CN106229314A - 静电放电保护器件及其制造方法 - Google Patents

静电放电保护器件及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN106229314A
CN106229314A CN201610671655.0A CN201610671655A CN106229314A CN 106229314 A CN106229314 A CN 106229314A CN 201610671655 A CN201610671655 A CN 201610671655A CN 106229314 A CN106229314 A CN 106229314A
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semiconductor layer
epitaxial semiconductor
layer
doped region
doped
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CN106229314B (zh
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王世军
姚飞
殷登平
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Nanjing Sili Microelectronics Technology Co., Ltd
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Hangzhou Silergy Semiconductor Technology Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种静电放电保护器件及其制造方法。所述静电放电保护器件,包括整流器件和开基极双极晶体管,所述整流器件的阳极和阴极分别为第一掺杂区和半导体衬底,所述开基极双极晶体管的发射区、基区和集电区分别为第二掺杂区、外延半导体层和半导体衬底,所述第一掺杂区和所述第二掺杂区穿过掺杂层延伸至所述外延半导体层中的预定深度。所述掺杂层可以抑制第二掺杂区周围产生的诱导掺杂区,从而减小所述开基极双极晶体管的寄生电容,提高响应速度。

Description

静电放电保护器件及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体器件及其制造方法,更具体地,涉及静电放电(ESD)保护器件及其制造方法。
背景技术
静电放电(ESD)是集成电路芯片与外部物体之间的电荷释放和转移现象。由于在短时间释放大量电荷,因此ESD产生的能量远高于芯片的承受能力,可能导致芯片的功能暂时失效甚至永久损坏。在芯片制造过程中,可以采用防静电手环或防静电服减小ESD的损害。在芯片制造完成之后,由于芯片的使用环境差异大,因此芯片很容易受到与外部物体之间的静电放电的影响。在芯片中设备ESD保护器件以提供静电释放路径,可以为芯片自身提供有效的保护,从而提供集成电路芯片的可靠性和使用寿命。
在现代的电子产品(例如智能手机、笔记本电脑、平板电脑和LED显示器等)中,安装在印刷电路板(PCB)上的高速数据端口,例如HDMI、USB、DVI等,广泛地采用ESD保护器件提供保护。这些ESD保护器件或者是分立器件,或者集成在芯片内部。对于高速数据端口的保护,ESD保护器件必须具有高响应速度。ESD保护器件的响应速度主要受到自身电容的影响。为了提高响应速度,优选地将ESD保护器件的电容设置为小于0.5pF。进一步地,ESD保护器件还应当具有高静电放电能力。
可以基于多种电路结构实现ESD保护器件。图1示出一种ESD保护器件的示意性电路结构。该ESD保护器件包括并联连接在输入输出端I/O和接地端GND之间的开基极双极晶体管(open base bipolar transistor)DT和整流二极管D1。输入输出端I/O例如是高速数据端口中的端子。开基极双极晶体管DT即基极开路的NPN三极管。在ESD保护器件的断开状态,输入输出端I/O用于数据传输。在静电释放时,开基极双极晶体管DT在输入输出端I/O至接地端GND的方向上导通,或者,整流器件D1在接地端GND至输入输出端I/O的方向上导通,从而提供静电的放电路径。
图2示出图1所示的ESD保护器件的寄生电容的等效电路。在ESD保护器件中,开基极双极晶体管DT的基板和发射极结可以等效为整流二极管,基极-集电极结可以等效为齐纳二极管。整流二极管D1的寄生电容表示为C1,开基极双极晶体管DT中的基极-发射极结电容表示为C2,基极-集电极结电容表示为CZ。为了获得低应用电压,如12V、8V、5V、3.3V等,基极-集电极的掺杂浓度提高且结面积增加,从而开基极双极晶体管DT的寄生电容CZ比C2大得多。
进一步地,由于开基极双极晶体管DT和整流二极管D1彼此并联连接,开基极双极晶体管DT的寄生电容C2和CZ串联连接,该ESD保护器件的等效电容C(I/O-GND)≈C1+C2。也即,该ESD保护器件的等效电容主要决定于整流二极管D1的寄生电容C1和开基极双极晶体管DT的等效电容C2。
然而,现有制造方法在开基极双极晶体管DT中引入诱导掺杂区,使得开基极双极晶体管DT的等效电容C2也增加。期望进一步改进ESD保护器件的制造方法以提高ESD保护器件的响应速度。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供一种ESD保护器件及其制造方法,其中通过形成附加的掺杂层减小ESD保护器件的寄生电容。
根据本发明的一方面,提供一种静电放电保护器件,包括:半导体衬底,所述半导体衬底为第一掺杂类型;埋层,所述埋层的至少一部分表面暴露在所述半导体衬底的表面上,所述埋层为第二掺杂类型,第一掺杂类型与第二掺杂类型相反;外延半导体,所述外延半导体层位于所述半导体衬底和所述埋层上,并且隔开成第一部分和第二部分,所述外延半导体层的第一部分为第一掺杂类型和第二掺杂类型之一,所述外延半导体层的第二部分为第二掺杂类型;第一掺杂区,位于所述外延半导体层的第一部分中,所述第一掺杂区为第二掺杂类型;第二掺杂区,位于所述外延半导体层的第二部分中,所述第二掺杂区为第一掺杂类型;以及位于第二掺杂区周围的掺杂层,所述掺杂层为第二掺杂类型,其中,所述静电放电保护器件包括整流器件和开基极双极晶体管,所述整流器件的阳极和阴极分别为所述第一掺杂区和所述半导体衬底,所述开基极双极晶体管的发射区、基区和集电区分别为所述第二掺杂区、所述外延半导体层和所述半导体衬底,所述第一掺杂区和所述第二掺杂区穿过所述掺杂层延伸至所述外延半导体层中的预定深度。
优选地,所述外延半导体层的第一部分接触所述半导体衬底的表面,所述外延半导体层的第二部分接触所述埋层的表面。
优选地,所述外延半导体层的第一部分为第一掺杂类型,所述整流器件的阴极包括所述外延半导体层的第一部分。
优选地,所述外延半导体层的第一部分为第二掺杂类型,所述整流器件的阳极包括所述外延半导体层的第一部分。
优选地,所述开基极双极晶体管的基区还包括所述埋层。
优选地,还包括:层间介质层,位于所述掺杂层上。
优选地,所述掺杂层与所述层间介质层接触。
优选地,所述掺杂层的掺杂浓度高于所述外延半导体层的掺杂浓度。
优选地,所述掺杂层的掺杂浓度在1e12~5e15cm-3的范围内。
优选地,还包括:扩展环,所述扩展环围绕所述第二掺杂区,并且与所述第二掺杂区彼此隔开,所述扩展环为第一掺杂类型。
优选地,所述扩展环穿过所述掺杂层延伸至所述外延半导体层中的预定深度。
优选地,还包括:隔离结构,所述隔离结构从所述外延半导体层的表面延伸至所述半导体衬底中,从而将所述外延半导体层分成所述第一部分和所述第二部分。
优选地,所述隔离结构为所述第一掺杂类型的掺杂区或沟槽隔离。
优选地,所述第一掺杂类型为N型和P型之一,所述第二掺杂类型为N型和P型中的另一个。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种静电放电保护器件的制造方法,包括:在半导体衬底中形成埋层,所述半导体衬底和所述埋层分别为第一掺杂类型和第二掺杂类型,第一掺杂类型与第二掺杂类型相反;在所述半导体衬底和所述埋层上形成外延半导体,所述外延半导体层的第一部分为第一掺杂类型和第二掺杂类型之一,所述外延半导体层的第二部分为第二掺杂类型;在所述外延半导体层的第一部分中形成第一掺杂区,所述第一掺杂区为第二掺杂类型;在所述外延半导体层的第二部分中形成第二掺杂区,所述第二掺杂区为第一掺杂类型;将所述外延半导体层的第一部分和第二部分彼此隔开;以及在所述外延半导体层中形成掺杂层,所述掺杂层位于所述第二掺杂区周围,并且为第二掺杂类型,其中,所述第一掺杂区和所述第二掺杂区穿过所述掺杂层延伸至所述外延半导体层中的预定深度。
优选地,形成外延半导体的步骤包括:外延生长第二掺杂类型的外延半导体层。
优选地,形成外延半导体层的步骤包括:外延生长第一掺杂类型的外延半导体层;以及利用埋层对所述外延半导体层的第二部分进行自掺杂,将所述外延半导体层的第二部分转变成第二掺杂类型。
优选地,还包括:在所述掺杂层上形成层间介质层。
优选地,所述掺杂层与所述层间介质层接触。
优选地,所述掺杂层的掺杂浓度高于所述外延半导体层的掺杂浓度。
优选地,所述掺杂层的掺杂浓度在1e12~5e15cm-3的范围内。
优选地,还包括:在所述外延半导体中形成扩展环,所述扩展环围绕所述第二掺杂区,并且与所述第二掺杂区彼此隔开,所述扩展环为第一掺杂类型。
优选地,所述扩展环穿过所述掺杂层延伸至所述外延半导体层中的预定深度。
优选地,在形成第一掺杂区的步骤和形成第二掺杂区的步骤之后,还包括:形成隔离结构,所述隔离结构从所述外延半导体层的表面延伸至所述半导体衬底中,以限定所述外延半导体层的第一部分和第二部分。
根据本发明实施例的ESD保护器件及其制造方法,该ESD保护器件包括整流器件和开基极双极晶体管。在第二掺杂区,即开基极双极晶体管的发射区周围形成附加的掺杂层,该掺杂层为第二掺杂类型,用于使得层间介质层下方的诱导掺杂区反型,从而减小诱导掺杂区与外延半导体层之间的结电容。由于采用附加的掺杂层,该ESD保护器件的结电容减小,从而可以提高响应速度。
在优选实施例中,在第二掺杂区,即开基极双极晶体管的发射区周围形成附加的扩展环。该扩展环为第一掺杂类型,用于形成耗尽扩展区,从而减小掺杂层与第二掺杂区之间的结电容。由于采用附加的扩展环,该ESD保护器件的结电容可以进一步减小,从而可以提高响应速度。
附图说明
通过以下参照附图对本发明实施例的描述,本发明的上述以及其他目的、特征和优点将更为清楚,在附图中:
图1示出一种ESD保护器件的示意性电路结构;
图2示出图1所示的ESD保护器件的寄生电容的等效电路;
图3和4分别示出根据现在技术的一种ESD保护器件的示意性结构的截面图以及等效电路;
图5和6分别示出根据现在技术的另一种ESD保护器件的示意性结构的截面图以及等效电路;
图7a至7f分别示出根据本发明实施例的ESD保护器件制造方法不同阶段的截面图;以及
图8和9分别示出包括和不包括扩展环的ESD保护器件的部分结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将参照附图更详细地描述本发明。在各个附图中,相同的元件采用类似的附图标记来表示。为了清楚起见,附图中的各个部分没有按比例绘制。此外,可能未示出某些公知的部分。为了简明起见,可以在一幅图中描述经过数个步骤后获得的半导体结构。
应当理解,在描述器件的结构时,当将一层、一个区域称为位于另一层、另一个区域“上面”或“上方”时,可以指直接位于另一层、另一个区域上面,或者在其与另一层、另一个区域之间还包含其它的层或区域。并且,如果将器件翻转,该一层、一个区域将位于另一层、另一个区域“下面”或“下方”。
如果为了描述直接位于另一层、另一个区域上面的情形,本文将采用“A直接在B上面”或“A在B上面并与之邻接”的表述方式。在本申请中,“A直接位于B中”表示A位于B中,并且A与B直接邻接,而非A位于B中形成的掺杂区中。
在本申请中,术语“半导体结构”指在制造半导体器件的各个步骤中形成的整个半导体结构的统称,包括已经形成的所有层或区域。
在下文中描述了本发明的许多特定的细节,例如器件的结构、材料、尺寸、处理工艺和技术,以便更清楚地理解本发明。但正如本领域的技术人员能够理解的那样,可以不按照这些特定的细节来实现本发明。
图3和4分别示出根据现在技术的一种ESD保护器件的示意性结构的截面图以及等效电路。
如图3所示,一种现有的ESD保护器件100包括并联连接在输入输出端I/O和接地端GND之间的整流器件D1和开基极双极晶体管DT。输入输出端I/O例如是高速数据端口中的端子。在ESD保护器件100的断开状态,输入输出端I/O用于数据传输。在静电释放时,开基极双极晶体管DT在输入输出端I/O至接地端GND的方向上导通,整流器件D1在接地端GND至输入输出端I/O的方向上导通,从而提供静电的放电路径。
该ESD保护器件100包括半导体衬底101、位于半导体衬底101上的埋层121、位于半导体衬底101和埋层121上的外延半导体层112、位于外延半导体层112中的第一掺杂区113、以及位于外延半导体层112中的第二掺杂区123。半导体衬底101和第二掺杂区123分别为N型,其中,第二掺杂区123重掺杂。埋层121、外延半导体层112和第一掺杂区113分别为P型,其中,第一掺杂区113重掺杂。
在半导体衬底101的第一区域,半导体衬底101、外延半导体层112和第一掺杂区113构成整流器件D1,其中,半导体衬底101和外延半导体层112之间形成第一PN结。在整流器件D1中,半导体衬底101和外延半导体层112分别作为阴极和阳极。
在半导体衬底101的第二区域,半导体衬底101、埋层121、外延半导体层112和第二掺杂区123构成开基极双极晶体管DT,其中,半导体衬底101和埋层121之间形成第二PN结,外延半导体层112和第二掺杂区123之间形成第三PN结,第二PN结与第三PN结反向偏置。在开基极双极晶体管DZ中,半导体衬底101和第二掺杂区123分别作为集电区和发射区,埋层121和外延半导体层112共同作为基区。
如图4所示,在ESD保护器件100中,开基极双极晶体管DT的基板和发射极结可以等效为整流二极管,基极-集电极结可以等效为齐纳二极管。整流二极管D1的寄生电容表示为C1,开基极双极晶体管DT中的基极-发射极结电容表示为C2,基极-集电极结电容表示为CZ。
优选地,该ESD保护器件100还包括隔离结构102。在半导体衬底101的第一区域,隔离结构102从外延半导体层112的表面延伸至半导体衬底101中,从而限定整流器件D1的有源区。在半导体衬底101的第二区域,隔离结构102从外延半导体层112的表面延伸至半导体衬底101中,从而限定开基极双极晶体管DT的有源区。在该实施例中,隔离结构102例如是沟槽隔离,用于限制电流的横向流动。
优选地,该ESD保护器件100还包括位于外延半导体层112上的层间介质层131。在层间介质层131上形成第一电极142。第一电极142经由穿过层间介质层131的导电通道141,与第一掺杂区113和第二掺杂区123电连接,从而将第一掺杂区113和第二掺杂区123连接在一起。在半导体衬底101的与第一电极142相对的表面上形成第二电极151。第一电极142和第二电极151例如由选自金、银、铜的金属材料或其合金组成。
在上述的实施例中,描述了整流器件D1和开基极双极晶体管DT集成在同一个芯片中的情形。在替代的实施例中,如果整流器件D1和开基极双极晶体管DT分别形成独立的半导体器件,则二者之间可以通过键合线电连接。
在该ESD保护器件中,为了提高上述ESD保护器件的静电释放能力,希望增加开基极双极晶体管DT的PN结面积,且提高掺杂浓度,从而在静电释放时允许PN结流过大电流。然而,PN结面积的增加导致寄生电容C2增加,使得ESD保护器件的响应速度降低。因此,在器件设计阶段的重要工作是选择合适的结面积和掺杂浓度,以获得最终的器件性能。
然而,由于层间介质层131的电荷捕获现象,该ESD保护器件100的实际产品的电容值通常高于器件设计时期望的电容,使得ESD保护器件的响应速度降低。图5和6分别示出根据现在技术的另一种ESD保护器件的示意性结构的截面图以及等效电路。
如图5所示,ESD保护器件200包括整流器件D1和开基极双极晶体管DT。由于层间介质层131通常捕获正电荷,在层间介质层131的诱导作用下,位于层间介质层131下方的外延半导体层112的表面层中形成诱导掺杂层124,诱导掺杂层124为轻掺杂的N型。在开基极双极晶体管DT中,诱导掺杂层124与外延半导体层112之间形成附加的第四PN结。第三PN结和第四PN结同向偏置且并联连接,使得开基极双极晶体管DT的结面积明显增加,开基极双极晶体管DT的结电容也相应地增加。
如图6所示,在ESD保护器件200中,开基极双极晶体管DT的基板和发射极结可以等效为整流二极管,基极-集电极结可以等效为齐纳二极管。整流二极管D1的寄生电容表示为C1,开基极双极晶体管DT中的基极-发射极结电容表示为C2+C21+C22,基极-集电极结电容表示为CZ。
由于层间介质层131的电荷捕获现象,开基极双极晶体管DT的结电容明显提加。在基极-发射极结电容中,电容C2是上述第三PN结的结电容,电容C21和C22是上述第四PN结的结电容。该ESD保护器件100的实际产品的电容值通常高于器件设计时期望的电容,使得ESD保护器件的响应速度降低。
图7a至7f分别示出根据本发明实施例的ESD保护器件制造方法不同阶段的截面图。例如,该方法用于制造如图5所示的ESD保护器件300。
如图7a所示,在半导体衬底101中彼此相邻的第一区域和第二区域中形成埋层121。半导体衬底101例如是单晶硅衬底,并且掺杂成N型。埋层121例如是在半导体衬底101的表面下预定深度形成的掺杂区。埋层121掺杂成P型。
为了形成P型半导体层或区域,可以在半导体层和区域中掺入P型掺杂剂(例如B)。为了形成N型半导体层或区域,可以在半导体层和区域中注入N型掺杂剂(例如P、As)。通过控制离子注入的参数,例如注入能量和剂量,可以掺杂区达到所需的深度和获得所需的掺杂浓度。
为了在半导体衬底101的选定区域形成埋层121,采用光刻工艺形成光致抗蚀剂掩模(图中未示出),其中的开口暴露期望的注入区域。采用常规的离子注入和驱入技术,经由掩模的开口进行离子注入,从而形成埋层121。在离子注入之后,通过在溶剂中溶解或灰化去除光致抗蚀剂层。
在该实施例中,半导体衬底101的电阻率例如小于0.1ohm-cm,埋层的掺杂浓度例如在2e14cm-2~5e15cm-2的范围内。在优选的实施例中,如果半导体衬底101的掺杂浓度非常高,则在形成埋层121之前,可以在半导体衬底101的表面形成附加的外延层,然后才进行离子注入。
在该实施例中,埋层121的面积越大,开基极双极晶体管DT的钳位电压越低。因此,可以根据ESD保护器件的工作电压需求设计埋层121的面积。
然后,通过已知的沉积工艺,在埋层121的表面上生长外延半导体层112。沉积工艺例如是选自电子束蒸发(EBM)、化学气相沉积(CVD)、原子层沉积(ALD)、溅射中的一种。
在该实施例中,外延半导体层112例如为P型。为了在保证整流二极管D1和开基极双极晶体管DT导通的情形下尽可能减小寄生电容,希望外延半导体层112的掺杂浓度尽可能低。
在替代的实施例中,最初沉积的外延半导体层112可以是轻掺杂的N型层,或者未掺杂。在外延半导体层112形成之后,外延半导体层112位于埋层121上方的部分由于埋层121的自掺杂转变成P型外延层,位于埋层121周边的部分维持为N型层或本征层,从而将外延半导体层112分成不同类型的掺杂区。
进一步地,采用常规的离子注入和驱入技术,进行离子注入,从而在外延半导体层112中形成掺杂层132,如图7b所示。
在该离子注入步骤中,可以不采用掩模,使得掺杂层132覆盖半导体结构的表面,形成覆盖层(blanket layer)。掺杂层132从外延半导体层112的表面向下延伸预定的深度。该掺杂层132用于抑制在层间介质层下方形成的诱导掺杂区,因此,可以根据诱导掺杂区的深度控制掺杂层132的深度。
掺杂层132例如为P型。掺杂层132的掺杂浓度稍高于外延半导体层112的掺杂浓度,例如在1e12~5e15cm-3之间。掺杂层132的掺杂浓度不能太低,否则无法使层间介质层诱导的掺杂区反型,但是也不能太高,否则掺杂层132与发射极之间形成的PN结的电容非常高,从而增加开基极双极晶体管DT的结电容。
进一步地,采用光刻工艺形成光致抗蚀剂掩模PR1,其中的开口暴露外延半导体层112的一部分表面。采用常规的离子注入和驱入技术,经由掩模的开口进行离子注入,从而在外延半导体层112中形成第一掺杂区113,如图7c所示。在离子注入之后,通过在溶剂中溶解或灰化去除光致抗蚀剂层。
第一掺杂区113为重掺杂的P型区,从外延半导体层112的表面向下延伸预定深度。第一掺杂区113位于半导体衬底101的第一区域上方,该第一区域未形成埋层121。第一掺杂区113和外延半导体层112形成第一PN结,从而分别形成整流器件D1的阳极和阴极。
进一步地,采用光刻工艺形成光致抗蚀剂掩模PR2,其中的开口暴露外延半导体层112的一部分表面。采用常规的离子注入和驱入技术,经由掩模的开口进行离子注入,从而在外延半导体层112中形成第二掺杂区123,如图7d所示。在离子注入之后,通过在溶剂中溶解或灰化去除光致抗蚀剂层。
第二掺杂区123为重掺杂的N型区,从外延半导体层112的表面向下延伸预定深度。第二掺杂区123位于半导体衬底101的第二区域上方,该第二区域位于已经形成埋层121上方。半导体衬底101和埋层121形成第二PN结,第二掺杂区123和外延半导体层112形成第三PN结。因而,在开基极双极晶体管DT中,半导体衬底101和第二掺杂区123分别作为集电区和发射区,埋层121和外延半导体层112共同作为基区。
进一步地,形成用于限定整流器件D1和开基极双极晶体管DT的有源区的隔离结构102。
在整流器件D1和开基极双极晶体管DT的周边,隔离结构102从外延半导体层112的表面延伸至半导体衬底101中,使得ESD保护器件中的整流器件D1和开基极双极晶体管DT彼此隔离,以及与邻近的半导体器件隔离。
隔离结构102可以是沟槽隔离。用于形成沟槽隔离的工艺是本领域已知的,例如包括在半导体结构中蚀刻出浅沟槽以及采用绝缘材料填充浅沟槽的步骤。
然后,通过上述已知的沉积工艺,在掺杂层113的表面上形成层间介质层131,如图7e所示。该层间介质层131例如由氧化硅组成。在该优选的实施例中,掺杂层113与层间介质层131接触。在替代的实施例中,掺杂层113可以与层间介质层131隔开预定距离。
在外延半导体层112的一部分表面层中,形成扩展环125。扩展环125为轻掺杂的N型区。扩展环125与第二掺杂区123彼此隔开,并且围绕第二掺杂区123。
在开基极双极晶体管DT中,第二掺杂区123作为发射区。由于第二掺杂区123限定发射区的面积,因此相应的结面积大致为第二掺杂区123与外延半导体层112的接触面积。
由于层间介质层131捕获正电荷,如果没有掺杂层132的存在,在层间介质层131下方的外延半导体层112中将产生N型的诱导掺杂区。然而,在该实施例的ESD保护器件中,在层间介质层131下方预先形成了掺杂层132。该掺杂层132的深度和掺杂深度均根据诱导掺杂区的相应参数确定,使得掺杂层132将诱导掺杂区反型成P型,从而抑制在层间介质层下方形成的诱导掺杂区。该掺杂层132可以避免诱导掺杂区的形成以及在诱导掺杂区与外延半导体层之间形成第四PN结,进而避免与第四PN结构相关的结电容C21和C22的产生。因而,该开基极双极晶体管DT的实际产品的寄生电容与设计电容值比较吻合,使得ESD保护器件的响应速度维持为较高值。
进一步地,掺杂层132例如为P型,仍然与N型的第二掺杂区之123形成第五PN结。虽然第五PN结的结电容与第四PN结的结电容相比大为减小,但是该部分的电容仍然贡献于开基极双极晶体管DT的寄生电容。在上述优选的实施例中,在第二掺杂区123的周围形成扩展环125,以形成耗尽扩展区。
参见图8和9,其中分别示出包括和不包括扩展环的ESD保护器件的部分结构示意图,采用虚线表示耗尽扩展区的边界。在图中仅示出与开基极双极晶体管相关的结构,而没有示出整流器件。可以看出,由于耗尽区的扩展,第五PN结的结电容可以减小。
进一步地,通过光刻和蚀刻在层间介质层131中形成分别到达第一掺杂区113和第二掺杂区123的开口。
然后,通过上述已知的沉积工艺和平面化工艺(例如,化学机械平面化),在层间介质层131的开口中形成导电通道141,在层间介质层131的表面上形成第一电极142,以及在半导体衬底101的与外延半导体层112相对的表面上形成第二电极151,如图7f所示。导电通道141、第一电极142和第二电极151例如由选自金、银、铜的金属材料组成。
在上述的实施例中,描述了在同一个芯片中集成整流器件和开基极双极晶体管的ESD保护器件的制造方法。在替代的实施例中,该方法可以用于分别制造整流器件和开基极双极晶体管,从而形成两个独立的分立元件,然后采用键合线连接两个分立元件,从而形成ESD保护器件。上述用于限定开基极双极晶体管的发射区的方法,可以用于制造开基极双极晶体管的分立元件。在另一个替代的实施例中,开基极双极晶体管自身可以单独用作单向的ESD保护器件。因此,根据本发明实施例的ESD保护器件的制造方法也可以用于制造仅包括开基极双极晶体管的ESD保护器件。
应当说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素,并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
依照本发明的实施例如上文所述,这些实施例并没有详尽叙述所有的细节,也不限制该发明仅为所述的具体实施例。显然,根据以上描述,可作很多的修改和变化。本说明书选取并具体描述这些实施例,是为了更好地解释本发明的原理和实际应用,从而使所属技术领域技术人员能很好地利用本发明以及在本发明基础上的修改使用。本发明仅受权利要求书及其全部范围和等效物的限制。

Claims (24)

1.一种静电放电保护器件,包括:
半导体衬底,所述半导体衬底为第一掺杂类型;
埋层,所述埋层的至少一部分表面暴露在所述半导体衬底的表面上,所述埋层为第二掺杂类型,第一掺杂类型与第二掺杂类型相反;
外延半导体,所述外延半导体层位于所述半导体衬底和所述埋层上,并且隔开成第一部分和第二部分,所述外延半导体层的第一部分为第一掺杂类型和第二掺杂类型之一,所述外延半导体层的第二部分为第二掺杂类型;
第一掺杂区,位于所述外延半导体层的第一部分中,所述第一掺杂区为第二掺杂类型;
第二掺杂区,位于所述外延半导体层的第二部分中,所述第二掺杂区为第一掺杂类型;以及
位于第二掺杂区周围的掺杂层,所述掺杂层为第二掺杂类型,
其中,所述静电放电保护器件包括整流器件和开基极双极晶体管,所述整流器件的阳极和阴极分别为所述第一掺杂区和所述半导体衬底,所述开基极双极晶体管的发射区、基区和集电区分别为所述第二掺杂区、所述外延半导体层和所述半导体衬底,
所述第一掺杂区和所述第二掺杂区穿过所述掺杂层延伸至所述外延半导体层中的预定深度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的静电放电保护器件,其中,所述外延半导体层的第一部分接触所述半导体衬底的表面,所述外延半导体层的第二部分接触所述埋层的表面。
3.根据权利要求1所述的静电放电保护器件,其中,所述外延半导体层的第一部分为第一掺杂类型,所述整流器件的阴极包括所述外延半导体层的第一部分。
4.根据权利要求1所述的静电放电保护器件,其中,所述外延半导体层的第一部分为第二掺杂类型,所述整流器件的阳极包括所述外延半导体层的第一部分。
5.根据权利要求1所述的静电放电保护器件,其中,所述开基极双极晶体管的基区还包括所述埋层。
6.根据权利要求1所述的静电放电保护器件,还包括:层间介质层,位于所述掺杂层上。
7.根据权利要求6所述的静电放电保护器件,其中,所述掺杂层与所述层间介质层接触。
8.根据权利要求6所述的静电放电保护器件,其中,所述掺杂层的掺杂浓度高于所述外延半导体层的掺杂浓度。
9.根据权利要求8所述的静电放电保护器件,其中,所述掺杂层的掺杂浓度在1e12~5e15cm-3的范围内。
10.根据权利要求6所述的静电放电保护器件,还包括:扩展环,所述扩展环围绕所述第二掺杂区,并且与所述第二掺杂区彼此隔开,所述扩展环为第一掺杂类型。
11.根据权利要求10所述的静电放电保护器件,其中,所述扩展环穿过所述掺杂层延伸至所述外延半导体层中的预定深度。
12.根据权利要求1所述的静电放电保护器件,还包括:隔离结构,所述隔离结构从所述外延半导体层的表面延伸至所述半导体衬底中,从而将所述外延半导体层分成所述第一部分和所述第二部分。
13.根据权利要求12所述的静电放电保护器件,其中,所述隔离结构为所述第一掺杂类型的掺杂区或沟槽隔离。
14.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的静电放电保护器件,其中,所述第一掺杂类型为N型和P型之一,所述第二掺杂类型为N型和P型中的另一个。
15.一种静电放电保护器件的制造方法,包括:
在半导体衬底中形成埋层,所述半导体衬底和所述埋层分别为第一掺杂类型和第二掺杂类型,第一掺杂类型与第二掺杂类型相反;
在所述半导体衬底和所述埋层上形成外延半导体,所述外延半导体层的第一部分为第一掺杂类型和第二掺杂类型之一,所述外延半导体层的第二部分为第二掺杂类型;
在所述外延半导体层的第一部分中形成第一掺杂区,所述第一掺杂区为第二掺杂类型;
在所述外延半导体层的第二部分中形成第二掺杂区,所述第二掺杂区为第一掺杂类型;
将所述外延半导体层的第一部分和第二部分彼此隔开;以及
在所述外延半导体层中形成掺杂层,所述掺杂层位于所述第二掺杂区周围,并且为第二掺杂类型,
其中,所述第一掺杂区和所述第二掺杂区穿过所述掺杂层延伸至所述外延半导体层中的预定深度。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中,形成外延半导体的步骤包括:
外延生长第二掺杂类型的外延半导体层。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中,形成外延半导体层的步骤包括:
外延生长第一掺杂类型的外延半导体层;以及
利用埋层对所述外延半导体层的第二部分进行自掺杂,将所述外延半导体层的第二部分转变成第二掺杂类型。
18.根据权利要求15所述的方法,还包括:在所述掺杂层上形成层间介质层。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其中,所述掺杂层与所述层间介质层接触。
20.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其中,所述掺杂层的掺杂浓度高于所述外延半导体层的掺杂浓度。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中,所述掺杂层的掺杂浓度在1e12~5e15cm-3的范围内。
22.根据权利要求15所述的方法,还包括:
在所述外延半导体中形成扩展环,所述扩展环围绕所述第二掺杂区,并且与所述第二掺杂区彼此隔开,所述扩展环为第一掺杂类型。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中,所述扩展环穿过所述掺杂层延伸至所述外延半导体层中的预定深度。
24.根据权利要求15所述的方法,在形成第一掺杂区的步骤和形成第二掺杂区的步骤之后,还包括:
形成隔离结构,所述隔离结构从所述外延半导体层的表面延伸至所述半导体衬底中,以限定所述外延半导体层的第一部分和第二部分。
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