CN106212059B - Jujube tree grafting method - Google Patents
Jujube tree grafting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106212059B CN106212059B CN201610617784.1A CN201610617784A CN106212059B CN 106212059 B CN106212059 B CN 106212059B CN 201610617784 A CN201610617784 A CN 201610617784A CN 106212059 B CN106212059 B CN 106212059B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C1/00—Ammonium nitrate fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
- C05C5/02—Fertilisers containing other nitrates containing sodium or potassium nitrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D5/00—Fertilisers containing magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a jujube tree grafting method, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing jujube tree scions; (2) wax sealing jujube tree scions; (3) pretreatment before grafting: soaking the scions of the jujube trees for 2-12 hours by using a jujube tree grafting treating agent; (4) and (6) grafting. According to the jujube tree grafting method, the scion is wax-sealed, so that cracks are not generated in the long-term storage, transportation and grafting processes, the jujube tree scion can be prevented from drying and losing water, and the quality of the jujube tree scion is improved; before jujube tree grafting, soaking jujube tree scions by using a solution of a jujube tree grafting treating agent; due to the action of the jujube tree grafting treating agent, the grafting survival rate of the jujube trees is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant grafting, in particular to a jujube tree grafting method.
Background
Jujube tree, Latin school name: ziziphus jujuuba mill. The jujube tree is deciduous tree with a height of 10m and an oval crown. The bark is grey brown and cracked. The branches include long branches, short branches and abscission-induced small branches. The long branch is reddish brown, is bent in a zigzag shape, is smooth, and has or is not obvious with leaf supporting thorns; the short branches are grown on the long branches of more than two years; the falling-off small branches are finer and have no buds, cluster on the short branches, and fall off with leaves after autumn. Oval leaves to oval ones, blunt tip at tip, fine saw teeth at edge, three pulse-generating root, glossy leaves and no hair on both sides. Blossom in 5-6 months, axiliary growth of the polypodium, small flower and yellow green. The stone fruits are oval to oblong, and the fruits are ripe in 8-9 months, and are dark red when ripe. The fruit core is hard and has sharp two ends.
The fruits of jujube such as waxberry, peach, plum, apricot, etc. are firm with hard core (seed), and some varieties have no core. Fruits are usually round, oblong or ovoid (ellipsoid and spherical), and some varieties of fruits are heart-shaped. The fresh weight of the mature fruit is 5-50g, the diameter is 1-2cm, the length is 1.5-3.5cm, the peel is thin, and the fruit is red or dark red when being smooth (glossy) and mature. The white crispy meat (pulp) of the jujube fruit has extremely delicious and attractive taste. The vitamin C is rich, the content of the vitamin C in the fresh jujube is 300-600mg/100g (apple: 10mg, orange 30mg, snipe ostrich 100mg) each jujube fruit (average size is 15g) can provide 75mg of vitamin C to meet the daily recommended requirement of each adult (British and American indexes are 75mg and 80mg respectively, which are probably common daily eating jujube and not found by doctors), the jujube contains vitamin A and B at the same time, the high sugar content (reaching 22 percent of the fresh weight) and the soluble solid (reaching 38 percent) are undoubtedly rich in nutrition and delicious.
Compared with other propagation methods, the jujube tree grafting propagation method has the following advantages: first, the superior characteristics of the scion variety can be maintained. This is because the scion is a shoot or bud taken from an elite adult tree. The inheritance is relatively stable, and the variation generally can not occur after the grafting. Second, early results are possible. Due to the developed root system of the stock, the grafted stock grows vigorously and branches are robust. Thirdly, the stress resistance of the jujube trees can be enhanced. However, in the actual planting process, various problems influencing the grafting survival rate of the jujube trees exist in the grafting propagation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a jujube tree grafting method.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a jujube tree grafting method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing jujube tree scions;
(2) wax sealing jujube tree scions;
(3) pretreatment before grafting: soaking the scions of the jujube trees for 2-12 hours by using a jujube tree grafting treating agent;
(4) and (6) grafting.
Preferably, in the step (1), before soil is frozen, jujube branches are collected from mother trees, parts with diameters smaller than 0.4cm and parts with diameters larger than 1cm at two ends of the jujube branches are respectively cut off, the jujube branches with two ends removed are cut into jujube scions by taking main buds as units, the upper end of each jujube scion is 1-1.5cm away from the main bud, and the lower end of each jujube scion is 4-6.5cm away from the main bud.
Preferably, the step (2) is that the jujube tree scions are immersed into the wax sealing liquid at the temperature of 80-100 ℃ for 0.1-1.9 seconds to be taken out, then the jujube tree scions are cooled for 12-14 hours and then are placed into a refrigeration house or a cellar at the temperature of 0-5 ℃ to be stored for standby application.
Preferably, the wax sealing liquid is prepared by the following method: firstly, putting paraffin into a pot, heating, after the paraffin is completely melted, gradually adding gum rosin under the stirring condition, and completely melting the gum rosin to obtain the wax sealing liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the paraffin to the gum rosin is (8-12): (2-4), controlling the temperature to be 80-100 ℃ for standby.
Preferably, the jujube tree grafting treating agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of garlic, 20-30 parts of ginger, 15-25 parts of bitter gourd leaves, 15-25 parts of orange peels, 5-15 parts of ammonium nitrate, 5-15 parts of potassium nitrate, 1-5 parts of calcium chloride, 1-3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1-3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1-0.3 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.05-0.15 part of naphthylacetic acid, 0.05-0.15 part of indolebutyric acid, 1-5 parts of a bactericide, 2-12 parts of a zinc nutrient additive, 25-35 parts of ethanol and 1500 parts of water.
Preferably, the bactericide is one or a mixture of more of oleanolic acid, berberine and ursolic acid.
More preferably, the bactericide is prepared by mixing oleanolic acid, berberine and ursolic acid, wherein the mass ratio of the oleanolic acid to the berberine to the ursolic acid is (1-3): (1-3): (1-3).
Preferably, the zinc nutrient additive is one or a mixture of zinc gluconate, zinc sulfate and zinc citrate.
More preferably, the zinc nutrient additive is formed by mixing zinc gluconate, zinc sulfate and zinc citrate, wherein the mass ratio of the zinc gluconate to the zinc sulfate to the zinc citrate is (1-3): (1-3): (1-3).
Specifically, in the present invention:
garlic, latin scientific name: allium sativum L. (Garlic), belonging to the genus Allium of the family Liliaceae, as a bulb.
Ginger is fresh rhizome of perennial herb ginger (Zingiber of fisinale Roscoe) of Zingiberaceae.
Balsam pear leaf is the leaf of balsam pear (Latin scientific name: Momoracia charrantia Linn.) belonging to Cucurbitaceae family.
Citrus peel is pericarp of Citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco) of Rutaceae.
Ammonium nitrate, CAS No.: 6484-52-2.
Potassium nitrate, CAS number: 7757-79-1.
Calcium chloride, CAS number: 10043-52-4.
Magnesium sulfate, CAS No.: 7487-88-9.
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, CAS No.: 7778-77-0.
Ferrous sulfate, CAS number: 8063-79-4.
Naphthylacetic acid, CAS No.: 86-87-3.
Indolebutyric acid, i.e., indole-3-butyric acid, CAS number: 133-32-4.
Ethanol, CAS No.: 64-17-5.
Zinc gluconate, CAS No.: 4468-02-4.
Zinc sulfate, CAS number: 7733-02-0.
Zinc citrate, CAS number: 546-46-3.
Oleanolic acid, CAS No.: 508-02-1.
Berberine, CAS number: 2086-83-1.
Ursolic acid, CAS No.: 77-52-1.
According to the jujube tree grafting method, the scion is wax-sealed, so that cracks are not generated in the long-term storage, transportation and grafting processes, the jujube tree scion can be prevented from drying and losing water, and the quality of the jujube tree scion is improved; before jujube tree grafting, soaking jujube tree scions by using a solution of a jujube tree grafting treating agent; due to the action of the jujube tree grafting treating agent, the grafting survival rate of the jujube trees is greatly improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not to be limiting of the invention in any way, and any person skilled in the art can modify the present invention by applying the teachings disclosed above and applying them to equivalent embodiments with equivalent modifications. Any simple modification or equivalent changes made to the following embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention, without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A jujube tree grafting method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing jujube tree scions: collecting jujube branches from mother trees before soil is frozen in 11 th of the northern part of Xinjiang, respectively cutting off parts with diameters smaller than 0.4cm and parts with diameters larger than 1cm at two ends of the jujube branches, cutting the jujube branches with two ends removed into jujube scions by taking main buds as units, wherein the upper ends of the jujube scions are 1.2cm away from the main buds, and the lower ends of the jujube scions are 5cm away from the main buds to obtain 400 jujube scions;
(2) wax sealing of jujube tree scions: firstly, paraffin (half-refined paraffin of Kunlun brand produced by Xinjiang Dushan chemical plant, the density is less than 0.9 g/cubic centimeter, the melting point is 47-64 ℃) is put into a pot for heating, after the paraffin is completely melted, gum rosin (produced by Dafeng chemical trade company of Shanghai, the density is more than 1 g/cubic centimeter, the melting point is 70-80 ℃) is gradually added under the stirring condition and is completely melted, and then the wax sealing liquid is obtained, wherein the mass ratio of the paraffin to the gum rosin is 10: 2.5, controlling the temperature to be 85 ℃ for standby; wax sealing jujube tree scions in a wax sealing solution at 85 ℃, holding one end of the jujube tree scions, immersing 1/2 of the jujube tree scions in the wax sealing solution for 1.2 seconds, then holding the other end of the jujube tree scions, immersing 1/2 of the jujube tree scions in the wax sealing solution for 1.2 seconds, paying attention to enable the whole jujube tree scions to be coated with a layer of uniform wax sealing composition film, cooling for 13 hours, and storing in a refrigeration house at the temperature of 2 ℃ for standby application;
(3) pretreatment before grafting: before grafting, soaking the jujube tree scions for 6 hours by using a jujube tree grafting treating agent, and soaking the 400 jujube tree scions by using 1000kg of the jujube tree grafting treating agent;
(4) grafting: cutting off the frozen part at the upper part of the jujube tree stock 1 day before grafting, and removing the soil 5cm below the stem base of the jujube tree stock; 1 hour before grafting, cutting off 1cm of the top of the jujube tree stock; cutting off 0.5cm of the top of the jujube tree stock during grafting; then grafting the jujube tree scion soaked by the jujube tree grafting treating agent onto a jujube tree stock, splitting a notch in the center of the stock by using a splitting knife, wherein the depth of the notch is based on the insertion of a scion cut surface, and inserting the scion to enable the scion and the stock to form layers to be tightly attached; binding the jujube tree scions and the jujube tree stocks, wherein the binding material used for binding is a polyvinyl chloride plastic film with the thickness of 0.01 mm.
The jujube grafting treating agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of garlic, 25 parts of ginger, 20 parts of bitter gourd leaves, 20 parts of orange peel, 10 parts of ammonium nitrate, 10 parts of potassium nitrate, 3 parts of calcium chloride, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.15 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.08 part of naphthylacetic acid, 0.08 part of indolebutyric acid, 3 parts of bactericide, 6 parts of zinc nutrient additive, 30 parts of ethanol and 1000 parts of water. Adding the bactericide into ethanol, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a sterilizing solution; and then crushing garlic, ginger, bitter gourd leaves and citrus peels into 80 meshes, adding water of 85 ℃, keeping the water temperature at 85 ℃, soaking for 2 hours, then adding sterilizing liquid, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, naphthylacetic acid, indolebutyric acid and a zinc nutrient additive, stirring and mixing uniformly, and then filtering by adopting 180-mesh filter cloth to obtain the jujube grafting treating agent.
The bactericide is prepared from oleanolic acid, berberine and ursolic acid in a mass ratio of 1: 1: 1 stirring and mixing uniformly.
The zinc nutrient additive is prepared from zinc gluconate, zinc sulfate and zinc citrate according to a mass ratio of 1: 1: 1 stirring and mixing uniformly.
Example 2
Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the bactericide is prepared from berberine and ursolic acid in a mass ratio of 1: 1 stirring and mixing uniformly.
Example 3
Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the bactericide is prepared from oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in a mass ratio of 1: 1 stirring and mixing uniformly.
Example 4
Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the bactericide is prepared from oleanolic acid and berberine in a mass ratio of 1: 1 stirring and mixing uniformly.
Example 5
Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the zinc nutrient additive is prepared from zinc sulfate and zinc citrate according to a mass ratio of 1: 1 stirring and mixing uniformly.
Example 6
Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the zinc nutrient additive is prepared from zinc gluconate and zinc citrate according to a mass ratio of 1: 1 stirring and mixing uniformly.
Example 7
Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the zinc nutrient additive is prepared from zinc gluconate and zinc sulfate according to a mass ratio of 1: 1 stirring and mixing uniformly.
Test example 1
Statistics is carried out on the survival rate of the jujube tree after scion grafting in examples 1-7. Specific results are shown in table 1.
Table 1: test result table
| Survival rate% | |
| Example 1 | 99.5 |
| Example 2 | 95 |
| Example 3 | 92.3 |
| Example 4 | 93 |
| Example 5 | 97.5 |
| Example 6 | 96 |
| Example 7 | 97 |
Comparing the example 1 with the examples 2 to 4, the survival rate test result of the example 1 (the combination of oleanolic acid, berberine and ursolic acid) is obviously better than that of the examples 2 to 4 (the combination of any two of oleanolic acid, berberine and ursolic acid); comparing example 1 with examples 5-7, the survival rate test result of example 1 (zinc gluconate, zinc sulfate and zinc citrate are combined with grape) is obviously better than that of examples 5-7 (any two of zinc gluconate, zinc sulfate and zinc citrate are combined).
Claims (1)
1. A jujube tree grafting method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing jujube tree scions;
(2) wax sealing jujube tree scions;
(3) pretreatment before grafting: soaking the scions of the jujube trees for 6 hours by using a jujube tree grafting treating agent;
(4) grafting;
the jujube grafting treating agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of garlic, 25 parts of ginger, 20 parts of bitter gourd leaves, 20 parts of orange peel, 10 parts of ammonium nitrate, 10 parts of potassium nitrate, 3 parts of calcium chloride, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.15 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.08 part of naphthylacetic acid, 0.08 part of indolebutyric acid, 3 parts of bactericide, 6 parts of zinc nutrient additive, 30 parts of ethanol and 1000 parts of water;
the bactericide is prepared by mixing oleanolic acid, berberine and ursolic acid, wherein the mass ratio of the oleanolic acid to the berberine to the ursolic acid is 1: 1: 1;
the zinc nutrient additive is prepared by mixing zinc gluconate, zinc sulfate and zinc citrate, wherein the mass ratio of the zinc gluconate to the zinc sulfate to the zinc citrate is 1: 1: 1.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103070025A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-05-01 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Jujube tree grafting method |
| CN104429443A (en) * | 2014-09-27 | 2015-03-25 | 管天球 | Method for planting date trees in three-difficulty land |
| CN104823726A (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-08-12 | 秦孜昌 | Processing method for jujube tree grafting scion |
| CN104871838A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-02 | 张亚南 | High-survival-rate jujube tree grafting method |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103070025A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-05-01 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Jujube tree grafting method |
| CN104429443A (en) * | 2014-09-27 | 2015-03-25 | 管天球 | Method for planting date trees in three-difficulty land |
| CN104871838A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-02 | 张亚南 | High-survival-rate jujube tree grafting method |
| CN104823726A (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-08-12 | 秦孜昌 | Processing method for jujube tree grafting scion |
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