CN106222724A - 一种调控式Cu离子原位掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种调控式Cu离子原位掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及调控式Cu离子原位掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的制备方法,包括以下步骤:1)以TA13合金片或TA13合金棒为阳极,Pt片或Pt棒为阴极,在含氟溶液中阳极氧化制备Cu离子原位掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列,清洗样品;2)采用超声辅助选择性酸溶解法浸出部分Cu离子,实现纳米管阵列中的Cu离子含量的定量调控;3)调控完成清洗,干燥即得到调控式Cu离子原位掺杂量TiO2纳米管阵列。本发明的优点和有益效果在于:1.以TA13合金为基材,不但简化Cu离子掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的制备工艺,还使掺杂离子分散更均匀;2.采用超声辅助选择性酸溶解法能便捷可控地调节Cu离子掺杂量,为制备性能优良的催化剂提供可靠方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纳米材料制备领域,涉及一种调控式Cu离子原位掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的制备方法。
背景技术
TiO2纳米管阵列具有优异的光(电)催化活性和化学稳定性,广泛应用于光(电)催化产氢、光(电)催化治理环境污染物和太阳能电池等领域。Cu离子掺杂后形成能量较低的掺杂能级以吸收可见光,拓宽光谱响应范围,同时还可以在TiO2表面形成氧空位,促使Ti3+氧化中心的形成,有利于电荷俘获并抑制电子-空穴复合,提升光量子效率。目前,Cu离子掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列主要采用常规的后期引入方式,即先制备TiO2纳米管阵列,再通过化学或电化学等方法将Cu离子引入至TiO2纳米管阵列表面。但该方式存在以下两方面难题:
1.TiO2纳米管阵列管底为封闭结构,Cu离子从管口进入,依靠扩散作用向管内输入,因管内溶液缺乏流动性,Cu离子扩散至管底的过程中易形成浓度差,使管口区域的Cu离子溶度较高,沉积也较多,而接近管底区域的Cu离子溶度较低,沉积也较少,Cu离子浓度差造成了掺杂不均匀的现象;
2.TiO2纳米管阵列结构致密,管与管之间空隙非常小,管外壁难以有效附着Cu氧化物。
这两方面难题导致大部分Cu氧化物集中在管开口处,分散程度较差,管开口处掺杂效果较好,但随着管长的延伸管内掺杂效果逐渐下降,并且管外壁难以掺杂。近年来,研究者们采用提前引入法对TiO2纳米管阵列进行金属离子掺杂,取得了良好的效果。该方法以钛合金代替纯钛作电解阳极,提前引入掺杂金属,制备了金属离子原位掺杂的TiO2纳米管阵列。但提前引入的金属掺杂量主要由钛合金成分决定,因此该方法存在金属离子掺杂比例难以调控的问题。众多研究表明掺杂比例是金属离子改性TiO2光催化性能的决定性因素之一。如Choi等系统研究了不同掺杂比例(0.1-3at%)的21种金属离子对TiO2光催化活性的影响,发现除无改性效果的金属离子外,纳米TiO2的光催化性能随金属离子掺杂比例的增加,表现出先上升后下降的抛物线型变化规律,研究认为掺杂量需要控制在适宜的比例(约0.5at%),比例过少不能充分发挥掺杂的作用,过多则会引起大量的结构缺陷,形成电子-空穴的复合中心。López等详细探索了不同比例(0.1-5wt%)Cu掺杂纳米TiO2的性能,发现0.5wt%的掺杂比例具有最佳的光催化性能,1wt%和0.1wt%的掺杂比例效果相当,更过量的掺杂会引起性能的退化。TA13合金中Cu含量较高,由其制备的纳米管阵列可能也存在Cu离子掺杂过量的问题。因此,对Cu离子原位掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列进行再处理,以优化Cu离子的掺杂比例,可实现光催化性能的最优化。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种成本低、工艺简单的调控式Cu离子原位掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的制备方法。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种调控式Cu离子原位掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)以TA13合金片或TA13合金棒为阳极,Pt片或Pt棒为阴极,在含氟溶液中阳极氧化制备Cu离子原位掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列,清洗样品;
2)利用Cu和Ti的化学性质差异,通过选取恰当的酸溶液,并精确控制浸出条件,采用超声辅助选择性酸溶解法浸出部分Cu离子,实现纳米管阵列中的Cu离子含量的定量调控;
3)调控完成后清洗,干燥即得到调控式Cu离子原位掺杂量TiO2纳米管阵列。
按上述方案,步骤1)所述的阳极氧化的电压为5-50V,温度为20-50℃,时间为30min-4h。
按上述方案,步骤2)所述的超声辅助采用的超声波频率为30-60KHz,所加入的酸溶液pH为1-4。
按上述方案,步骤2)所述的溶解温度为20-60℃,溶解时间为20min-4h。
按上述方案,所述的含氟溶液为含氟化铵的有机溶液或含氢氟酸的无机溶液。
按上述方案,所述的含氟溶液为含氟化铵的乙二醇、丙三醇溶液或含氢氟酸的水溶液。
按上述方案,所述的酸溶液为有机酸或无机酸。
按上述方案,所述的酸溶液为草酸、柠檬酸、乙酸或盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸。
按上述方案,所述的Cu离子原位掺杂量的调控范围为0-1.5wt%。
本发明首次采用TA13合金为基材壳实现更优良的Cu离子掺杂效果,为实现Cu离子的调控,同时保持纳米管阵列的结构不被破坏,首次开发了温和的超声辅助选择性溶解法调控Cu离子含量,在较低频率的超声波辅助下,适宜的酸溶液可以深入纳米管内部,可控的溶出Cu离子,实现调控式Cu离子原位掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的制备。
本发明的优点和有益效果在于:
1.以TA13合金为基材,不但简化Cu离子掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的制备工艺,还使掺杂离子分散更均匀;
2.采用超声辅助选择性酸溶解法能便捷可控地调节Cu离子掺杂量,为制备性能优良的催化剂提供可靠方法。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步详细的说明,此说明不会构成对于本发明的限制。
实施例1
将厚度为2mm的TA13合金片裁剪为2×8cm2长条状,通过砂纸打磨并超声清洗后作待用阳极,以相同尺寸Pt片为阴极并配制含2wt%水、0.3wt%氟化铵的乙二醇溶液作电解质。电解过程采用两电极直流电解系统,电压为50V,温度为20℃,时间为30min。电解完成后用去离子水冲洗阳极表面的残留液体,再浸渍于恒温20℃的0.1M的HCl溶液中,30KHz频率下超声4h后取出并用去离子水冲洗干净,得到Cu离子掺杂量为0的TiO2纳米管阵列。将该纳米管阵列与常规TiO2纳米管阵列应用于紫外光降解初始溶度为10mg/L甲基蓝溶液,由于Cu离子的完全浸出,对比发现该纳米管阵列的光催化降解甲基蓝效率与常规的TiO2纳米管阵列相当,2h降解后甲基蓝溶液的剩余溶度分别为1.2mg/L和1.3mg/L。
实施例2
将直径为2cm的TA13合金棒裁剪长8cm的短棒状,通过砂纸打磨并超声清洗后作待用阳极,以2×8cm2的Pt片为阴极并配制含2wt%水、0.3wt%氟化铵的丙三醇溶液作电解质。电解过程采用两电极直流电解系统,电压为40V,温度为30℃,时间为1h。电解完成后用去离子水冲洗阳极表面的残留液体,再浸渍于恒温30℃的0.01M的H3PO4溶液中,30KHz频率下超声3h后取出并用去离子水冲洗干净,得到Cu离子掺杂量为0.2wt%的TiO2纳米管阵列。将该纳米管阵列与常规TiO2纳米管阵列应用于紫外光降解10mg/L甲基蓝溶液,由于0.2wt%的Cu离子掺杂,对比发现该纳米管阵列的光催化降解甲基蓝效率优于常规的TiO2纳米管阵列,2h降解后甲基蓝溶液的剩余溶度分别为1.0mg/L和1.3mg/L。
实施例3
将厚度为2mm的TA13合金片裁剪为2×8cm2长条状,通过砂纸打磨并超声清洗后作待用阳极,以相同尺寸Pt片为阴极并配制含2wt%水、0.3wt%氟化铵的乙二醇溶液作电解质。电解过程采用两电极直流电解系统,电压为30V,温度为40℃,时间为2h。电解完成后用去离子水冲洗阳极表面的残留液体,再浸渍于恒温40℃的0.001M的H2SO4溶液中,40KHz频率下超声2h后取出并用去离子水冲洗干净,得到Cu离子掺杂量为0.5wt%的TiO2纳米管阵列。将该纳米管阵列与常规TiO2纳米管阵列应用于紫外光降解10mg/L甲基蓝溶液,由于0.5wt%的Cu离子掺杂,对比发现该纳米管阵列的光催化降解甲基蓝效率明显优于常规的TiO2纳米管阵列,2h降解后甲基蓝溶液的剩余溶度分别为0.4mg/L和1.3mg/L。
实施例4
将厚度为2mm的TA13合金片裁剪为2×8cm2长条状,通过砂纸打磨并超声清洗后作待用阳极,以相同尺寸Pt片为阴极并配制含2wt%水、0.3wt%氟化铵的乙二醇溶液作电解质。电解过程采用两电极直流电解系统,电压为20V,温度为50℃,时间为3h。电解完成后用去离子水冲洗阳极表面的残留液体,再浸渍于恒温50℃的0.0001M的HCl溶液中,50KHz频率下超声1h后取出并用去离子水冲洗干净,得到Cu离子掺杂量为1.0wt%的TiO2纳米管阵列。将该纳米管阵列与常规TiO2纳米管阵列应用于紫外光降解10mg/L甲基蓝溶液,由于1wt%的Cu离子掺杂,对比发现该纳米管阵列的光催化降解甲基蓝效率优于常规的TiO2纳米管阵列,2h降解后甲基蓝溶液的剩余溶度分别为0.6mg/L和1.3mg/L。
实施例5
将厚度为2mm的TA13合金片裁剪为2×8cm2长条状,通过砂纸打磨并超声清洗后作待用阳极,以相同尺寸Pt片为阴极并配制含0.3wt%氟化铵的水溶液作电解质。电解过程采用两电极直流电解系统,电压为10V,温度为30℃,时间为1h。电解完成后用去离子水冲洗阳极表面的残留液体,再浸渍于恒温60℃的0.1M的草酸溶液中,60KHz频率下超声40min后取出并用去离子水冲洗干净,得到Cu离子掺杂量为1.2wt%的TiO2纳米管阵列。将该纳米管阵列与常规TiO2纳米管阵列应用于紫外光降解10mg/L甲基蓝溶液,由于1.2wt%的Cu离子掺杂,对比发现该纳米管阵列的光催化降解甲基蓝效率优于常规的TiO2纳米管阵列,2h降解后甲基蓝溶液的剩余溶度分别为0.8mg/L和1.3mg/L。
实施例6
将厚度为2mm的TA13合金片裁剪为2×8cm2长条状,通过砂纸打磨并超声清洗后作待用阳极,以相同尺寸Pt片为阴极并配制含0.3wt%氟化铵的水溶液作电解质。电解过程采用两电极直流电解系统,电压为5V,温度为30℃,时间为1h。电解完成后用去离子水冲洗阳极表面的残留液体,再浸渍于恒温30℃的0.1M的乙酸溶液中,50KHz频率下超声40min后取出并用去离子水冲洗干净,得到Cu离子掺杂量为1.3wt%的TiO2纳米管阵列。将该纳米管阵列与常规TiO2纳米管阵列应用于紫外光降解10mg/L甲基蓝溶液,由于1.3wt%的Cu离子掺杂,对比发现该纳米管阵列的光催化降解甲基蓝效率优于常规的TiO2纳米管阵列,2h降解后甲基蓝溶液的剩余溶度分别为0.9mg/L和1.3mg/L。
实施例7
将厚度为2mm的TA13合金片裁剪为2×8cm2长条状,通过砂纸打磨并超声清洗后作待用阳极,以相同尺寸Pt片为阴极并配制含2wt%水、0.3wt%氟化铵的乙二醇溶液作电解质。电解过程采用两电极直流电解系统,电压为50V,温度为30℃,时间为4h。电解完成后用去离子水冲洗阳极表面的残留液体,再浸渍于恒温30℃的0.1M的柠檬酸溶液中,50KHz频率下超声2h后取出并用去离子水冲洗干净,得到Cu离子掺杂量为0.8wt%的TiO2纳米管阵列。将该纳米管阵列与常规TiO2纳米管阵列应用于紫外光降解10mg/L甲基蓝溶液,由于0.8wt%的Cu离子掺杂,对比发现该纳米管阵列的光催化降解甲基蓝效率优于常规的TiO2纳米管阵列,2h降解后甲基蓝溶液的剩余溶度分别为0.5mg/L和1.3mg/L。
Claims (9)
1.一种调控式Cu离子原位掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)以TA13合金片或TA13合金棒为阳极,Pt片或Pt棒为阴极,在含氟溶液中阳极氧化制备Cu离子原位掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列,清洗样品;
2)利用Cu和Ti的化学性质差异,通过选取恰当的酸溶液,并精确控制浸出条件,采用超声辅助选择性酸溶解法浸出部分Cu离子,实现纳米管阵列中的Cu离子含量的定量调控;
3)调控完成后清洗,干燥即得到调控式Cu离子原位掺杂量TiO2纳米管阵列。
2.根据权利要求1所述的调控式Cu离子原位掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1)所述的阳极氧化的电压为5-50V,温度为20-50℃,时间为30min-4h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的调控式Cu离子原位掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2)所述的超声辅助采用的超声波频率为30-60KHz,所加入的酸溶液pH为1-4。
4.根据权利要求1所述的调控式Cu离子原位掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2)所述的溶解温度为20-60℃,溶解时间为20min-4h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的调控式Cu离子原位掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的制备方法,其特征在于所述的含氟溶液为含氟化铵的有机溶液或含氢氟酸的无机溶液。
6.根据权利要求5所述的调控式Cu离子原位掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的制备方法,其特征在于所述的含氟溶液为含氟化铵的乙二醇、丙三醇溶液或含氢氟酸的水溶液。
7.根据权利要求1所述的调控式Cu离子原位掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的制备方法,其特征在于所述的酸溶液为有机酸或无机酸。
8.根据权利要求7所述的调控式Cu离子原位掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的制备方法,其特征在于所述的酸溶液为草酸、柠檬酸、乙酸或盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸。
9.根据权利要求1所述的调控式Cu离子原位掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的制备方法,其特征在于所述的Cu离子原位掺杂量的调控范围为0-1.5wt%。
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