CN106215164A - 余甘子药物组合物及其制备方法、制剂和抗艾应用 - Google Patents
余甘子药物组合物及其制备方法、制剂和抗艾应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含余甘子的药物组合物,包括有效组分a,所述有效组分a包括以下重量份数的原料:余甘子10‑30份、枸杞子1‑10份、桑叶1‑10份、荷叶1‑10份、菊花1‑10份、黄精1‑10份、姜1‑10份和甘草1‑10份。本发明具有显著的抗菌抗病毒抗炎、提高机体免疫力等药理作用,使本发明具清热解毒,滋阴润燥,补益气血,补益肾脾等功效,不仅有助于恢复患者正常体温,且调整内环境、扶正祛邪等,是一种治疗艾滋病的良药,疗效明显,无不良反应和毒副作用,适合长期干预,原料资源易获得。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药或民族药制剂领域。更具体地说,本发明涉及一种抗艾滋病的余苷子中药民族药复方制剂。
背景技术
余甘子为大戟科叶下珠属植物余甘子的成熟干燥果实。广西壮族自治区壮药质量标准(第一卷,2008版)有收载,壮语芒音。《唐本草》称之为庵摩勒,余甘,《南方草木状》谓“树叶细,似合昏,花黄,食似李,青黄色,核圆作六七棱,食之先苦后甜”,《本草纲目》称之为庵摩落迦果,载有“其味初食苦涩,良久更甘,故曰余甘”。余甘子也为一种常用藏药,在藏药中使用频率较高,在《藏药标准》所载的290种藏药成药中,含余甘子的有72种,占总数的25%,卫生部药品标准1995年版藏药标准所载200种成药中,有59种含余甘子,占29%。余甘子果实味酸微涩,清热凉血,消食健脾,生津止渴。主治血热血瘀,消化不良,腹胀,咳嗽,喉痛,口干及维生素C缺乏症。在藏药中,余甘子主治培根病、赤巴病、血病、高血压病等。现代研究结果表明,余甘子具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗衰老、保肝等作用。
余甘子叶是余甘子的重要药用部位,其味甘、微苦、性凉;归脾、小肠经,具有清热解毒,利湿消肿、痔漏、高血压、毒蛇咬伤、跌打损伤的治疗。目前,有关余甘子叶的有效化学成分、药理作用、质量评价以及开发利用方面的系统研究尚无报道。
艾滋病是危害人类健康、影响社会发展的严重传染病,目前还没有治愈的药物和方法。人体感染艾滋病病毒后,经过8~10年的潜伏期,随着机体免疫功能的逐渐被破坏和免疫缺陷,造成各种机会性感染发生,或继发恶性肿瘤,最终导致死亡。30多年来艾滋病在全球范围内迅速蔓延,它夺走了千百万人的生命,被称为“超级癌症”“世纪瘟疫”,同时对社会和经济的发展造成了极大的阻碍,逐渐成为全球关注的重要公共卫生事件。我国艾滋病病毒感染者发现比例呈上升。艾滋病尽早治疗的好处:1.促进免疫功能重建,艾滋病患者经联合抗病毒治疗后,其CD4细胞计数的恢复分两个阶段:第一阶段为快速增长期,发生在治疗后的最初几个月内;第二阶段为缓慢增长期,紧随第一期之后,以CD4细胞的缓慢增加为特征。第二阶段CD4细胞的增加比第一阶段更为重要,因为它意味着真正的免疫重建。2.减少并发症风险,无论患者感染时间长短、CD4水平高低,一般来说,HIV病毒进入人体后,会对机体造成多器官的损伤。若更早地开展抗病毒治疗,通过重建免疫功能、降低免疫激活和炎性反应,可以减少这些并发症的风险。3.降低死亡率,近年来国内外大量的研究表明,早期抗病毒治疗能够降低HIV感染后患者的死亡率。来自欧洲和北美的研究结果表明,治疗时基线CD4越高,其艾滋病相关疾病及死亡的风险越低。4.不易导致耐药性,艾滋病病毒在抗病毒药物的压力下会增加病毒的变异,从而导致病毒耐药,但是,没有病毒复制就不会出现变异和耐药。所以,早进行抗病毒治疗就可以早控制病毒复制,不容易导致病毒耐药。5.降低传染风险,抗病毒治疗后,血中的病毒载量明显下降甚至检测不到,生殖道及其他组织的病毒载量随之下降,从而在高危情况下降低了传染的风险。
艾滋病临床症状多种多样,一般初期的开始症状象伤风,流感,全身疲劳无力,食欲减退,发热,体重减轻,随着病情加重,症状日见增多,如皮肤,粘肤出现白色念球菌感染,单纯疱疹,带状疱疹,紫斑,血肿,血疱,滞血斑,皮肤容易损伤,伤后出血不止等;以后渐渐侵犯内脏器官,不断出现原因不明的持续性发热,可长达3-4个月;还可出现咳嗽,气短,持续性腹泻便血,肝脾肿大,并发恶性肿瘤,呼吸困难等。由于症状复杂多变,每个患者并非上述所有症状全都出现。一般常见一、二种以上的症状。按受损器官来说,侵犯肺部时常出现呼吸困难,胸痛,咳嗽等;如侵犯胃肠可引起持续性腹泻,腹痛,消瘦无力等;如侵犯血管而引起血管性血栓性心内膜炎,血小板减少性脑出血等。西医西药疲以应对。
目前市场上抗艾中药和民族药复方制剂较少,临床效果以及抗皮肤黏膜病变和长期干预效果都不理想。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是解决至少上述问题,并提供至少后面将说明的优点。
本发明还有一个目的是提供一种含余甘子的药物组合物及其制备方法、制剂和抗艾应用。该中药口服后产生显著的抗菌抗病毒抗炎、提高机体免疫力等药理作用,使本发明具清热解毒,滋阴润燥,补益气血,补益肾脾,不仅有助于恢复患者正常体温,且调整内环境、扶正祛邪等功效,是一种治疗艾滋病的良药,疗效明显,无不良反应和毒副作用,适合长期干预,原料资源易获得。
为了实现根据本发明的这些目的和其它优点,提供了一种含余甘子的药物组合物,包括有效组分a,所述有效组分a包括以下重量份数的原料:余甘子10-30份、枸杞子1-10份、桑叶1-10份、荷叶1-10份、菊花1-10份、黄精1-10份、姜1-10份和甘草1-10份。
优选的是,还包括有效组分b,所述有效组分b包括以下重量份数的原料:余甘子叶和/或杜仲叶10-30份、黄芪1-10份、黄芩1-10份、丹参1-10份、党参1-10份、女贞子1-10份、金樱子1-10份、积雪草和/或茜草1-10份。
基于上述方案,本发明还提供了一种含余甘子的药物组合物的制备方法,按重量份数计,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将10-30份余甘子粉碎,用体积分数为80%-95%的乙醇溶液回流提取2-3次,每次提取1-2h,之后过滤,得第一滤液和第一滤渣,将第一滤液减压浓缩得相对密度为1.2-1.25的第一稠膏;
步骤二、将第一滤渣加水煎煮一次、过滤,在55℃下浓缩至相对密度为1.2-1.25的第二稠膏;
步骤三、将1-10份荷叶、1-10份黄精、1-10份姜、1-10份桑叶、1-10份菊花和1-10份甘草,以水煎煮3次,每次1-2h,过滤,得第二滤液,将第二滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.3-1.35的第三稠膏;
步骤四、将第一稠膏、第二稠膏和第三稠膏混合、干燥,并与粉碎后的1-10份的枸杞混合,即得有效组分a。
优选的是,还包括以下步骤:
步骤五、将10-30份的余甘子叶和/或杜仲叶粉碎,用体积分数为70%-75%的乙醇溶液回流提取2-3次,每次提取1-2h,之后过滤,得第三滤液和第三滤渣,将第三滤液减压浓缩得相对密度为1.15-1.2的第四稠膏;
步骤六、将1-10份黄芪、1-10份黄芩、1-10份丹参、1-10份党参、1-10份女贞子、1-10份金樱子、1-10份的积雪草和/或茜草,粉碎,混合,加水煎煮3-5次,过滤,得第四滤液,将第四滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.25-1.3的第五稠膏,将第五稠膏和第四稠膏混合,得有效组分b。
优选的是,将有效组分a与有效组分b按质量比1-3∶1混合。
基于上述方案,本发明还提供了一种基于权利要求3~5任一项所述的制备方法制得的药物组合物。
基于上述方案,本发明还提供了一种治疗艾滋病的药物制剂,由权利要求1、2或6所述的药物组合物和药学上可接受的辅料组成。所述辅料优选为:稀释剂为聚维酮、十八醇、十六醇、硬脂酸、枸橼酸、微晶纤维素、淀粉、乳糖、甘露醇和碳酸氢钠等中的一种或几种;崩解剂为羧甲基淀粉钠、低取代羟丙基甲基纤维素(L-HPC)、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等中的一种或几种;润滑剂为硬脂酸镁、滑石粉或微粉硅胶;包薄膜衣材料为羟丙基甲基纤维素、丙烯酸树脂系列、羧甲基纤维素和乙基纤维素等中的一种或几种;包薄膜衣材料为羟丙基甲基纤维素、丙烯酸树脂系列、羧甲基纤维素和乙基纤维素中的一种或几种;缓释制剂为干膏粉、骨架材料、崩解剂、稀释剂、润滑剂中的一种或几种。
优选的是,所述药物制剂的剂型为片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、丸剂、膏剂、酊剂或口服剂。
本发明提供一种含余甘子的药物组合物的用途及使用方法。
功效:清热解毒,滋阴润燥,补益气血,补益肾脾。
临床应用:艾滋病及其引起的皮肤病黏膜病变,多重感染等。
使用方法:口服:片剂:一次1~2片,每日1~2次;胶囊剂:一次1~2粒,每日1~2次;颗粒剂:一次1~2包(10g/包),每日1~2次;口服液:一次30~60ml,每日1~2次。或遵医嘱。
注意事项:孕妇慎服或忌服。
有效期:2-3年。
本发明至少包括以下有益效果:艾滋病病毒在人体血液中快速复制增长,消耗营养血清,使人体细胞失养,脏腑功能下降,致病人衰弱,本发明中药组合物内服外用兼顾抑制和杀灭艾滋病病毒,而且能够补充营血,改善血液循环,调整人体阴阳平衡,强健病人体质,内外结合治疗效果更加稳固,尤其适合长期干预应用。
本发明在中医理论的指导下,其是通过清热解毒(抗病毒病菌及其它微生物病原体)、扶正祛邪(增强人体自身免疫机能)相结合的原则来治疗艾滋病,同时借鉴了现代药理学研究的成果,筛选出符合本发明治则的中药,制出具有明显治疗效果的中药制剂产品。其组方原则为:清热解毒、降低体温、抗菌、抗病毒以及抑制和清除抗原的药材:余甘子、枸杞子、菊花、荷叶、黄精、姜、桑叶、甘草,该配方属于药食同源类,容易获得;扶正类药材:余甘子叶、杜仲叶、黄芪、黄芩、丹参、党参、女贞子、金樱子、积雪草、茜草,该配方增强病人体质,激发病人免疫系统,使免疫细胞数量增多,可用于药品和保健品。本发明的原料容易取得,服用方便、成本低,未见明显毒副作用,无不良反应,安全性高。在临床应用中疗效明显,应用推广价值高,对于改善艾滋病人临床症状,提高病人的生存生活质量效果显著。
该发明在艾滋病或HIV感染者早期应用治疗效果更明显。该发明在改善多种途径(如:经性传播感染及静脉吸毒)感染IIB期HIV/AIDS患者临床症状体征、提高患者生活质量、增强免疫功能方面临床疗效好,依据各项指标的治疗前后变化差异性与患者感染途径结合再优化治疗方案,针对不同感染途径用药。
该发明在治疗艾滋病皮肤病黏膜病变,如:反复口腔黏膜溃疡、单纯疱疹性口炎、脂溢性皮炎、全身皮疹瘙痒、湿疹、带状疱疹、痤疮,多种感染混合存在等,取得明显疗效,减少机会性感染,明显改善患者饮食睡眠及生活质量。
本发明还可应用于肝癌、乳腺癌、淋巴癌等多种恶性肿瘤化疗的辅助治疗和治疗,应用效果明显。
本发明的其它优点、目标和特征将部分通过下面的说明体现,部分还将通过对本发明的研究和实践而为本领域的技术人员所理解。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种含余甘子的药物组合物及其制备方法、制剂和抗艾应用。本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是,所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明。本发明的方法及应用已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述,相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的方法和应用进行改动或适当变更与组合来实现和应用本发明技术。
实施例1
一种含余甘子的药物组合物,包括有效组分a,所述有效组分a包括以下重量份数的原料:余甘子10份、枸杞子1份、桑叶1份、荷叶1份、菊花1份、黄精1份、姜1份和甘草1份。
本发明还提供了一种含余甘子的药物组合物的制备方法,按重量份数计,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将上述重量份的余甘子粉碎,用体积分数为80%的乙醇溶液回流提取2次,每次提取1h,之后过滤,得第一滤液和第一滤渣,将第一滤液减压浓缩得相对密度为1.2的第一稠膏;
步骤二、将第一滤渣加水煎煮一次、过滤,在55℃下浓缩至相对密度为1.2的第二稠膏;
步骤三、将上述重量份的荷叶、黄精、姜、桑叶、菊花和甘草,以水煎煮3次,每次1h,过滤,得第二滤液,将第二滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.3的第三稠膏;
步骤四、将第一稠膏、第二稠膏和第三稠膏混合、干燥,并与粉碎后的上述重量份的的枸杞混合,即得有效组分a,并制成片剂。
实施例2
一种含余甘子的药物组合物,包括有效组分a,所述有效组分a包括以下重量份数的原料:余甘子10份、枸杞子9份、桑叶9份、荷叶9份、菊花9份、黄精9份、姜9份和甘草9份。
还包括有效组分b,所述有效组分b包括以下重量份数的原料:余甘子叶10份、黄芪9份、黄芩9份、丹参9份、党参9份、女贞子9份、金樱子9份、积雪草9份。
本发明还提供了一种含余甘子的药物组合物的制备方法,按重量份数计,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将上述重量份的余甘子粉碎,用体积分数为95%的乙醇溶液回流提取3次,每次提取2h,之后过滤,得第一滤液和第一滤渣,将第一滤液减压浓缩得相对密度为1.25的第一稠膏;
步骤二、将第一滤渣加水煎煮一次、过滤,在55℃下浓缩至相对密度为1.25的第二稠膏;
步骤三、将上述重量份的荷叶、黄精、姜、桑叶、菊花和甘草,以水煎煮3次,每次2h,过滤,得第二滤液,将第二滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.35的第三稠膏;
步骤四、将第一稠膏、第二稠膏和第三稠膏混合、干燥,并与粉碎后的上述重量份的枸杞混合,即得有效组分a。
步骤五、将上述重量份的余甘子叶粉碎,用体积分数为75%的乙醇溶液回流提取3次,每次提取2h,之后过滤,得第三滤液和第三滤渣,将第三滤液减压浓缩得相对密度为1.2的第四稠膏;
步骤六、将上述重量份的黄芪、黄芩、丹参、党参、女贞子、金樱子、积雪草,粉碎,混合,加水煎煮5次,过滤,得第四滤液,将第四滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.3的第五稠膏,将第五稠膏和第四稠膏混合,得有效组分b。
步骤七、将有效组分a与有效组分b按质量比3∶1混合,干燥成粉末制成胶囊剂。
实施例3
一种含余甘子的药物组合物,包括有效组分a,所述有效组分a包括以下重量份数的原料:余甘子12份、枸杞子6份、桑叶3份、荷叶3份、菊花3份、黄精2份、姜2份和甘草2份。
还包括有效组分b,所述有效组分b包括以下重量份数的原料:杜仲叶12份、黄芪2份、黄芩4份、丹参2份、党参3份、女贞子3份、金樱子3份、茜草3份。
将实施例3中的有效组分a和b按1∶1混合,加入适量矫味剂、防腐剂、助悬剂或增溶剂,加水摇匀,灌装,即得口服液。
实施例4
一种含余甘子的药物组合物,包括有效组分a,所述有效组分a包括以下重量份数的原料:余甘子20份、枸杞子8份、桑叶6份、荷叶6份、菊花4份、黄精4份、姜4份和甘草4份。
还包括有效组分b,所述有效组分b包括以下重量份数的原料:余甘子叶18份、黄芪8份、黄芩8份、丹参6份、党参6份、女贞子5份、金樱子5份、茜草5份。
其中,有效组分b和有效组分a的配比为2∶1。
实施例5
一种含余甘子的药物组合物,包括有效组分a,所述有效组分a包括以下重量份数的原料:余甘子30份、枸杞子2份、桑叶2份、荷叶2份、菊花2份、黄精2份、姜2份和甘草2份。
实施例6
一种含余甘子的药物组合物,包括有效组分a,所述有效组分a包括以下重量份数的原料:余甘子25份、枸杞子3份、桑叶3份、荷叶7份、菊花6份、黄精6份、姜6份和甘草6份。
还包括有效组分b,所述有效组分b包括以下重量份数的原料:余甘子叶10份、杜仲叶5份、黄芪2份、黄芩3份、丹参3份、党参1份、女贞子6份、金樱子1份、积雪草2份、茜草3份。
实施例7
在实施例6的基础上,本发明还提供了一种治疗艾滋病的药物制剂,以所述药物组合物为有效成分,与药学上可接受的辅助成分共同组成。
实施例8
一种含余甘子的药物组合物,包括有效组分a,所述有效组分a包括以下重量份数的原料:余甘子25份、枸杞子10份、桑叶10份、荷叶6份、菊花6份、黄精2份、姜2份和甘草2份。
还包括有效组分b,所述有效组分b包括以下重量份数的原料:余甘子叶15份、黄芪2份、黄芩2份、丹参3份、党参3份、女贞子1份、金樱子1份、积雪草1份。
本发明还提供了一种含余甘子的药物组合物的制备方法,按重量份数计,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将上述重量份的余甘子粉碎,用体积分数为85%的乙醇溶液回流提取2次,每次提取1h,之后过滤,得第一滤液和第一滤渣,将第一滤液减压浓缩得相对密度为1.25的第一稠膏;
步骤二、将第一滤渣加水煎煮一次、过滤,在55℃下浓缩至相对密度为1.25的第二稠膏;
步骤三、将上述重量份的荷叶、黄精、姜、桑叶、菊花和甘草,以水煎煮3次,每次2h,过滤,得第二滤液,将第二滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.35的第三稠膏;
步骤四、将第一稠膏、第二稠膏和第三稠膏混合、干燥,并与粉碎后的上述重量份的枸杞混合,即得有效组分a。
步骤五、将上述重量份的余甘子叶粉碎,用体积分数为75%的乙醇溶液回流提取3次,每次提取2h,之后过滤,得第三滤液和第三滤渣,将第三滤液减压浓缩得相对密度为1.15的第四稠膏;
步骤六、将上述重量份的黄芪、黄芩、丹参、党参、女贞子、金樱子、积雪草,粉碎,混合,加水煎煮4次,过滤,得第四滤液,将第四滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.25的第五稠膏,将第五稠膏和第四稠膏混合,得有效组分b。
步骤七、将有效组分a与有效组分b按质量比2∶1混合加入辅料制成片剂。
为了说明本发明的治疗艾滋病的药物组合物的效果,以其制备的药物制剂进行下述临床研究,试验结果如下:
诊断标准根据1996年我国制定的HIV感染和AIDS的诊断标准。临床表现为反复口腔黏膜的单个或数个的溃疡,疼痛,全身皮肤皮疹瘙痒,痤疮,严重者影响患者饮食睡眠及生活质量。
病例资料,50例HIV感染初期患者,年龄在20-65岁之间,平均年龄34岁;男32例,女18例。
治疗效果:服药半年后,皮疹有效42例,无效8例,总有效率84%,溃疡:有效49例,无效1例,总有效98%。
典型病例1
艾滋病感染者赵某,2014年4月开始出现容易感冒,间歇性黏膜出现白念球菌感染,饮食减少,消化不良,精神差,消瘦、肢软无力、自汗、易感冒、脉象濡缓,失眠,容易惊醒,大便稀溏,测得CD4细胞计数为396个/ul,体重为56kg,相较于之前体重减少了15%左右,服用本发明实施例8制得片剂,每天三次,每次3片,3个月为1个疗程,1个月后白念球菌感染消失,半年后测CD4细胞计数为556个/ul,体重为65kg,食欲正常,消化好;大便正常,平均每天一次,,睡眠质量好,目前仍在服药。
典型病例2
艾滋病感染者肖某,2015年初确诊HIV感染,2014年8月开始消瘦,乏力,自汗、易感冒,平均每月1次,由于持续不断的口腔溃疡引起了食欲不振,消化不良,精神差,畏寒,时有反酸,吐清水,脉细数,舌淡白,经常腹泻,自服西药,未见好转,2015年初测得CD4细胞计数为408个/ul,2015年初开始服用本发明实施例8的药物,每天三次,每次3片,2015年8月,测CD4细胞计数为542个/ul,食欲正常,消化好,大便正常,精力充沛,睡眠质量好。
药效学实验研究
1艾滋病抗病毒实验
1.1CD4细胞的变化情况
利用本发明的有效组分a制得的制剂(实施例1)实验1组、以及有效组分a和有效组分b联用的制剂(实施例8)实验2组分别对100名艾滋病患者进行治疗6个月,3个月为一个疗程。
表1本发明治疗前后CD4变化情况(个/ul)
2环磷酰胺(CY)致免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响
小鼠60只,雌性雄性各半,体重18~22g,随机分成6组,其中5组造CY致小鼠免疫抑制模型,于给药的第1、2、3天,分别腹腔注射80mg/kg的环磷酰胺,于第1天,造模5组分别给药大、中、小剂量的实施例8的药片的混悬液(0.6g/ml,0.3g/ml、0.1g/ml),香菇多糖片混悬液(5mg/ml),同体积的生理盐水。另有1组为空白对照组,仅灌同体积的生理盐水。每天给药1次,连续给药7天。于第7天早上每鼠均腹腔注射5%鸡红细胞生理盐水液0.5ml,于第7天灌胃给药后2h,给鸡红细胞后4h,脱颈椎处死小鼠。腹腔注入汉氏液2.5ml,轻揉小鼠腹部,然后剪开小鼠腹部皮肤,在腹膜上剪一小孔,用吸管吸取腹腔液2ml置于试管中,混匀,吸取少许腹腔液滴于载玻片上,液点大小约1.5cm×2cm。将载玻片放在辅有湿纱布的搪瓷盘中,37℃孵育30min,生理盐水冲去附着的细胞,瑞氏染液染色,自来水冲洗晾干,显微镜下观察小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬情况,并计算吞噬百分率和吞噬指数,如表2所示。
吞噬百分率=100个巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的巨噬细胞数/100*100%
吞噬指数=100个巨噬细胞吞巨噬的鸡红细胞总数/100
表2本发明药物制剂对CY致免疫抑制小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响
组别 | 动物数(只) | 剂量(g/kg) | 吞噬百分率/% | 吞噬指数 |
空白对照组 | 10 | - | 50.2 | 0.68 |
模型组 | 10 | - | 33.7 | 0.52 |
香菇多糖片组 | 10 | 0.1 | 55.8 | 0.75 |
大剂量组 | 10 | 2 | 68.9 | 0.90 |
中剂量组 | 10 | 1.5 | 72.2 | 0.92 |
小剂量组 | 10 | 0.5 | 65.4 | 0.86 |
从上表可看出,与空白对照组比,模型组小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞对鸡红细胞的吞噬百分率和吞噬指数均显著降低,说明造免疫抑制模型成功。与模型组比,大、中、小剂量组和香菇多糖片组均可显著提高免疫抑制小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞对鸡红细胞的吞噬百分率和吞噬指数。以大、中剂量组作用为强。
3氢化可的松致免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响
小鼠60只,雌性雄性各半,体重18~22g,随机分成6组,其中5组造氢化可的松免疫抑制小鼠模型,于给药的前6天,每天分别皮下注射50mg/kg的氢化可的松注射液(分上午、下午两次皮下注射给药,每天总用量为50mg/kg)。于造模第1天,造模5组分别给药大、中、小剂量的实施例8的药片的混悬液(0.6g/ml,0.3g/ml、0.1g/ml),香菇多糖片混悬液(5mg/ml),同体积的生理盐水。另有1组为空白对照组,每鼠仅灌同体积的生理盐水。每天给药1次,连续给药7天。于7天早上各组小鼠均腹腔注射5%鸡红细胞生理盐水混悬液0.5ml,于第7天灌胃给药后2h,给鸡红细胞后4h,脱颈椎处死小鼠。腹腔注入汉氏液2.5ml,轻揉小鼠腹部,然后剪开小鼠腹部皮肤,在腹膜上剪一小孔,用吸管吸取腹腔液2ml置于试管中,混匀,吸取少许腹腔液滴于载玻片上,液点大小约为1.5cm×2cm。将载玻片放在辅有湿纱布的搪瓷盘中,37℃孵育30min,生理盐水冲去附着的细胞,瑞氏染液染色,自来水冲洗凉干,显微镜下观察小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬情况,并计算吞噬百分率和吞噬指数,如表3所示。
吞噬百分率=100个巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的巨噬细胞数/100*100%
吞噬指数=100个巨噬细胞吞巨噬的鸡红细胞总数/100
表3本发明药物制剂对氢化可的松致免疫抑制小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响
组别 | 动物数(只) | 剂量(g/kg) | 吞噬百分率/% | 吞噬指数 |
空白对照组 | 10 | - | 49.3 | 0.67 |
模型组 | 10 | - | 34.2 | 0.58 |
香菇多糖片组 | 10 | 0.1 | 50.1 | 0.69 |
大剂量组 | 10 | 2 | 58.4 | 0.86 |
中剂量组 | 10 | 1.5 | 60.3 | 0.90 |
小剂量组 | 10 | 0.5 | 52.6 | 0.76 |
从上表可看出,与空白对照组比,模型组小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬百分率和吞噬指数均显著降低,说明造免疫抑制模型成功。与模型组比,大、中、小剂量组和香菇多糖片组均可显著提高免疫抑制小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞对鸡红细胞的吞噬百分率和吞噬指数。以大、中剂量组作用为强。
4增强小鼠免疫力实验
实验对象:小鼠40只,雌性,体重18~22g,分为4组,每组10只,分别为对照组、高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组。
给药量分别是:大、中、小剂量的实施例8的药片(0.6g/ml,0.3g/ml、0.1g/ml),溶剂为蒸馏水,每天用药一次,用药30天。
表4受试药物对小鼠半数溶血值(HC50)的影响
*与对照组比较P<0.05
由表4可知,高剂量和中剂量组的小鼠抗体生成细胞数高于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上,但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用,它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域,对于熟悉本领域的人员而言,可容易地实现另外的修改,因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下,本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的实施例。
Claims (8)
1.一种含余甘子的药物组合物,其特征在于,包括有效组分a,所述有效组分a包括以下重量份数的原料:余甘子10-30份、枸杞子1-10份、桑叶1-10份、荷叶1-10份、菊花1-10份、黄精1-10份、姜1-10份和甘草1-10份。
2.如权利要求1所述的含余甘子的药物组合物,其特征在于,还包括有效组分b,所述有效组分b包括以下重量份数的原料:余甘子叶和/或杜仲叶10-30份、黄芪1-10份、黄芩1-10份、丹参1-10份、党参1-10份、女贞子1-10份、金樱子1-10份、积雪草和/或茜草1-10份。
3.一种含余甘子的药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,按重量份数计,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将10-30份余甘子粉碎,用体积分数为80%-95%的乙醇溶液回流提取2-3次,每次提取1-2h,之后过滤,得第一滤液和第一滤渣,将第一滤液减压浓缩得相对密度为1.2-1.25的第一稠膏;
步骤二、将第一滤渣加水煎煮一次、过滤,在55℃下浓缩至相对密度为1.2-1.25的第二稠膏;
步骤三、将1-10份荷叶、1-10份黄精、1-10份姜、1-10份桑叶、1-10份菊花和1-10份甘草,以水煎煮3次,每次1-2h,过滤,得第二滤液,将第二滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.3-1.35的第三稠膏;
步骤四、将第一稠膏、第二稠膏和第三稠膏混合、干燥,并与粉碎后的1-10份的枸杞混合,即得有效组分a。
4.如权利要求3所述的含余甘子的药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,还包括以下步骤:
步骤五、将10-30份的余甘子叶和/或杜仲叶粉碎,用体积分数为70%-75%的乙醇溶液回流提取2-3次,每次提取1-2h,之后过滤,得第三滤液和第三滤渣,将第三滤液减压浓缩得相对密度为1.15-1.2的第四稠膏;
步骤六、将1-10份黄芪、1-10份黄芩、1-10份丹参、1-10份党参、1-10份女贞子、1-10份金樱子、1-10份的积雪草和/或茜草,粉碎,混合,加水煎煮3-5次,过滤,得第四滤液,将第四滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.25-1.3的第五稠膏,将第五稠膏和第四稠膏混合,得有效组分b。
5.如权利要求4所述的含余甘子的药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,将有效组分a与有效组分b按质量比1-3∶1混合。
6.如权利要求3~5任一项所述的制备方法制得的药物组合物。
7.一种治疗艾滋病的药物制剂,其特征在于,由权利要求1、2或6所述的药物组合物和药学上可接受的辅料组成。
8.如权利要求7所述的药物制剂,其特征在于,所述药物制剂的剂型为片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、丸剂、膏剂、酊剂或口服剂。
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