CN106199703B - A kind of automatic positioning of microseism focus and Reliability Synthesis evaluation method - Google Patents
A kind of automatic positioning of microseism focus and Reliability Synthesis evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of microseism focus automatic positioning disclosed by the invention and Reliability Synthesis evaluation method, the automatic positioning of microseism focus and reliability of positioning evaluation suitable for the various geotechnical engineerings such as mine, tunnel, side slope and oil and gas development.Including the then automatic Picking algorithm IFEP, most of based on then difference and residual analysis microseism Waveform Auto-specification method APSI, simplex microseism focus automatic positioning algorithm Simplex, microseism seismic source location Reliability Synthesis appraisement system SLRE tetra- of the microseism waveform based on instantaneous frequency and the envelope function of variable-resolution；Four parts are an orderly combinations, their premise and basis each other, all linked with one another, are the complete microseism focus automatic positioning of set of system and method for evaluating reliability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of automatic positioning of microseism focus and positioning result evaluation methods, especially a kind of to be suitable for mine
The microseism focus of the various geotechnical engineerings such as mountain, tunnel, side slope and oil and gas development is automatically positioned and the method for reliability of positioning evaluation,
Belong to micro seismic monitoring field.
Background technique
On Microseismic Monitoring Technique is to study and evaluate coal petrography using the loaded microseism waveform signal for destroying generation of coal petrography material
A kind of geophysics real time monitoring of stability.In recent years, On Microseismic Monitoring Technique is pre- in the monitoring of mine coal rock dynamic disaster
It is widely applied in all kinds of geotechnical engineerings such as police, oil and gas development, side slope and stability of earth dams monitoring.Microseism seismic source location is
The important content and research hotspot of On Microseismic Monitoring Technique, it is high-precision with the development of science and technology with the raising of site requirement
The automatic positioning of microseism focus and positioning result reliability (positioning accuracy and focus solving system stability) evaluation are micro seismic monitorings
Development trend.Micro seismic monitoring platform screen cloth sets, microseism waveform recognition and then pickup, Velocity model, location algorithm be influence it is micro-
Shake the principal element of seismic source location.Wherein, P, S involve unusual waveforms identification, high-precision then automatic Picking and steady positioning
Algorithm is that High Precision Automatic positioning is crucial, while being also required to provide correct evaluation to automatic positioning result reliability.
Microseism waveform mainly passes through the features such as time-frequency, amplitude-frequency, duration and is analyzed at present, the identification to background noise
It is preferable with filtration result, however it is larger for P, S wave and unusual waveforms identification difficulty.Document《Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering》,
8th phase in 2014, Li Nan, " the microseism wave abnormal signal recognition methods based on then difference ", the document is according to then difference point
Analysis identifies delay wave and external two kinds of unusual waveforms signals of extraordinary wave, knows without reference to P, S wave and other unusual waveforms
Not.Microseism waveform then picks up mainly using long Short-time Window (STA/LTA) ratio method, but when waveform signal noise is relatively low or
Then picking error is larger when first motion is unobvious, and such method does not utilize the frequecy characteristic of waveform signal to pick up
When.In terms of microseism positioning, using most various seismic source location methods for being namely based on then different principle and developing, example
Such as Geiger method and on this basis improved various methods, however this kind of algorithm relies on initial value higher, works as initial value
It is improper to choose, and positioning accuracy will substantially reduce, or even cannot restrain.Powell method proposed in recent years, particle swarm algorithm etc. one
Determine to reduce the degree of dependence to initial value in degree, but there is no fundamentally solve solving system divergence problem.Document
《Coal journal》, the 12nd phase in 2014, Li Nan, " the simplex microseism seismic source location method based on L1 norm statistics ", the document
Seismic source location is carried out using the pure algorithm based on L1 norm statistical criteria, then pickup and unusual waveforms identification are not carried out
It discusses, is not also positioned simultaneously using P, S wave.In addition, microseism waveform then automatic Picking precision and microseism focus at present
Automatic positioning precision can not meet field demand, need manually to be modified in many cases, this not only considerably increases work
It measures, it is time-consuming and laborious；And it is positioned manually and is affected by individuals subjective judgement.The aspect of microseism positioning result evaluation at present is main
Consider the evaluation to positioning accuracy, however the evaluation of microseism seismic source location not only should include that positioning accuracy is evaluated, it is fixed to should also contain
Position estimation of stability, i.e. reliability of positioning overall merit.Document《Coal journal》, o. 11th in 2013, Li Nan, " microseism focus
Reliability of positioning comprehensive evaluation model " can carry out thoroughly evaluating to positioning accuracy and stability this document propose a kind of
Model, however the model will not be related to microseism seismic source location method, and be only to evaluate existing positioning result.Cause
This, lacks a kind of while having the automatic positioning of microseism focus and reliability of positioning Function of Evaluation in the integrated approach of one.
Therefore, inventing a kind of collection microseism waveform, then automatic Picking, microseism Waveform Auto-specification, microseism focus are automatically fixed
Position, reliability of positioning overall merit in one microseism seismic source location and Reliability Synthesis evaluation method be significantly.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem：In view of the above-mentioned problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of automatic positioning of microseism focus and reliably
Property integrated evaluating method, is then picked up automatically by establishing microseism waveform in the micro seismic monitorings such as mine, tunnel, side slope and oil and gas development
Algorithm, P, S is taken to involve unusual waveforms automatic identifying method, steady automatic positioning algorithm, microseism seismic source location Reliability Synthesis
Appraisement system, ultimately forms a kind of high-precision microseism focus automatic positioning and Reliability Synthesis evaluation method, this method can
Microseism focus automatic positioning precision is greatly improved, and provides correct reliability of positioning evaluation result, to be micro seismic monitoring
Successful application lay the foundation.
Technical solution：A kind of automatic positioning of microseism focus and Reliability Synthesis evaluation method, including based on instantaneous frequency and
The microseism waveform of the envelope function of variable-resolution then automatic Picking algorithm IFEP, be based on then difference and residual analysis microseism
Waveform Auto-specification method APSI, simplex microseism focus are automatically positioned algorithm Simplex, microseism seismic source location Reliability Synthesis
Appraisement system SLRE tetra- is most of；
The IFEP can the high-precision microseism waveform of automatic Picking then data, lay the foundation for APSI and Simplex；
The APSI IFEP automatic Picking then on the basis of, be based on then differential analysis and residual analysis, in conjunction with micro-
It shakes sensor space and lays form, to the delay wave and outside two class unusual waveforms of extraordinary wave progress automatic identification in microseism waveform
It rejects, while can also determine that each sensor picks up P, S wave type of microseism wave, lay the foundation for Simplex；
The Simplex correctly then can carry out focus automatic positioning with velocity of wave using corresponding P, S wave, and can
Any selection L1 norm statistical criteria and L2 norm statistical criteria calculate event residual error；
The SLRE can carry out effective evaluation to microseism seismic source location reliability (positioning accuracy and stability)；
Tetra- partial order of IFEP, APSI, Simplex, SLRE combines, and premise and basis, all linked with one another each other, is formed a set of
Complete microseism focus automatic positioning and method for evaluating reliability.
The microseism waveform of the envelope function based on instantaneous frequency and variable-resolution then automatic Picking algorithm IFEP,
Specific step is as follows：
(1) microseism waveform clock signal is subjected to wavelet transformation, obtains the time-frequency two-dimensional Joint Distribution of waveform signal, passes through
The edge distribution for solving the distribution of waveform signal time-frequency two-dimensional obtains waveform signal frequency and changes with time relationship；Formula is as follows：
So that the instantaneous frequency of any time of waveform signal be calculated；In formula：gf,tA certain frequency content f is represented to exist
The sometime probability that t occurs；
(2) Envelope Analysis resolution ratio d is set；All extreme points of the waveform signal in resolution ratio d are sought, the resolution is obtained
Extreme point time series data under rate；Using cubic spline interpolation, complete envelope function sequence is obtained；Change resolution ratio d, from
And the envelope function sequence of different resolution is obtained, it is final to obtain the different resolution signal envelope sequence of function；
(3) by variable-resolution obtained in the instantaneous frequency of microseism waveform signal obtained in step (1) and step (2)
Envelope function inputted as time series, calculate separately envelope signal and instantaneous frequency long short time-window sequence of ratio values R1 and
R2 enables R=R1 × R1, and R value is compared with the threshold value of setting, so that automatic Picking microseism waveform is then, by automatic Picking
Microseism waveform when then being known as observing, i-th sensor be denoted as t when observingi。
Described to be based on then difference and residual analysis microseism Waveform Auto-specification method APSI, specific step is as follows：
If any two sensors TiAnd TjBetween Euclidean distance be 2cij, respectively t when being observed according to the IFEPi
And tj, and enable ti< tj；P wave velocity of wave is v in field measurement micro seismic monitoring regionP, S wave velocity of wave is vS；Calculate separately sensor it
Between observe time difference value OADijWith P wave then difference theoretical limit TLPij：
OADij=tj-ti
If sensor TiBe P wave then, TjBe S wave then, when two sensors and focus are located along the same line, they
Between observe that time difference value obtains maximum, and the maximum calculation formula is as follows：
In formula：DADijIt is denoted as sensor TjDelay wave then difference theoretical limit, diFor sensor TiTo survey edges of regions
Maximum distance；
According to observing time difference value OADij, P wave then difference theoretical limit TLPij, delay wave then difference theoretical limit
DADij, establish then difference analytical table 1：
The then difference analytical table of table 1
In table：
Microseismic sensors station residual error is indicated using following formula：
γi=ti-tti
In formula：tiIt is tt when observingiIt is when calculating；Wherein tiIt is not influenced by calculating, therefore station residual error γiIt is main
It will be by tt when calculatingiInfluence；Establish residual analysis table 2：
2 residual analysis table of table
In table：K is residual error coefficient, and k > 0.
According to then differential analysis, residual analysis, in combination with microseismic sensors platform net spatial arrangement form, to microseism wave
Delay wave and external two class unusual waveforms of extraordinary wave in shape carry out identification rejecting, while can also identify and determine each sensor
P, S the wave type for picking up microseism wave, lay the foundation for seismic source location.
The simplex microseism focus is automatically positioned algorithm Simplex, and specific step is as follows：
(1) first by microseism origin time t0It separates, algorithm Simplex is automatically positioned using simplex microseism focus
To focus space coordinate (x0,y0,z0) solved, origin time t0 is then calculated again；
(2) according to the IFEP microseism waveform, then automatic Picking result and the APSI microseism waveform are known automatically
Not as a result, rejecting abnormalities waveform signal, while seismic source location is then carried out with velocity of wave using correct, corresponding P wave and S wave；
(3) selection calculates event residual error using L1 norm statistical criteria or L2 norm statistical criteria；
Event residual computations formula based on L1 norm statistical criteria is：
Event residual computations formula based on L2 norm statistical criteria is：
In formula：tmedianIt is all (ti-tti) median；N is the number of effective microseismic sensors station；M is indicated freely
Degree, the i.e. number of unknown number.
The microseism seismic source location Reliability Synthesis appraisement system SLRE includes event residual error index R, sensitivity indexes M
With trigger sequence index T, and in summary three kinds of Index Establishments microseism seismic source location Comprehensive Reliability Evaluation Index of District P, energy
It is enough that overall merit is carried out to microseism seismic source location reliability；Specific step is as follows：
(1) microseism focus automatic positioning knot is obtained using the simplex microseism focus automatic positioning algorithm Simplex
After fruit, SLRE can carry out overall merit to positioning accuracy and stability automatically；
(2) the event residual error size being calculated according to L1 norm statistical criteria, determines the evaluation mark of event residual error index R
It is quasi-；After microseism wave velocity of wave increases or decreases 10%, relocated using Simplex, according to reorientation result and originally
The size of error L between positioning result, determines the evaluation criterion of sensitivity indexes M；According to observation trigger sequence and calculate touching
Extent of mismatch between hair sequence determines the evaluation criterion of trigger sequence index T in combination with microseism effective sensor number；
(3) microseism seismic source location comprehensive evaluation index P is introduced, and has P=R+M+T, according to the scoring situation of P, SLRE
Seismic source location result is divided into 5 grades, respectively A, B, C, D, E, microseism seismic source location Quantitative Reliability is realized and comments
Valence.
Beneficial effect：The present invention is the automatic positioning of microseism focus and the reliability of positioning integrated evaluating method of a kind of system
(AMSLRE), realizing microseism waveform, then automatic Picking, microseism Waveform Auto-specification, focus automatic positioning and positioning are reliable
Property overall merit, major advantage are：
(1) IFEP carries out microseism waveform then automatic Picking based on the envelope function of instantaneous frequency and variable-resolution, simultaneous
The amplitude and frequency information of microseism waveform are cared for, microseism waveform signal lower for signal-to-noise ratio greatly improves then certainly
It is dynamic to pick up precision, to lay the foundation for microseism Waveform Auto-specification and the automatic positioning of microseism focus.
(2) APSI does not need to identify microseism wave type by complicated waveform analysis, but based on then difference
Analysis, residual analysis and microseismic sensors platform screen cloth set form in microseism waveform delay wave and external two kinds of extraordinary wave it is different
Ordinary wave shape carries out automatic identification and rejecting, while can also identify P, S the wave type for determining that each sensor picks up microseism wave, is
Then seismic source location is carried out with velocity of wave using corresponding P, S wave to lay the foundation.
(3) simplex microseism seismic source location algorithm (Simplex) does not need to solve partial derivative and inverse matrix, greatly reduces
Calculation amount, and be not in divergence problem, to keep calculating process more stable and strong.In addition Simplex can be simultaneously
Seismic source location is then carried out with velocity of wave using corresponding P, S wave, and can flexibly use L1 norm statistical criteria or L2 model
Number statistical criteria, to greatly improve microseism focus automatic positioning precision.
(4) microseism seismic source location Reliability Synthesis appraisement system (SLRE) combines event residual error index R, sensitivity indexes
M and trigger sequence index T can not only evaluate microseism seismic source location precision, additionally it is possible to Position-Solving system and determine
Position result stability carries out effective evaluation；SLRE give comprehensive evaluation index P quantitatively evaluating standard and corresponding focus
Divided rank is positioned, the evaluation of microseism seismic source location Quantitative Reliabilityization is realized.
(5) AMSLRE is the orderly combination of IFEP, APSI, Simplex and SLRE, is the complete microseism focus of set of system
Automatic positioning and method for evaluating reliability, IFEP, APSI, Simplex and SLRE be all linked with one another, premise and basis each other, finally
Realize the automatic positioning of high-precision microseism focus and reliability of positioning overall merit.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is delay wave then differential analysis schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is mobile example of the simplex in the error space.
Fig. 3 is a kind of automatic positioning of microseism focus and Reliability Synthesis evaluation method (AMSLRE) main contents and process
Figure.
Fig. 4 is IFEP microseism waveform then automatic Picking example.Give the live microseism of two of them difference signal-to-noise ratio
Waveform uses the example of IFEP automatic Picking then, and Fig. 4 (a) is that the live microseism waveform of high s/n ratio is picked up automatically using IFEP
Instance graph when getting, Fig. 4 (b) are that the live microseism waveform of low signal-to-noise ratio uses the instance graph of IFEP automatic Picking then.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the examples below：
Microseism focus automatic positioning of the invention and Reliability Synthesis evaluation method, specific embodiment are as follows：
(1) the microseism waveform of the envelope function based on instantaneous frequency and variable-resolution then automatic Picking algorithm (IFEP)
According to Wavelet Analysis Theory, microseism waveform clock signal is subjected to wavelet transformation, obtains time-frequency two-dimensional Joint Distribution：
gf,t=G (f, t) (1)
The value g of any point on time-frequency figuref,tRepresent the probability that a certain frequency content f occurs in sometime t.
By solving the edge distribution of waveform signal time-frequency two-dimensional distribution, obtains waveform signal frequency and change with time pass
System.Its formula is as follows：
Formula (2) is the instantaneous frequency calculation formula of waveform signal, can accurately obtain waveform signal according to formula (2)
Any time instantaneous frequency, thus then to lay the foundation from the frequecy characteristic automatic Picking of waveform signal.
Envelope Analysis is common a kind of signal analysis method in engineering, and the essential characteristic point for forming envelope is waveform letter
Number extreme point.The envelope function of variable-resolution realizes that step is specific as follows：
A. whole extreme points of waveform signal are found out；
B. Envelope Analysis resolution ratio d is set；
C. all extreme points of the waveform signal in resolution ratio d are sought, the extreme point time series data under the resolution ratio is obtained；
D. cubic spline interpolation is used, complete envelope function sequence is obtained；
E. the first step is returned, is repeated the above steps, the envelope function sequence of different resolution is obtained.Finally, it obtains different
Resolution signal envelope function sequence.
It inputs the envelope function of the instantaneous frequency of microseism waveform signal and variable-resolution as time series, counts respectively
Long short time-window the sequence of ratio values R1 and R2 for calculating envelope signal and instantaneous frequency, enable R=R1 × R1, by R value and the threshold value of setting into
Row compares, so that automatic Picking microseism waveform is then, when the microseism waveform of automatic Picking then is known as observing, i-th of biography
Sensor is denoted as t when observingi.To lay the foundation for microseism Waveform Auto-specification and the automatic positioning of microseism focus.
(2) based on then difference and residual analysis microseism Waveform Auto-specification method (APSI)
If any two sensors TiAnd TjBetween Euclidean distance be 2cij, respectively t when they are observediAnd tj, and enable
ti< tj；P wave velocity of wave is v in field measurement micro seismic monitoring regionP, S wave velocity of wave is vS；Respectively according to formula (3) and formula (4)
It calculates and observes time difference value OAD between sensorijWith P wave then difference theoretical limit TLPij：
OADij=tj-ti (3)
As shown in Figure 1, setting sensor TiBe P wave then, TjBe S wave then, when two sensors and focus are located at same straight line
When upper, time difference value obtains maximum to observing between them, and the maximum calculation formula is as follows：
DAD in above formulaijIt is denoted as sensor TjDelay wave then difference theoretical limit, diFor sensor TiTo survey regional edge
The maximum distance of edge, using formula (5) computing relay wave then difference theoretical limit.
According to observing time difference value OADij, P wave then difference theoretical limit TLPij, delay wave then difference theoretical limit
DADij, establish then difference analytical table (table 1).
The then difference analytical table of table 1
Note：Wherein
Microseismic sensors station residual error can be indicated with following formula：
γi=ti-tti (6)
In above formula, tiIt is tt when observingiIt is when calculating.Wherein tiIt is not influenced by calculating, therefore station residual error γi
Mainly by tt when calculatingiInfluence.According to formula (6), residual analysis table (table 2) is established.
2 residual analysis table of table
Note：K is residual error coefficient in table, and k > 0, in, k chooses according to the actual situation.
According to then differential analysis, residual analysis, in combination with microseismic sensors platform net spatial arrangement form, to microseism wave
Delay wave and external two class unusual waveforms of extraordinary wave in shape carry out identification rejecting, while can also identify and determine each sensor
P, S the wave type for picking up microseism wave, lay the foundation for seismic source location.
(3) simplex microseism seismic source location algorithm (Simplex)
L1 norm statistical criteria is respectively adopted and L2 norm statistical criteria calculates time residual error, wherein being counted based on L1 norm
The event residual computations formula of criterion is：
T in formula (7)medianIt is all (ti-tti) median.
Event residual computations formula based on L2 norm statistical criteria is：
In formula (7) and (8), n is the number of effective microseismic sensors station；M indicates freedom degree, the i.e. number of unknown number,
The m=4 in microseism seismic source location.
The implementation key step of simplex microseism seismic source location algorithm (Simplex) is as follows：
A. by microseism origin time t0It separates, to focus space coordinate (x0,y0,z0) solved, then calculate again
Origin time t0；
B. optional 4 points in micro seismic monitoring region, initial simplex is constructed by vertex of this four points；
C. according to IFEP microseism waveform then automatic Picking result and APSI microseism Waveform Auto-specification as a result, rejecting abnormalities
Waveform signal, while choosing corresponding P, S wave then and velocity of wave；
D. it is each simplex to be calculated using L1 norm statistical criteria (formula (7)) or L2 norm statistical criteria (formula (8))
The event residual error on vertex；
E. it is respectively compared the event residual error of four points, determines maximum value and minimum value；According to extension, mapping, contraction, compression
Four kinds of variations find new vertex in the error space, form new simplex；
F. above step is repeated, simplex is constantly moved, until obtaining best focus space coordinate or meeting iteration end
Only when condition, iteration ends, while microseism origin time is calculated, finally obtain microseism seismic source location result (x0,y0,z0,t0)。
Fig. 2 indicates iterative process of the simplex in the error space.
(4) microseism seismic source location Reliability Synthesis appraisement system (SLRE)
Event residual error can reflect the size of position error to a certain extent, therefore propose evaluation microseism seismic source location essence
The event residual error index R of degree.Event residual error is calculated using L1 norm statistical criteria (formula (7)) to be obtained according to event residual error size
To the evaluation criterion of event residual error index R, see Table 3 for details.
3 event residual error metrics evaluation standard of table
Note：α is event residual GM coefficient in table.
It after microseism wave velocity of wave is increased or decreased 10%, is relocated using Simplex, by reorientation result and original
The error between positioning result come is denoted as L, and L can be used following formula and be calculated：
L=S ' (x0,y0,z0)|v′=v ± 10%v-S(x0,y0,z0) (9)
In above formula, M is sensitivity indexes, S (x0,y0,z0) it is original positioning result, S ' (x0,y0,z0) it is microseism wave velocity
After increasing or decreasing 10%, using identical seismic source location method, obtained reorientation result.
System is more stable stronger to the resistivity of input data, therefore according to formula (9), proposes evaluation evaluation microseism
The sensitivity indexes M of seismic source location stability.According to the size of reorientation error L, the evaluation criterion of sensitivity indexes M is determined,
See Table 4 for details.
4 sensitivity indexes evaluation criterion of table
Note：β is susceptibility correction factor in table.
According to observation trigger sequence and calculate the extent of mismatch between trigger sequence, trigger sequence is divided into I, II, III,
IV, V totally 5 grades, the higher extent of mismatch for showing to observe trigger sequence and calculate between trigger sequence of middle grade are smaller；
Simultaneously in order to consider that microseismic sensors platform net influences seismic source location, in conjunction with effective number of sensors, foundation can be evaluated simultaneously
The trigger sequence index T of microseism seismic source location precision and position stability, specific evaluation criterion are as shown in table 5.
5 trigger sequence metrics evaluation standard of table
In conclusion introducing microseism seismic source location Comprehensive Reliability Evaluation Index of District P, and P=R+M+T is enabled, to establish micro-
Seismic source location reliability (positioning accuracy and stability) overall evaluation system (SLRE) is shaken, is drawn seismic source location result according to SLRE
It is divided into 5 grades, respectively A, B, C, D, E.The evaluation criterion of SLRE is as shown in table 6.
6 microseism seismic source location Reliability Synthesis appraisement system of table
(6) IFEP, APSI, Simplex, SLRE are orderly combined, establishes the automatic positioning of microseism focus and Reliability Synthesis
Evaluation method (AMSLRE), the main contents and process of AMSLRE are shown in Fig. 3.
Microseismic monitoring system shares 16 sensors, is denoted as T1 (x respectively1,y1,z1),T2(x2,y2,z2),T3(x3,y3,
z3),…,T16(x16,y16,z16), the human-generated explosives experiment of known hypocentral location, explosion events are carried out in micro seismic monitoring region
It is denoted as B (x, y, z, t), wherein t is blasting time；It is 4158m/s according to field measurement microseism wave P wave velocity of wave, S wave velocity of wave is
2483m/s。
When 18 days 15 May in 2016 37 divide 30 seconds 879 milliseconds carried out the test of human-generated explosives in micro seismic monitoring region.
The space coordinate of the precise measurement artificial explosion events is x=2672.2, y=4712.8, z=-132.5, by the human-generated explosives
Event is denoted as B (2672.2,4712.8, -132.5,879).
Microseismic monitoring system has received the microseism waveform of explosion events induction, each using IFEP automatic Picking first
Then, the live microseism waveform that Fig. 4 gives two of them difference signal-to-noise ratio uses the received microseism waveform of microseismic sensors
The example of IFEP automatic Picking then, as can be seen from the figure for microseism waveform signal (Fig. 4 (b)) IFEP of low signal-to-noise ratio
It still is able to the high-precision waveform of automatic Picking then.Using each sensor of IFEP automatic Picking, then see Table 7 for details.
7 IFEP automatic Picking sensor of table is then
Note："/" indicates that respective sensor is not received by microseism waveform.
According to formula (3), (4), (5), the then difference analytical table of the explosion events is obtained by calculation, see Table 8 for details.
8 explosion events of table then difference analytical table
According to then difference analytical table, what sensor T16 and T1 were picked up is all to postpone wave then, therefore they should not be participated in
Location Calculation.
Residual analysis is carried out according to formula (6), residual error coefficient k is set as 1.2 in the present embodiment.Residual analysis the results are shown in Table
9。
9 explosion events residual analysis table of table
According to residual analysis, sensor T3 pickup is then modified to S wave then.Therefore, based on then difference and residual error
The results are shown in Table 10 for the explosion events microseism waveform recognition that analysis microseism Waveform Auto-specification method (APSI) obtains.
10 APSI explosion events microseism waveform recognition result of table
IFEP automatic Picking then with APSI microseism waveform recognition on the basis of, using simplex microseism seismic source location calculate
Method (Simplex) carries out focus automatic positioning to explosion events B, and automatic positioning result is as shown in table 11.
11 Simplex focus of table is automatically positioned result
Part is automatically fixed using microseism focus of the microseism seismic source location Reliability Synthesis appraisement system (SLRE) to explosion events
Position reliability is evaluated, and wherein event residual error index R is scored at 8, and sensitivity indexes M is scored at -2, and triggering misses sequence indicator T
4 are scored at, comprehensive evaluation index P is scored at：
P=R+M+T=8+ (- 2)+4=10 (10)
See Table 1 for details shown in 2 for microseism seismic source location Reliability Synthesis evaluation result.
12 SLRE reliability of positioning comprehensive evaluation result of table
From embodiment it is found that a kind of microseism focus automatic positioning of the invention and Reliability Synthesis evaluation method
(AMSLRE), high-precision microseism focus automatic positioning is not only realized, but also automatic positioning reliability evaluation result is met
Actual conditions.
It is not to this hair although above-described embodiment compares detailed description to technical solution of the present invention
Bright limitation, any pair of technical solution of the present invention is modified or is replaced on an equal basis, without departing from technical solution of the present invention
Connotation and range should all cover within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of microseism focus automatic positioning and Reliability Synthesis evaluation method, it is characterised in that：Including based on instantaneous frequency and
The microseism waveform of the envelope function of variable-resolution then automatic Picking algorithm IFEP, be based on then difference and residual analysis microseism
Waveform Auto-specification method APSI, simplex microseism focus are automatically positioned algorithm Simplex, microseism seismic source location Reliability Synthesis
Appraisement system SLRE tetra- is most of；
The IFEP can the high-precision microseism waveform of automatic Picking then data, lay the foundation for APSI and Simplex；
The APSI IFEP automatic Picking then on the basis of, be based on then differential analysis and residual analysis, in conjunction with microseism pass
Sensor spatial arrangement form carries out automatic identification with external two class unusual waveforms of extraordinary wave to the delay wave in microseism waveform and picks
It removes, while can also determine that each sensor picks up P, S wave type of microseism wave, lay the foundation for Simplex；
The Simplex correctly then can carry out focus automatic positioning with velocity of wave using corresponding P, S wave, and can be any
L1 norm statistical criteria and L2 norm statistical criteria is selected to calculate event residual error；
The SLRE can carry out effective evaluation to microseism seismic source location reliability；
Tetra- partial order of IFEP, APSI, Simplex, SLRE combines, and premise and basis, all linked with one another each other, forms complete set
Microseism focus automatic positioning and method for evaluating reliability；
The microseism waveform of the envelope function based on instantaneous frequency and variable-resolution then automatic Picking algorithm IFEP, specifically
Steps are as follows：
(1) microseism waveform clock signal is subjected to wavelet transformation, obtains the time-frequency two-dimensional Joint Distribution of waveform signal, passes through solution
The edge distribution of waveform signal time-frequency two-dimensional distribution, obtains waveform signal frequency and changes with time relationship；Formula is as follows：
So that the instantaneous frequency of any time of waveform signal be calculated；In formula：gf,tA certain frequency content f is represented at some
The probability that moment t occurs；
(2) Envelope Analysis resolution ratio d is set；All extreme points of the waveform signal in resolution ratio d are sought, are obtained under the resolution ratio
Extreme point time series data；Using cubic spline interpolation, complete envelope function sequence is obtained；Change resolution ratio d, to obtain
The envelope function sequence of different resolution, it is final to obtain the different resolution signal envelope sequence of function；
(3) by the packet of variable-resolution obtained in the instantaneous frequency of microseism waveform signal obtained in step (1) and step (2)
Network function is inputted as time series, is calculated separately long short time-window the sequence of ratio values R1 and R2 of envelope signal and instantaneous frequency, is enabled R
R value is compared by=R1 × R1 with the threshold value of setting, so that automatic Picking microseism waveform is then, by the microseism of automatic Picking
When waveform then is known as observing, i-th sensor is denoted as t when observingi；
If any two sensors TiAnd TjBetween Euclidean distance be 2cij, respectively t when being observed according to IFEPiAnd tj, and enable ti
<tj；P wave velocity of wave is v in field measurement micro seismic monitoring regionP, S wave velocity of wave is vS；Calculate separately between sensor when observing
Difference OADijWith P wave then difference theoretical limit TLPij：
OADij=tj-ti
If sensor TiBe P wave then, TjBe S wave then, when two sensors and focus are located along the same line, between them
Observe that time difference value obtains maximum, and the maximum calculation formula is as follows：
In formula：DADijIt is denoted as sensor TjDelay wave then difference theoretical limit, diFor sensor TiMost to survey edges of regions
Big distance；
According to observing time difference value OADij, P wave then difference theoretical limit TLPij, delay wave then difference theoretical limit DADij,
Establish then difference analytical table 1：
The then difference analytical table of table 1
In table：
Microseismic sensors station residual error is indicated using following formula：
γi=ti-tti
In formula：tiIt is tt when observingiIt is when calculating；Wherein tiIt is not influenced by calculating, therefore station residual error γiMainly by
Tt when calculatingiInfluence；Establish residual analysis table 2：
2 residual analysis table of table
In table：K is residual error coefficient, and k>0；
Be integrated into time difference value analysis, residual analysis and microseismic sensors platform screen cloth set form to in microseism waveform delay wave and
External two class unusual waveforms of extraordinary wave carry out automatic identification rejecting, at the same can also determine each sensor pick up microseism wave P,
S wave type；
The simplex microseism focus is automatically positioned algorithm Simplex, and specific step is as follows：
(1) first by microseism origin time t0It separates, using simplex microseism focus automatic positioning algorithm Simplex to shake
Source space coordinate (x0,y0,z0) solved, origin time t is then calculated again0；
(2) according to IFEP microseism waveform then automatic Picking result and APSI microseism Waveform Auto-specification as a result, rejecting abnormalities wave
Shape signal, while seismic source location is then carried out with velocity of wave using correct, corresponding P wave and S wave；
(3) selection calculates event residual error using L1 norm statistical criteria or L2 norm statistical criteria；
Event residual computations formula based on L1 norm statistical criteria is：
Event residual computations formula based on L2 norm statistical criteria is：
In formula：tmedianIt is all (ti-tti) median；N is the number of effective microseismic sensors station；M indicates freedom degree,
That is the number of unknown number；
The microseism seismic source location Reliability Synthesis appraisement system SLRE includes event residual error index R, sensitivity indexes M and touching
Send out sequence indicator T, and in summary three kinds of Index Establishments microseism seismic source location Comprehensive Reliability Evaluation Index of District P, it can be right
Microseism seismic source location reliability carries out overall merit；Specific step is as follows：
(1) after obtaining microseism focus automatic positioning result using simplex microseism focus automatic positioning algorithm Simplex, SLRE energy
It is enough that overall merit is carried out to positioning accuracy and stability automatically；
(2) the event residual error size being calculated according to L1 norm statistical criteria, determines the evaluation criterion of event residual error index R；
It after microseism wave velocity of wave increases or decreases 10%, is relocated using Simplex, according to reorientation result and original positioning
As a result the size of the error L between, determines the evaluation criterion of sensitivity indexes M；According to observation trigger sequence and calculate triggering sequence
Extent of mismatch between column determines the evaluation criterion of trigger sequence index T in combination with microseism effective sensor number；
(3) microseism seismic source location comprehensive evaluation index P is introduced, and has P=R+M+T, according to the scoring situation of P, SLRE will shake
Source positioning result is divided into 5 grades, respectively A, B, C, D, E, realizes the evaluation of microseism seismic source location Quantitative Reliabilityization.
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| CN113050159B (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-11-16 | 中国矿业大学 | Coal rock hydraulic fracturing crack micro-seismic positioning and propagation mechanism monitoring method |
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