CN106069221B - A kind of sweet tea persimmon engrafting method for anvil fringe affinity difference - Google Patents
A kind of sweet tea persimmon engrafting method for anvil fringe affinity difference Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of sweet tea persimmon engrafting methods for anvil fringe affinity difference, comprising the following steps: (1) stock is cultivated；(2) acquisition and processing of scion；(3) grafting period and method, 15 DEG C of mean daily temperature progress on daytime, 10-15cm is truncated stock from the ground, is chamfer away from section about 1.0cm with 45 ° of inclination angle, downward longitudinal sectional about 1.0cm, removes the stock cut off, simple bud is stayed in scion at stock section 1/4~1/3；(4) seedling management after grafting.Present invention combination cleft graft and plate budding method advantage, effectively mitigate in sweet tea persimmon nursery production and causes the problem that seedling growth gesture is weak, survival rate is low since anvil fringe affinity is weak, there is the ratio for cracking and expanding lower than cleft graft, plate budding 8.10%, 20.23% in nursery stock interface smooth, graft union；Anvil fringe healing time is short simultaneously, and seedling growth gesture is prosperous by force, and outplanting rate improves 11.73%, 24.76% compared with cleft grafting, plate budding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit nursery stock raising technology fields, especially relate to a kind of new method of persimmon grafting, especially
The sweet tea persimmon graft seedling growth poor suitable for anvil fringe affinity.
Background technique
China is that the most important Diospyros country of origin and maximum persimmon producing country, calamander germ plasm resource are rich in the world
Richness, persimmon plantation is with a long history, and national persimmon yield in 2014 is 373.08 ten thousand tons, and the 2.25% of Zhan Quanguo fruits output, account for generation
Ninety percent or more of boundary's persimmon yield.Persimmon is classified according to the sweet tea of fruit when harvesting from tree is puckery, is broadly divided into sweet tea persimmon and puckery persimmon
Two major classes, traditional " eat persimmon and choose soft pinch ", refer to puckery persimmon (Pollination-constant astringent,
PCA), such as common Mopan Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. Mopanshi)；Sweet tea persimmon (Pollination-constant
Nonastringent, PCNA) fruit it is mature in the tree when take away the puckery taste naturally, do not need manually to take away the puckery taste after adopting, as apple, pears
It peels crisp food.
China Hubei Province, Henan, Wan San save the Da Bie Mountain area having a common boundary, and are dispersed with sweet tea persimmon germ plasm resource most ancient in the world, are also
The sweet tea persimmon germplasm that China uniquely originates in so far, center producing region be Luotian County, Hubei Province, Macheng City, Henan Province Shangcheng County,
Also there are a small amount of distribution in Jinzhai County, Anhui Province, Tuanfeng County, the Yingshan County in Hubei Province, and area reaches 8000km2, and quantity is up to 300,000 plants, especially
With Luotian County's sweet tea persimmon distribution area maximum, variety type is most, and cultivation history at most, therefore is known as " Luotian sweet tea persimmon ".According to Luotian County
" the sweet tea persimmon in bamboo plantation, shared for two " is recorded in 10 years Ming Dynasty's Jiajin Year (away from modern more than 400 years) contract of breaking up the family of preservation；According to another
Historical Data Data About, described in " Luotian county annals " " auspicious different " section of writing between clear Kangxu's year " the Song Mingdao first year (1032 Christian eras), it is yellow
State tangerine wood and kaki connect branch ", Luotian County belongs to Huangzhou administration the Song Dynasty, it can be seen that Luotian sweet tea persimmon has the history of nearly one thousand years, compared with day
This ancient sweet tea persimmon kind " buddhist persimmon ball " (Diospyros kaki Thunb. Zenjimaru) (being found for Christian era 1214) is also
It is 180 years early.
About 340,000 mu of persimmon cultivated area of Japan, principal item are that rich, Ping Hewu is accounted for, knife root is early raw, this loose morning is raw
The kinds such as rich, Xi Cun morning life.Japan occupy rank first in sweet tea persimmon breed breeding field.In recent years, China various regions phase
After having introduced Japanese Sweet Persimmon kind, and establish production base.
Persimmon common stock in China's is the fruit of date plum (Diospyros lotus Linn.), and various regions are according to local Diospyros
Resource also has the wild persimmon of selection, wild kaki persimmon, Zhejiang persimmon and this anvil.In persimmon nursery production, common engrafting method is cleft grafting, embedding bud
Connect, cut-grafting, the methods of side grafting, it is strong in anvil fringe affinity, such as Mopan Persimmon and fruit of date plum combination, various engrafting methods using it
Survival rate and the growth potential of nursery stock do not make significant difference；And when anvil fringe affinity is weaker, various engrafting methods produce
Raw certain drawbacks, growth potential is weak, interface expands and survival rate is low etc., the Japanese Sweet Persimmon kind especially introduced, no
Same sweet tea persimmon kind has differences in terms of anvil fringe affinity from different stock types, and both sides are in external engagement after leading to grafting
It is directly affected in terms of situation and internal structure, physiological status and late growth gesture.
For prior art problem, a kind of persimmon grafting new method how is created, in persimmon nursery production, especially sweet tea
In the production of persimmon seedling-wood breeding, effectively mitigates and cause that seedling growth gesture is weak, survival rate is low and interface since anvil fringe affinity is weak
The problem for the difference that heals seems especially urgent in sweet tea persimmon nursery production.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve existing to cause that sweet tea persimmon seedling growth gesture is weak, graft survival rate is low and connects since anvil fringe affinity is weak
The problem of mouth healing difference, the present invention provides the grafting new methods of a kind of combination persimmon cleft graft and plate budding method advantage.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
Sweet tea persimmon engrafting method for anvil fringe affinity difference of the invention, comprising the following steps: (1) stock is cultivated；(2) it connects
The acquisition and processing of fringe；(3) grafting period and operating method；(4) management of seedling after grafting, the processing side of step (3) grafting
Method is as follows:
Stock processing: stock is being truncated apart from ground 10-15cm with secateurs, scabbles section, selects smooth straight side,
Apart from section about 1.0cm with the oblique partial application in 45 ° of inclination angle, as deep as the xylem 1/4~1/3 of stock；Section edge with
Then the oblique partial application in 30 ° of inclination angle uses knife downward longitudinal sectional about 1.0cm at the 1/4~1/3 of stock section, with crosscutting knife
Mouth connects, and removes the stock of excision, forms 1 45 ° of " wedge mouth "；
Scion processing: simple bud is stayed in scion, in the side that the side of bud is concordant with the leaf scar buddered, is whittled into and is about 1.0cm's
Long bevel, slightly band xylem；It is opposite with long bevel at the leaf scar lower part 1.2cm that budders, with 45 ° of inclination angle beveling truncation bud
Then top scion of buddering, section lower part is truncated with 45 ° of inclination angle beveling at 0.5cm right above buddering in the scion of body lower part
It is concordant with sprout lower part；
The engagement of anvil fringe: the long bevel buddered is close to the longitudal section of stock, " the wedge mouth " of stock is downwardly into, to one side
Forming layer, the long bevel top of scion and oblique section top is all exposed a little cortex, accomplish inner abutting, side alignment, exposed skin, so
It is quickly tight with plastic film bondage afterwards；
Grafting film and bondage: selecting the polyethylene film of 0.01mm, is cut into the band of wide 1.5cm, the long cm of 30 cm~40
Item is flatly from bottom to top tied up notch and the place that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally sternly with monofilm, and bondage pays attention to obturaging stock section and top of buddering
Section, stock is avoided and the withered death of dehydration of buddering, while exposing and buddering, in order to avoid wound tannin oxidizing blackening of buddering is made
It rots at sprout.
In step (1), stock is the fruit of date plum, and using conventional seed planting method for culturing seedlings, nursery stock rugosity reaches at the 10cm of ground
When to 0.8cm or more, grafting operation is carried out.
In step (2), scion should acquire sprout raw young sprout of full, healthy and strong, without disease pest harm current year, can combine winter
Trimming carries out scion acquisition and stores；In 30mg kg before scion storage-1NAA solution quickly pour and dip in, when in favor of extending storage
Between；Scion is imbedded in wet river sand, and to hold, agglomerating, loose one's grip dissipates for degree water content；Scion is embedded to 60 ° of inclination angle
In river sand, the upper half is exposed outside husky, is then filled with the river sand of a thickness about 10-15cm, such one layer of river sand of row scion is successively
It carries out；The humidity of a river sand was checked every 10~15 days, if sand surface is whitened, holding cannot be agglomerating, pays attention to timely moisturizing.
In step (3), the time of grafting is selected in 15 DEG C of mean daily temperature on daytime, the scale of buddering of scion start to reveal it is green, this
Period stock has begun rudiment.
In step (3), grafting tool selects sharp secateurs and grafting knife；Guarantee that section and the bevel of stock and scion are flat
Sliding, when operation, emphasizes " short, flat, fast, quasi- ", reduces the wound aerial residence time to the greatest extent, and interface wrapping is tight when bondage,
Impermeable gas leakage.
In step (4), focus on the diseases such as leafeating insects and anthracnose such as prevention and treatment Hypocala moorei, slug moth, caterpillar, chafer
The harm of worm.
Budder young sprout growth period of sprouting is subject to the danger of the leafeating insects such as Hypocala moorei, slug moth, caterpillar, chafer
It is raw to seriously affect nursery stock up to 90% or more for evil, especially Hypocala moorei larval feeding terminal bud and tender leaf, the aggrieved rate of terminal bud
It is long；Mountain area and knob nursery are also subject to the harm of chafer, and imago feeding spire causes blade to incise impaired, sternly
The only surplus vein of weight, chafer is explosive strong, should prevent and treat check at any time, if 5% blade occurs aggrieved, should select 20% first in time
EC1500 times of EC2000 times of Cyano chrysanthemate or 50% phoxim, to complete stool blade spraying 1~2 time.
During the growth of seedling of nursery, under the conditions of high temperature and humidity, anthracnose of kaki morbidity is more serious.It is generated on petiole or vein
1~2 small scab of black, round or strip, petiole easily fracture at scab, cause to fall leaves.Young sprout catch an illness initially occur it is black
The small round spot of color, after expand as brown ellipse or irregular shape, depression in centre, lobe, scab is about 10~20mm, when scab is more
It is blocky to be often linked to be irregular strip, internal xylem blackening is withered, easily fractures, death of seedling when serious.4~May
Early stage selects protectiveness medicament to be prevented and treated, and 1:5:400 Bordeaux mixture can be selected, 80% M-45WP600 times of big life is sprayed 1
~2 times.
To the coppice spout branch of near graft union and lower part stock, should be erased in time, it is primary every 10~15 days.It is infused when fertilising
Meaning is had many meals but little food at eath, and imposes urea or compound fertilizer 15kg per acre, company applies 2~3 times, every minor tick 20~30 days, while foliage-spray
0.3% urea 1~2 time.When the water shortage of nursery, it should pour water in time.
The positive effect of the present invention is as follows:
1, high graft survival rate, anvil fringe healing time is short, and seedling growth gesture is prosperous by force, and outplanting rate is respectively compared with cleft grafting, plate budding
Improve 11.73%, 24.76%.
2, in conjunction with cleft graft and plate budding method advantage, effectively mitigate in sweet tea persimmon nursery production since anvil fringe affinity is weak and
The problem that seedling growth gesture is weak, survival rate is low, nursery stock interface smooth are caused, it is low that the ratio for cracking and expanding difference occurs in graft union
In cleft graft, plate budding 8.10%, 20.23%.
3, using simple bud whip grafting, scion is saved, production cost is low.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: stock processing schematic；
In figure, 1- anvil sheet (height 10-15cm), 2- stock section, the section 3- edge scarf (30 degree of angles), 4- stock are vertical
Cut place (1/4-1/3 wood rear portion), the oblique section 5- (45 degree of angle wedge mouths), the longitudinal sectional stock (length 1.0cm) of 6-.
Fig. 2: scion processing schematic；
In figure, 1- budders, on 2- leaf scar, 3- long bevel (1.0cm incidentally xylem), 4- lower section (45 degree of truncations), 5-
Section (45 degree of truncation tops, away from bud 0.5cm, section lower part is concordant with sprout lower part on section top).
Fig. 3: the Stockscion combination schematic diagram after bondage；
In figure, 1- stock section (bondage film), 2- scion upper section (bondage film), 3- scion cutting face (stock wedge
Mouthful top shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally), 4- long bevel (showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally at stock beveling), 5- plastic film.
The survival rate schematic diagram that Fig. 4: Yang Fengtian persimmon is buddered in the processing of different grafting times；
I-method of the invention, II-cleft graft, III-plate budding method.
The survival rate schematic diagram that Fig. 5: Yang Fengtian persimmon is buddered in the processing of different bondage methods；
I-sprout exposing+stock and scion section obturage, II-sprout+stock and scion section are obturaged, III-sprout+stock
And scion section is exposed, IV-sprout obturage+stock and scion section it is exposed.
Specific embodiment
The following examples are a further detailed description of the invention.
Embodiment 1
As illustrated in the accompanying drawings from 1 to 3, the sweet tea persimmon engrafting method for anvil fringe affinity difference of the invention, comprising the following steps:
(1) stock is cultivated；(2) acquisition and processing of scion；(3) grafting period and operating method；(4) management of seedling after grafting, step
Suddenly the processing method of (3) grafting is as follows:
Stock processing: stock is being truncated apart from ground 10-15cm with secateurs, scabbles section, selects smooth straight side,
Apart from section about 1.0cm with the oblique partial application in 45 ° of inclination angle, as deep as the xylem 1/4~1/3 of stock；Section edge with
Then the oblique partial application in 30 ° of inclination angle uses knife downward longitudinal sectional about 1.0cm at the 1/4~1/3 of stock section, with crosscutting knife
Mouth connects, and removes the stock of excision, forms 1 45 ° of " wedge mouth "；
Scion processing: simple bud is stayed in scion, in the side that the side of bud is concordant with the leaf scar buddered, is whittled into and is about 1.0cm's
Long bevel, slightly band xylem；It is opposite with long bevel at the leaf scar lower part 1.2cm that budders, with 45 ° of inclination angle beveling truncation bud
Then top scion of buddering, section lower part is truncated with 45 ° of inclination angle beveling at 0.5cm right above buddering in the scion of body lower part
It is concordant with sprout lower part；
The engagement of anvil fringe: the long bevel buddered is close to the longitudal section of stock, " the wedge mouth " of stock is downwardly into, to one side
Forming layer, the long bevel top of scion and oblique section top is all exposed a little cortex, accomplish inner abutting, side alignment, exposed skin, so
It is quickly tight with plastic film bondage afterwards；
Grafting film and bondage: selecting the polyethylene film of 0.01mm, is cut into the band of wide 1.5cm, the long cm of 30 cm~40
Item is flatly from bottom to top tied up notch and the place that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally sternly with monofilm, and bondage pays attention to obturaging stock section and top of buddering
Section, stock is avoided and the withered death of dehydration of buddering, while exposing and buddering, in order to avoid wound tannin oxidizing blackening of buddering is made
It rots at sprout.
In step (1), stock is the fruit of date plum, and using conventional seed planting method for culturing seedlings, nursery stock rugosity reaches at the 10cm of ground
When to 0.8cm or more, grafting operation is carried out.
In step (2), scion should acquire sprout raw young sprout of full, healthy and strong, without disease pest harm current year, can combine winter
Trimming carries out scion acquisition and stores；In 30mg kg before scion storage-1NAA solution quickly pour and dip in, when in favor of extending storage
Between；Scion is imbedded in wet river sand, and to hold, agglomerating, loose one's grip dissipates for degree water content；Scion is embedded to 60 ° of inclination angle
In river sand, the upper half is exposed outside husky, is then filled with the river sand of a thickness about 10-15cm, such one layer of river sand of row scion is successively
It carries out；The humidity of a river sand was checked every 10~15 days, if sand surface is whitened, holding cannot be agglomerating, pays attention to timely moisturizing.
In step (3), the time of grafting is selected in 15 DEG C of mean daily temperature on daytime, the scale of buddering of scion start to reveal it is green, this
Period stock has begun rudiment.
In step (3), grafting tool selects sharp secateurs and grafting knife；Guarantee that section and the bevel of stock and scion are flat
Sliding, when operation, emphasizes " short, flat, fast, quasi- ", reduces the wound aerial residence time to the greatest extent, and interface wrapping is tight when bondage,
Impermeable gas leakage.
In step (4), leafeating insect prevention and treatment: when 5% or more blade occur leafeating insect (Hypocala moorei, slug moth,
Caterpillar, chafer) it is aggrieved when, EC1500 times of EC2000 times of 20% Fenpropathrin or 50% phoxim are selected in time, to complete stool leaf
Piece is 1~2 time spraying；
Anthracnose of kaki prevention and treatment: 4~May early stage, select protectiveness medicament prevented and treated, can be selected 1:5:400 wave
You have M-45WP600 times of the life greatly of more liquid, 80% 1~2 time by spraying；
To the coppice spout branch of near graft union and lower part stock, should be erased in time, it is primary every 10~15 days；
Pay attention to having many meals but little food at eath when fertilising, imposes urea or compound fertilizer 15kg per acre, company applies 2~3 times, every minor tick 20~30
It, while 0.3% urea of foliage-spray 1~2 time.When the water shortage of nursery, it should pour water in time.
2 specific application example of embodiment
In Luotian County, Hubei Province Hubei, food is that day medicine company limited liability company sweet tea persimmon nursery stock production base tests the present invention
Method.
(1) stock is cultivated
Stock is the fruit of date plum, and using conventional seed planting method for culturing seedlings, nursery stock rugosity reaches 0.8cm or more at the 10cm of ground
When, meet grafting operation requirement.
(2) acquisition and processing of scion
Scion sweet tea persimmon kind is Yang Feng.Sprout raw young sprout of full, healthy and strong, without disease pest harm current year is acquired, in conjunction with winter
Trimming carries out scion acquisition and stores.In 30mg kg before scion storage-1NAA solution quickly pour and dip in, when in favor of extending storage
Between.Scion is imbedded in wet river sand, and to hold, agglomerating, loose one's grip dissipates for degree water content.Scion is embedded to 60 ° of inclination angle
In river sand, the upper half is exposed outside husky, is then filled with the river sand of a thickness about 10-15cm, such one layer of river sand of row scion is successively
It carries out.Check within each 10-15 days the humidity of a river sand, if sand surface is whitened, holding cannot be agglomerating, pays attention to timely moisturizing.
(3) grafting period
Daytime 15 DEG C of mean daily temperature, the scale of buddering of scion starts to reveal green, this period stock has begun rudiment, grafting
Survival rate highest.
It is analyzed by attached drawing 4, using positive Feng Tian persimmon as test material, three kinds of distinct methods, under condition of different temperatures, grafting survival
There are significant differences for rate.At 15 DEG C of temperature, this method, cleft grafting, plate budding graft survival rate be respectively 97.62%, 93.51%,
84.68%, respectively compared with 10 DEG C of temperature when improve 15.28%, 11.67%, 16.53%, main cause be temperature it is too low, scion is buddered
The time of film endoperidium is long, and the tanning matter of wound encounters oxygen and is oxidized, and causes to black and rot；20 DEG C of temperature
When graft survival rate it is minimum, main cause is buddering to have begun and expanding sprouting for scion at this time, and stock, which has begun, to come into leaves, and transfers
Interface healing is more difficult.
(4) concrete operation method is grafted
Attached drawing 1 is shown in stock processing.Fruit of date plum stock is being truncated apart from ground 10-15cm with secateurs, scabbles section, selects light
Sliding straight side, apart from section about 1.0cm with the oblique partial application in 45 ° of inclination angle, as deep as the xylem 1/4~1/3 of stock；
At section edge with the oblique partial application in 30 ° of inclination angle, then with knife at the 1/4~1/3 of stock section downwards it is longitudinal sectional about
1.0cm connects with the crosscutting edge of a knife, removes the stock of excision, forms 1 45 ° of " wedge mouth ".
Attached drawing 2 is shown in scion processing.Simple bud is stayed in scion, in the side that the side of bud is concordant with the leaf scar buddered, is whittled into and is about
The long bevel of 1.0cm, slightly band xylem；It is opposite with long bevel at the leaf scar lower part 1.2cm that budders, it is chamfer with 45 ° of inclination angle
The scion of sprout lower part is truncated, top scion of buddering then is truncated with 45 ° of inclination angle beveling at 0.5cm right above buddering, is cut
Face lower part is concordant with sprout lower part.
Attached drawing 3 is shown in the engagement of anvil fringe.The long bevel buddered is close to the longitudal section of stock, is downwardly into " the wedge mouth " of stock,
To the forming layer of one side, the long bevel top of scion and oblique section top are all exposed a little cortex, accomplish inner abutting, side to its,
Exposed skin, it is then quickly tight with plastic film bondage.
Attached drawing 3 additionally provides grafting film and bondage method.The polyethylene film for selecting 0.01mm, is cut into wide 1.5cm, length
The tape of the cm of 30 cm~40 is flatly from bottom to top tied up notch and the place that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally sternly with monofilm, and bondage pays attention to obturaging stock
Section and the section on top of buddering avoid stock and the withered death of dehydration of buddering, while exposing and buddering, in order to avoid wound of buddering
Mouth tannin oxidizing blackening causes sprout to rot.
In grafting procedures, grafting tool, including the requirement of secateurs, grafting knife are sharp, guarantee the section of stock and scion and cut
Face is smooth, and when operation emphasizes " short, flat, fast, quasi- ", reduces the wound aerial residence time to the greatest extent, and interface is wrapped up when bondage
Tightly, impermeable gas leakage.
It is analyzed by attached drawing 5, using positive Feng Tian persimmon as test material, film bondage method of the invention and bondage are that exposing sprout is same
When stock and scion section obturage, graft survival rate highest reaches 97.62%, seals respectively compared with sprout+stock and scion section
Sternly, sprout+stock and scion section is exposed, sprout obturage+stock and the exposed three kinds of methods of scion section be higher by 4.04%,
26.57%, 29.13%, main cause is stock and scion dehydration, causes to dry up.
(5) management of seedling after grafting
Budder young sprout growth period of sprouting is subject to the danger of the leafeating insects such as Hypocala moorei, slug moth, caterpillar, chafer
Evil, especially Hypocala moorei larval feeding terminal bud and tender leaf, the aggrieved rate of terminal bud seriously affect seedling growth up to 90% or more；
Mountain area and knob nursery are also subject to the harm of chafer, and imago feeding spire causes blade to incise impaired, and serious
Surplus vein, chafer is explosive strong, should prevent and treat check at any time, if 5% blade occurs aggrieved, should select 20% first cyanogen chrysanthemum in time
EC1500 times of EC2000 times of ester or 50% phoxim, to complete stool blade spraying 1~2 time.
During the growth of seedling of nursery, under the conditions of high temperature and humidity, anthracnose of kaki morbidity is more serious.It is generated on petiole or vein
1~2 small scab of black, round or strip, petiole easily fracture at scab, cause to fall leaves.Young sprout catch an illness initially occur it is black
The small round spot of color, after expand as brown ellipse or irregular shape, depression in centre, lobe, scab is about 10-20mm, when scab is more
It is blocky to be often linked to be irregular strip, internal xylem blackening is withered, easily fractures, death of seedling when serious.4-5 month is sent out
Sick initial stage selects protectiveness medicament to be prevented and treated, can be selected 1:5:400 Bordeaux mixture, 80% big raw M-45WP600 times by spraying 1~
2 times.
To the coppice spout branch of near graft union and lower part stock, should be erased in time, it is primary every 10~15 days.It is infused when fertilising
Meaning is had many meals but little food at eath, and imposes urea or compound fertilizer 15kg per acre, company applies 2~3 times, every minor tick 20~30 days, while foliage-spray
0.3% urea 1~2 time.When the water shortage of nursery, it should pour water in time.
It is analyzed by table 1, using positive Feng Tian persimmon as test material, this method graft survival rate highest is improved compared with cleft grafting, plate budding respectively
4.11%, 12.94%, the rugosity apart from ground 10cm of nursery stock reaches 1.27cm, respectively compared with cleft grafting, plate budding improve 2.42%,
33.68%, seedling height reaches 152cm, respectively compared with cleft grafting, plate budding improve 9.35%, 43.40%, the outplanting rate of nursery stock respectively compared with
Cleft grafting, plate budding improve 11.73%, 24.76%, and the actual use resultant effect of this method is better than cleft grafting and plate budding.
The graft union healing of the method for the present invention is high, effectively mitigate in sweet tea persimmon nursery production since anvil fringe affinity is weak and
The problem that seedling growth gesture is weak, survival rate is low, nursery stock interface smooth are caused, the ratio that graft union occurs cracking and expand is only
2.86%, respectively lower than cleft graft, plate budding 8.10%, 20.23%.
Table 1: different grafting methods handle growth potential/Yang Fengtian persimmon of survival rate and nursery stock
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of variations, modification, replacement can be carried out to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of sweet tea persimmon engrafting method for anvil fringe affinity difference, comprising the following steps: (1) stock is cultivated；(2) scion is adopted
Collection and processing；(3) grafting period and operating method；(4) management of seedling after grafting, it is characterised in that: step (3) grafting
Concrete operations processing method it is as follows:
Stock processing: stock is being truncated apart from ground 10-15cm with secateurs, scabbles section, selects smooth straight side, away from
From section about 1.0cm with the oblique partial application in 45 ° of inclination angle, as deep as the xylem 1/4~1/3 of stock；At section edge with 30 °
Then the oblique partial application in inclination angle uses knife downward longitudinal sectional about 1.0cm at the 1/4~1/3 of stock section, with crosscutting edge of a knife phase
It connects, removes the stock of excision, form 1 45 ° of " wedge mouth "；
Scion processing: simple bud is stayed in scion, in the side that the side buddered is concordant with the leaf scar buddered, is whittled into the length for being about 1.0cm
Bevel, slightly band xylem；It is opposite with long bevel at the leaf scar lower part 1.2cm that budders, it is buddered with 45 ° of inclination angle beveling truncation
Lower part scion, then the inclination angle beveling truncation right above budder at 0.5cm with 45 ° are buddered top scion, section lower part and
Lower part of buddering is concordant；
The engagement of anvil fringe: the long bevel of scion is close to the longitudal section of stock, is downwardly into " the wedge mouth " of stock, is aligned the shape of side
Stratification, the long bevel top of scion and oblique section top are all exposed a little cortex, accomplish inner abutting, and side is aligned, exposed skin, then fastly
Speed is tight with polyethylene film bondage；
Grafting film and bondage: selecting the polyethylene film of 0.01mm, is cut into the tape of wide 1.5cm, the long cm of 30 cm~40, with
Monofilm flatly from bottom to top ties up notch and the place that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally sternly, and bondage pays attention to obturaging the disconnected of stock section and scion top
Face avoids stock and the withered death of dehydration of buddering, while exposing and buddering, in case scion wound tannin oxidizing blackening causes to connect
Bud-rot is rotten；
In step (1), stock is the fruit of date plum, and using conventional seed planting method for culturing seedlings, nursery stock rugosity reaches at the 10cm of ground
When 0.8cm or more, grafting operation is carried out；
In step (2), scion should acquire sprout raw young sprout of full, healthy and strong, without disease pest harm current year, carry out in conjunction with winter pruning
Scion is acquired and is stored；In 30mg kg before scion storage-1NAA solution in quickly pour and dip in, in favor of extending storage time；It connects
Fringe is imbedded in wet river sand, and to hold, agglomerating, loose one's grip dissipates for degree water content；Scion is embedded to river sand with 60 ° of inclination angle
In, the upper half is exposed outside river sand, is then filled with the river sand of a thickness 10-15cm, such one layer of river sand of row scion successively carries out；
The humidity of a river sand was checked every 10~15 days, if river sand surface is whitened, holding cannot be agglomerating, pays attention to timely moisturizing；
In step (3), the time of grafting is selected in 15 DEG C of mean daily temperature on daytime, and the scale of buddering of scion starts to reveal green, this period
Stock has begun rudiment.
2. being used for the sweet tea persimmon engrafting method of anvil fringe affinity difference as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (3), transfer
Bonding tool selects sharp secateurs and grafting knife；Guarantee that section and the bevel of stock and scion are smooth, when operation emphasize " it is short, flat,
Fastly, quasi- ", reduce the wound aerial residence time to the greatest extent, interface wrapping is tight when bondage, impermeable gas leakage.
3. being used for the sweet tea persimmon engrafting method of anvil fringe affinity difference as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (4),
Leafeating insect prevention and treatment: when 5% or more blade occur Hypocala moorei, slug moth, caterpillar, chafer it is aggrieved when, in time select
With EC1500 times of EC2000 times of 20% Fenpropathrin or 50% phoxim, to complete stool blade spraying 1~2 time；
Anthracnose of kaki prevention and treatment: 4~May early stage, select protectiveness medicament prevented and treated, select 1:5:400 Bordeaux mixture,
80% big M-45WP600 times of life 1~2 time by spraying；
To the coppice spout branch of near graft union and lower part stock, should be erased in time, it is primary every 10~15 days；
Paying attention to having many meals but little food at eath when fertilising, imposes urea or compound fertilizer 15kg per acre, company applies 2~3 times, every minor tick 20~30 days,
It 0.3% urea of foliage-spray 1~2 time simultaneously, when the water shortage of nursery, should pour water in time.
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| CN106982823A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-07-28 | 薛军宏 | The new-type method for preserving of fruit persimmon tree scion |
| CN107836232A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-03-27 | 建始绮丽果业有限责任公司 | A kind of live garden building method of sweet tea persimmon |
| CN108243754A (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-07-06 | 金华市飞凌生物科技有限公司 | A kind of engrafting method of persimmon tree |
| CN111802103B (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2022-04-15 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Utilization method for broken roots of fruit tree seedlings |
| CN114303669B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-04-07 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Method for shortening juvenile stage of persimmon seedlings Tong Chengji |
| CN116439026A (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-07-18 | 云南润桦农业科技开发有限责任公司 | Method for improving grafting survival rate of fruit trees |
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| CN105409675A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-03-23 | 何耀林 | Method for cultivating seedless sweet persimmons |
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Application publication date: 20161109 Assignee: Wuhan Huatuo Breeding and Breeding Professional Cooperative Assignor: INSTITUTE OF FRUIT AND TEA, HUBEI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2022420000085 Denomination of invention: A kind of grafting method for sweet persimmon with poor stock and ear affinity Granted publication date: 20190607 License type: Common License Record date: 20220908 |