A kind of jujube tree engrafting method
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant graft technical field, be specifically related to a kind of jujube tree engrafting method.
Background technology
Jujube tree, Classification system: Ziziphus jujuba Mill..Jujube tree is deciduous tree, high up to 10 meters, tree crown ovum
Shape.Bark taupe, bar splits.Branch has long shoot, brachyplast to divide with deciduous sprig.Long shoot bronzing, form of zigzag bends, light
Sliding, there are stipule thorn or stipule thorn inconspicuous;Alternate on brachyplast long shoot more than biennial;Deciduous sprig is relatively fine, without bud,
Bunch it is born on brachyplast, all falls with leaf after autumn.Leaf is avette, and to ovum shape oblong, tip blunt point, there is serration at edge, and base raw three goes out
Arteries and veins, blade face is glossy, and two sides is without hair.The 5-6 month blooms, and cyme axil is raw, spends little, yellow green.Drupe is avette to Long Circle, 8-
JIUYUE fruit is ripe, kermesinus time ripe.Pit is hard, two ends point.
The fruit of Fructus Jujubae is that tool stone (seed) is solid as Fructus Myricae rubrae, Fructus Persicae, Fructus Pruni salicinae, Fructus Pruni etc., and some kind is seedless.Fruit is generally in circle
Shape, elongated or oval (ellipsoid and spherical), the fruit of some kind is heart-shaped.The size fresh weight 5-50g of mature fruit, diameter
1-2cm, long 1.5-3.5cm, peel is thin, and smooth (glossy) is red or kermesinus time ripe.The crisp meat of white of Fructus Jujubae fruit is (really
Slurry), taste is the most delicious, tempting.Rich in vitamin C, the 300-600mg/100g of the Vitamin C content of fresh goods (Fructus Mali pumilae:
10mg, orange 30mg, kiwi fruit 100mg) every Fructus Jujubae fruit (mean size 15g) can provide 75mg vitamin C to meet each growing up
(Britain and U.S.'s index are respectively 75mg and 80mg, are exactly probably solar eclipse one Fructus Jujubae often said, doctor to recommend requirement the every day of people
Do not look for), Fructus Jujubae beyond doubt containing vitamin A and B, high sugar content (reaching the 22% of fresh weight) and soluble solids (reaching 38%) fresh Fructus Jujubae simultaneously
Nutritious and appetizing.
Compared with other propagation methods, propagation by grafiting jujube tree has the advantage that first, can keep the excellent of scion variety
Optimum shape.This is because scion is taken from the branch on excellent bearing tree or bud.Heritability is more stable, typically will not after grafting
Morph.Second, can be with precocity fruiting.Due to stock well developed root system, growing vigorous after grafting, branch is healthy and strong.3rd, Ke Yizeng
The resistance of strong jujube tree.But in actual planting process, propagation by grafiting also exists and various affects asking of jujube tree graft survival rate
Topic.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned deficiency present in prior art, the technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of jujube tree and transfers
Connect method.
The present invention seeks to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of jujube tree engrafting method, comprises the following steps:
(1) jujube tree scion is prepared;
(2) jujube tree scion is sealed with wax;
(3) grafting pre-treatment: utilize jujube tree grafting inorganic agent that jujube tree scion is soaked 2-12 hour;
(4) grafting.
Preferably, described step (1) is before soil is freeze-up, gathers jujube tree branch, respectively by described jujube tree from elite stand
Branch two diameter less than the part of 0.4cm and diameter the part more than 1cm wipe out, the jujube tree branch at two will be deducted with main bud
Being cut into jujube tree scion for unit, described jujube tree scion upper end is away from main bud 1-1.5cm, and its lower end is away from main bud 4-6.5cm.
Preferably, described step (2) is to be taken out, so the 0.1-1.9 second in the liquid of sealing with wax of jujube tree scion immersion 80-100 DEG C
Rear cooling 12-14 hour after, put into the freezer or cellar that temperature is 0-5 DEG C stores stand-by.
Preferably, described in liquid of sealing with wax prepared by following method: first paraffin is put in pot and heats, after its all fusing,
It is gradually added gum rosin under agitation and makes it all melt, i.e. obtaining the quality of liquid of sealing with wax, described paraffin and gum rosin
Than for (8-12): (2-4), temperature controls at 80-100 DEG C stand-by.
Preferably, described jujube tree grafting inorganic agent is prepared from by the raw material of following weight parts: Bulbus Allii 30-40 part, life
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens 20-30 part, Folium Momordicae Charantiae 15-25 part, peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco 15-25 part, ammonium nitrate 5-15 part, potassium nitrate 5-15 part, calcium chloride 1-5 part,
Magnesium sulfate 1-3 part, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-3 part, ferrous sulfate 0.1-0.3 part, naphthalene acetic acid 0.05-0.15 part, indolebutyric acid 0.05-
0.15 part, antibacterial 1-5 part, Zinc nutrition additive 2-12 part, ethanol 25-35 part, water 500-1500 part.
Preferably, described antibacterial is the mixture of one or more in oleanolic acid, berberine, ursolic acid.
It is highly preferred that described antibacterial is mixed by oleanolic acid, berberine, ursolic acid, described oleanolic acid, little
Bark of a cork tree alkali, the mass ratio (1-3) of ursolic acid: (1-3): (1-3).
Preferably, described Zinc nutrition additive is one or more in zinc gluconate, zinc sulfate, zinc citrate
Mixture.
It is highly preferred that described Zinc nutrition additive is mixed by zinc gluconate, zinc sulfate, zinc citrate, institute
State the mass ratio (1-3) of zinc gluconate, zinc sulfate, zinc citrate: (1-3): (1-3).
Concrete, in the present invention:
Bulbus Allii, Classification system: Allium sativum L. (Garlic), belong to Liliaceae Allium, be used as medicine with bulb.
Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens is Zingiberaceae herbaceos perennial Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens (Classification system: Zingiber officinale Roscoe)
Fresh rhizome.
Folium Momordicae Charantiae, for the leaf of cucurbitaceous plant Fructus Momordicae charantiae (Classification system: Momordica charantia Linn.).
Peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco, for the peel of rutaceae Citrus (Classification system: Citrus reticulata Blanco).
Ammonium nitrate, No. CAS: 6484-52-2.
Potassium nitrate, No. CAS: 7757-79-1.
Calcium chloride, No. CAS: 10043-52-4.
Magnesium sulfate, No. CAS: 7487-88-9.
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, No. CAS: 7778-77-0.
Ferrous sulfate, No. CAS: 8063-79-4.
Naphthalene acetic acid, No. CAS: 86-87-3.
Indolebutyric acid, i.e. indole-3-butyric acid, No. CAS: 133-32-4.
Ethanol, No. CAS: 64-17-5.
Zinc gluconate, No. CAS: 4468-02-4.
Zinc sulfate, No. CAS: 7733-02-0.
Zinc citrate, No. CAS: 546-46-3.
Oleanolic acid, No. CAS: 508-02-1.
Berberine, No. CAS: 2086-83-1.
Ursolic acid, No. CAS: 77-52-1.
The jujube tree engrafting method of the present invention, seals with wax to scion, will not go out in grafting procedures in long term storage, transport
Existing crack, it is possible to prevent jujube tree scion to be dried dehydration, improve the quality of jujube tree scion;Before jujube tree grafting, jujube tree is utilized to transfer
Jujube tree scion is soaked by the solution connecing inorganic agent;Due to the effect of jujube tree grafting inorganic agent, make jujube tree graft survival rate big
Width improves.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further, the following stated, is only the preferable enforcement to the present invention
Example, not does the restriction of other forms to the present invention, and any those skilled in the art are possibly also with the disclosure above
Technology contents be changed to the Equivalent embodiments that changes on an equal basis.Every without departing from the present invention program content, according to the present invention
Technical spirit any simple modification that following example are done or equivalent variations, all fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of jujube tree engrafting method, comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare jujube tree scion: at In The North of Xinjiang in early November, before soil is freeze-up, from elite stand, gather branch of Common Jujube
Bar, part and the diameter part more than 1cm that described jujube tree branch two diameter is less than 0.4cm respectively are wiped out, and will deduct two
The jujube tree branch of head is cut into jujube tree scion in units of main bud, and described jujube tree scion upper end is away from main bud 1.2cm, and its lower end is away from main bud
5cm, obtains 400 jujube tree scion;
(2) jujube tree scion is sealed with wax: first (paraffin is used " the Kunlun " board half fine work stone that Dushanzi, Xinjiang chemical plant produces
Wax, density is less than 0.9 gram/cc, and fusing point is at 47-64 DEG C) put in pot and heat, after its all fusing, at stirring bar
(using Shanghai City Da Feng Chemical trade company limited to produce, density is more than 1 gram/cc, molten to be gradually added gum rosin under part
Point is at 70-80 DEG C) and make it all melt, i.e. obtain sealing with wax liquid, and described paraffin is 10:2.5 with the mass ratio of gum rosin, temperature
Control stand-by at 85 DEG C;Jujube tree scion is sealed with wax in 85 DEG C of liquid of sealing with wax, arrests one, jujube tree scion, its 1/2 immersion is sealed with wax
In liquid 1.2 seconds, then arrest jujube tree scion other end, it other 1/2 is immersed in liquid of sealing with wax 1.2 seconds, notes making whole jujube tree
Scion all coats one layer of composition film of sealing with wax uniformly, after then cooling down 13 hours, puts in the freezer that temperature is 2 DEG C and stores
Stand-by;
(3) grafting pre-treatment: before grafting, utilize jujube tree grafting inorganic agent to jujube tree scion soak 6 hours, described 400
Jujube tree scion 1000kg jujube tree grafting inorganic agent soaks;
(4) grafting: the part of freezing to death on jujube tree stock top was cut off in first 1 day in grafting, and remove described jujube tree stock stem
5cm soil below base;In grafting first 1 hour, the top of jujube tree stock is cut off 1cm;By the top of described jujube tree stock during grafting
Portion cuts off 0.5cm again;Then the jujube tree scion after jujube tree grafting inorganic agent being utilized to soak is grafted onto on jujube tree stock, uses cleft grafting
Cutter splits mouth in stock central authorities, and its degree of depth can be inserted with scion bevel and be as the criterion, and scion is inserted and makes scion and stock cambium layer
Fit tightly;Colligation jujube tree scion and jujube tree stock, colligation use Binding material be thickness be the polyvinyl chloride plastic of 0.01mm
Material thin film.
Described jujube tree grafting inorganic agent is prepared from by the raw material of following weight parts: 35 parts of Bulbus Allii, 25 parts of Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, Fructus Momordicae charantiae
20 parts of leaf, peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco 20 parts, ammonium nitrate 10 parts, potassium nitrate 10 parts, 3 parts of calcium chloride, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 parts, sulfur
Ferrous 0.15 part of acid, naphthalene acetic acid 0.08 part, indolebutyric acid 0.08 part, antibacterial 3 parts, Zinc nutrition additive 6 parts, ethanol 30
Part, 1000 parts of water.Antibacterial is added in ethanol and is uniformly mixed, obtain bactericidal liquid;Again by Bulbus Allii, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, Folium Momordicae Charantiae, Citrus chachiensis Hort.
Pericarpium Citri tangerinae is crushed to 80 mesh and adds 85 DEG C of water, and keep water temperature be 85 DEG C soak 2 hours after, add bactericidal liquid, ammonium nitrate, nitric acid
The stirring mixing of potassium, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, naphthalene acetic acid, indolebutyric acid, Zinc nutrition additive is all
Even, then use 180 mesh filter-cloth filterings i.e. to obtain jujube tree grafting inorganic agent.
Described antibacterial is uniformly mixed by oleanolic acid, berberine, ursolic acid 1:1:1 in mass ratio and obtains.
Described Zinc nutrition additive is by zinc gluconate, zinc sulfate, zinc citrate 1:1:1 in mass ratio stirring mixing
Uniformly obtain.
Embodiment 2
Substantially the same manner as Example 1, differ only in: described antibacterial is by berberine, ursolic acid 1:1 in mass ratio
It is uniformly mixed and obtains.
Embodiment 3
Substantially the same manner as Example 1, differ only in: described antibacterial is by oleanolic acid, ursolic acid in mass ratio
1:1 is uniformly mixed and obtains.
Embodiment 4
Substantially the same manner as Example 1, differ only in: described antibacterial is by oleanolic acid, berberine in mass ratio
1:1 is uniformly mixed and obtains.
Embodiment 5
Substantially the same manner as Example 1, differ only in: described Zinc nutrition additive is by zinc sulfate, zinc citrate
1:1 in mass ratio is uniformly mixed and obtains.
Embodiment 6
Substantially the same manner as Example 1, differ only in: described Zinc nutrition additive is by zinc gluconate, Fructus Citri Limoniae
Acid zinc 1:1 in mass ratio is uniformly mixed and obtains.
Embodiment 7
Substantially the same manner as Example 1, differ only in: described Zinc nutrition additive is by zinc gluconate, sulphuric acid
Zinc 1:1 in mass ratio is uniformly mixed and obtains.
Test case 1
Survival rate after the jujube tree scion grafting of embodiment 1-7 is added up.Concrete outcome is shown in Table 1.
Table 1: test result table
|
Survival rate, % |
Embodiment 1 |
99.5 |
Embodiment 2 |
95 |
Embodiment 3 |
92.3 |
Embodiment 4 |
93 |
Embodiment 5 |
97.5 |
Embodiment 6 |
96 |
Embodiment 7 |
97 |
Comparing embodiment 1 and embodiment 2-4, embodiment 1 (oleanolic acid, berberine, ursolic acid are compounding) survival rate test
Result is substantially better than embodiment 2-4 (in oleanolic acid, berberine, ursolic acid, any two kinds compound);Comparing embodiment 1 and enforcement
Example 5-7, embodiment 1 (zinc gluconate, zinc sulfate, zinc citrate compound Fructus Vitis viniferae) survival rate test result is substantially better than embodiment
5-7 (in zinc gluconate, zinc sulfate, zinc citrate, arbitrarily the two is compounding).