CN106199703A - A kind of microseism focus is automatically positioned and Reliability Synthesis evaluation methodology - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of microseism focus disclosed by the invention is automatically positioned and Reliability Synthesis evaluation methodology, it is adaptable to the microseism focus of the various Geotechnical Engineerings such as mine, tunnel, side slope and oil and gas development is automatically positioned and reliability of positioning evaluation.Including envelope function based on instantaneous frequency and variable-resolution microseism waveform then automatic Picking algorithm IFEP, be automatically positioned based on then difference and residual analysis microseism Waveform Auto-specification method APSI, simplex microseism focus algorithm Simplex, microseism seismic source location Reliability Synthesis appraisement system SLRE tetra-major part；Four parts are orderly combinations, premised on they are mutual and basis, all linked with one another, are that the microseism focus that set of system is complete is automatically positioned and method for evaluating reliability.

Description

A kind of microseism focus is automatically positioned and Reliability Synthesis evaluation methodology

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of microseism focus be automatically positioned and positioning result evaluation methodology, especially one are applicable to ore deposit The method that the microseism focus of the various Geotechnical Engineerings such as mountain, tunnel, side slope and oil and gas development is automatically positioned and reliability of positioning is evaluated, Belong to micro seismic monitoring field.

Background technology

On Microseismic Monitoring Technique is to utilize coal petrography material stand under load to destroy the microseism waveshape signal produced study and evaluate coal petrography A kind of geophysics real time monitoring of stability.In recent years, On Microseismic Monitoring Technique is pre-in the monitoring of mine coal rock dynamic disaster All kinds of Geotechnical Engineerings such as police, oil and gas development, side slope and stability of earth dams monitoring are widely applied.Microseism seismic source location is The important content of On Microseismic Monitoring Technique and study hotspot, along with development and the raising of field requirement of science and technology, high-precision Microseism focus is automatically positioned and positioning result reliability (positioning precision and focus solving system stability) evaluation is micro seismic monitoring Development trend.Micro seismic monitoring platform screen cloth sets, microseism waveform recognition and then pickup, Velocity model, location algorithm are that impact is micro- The principal element of shake seismic source location.Wherein, P, S involve unusual waveforms identification, high accuracy then automatic Picking and sane location Algorithm is High Precision Automatic location key, is also required to provide correct evaluation to being automatically positioned result reliability simultaneously.

Microseism waveform is mainly analyzed by features such as time-frequency, amplitude-frequency, persistent period at present, the identification to background noise Preferable with filtration result, however bigger for P, S ripple and unusual waveforms identification difficulty.Document " Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering ", 8th phase in 2014, Li Nan, " microseism ripple abnormal signal recognition methods based on then difference ", the document is divided according to then difference Analyse and delay ripple and outside two kinds of unusual waveforms signals of extraordinary wave are identified, know without reference to P, S ripple and other unusual waveforms Not.Microseism waveform then picks up main long Short-time Window (STA/LTA) ratio method that uses, but when waveshape signal signal to noise ratio is relatively low or When first motion is inconspicuous, then picking error is relatively big, and the frequecy characteristic that such method does not utilize waveshape signal picks up Time.In terms of microseism location, apply and most be namely based on the various seismic source location methods that then different principle develops, example Such as Geiger method and the various methods improved on this basis, but initial value is relied on higher by this kind of algorithm, works as initial value It is improper to choose, and positioning precision will be substantially reduced, and even can not restrain.The Powell method that proposes in recent years, particle cluster algorithm etc. one Determine in degree, to reduce the degree of dependence to initial value, but the most fundamentally solve solving system divergence problem.Document " coal journal ", the 12nd phase in 2014, Li Nan, " simplex microseism seismic source location method based on L1 norm statistics ", the document Use pure algorithm based on L1 norm statistical criteria to carry out seismic source location, then pickup and unusual waveforms identification are not carried out Discuss, use P, S ripple to position the most simultaneously.It addition, current microseism waveform then automatic Picking precision and microseism focus Be automatically positioned precision and can not meet field demand, a lot of in the case of need manually to be modified, this not only considerably increases work Measure, waste time and energy；And be positioned manually and affected bigger by individuals subjective judgment.Microseism positioning result evaluation aspect master at present Considering the evaluation to positioning precision, but microseism seismic source location evaluation not only should include positioning precision evaluation, it is fixed to should also contain Position estimation of stability, i.e. reliability of positioning overall merit.Document " coal journal ", o. 11th in 2013, Li Nan, " microseism focus Reliability of positioning comprehensive evaluation model ", this document propose and a kind of positioning precision and stability can be carried out thoroughly evaluating Model, but this model will not relate to microseism seismic source location method, and be only that existing positioning result is evaluated.Cause This, lack a kind of have simultaneously microseism focus be automatically positioned with reliability of positioning Function of Evaluation in one integrated approach.

Therefore, invention one collection microseism waveform then automatic Picking, microseism Waveform Auto-specification, microseism focus is automatically fixed Position, reliability of positioning overall merit in one microseism seismic source location and Reliability Synthesis evaluation methodology be significantly.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem: for the problems referred to above, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of microseism focus and is automatically positioned and reliably Property integrated evaluating method, picks up the most automatically by setting up microseism waveform in the micro seismic monitorings such as mine, tunnel, side slope and oil and gas development Take algorithm, P, S involve unusual waveforms automatic identifying method, sane be automatically positioned algorithm, microseism seismic source location Reliability Synthesis Appraisement system, ultimately forms a kind of high-precision microseism focus and is automatically positioned and Reliability Synthesis evaluation methodology, and the method can It is greatly improved microseism focus and is automatically positioned precision, and provide correct reliability of positioning evaluation result, thus be micro seismic monitoring Successful Application lay the foundation.

Technical scheme: a kind of microseism focus is automatically positioned and Reliability Synthesis evaluation methodology, including based on instantaneous frequency and The microseism waveform of the envelope function of variable-resolution then automatic Picking algorithm IFEP, based on then difference and residual analysis microseism Waveform Auto-specification method APSI, simplex microseism focus are automatically positioned algorithm Simplex, microseism seismic source location Reliability Synthesis Appraisement system SLRE tetra-major part；

Described IFEP can automatic Picking high-precision microseism waveform then data, lay the foundation for APSI and Simplex；

Described APSI IFEP automatic Picking then on the basis of, based on then differential analysis and residual analysis, in conjunction with micro- Shake sensor space lays form, automatically identifies the delay ripple in microseism waveform and outside extraordinary wave two class unusual waveforms Reject, P, S ripple type of each sensor pickup microseism ripple can also be determined simultaneously, lay the foundation for Simplex；

Described Simplex can correctly use P, S ripple of correspondence then to carry out focus with velocity of wave and be automatically positioned, and can L1 norm statistical criteria and L2 norm statistical criteria is arbitrarily selected to calculate event residual error；

Described SLRE can carry out effective evaluation to microseism seismic source location reliability (positioning precision and stability)；

IFEP, APSI, Simplex, SLRE tetra-partial order combine, mutually premised on and basis, all linked with one another, formed a set of Complete microseism focus is automatically positioned and method for evaluating reliability.

Described microseism waveform then automatic Picking algorithm IFEP based on instantaneous frequency and the envelope function of variable-resolution, Specifically comprise the following steps that

(1) microseism waveform clock signal is carried out wavelet transformation, obtain the time-frequency two-dimensional Joint Distribution of waveshape signal, pass through Solve the marginal distribution of waveshape signal time-frequency two-dimensional distribution, obtain waveshape signal frequency relation over time；Formula is as follows:

$f\left(t\right)=E(f,t)=\underset{-\mathrm{\∞}}{\overset{+\mathrm{\∞}}{\∫}}{\mathrm{fg}}_{f,t}{d}_f=\underset{-\mathrm{\∞}}{\overset{+\mathrm{\∞}}{\∫}}fG(f,t)d_f$

Thus it is calculated the instantaneous frequency of any time of waveshape signal；In formula: g_f,tRepresent a certain frequency content f to exist The probability that t occurs sometime；

(2) Envelope Analysis resolution d is set；Ask for the waveshape signal all extreme points when resolution d, it is thus achieved that this resolution Extreme point time series data under rate；Use cubic spline interpolation, it is thus achieved that complete envelope function sequence；Change resolution d, thus Obtain the envelope function sequence of different resolution, the final acquisition different resolution signal envelope sequence of function；

(3) variable-resolution that will obtain in the instantaneous frequency of the microseism waveshape signal obtained in step (1) and step (2) Envelope function input as time series, calculate respectively envelope signal and instantaneous frequency long short time-window sequence of ratio values R1 and R2, makes R=R1 × R1, R value is compared with the threshold value set, thus automatic Picking microseism waveform is then, by automatic Picking Microseism waveform when being then referred to as observing, i-th sensor be designated as t when observing_i。

Described based on then difference with residual analysis microseism Waveform Auto-specification method APSI, specifically comprise the following steps that

If arbitrarily two sensors T_iAnd T_jBetween Euclidean distance be 2c_ij, observe according to the IFEP described in claim 2 Then it is respectively t_iAnd t_j, and make t_i＜ t_j；In field measurement micro seismic monitoring region, P wave-wave speed is v_P, S wave-wave speed is v_S；Respectively Calculate and observe time difference value OAD between sensor_ijWith P ripple then difference theoretical limit TLP_ij:

OAD_ij=t_j-t_i

${\mathrm{TLP}}_{ij}=\frac{2c_{ij}}{v_p}$

If sensor T_iBe P ripple then, T_jBe S ripple then, when two sensors and focus are located along the same line, they Between observe that time difference value obtains maximum, and this maximum computing formula is as follows:

${\mathrm{DAD}}_{ij}=\frac{d_i+2c_{ij}}{v_s}-\frac{d_i}{v_p}=d_i\left(\frac{v_p-v_s}{v_p{v}_s}\right)+\frac{2c_{ij}}{v_s}$

In formula: DAD_ijIt is designated as sensor T_jDelay ripple then difference theoretical limit, d_iFor sensor T_iTo surveying edges of regions Ultimate range；

According to observing time difference value OAD_ij, P ripple then difference theoretical limit TLP_ij, postpone ripple then difference theoretical limit DAD_ij, set up then difference analytical table 1:

Table 1 then difference analytical table

In table:

Microseismic sensors station residual error uses following formula to be indicated:

γ_i=t_i-tt_i

In formula: t_iWhen being to observe, tt_iWhen being to calculate；Wherein t_iDo not affected by calculating, therefore station residual error γ_iMain Tt when being walked by calculating_iImpact；Set up residual analysis table 2:

Table 2 residual analysis table

In table: k is residual error coefficient, and k ＞ 0.

According to then differential analysis, residual analysis, in combination with microseismic sensors platform net spatial arrangement form, to microseism ripple Delay ripple in shape and outside extraordinary wave two class unusual waveforms are identified rejecting, and can also identify simultaneously and determine each sensor P, S ripple type of pickup microseism ripple, lays the foundation for seismic source location.

Described simplex microseism focus is automatically positioned algorithm Simplex, specifically comprises the following steps that

(1) first by microseism origin time t₀Separate, use simplex microseism focus to be automatically positioned algorithm Simplex To focus space coordinates (x₀,y₀,z₀) solve, calculate origin time t0 the most again；

(2) described in IFEP microseism waveform then automatic Picking result according to claim 2 and claim 3 APSI microseism Waveform Auto-specification result, rejecting abnormalities waveshape signal, use correct, corresponding P ripple and S ripple then simultaneously and Velocity of wave carries out seismic source location；

(3) select to use L1 norm statistical criteria or L2 norm statistical criteria to calculate event residual error；

Event residual computations formula based on L1 norm statistical criteria is:

$E_{L1}=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}|t_i-t_{ti}-t_{median}|}{n-m}$

Event residual computations formula based on L2 norm statistical criteria is:

$E_{L2}=\sqrt{\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}{\mathrm{\γ}}_i^2}{n-m}}$

In formula: t_medianIt is all (t_i-tt_i) median；N is the number of effective microseismic sensors station；M represents freely Degree, i.e. the number of unknown number.

Described microseism seismic source location Reliability Synthesis appraisement system SLRE, comprises event residual error index R, sensitivity indexes M With trigger sequence index T, and three kinds of Index Establishments of summary microseism seismic source location Comprehensive Reliability Evaluation Index of District P, energy Enough microseism seismic source location reliability is carried out overall merit；Specifically comprise the following steps that

(1) utilize the simplex microseism focus described in claim 4 to be automatically positioned algorithm Simplex and obtain microseism focus certainly After dynamic positioning result, SLRE can carry out overall merit to positioning precision and stability automatically；

(2) according to L1 norm statistical criteria calculated event residual error size, the evaluation mark of event residual error index R is determined Accurate；After microseism wave-wave speed is increased or decreased 10%, Simplex is used to reorientate, according to reorientation result with original The size of error L between positioning result, determines the evaluation criterion of sensitivity indexes M；Touch according to observation trigger sequence and calculating Send out the extent of mismatch between sequence, in combination with microseism effective sensor number, determine the evaluation criterion of trigger sequence index T；

(3) introduce microseism seismic source location comprehensive evaluation index P, and have P=R+M+T, according to the scoring situation of P, SLRE Seismic source location result is divided into 5 grades, respectively A, B, C, D, E, it is achieved that microseism seismic source location Quantitative Reliability is commented Valency.

Beneficial effect: the present invention is that the microseism focus of a kind of system is automatically positioned and reliability of positioning integrated evaluating method (AMSLRE), it is achieved that microseism waveform then automatic Picking, microseism Waveform Auto-specification, focus are automatically positioned and position reliably Property overall merit, its major advantage is:

(1) IFEP envelope function based on instantaneous frequency and variable-resolution carries out microseism waveform then automatic Picking, holds concurrently Turn round and look at amplitude and the frequency information of microseism waveform, for the microseism waveshape signal that signal to noise ratio is relatively low, greatly improved then certainly Dynamic pickup precision, thus be automatically positioned lay the foundation for microseism Waveform Auto-specification and microseism focus.

(2) APSI need not be identified microseism ripple type by complicated waveform analysis, but based on then difference It is different to the delay ripple in microseism waveform and outside extraordinary wave two kinds that analysis, residual analysis and microseismic sensors platform screen cloth set form Ordinary wave shape automatically identifies and rejects, and can also identify P, S ripple type determining each sensor pickup microseism ripple simultaneously, for Use corresponding P, S ripple then to carry out seismic source location with velocity of wave to lay the foundation.

(3) simplex microseism seismic source location algorithm (Simplex) need not solve partial derivative and inverse matrix, greatly reduces Amount of calculation, and do not have divergence problem, so that the process of calculating is more stable and strong.Additionally Simplex can be simultaneously Use corresponding P, S ripple then to carry out seismic source location with velocity of wave, and also be able to use L1 norm statistical criteria or L2 model flexibly Number statistical criteria, thus be greatly improved microseism focus and be automatically positioned precision.

(4) microseism seismic source location Reliability Synthesis appraisement system (SLRE) combines event residual error index R, sensitivity indexes M and trigger sequence index T, can not only be evaluated microseism seismic source location precision, additionally it is possible to Position-Solving system with fixed Position result stability carries out effective evaluation；SLRE gives quantitatively evaluating standard and the focus of correspondence of comprehensive evaluation index P Location divided rank, it is achieved that microseism seismic source location Quantitative Reliabilityization is evaluated.

(5) AMSLRE is the orderly combination of IFEP, APSI, Simplex and SLRE, is the microseism focus that set of system is complete It is automatically positioned and method for evaluating reliability, premised on IFEP, APSI, Simplex and SLRE are all linked with one another, mutual and basis, finally Realize high accuracy microseism focus to be automatically positioned and reliability of positioning overall merit.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is to postpone ripple then differential analysis schematic diagram.

Fig. 2 is the simplex mobile example in the error space.

Fig. 3 is that a kind of microseism focus is automatically positioned and Reliability Synthesis evaluation methodology (AMSLRE) main contents and flow process Figure.

Fig. 4 is IFEP microseism waveform then automatic Picking example.Give the on-the-spot microseism of two of which difference signal to noise ratio Waveform uses IFEP automatic Picking example then, and Fig. 4 (a) is that the on-the-spot microseism waveform of high s/n ratio uses IFEP automatic Picking Instance graph then, Fig. 4 (b) is that the on-the-spot microseism waveform of low signal-to-noise ratio uses IFEP automatic Picking instance graph then.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described:

The microseism focus of the present invention is automatically positioned and Reliability Synthesis evaluation methodology, and specific embodiments is as follows:

(1) microseism waveform then automatic Picking algorithm (IFEP) based on instantaneous frequency and the envelope function of variable-resolution According to Wavelet Analysis Theory, microseism waveform clock signal is carried out wavelet transformation, obtains time-frequency two-dimensional Joint Distribution:

g_f,t=G (f, t) value g of any point on (1) time-frequency figure_f,tRepresent a certain frequency content f to occur at t sometime Probability.

By solving the marginal distribution of waveshape signal time-frequency two-dimensional distribution, obtain waveshape signal frequency and close over time System.Its formula is as follows:

$f\left(t\right)=E(f,t)=\underset{-\mathrm{\∞}}{\overset{+\mathrm{\∞}}{\∫}}{\mathrm{fg}}_{f,t}{d}_f=\underset{-\mathrm{\∞}}{\overset{+\mathrm{\∞}}{\∫}}fG(f,t)d_f---\left(2\right)$

Formula (2) is the instantaneous frequency computing formula of waveshape signal, can accurately obtain waveshape signal according to formula (2) The instantaneous frequency of any time, thus for then laying the foundation from the frequecy characteristic automatic Picking of waveshape signal.

Envelope Analysis is a kind of signal analysis method conventional in engineering, and the basic feature point forming envelope is waveform letter Number extreme point.It is specific as follows that the envelope function of variable-resolution realizes step:

A. whole extreme points of waveshape signal are obtained；

B. Envelope Analysis resolution d is set；

C. the waveshape signal all extreme points when resolution d are asked for, it is thus achieved that the extreme point time series data under this resolution；

D. cubic spline interpolation is used, it is thus achieved that complete envelope function sequence；

E. return the first step, repeat the above steps, obtain the envelope function sequence of different resolution.Finally, it is thus achieved that different Resolution signal envelope function sequence.

The instantaneous frequency of microseism waveshape signal and the envelope function of variable-resolution are inputted as time series, counts respectively Calculate envelope signal and long short time-window sequence of ratio values R1 of instantaneous frequency and R2, make R=R1 × R1, R value is entered with the threshold value set Row compares, thus automatic Picking microseism waveform is then, and when being then referred to as observing by the microseism waveform of automatic Picking, i-th passes Sensor be designated as t when observing_i.Thus be automatically positioned lay the foundation for microseism Waveform Auto-specification and microseism focus.

(2) based on then difference and residual analysis microseism Waveform Auto-specification method (APSI)

If arbitrarily two sensors T_iAnd T_jBetween Euclidean distance be 2c_ij, when they observe, it is respectively t_iAnd t_j, and make t_i＜ t_j；In field measurement micro seismic monitoring region, P wave-wave speed is v_P, S wave-wave speed is v_S；According to formula (3) and formula (4) difference Calculate and observe time difference value OAD between sensor_ijWith P ripple then difference theoretical limit TLP_ij:

OAD_ij=t_j-t_i (3)

${\mathrm{TLP}}_{ij}=\frac{2c_{ij}}{v_p}---\left(4\right)$

As it is shown in figure 1, set sensor T_iBe P ripple then, T_jBe S ripple then, when two sensors and focus are positioned at same straight line Time upper, observing that time difference value obtained maximum between them, and this maximum computing formula is as follows:

${\mathrm{DAD}}_{ij}=\frac{d_i+2c_{ij}}{v_s}-\frac{d_i}{v_p}=d_i\left(\frac{v_p-v_s}{v_p{v}_s}\right)+\frac{2c_{ij}}{v_s}---\left(5\right)$

DAD in above formula_ijIt is designated as sensor T_jDelay ripple then difference theoretical limit, d_iFor sensor T_iTo surveying regional edge The ultimate range of edge, uses formula (5) computing relay ripple then difference theoretical limit.

According to observing time difference value OAD_ij, P ripple then difference theoretical limit TLP_ij, postpone ripple then difference theoretical limit DAD_ij, set up then difference analytical table (table 1).

Table 1 then difference analytical table

Note: wherein

Microseismic sensors station residual error can be indicated with following formula:

γ_i=t_i-tt_i (6)

In above formula, t_iWhen being to observe, tt_iWhen being to calculate.Wherein t_iDo not affected by calculating, therefore station residual error γ_i Tt when mainly being walked by calculating_iImpact.According to formula (6), set up residual analysis table (table 2).

Table 2 residual analysis table

Note: in table, k is residual error coefficient, and k ＞ 0, and in application, k chooses according to practical situation.

According to then differential analysis, residual analysis, in combination with microseismic sensors platform net spatial arrangement form, to microseism ripple Delay ripple in shape and outside extraordinary wave two class unusual waveforms are identified rejecting, and can also identify simultaneously and determine each sensor P, S ripple type of pickup microseism ripple, lays the foundation for seismic source location.

(3) simplex microseism seismic source location algorithm (Simplex)

It is respectively adopted L1 norm statistical criteria and L2 norm statistical criteria calculates time residual error, wherein add up based on L1 norm The event residual computations formula of criterion is:

$E_{L1}=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}|t_i-t_{ti}-t_{median}|}{n-m}---\left(7\right)$

T in formula (7)_medianIt is all (t_i-tt_i) median.

Event residual computations formula based on L2 norm statistical criteria is:

$E_{L2}=\sqrt{\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}{\mathrm{\γ}}_i^2}{n-m}}---\left(8\right)$

In formula (7) and (8), n is the number of effective microseismic sensors station；M represents degree of freedom, i.e. the number of unknown number, M=4 in microseism seismic source location.

The enforcement key step of simplex microseism seismic source location algorithm (Simplex) is as follows:

A. by microseism origin time t₀Separate, to focus space coordinates (x₀,y₀,z₀) solve, calculate the most again Origin time t₀；

B. optional 4 points in micro seismic monitoring region, construct initial simplex with these four points for summit；

C. according to IFEP microseism waveform then automatic Picking result and APSI microseism Waveform Auto-specification result, rejecting abnormalities Waveshape signal, chooses P, S ripple of correspondence then and velocity of wave simultaneously；

D. use L1 norm statistical criteria (formula (7)) or L2 norm statistical criteria (formula (8)) calculate simplex each The event residual error on summit；

E. it is respectively compared the event residual error of four points, determines maximum and minima；According to extending, map, shrink, compressing Four kinds of variations find new summit in the error space, form new simplex；

F. repeat above step, constantly move simplex, until obtaining optimal focus space coordinates or meeting iteration eventually Only during condition, iteration ends, calculate microseism origin time simultaneously, finally give microseism seismic source location result (x₀,y₀,z₀,t₀)。 Fig. 2 represents simplex iterative process in the error space.

(4) microseism seismic source location Reliability Synthesis appraisement system (SLRE)

Event residual error can reflect the size of position error to a certain extent, it is proposed that evaluate microseism seismic source location essence Event residual error index R of degree.L1 norm statistical criteria (formula (7)) is used to calculate event residual error, according to event residual error size, To the evaluation criterion of event residual error index R, refer to table 3.

Table 3 event residual error metrics evaluation standard

Note: in table, α is event residual GM coefficient.

After microseism wave-wave speed is increased or decreased 10%, Simplex is used to reorientate, by reorientation result with former Error between the positioning result come is designated as L, L and following formula can be used to calculate:

L=S ' (x₀,y0,z₀)|_v′=v ± 10_%v-S(x₀,y0,z₀) (9)

In above formula, M is sensitivity indexes, S (x₀,y₀,z₀) it is original positioning result, S ' (x₀,y₀,z₀) it is microseism wave velocity After being increased or decreased 10%, in the case of using identical seismic source location method, the reorientation result obtained.

The most stable resistivity to input data of system is the strongest, therefore according to formula (9), proposes to evaluate microseism Sensitivity indexes M of seismic source location stability.According to the size of reorientation error L, determine the evaluation criterion of sensitivity indexes M, Refer to table 4.

Table 4 sensitivity indexes evaluation criterion

Note: in table, β is sensitivity correction factor.

According to observation trigger sequence and the extent of mismatch that calculates between trigger sequence, trigger sequence is divided into I, II, III, IV, V totally 5 grades, its middle grade is the highest shows to observe trigger sequence and the extent of mismatch calculated between trigger sequence is the least； Simultaneously in order to consider that seismic source location is affected by microseismic sensors platform net, in conjunction with effective number of sensors, foundation can be evaluated simultaneously Microseism seismic source location precision and trigger sequence index T of position stability, concrete evaluation criterion is as shown in table 5.

Table 5 trigger sequence metrics evaluation standard

In sum, introduce microseism seismic source location Comprehensive Reliability Evaluation Index of District P, and make P=R+M+T, thus set up micro- Shake seismic source location reliability (positioning precision and stability) overall evaluation system (SLRE), draws seismic source location result according to SLRE It is divided into 5 grades, respectively A, B, C, D, E.The evaluation criterion of SLRE is as shown in table 6.

Table 6 microseism seismic source location Reliability Synthesis appraisement system

(6) IFEP, APSI, Simplex, SLRE are combined in order, set up microseism focus and be automatically positioned and Reliability Synthesis Evaluation methodology (AMSLRE), main contents and the flow process of AMSLRE are shown in Fig. 3.

Microseismic monitoring system has 16 sensors, is designated as T1 (x respectively₁,y₁,z₁),T2(x₂,y₂,z₂),T3(x₃,y₃, z₃),…,T16(x₁₆,y₁₆,z₁₆), micro seismic monitoring region carries out the human-generated explosives experiment of known hypocentral location, explosion events (x, y, z, t), wherein t is blasting time to be designated as B；It is that 4158m/s, S wave-wave speed is according to field measurement microseism ripple P wave-wave speed 2483m/s。

During 18 days 15 May in 2016 37 points 30 seconds 879 milliseconds carried out a human-generated explosives test in micro seismic monitoring region. The space coordinates accurately measuring this human-generated explosives event is x=2672.2, y=4712.8, z=-132.5, by this human-generated explosives Event is designated as B (2672.2,4712.8 ,-132.5,879).

Microseismic monitoring system have received this explosion events induction microseism waveform, initially with IFEP automatic Picking each Then, Fig. 4 gives the on-the-spot microseism waveform of two of which difference signal to noise ratio and uses the microseism waveform that microseismic sensors receives IFEP automatic Picking example then, as can be seen from the figure for low signal-to-noise ratio microseism waveshape signal (Fig. 4 (b)) IFEP still So can the high-precision waveform of automatic Picking then.Each sensor using IFEP automatic Picking then refers to table 7.

Table 7 IFEP automatic Picking sensor is then

Note: "/" represents that respective sensor is not received by microseism waveform.

According to formula (3), (4), (5), by being calculated the then difference analytical table of this explosion events, refer to table 8.

Table 8 explosion events then difference analytical table

According to then difference analytical table, sensor T16 and T1 pickup is all to postpone ripple then, and therefore they should not participate in Location Calculation.

Carrying out residual analysis according to formula (6), in the present embodiment, residual error coefficient k is set as 1.2.Residual analysis the results are shown in Table 9。

Table 9 explosion events residual analysis table

According to residual analysis, sensor T3 pickup is then modified to S ripple then.Therefore, based on then difference and residual error The explosion events microseism waveform recognition result that analysis microseism Waveform Auto-specification method (APSI) obtains is as shown in table 10.

Table 10 APSI explosion events microseism waveform recognition result

IFEP automatic Picking then with APSI microseism waveform recognition on the basis of, use simplex microseism seismic source location calculate Method (Simplex) carries out focus to explosion events B and is automatically positioned, and is automatically positioned result as shown in table 11.

Table 11 Simplex focus is automatically positioned result

Part uses microseism seismic source location Reliability Synthesis appraisement system (SLRE) automatically fixed to the microseism focus of explosion events Position reliability is evaluated, and wherein event residual error index R must be divided into 8, and sensitivity indexes M must be divided into-2, triggers sequence indicator T by mistake Must be divided into 4, comprehensive evaluation index P must be divided into:

P=R+M+T=8+ (-2)+4=10 (10)

Microseism seismic source location Reliability Synthesis evaluation result is shown in Table 12 in detail.

Table 12 SLRE reliability of positioning comprehensive evaluation result

Knowable to embodiment, a kind of microseism focus of the present invention is automatically positioned and Reliability Synthesis evaluation methodology (AMSLRE), not only achieve high-precision microseism focus and be automatically positioned, and meet being automatically positioned reliability evaluation result Practical situation.

Although above-described embodiment compares detailed description to technical scheme, but is not to this Bright restriction, any modify to technical scheme or replaces on an equal basis, without deviating from technical solution of the present invention Connotation and scope, all should contain in scope of the presently claimed invention.

Claims (5)

1. a microseism focus is automatically positioned and Reliability Synthesis evaluation methodology, it is characterised in that: include based on instantaneous frequency and The microseism waveform of the envelope function of variable-resolution then automatic Picking algorithm IFEP, based on then difference and residual analysis microseism Waveform Auto-specification method APSI, simplex microseism focus are automatically positioned algorithm Simplex, microseism seismic source location Reliability Synthesis Appraisement system SLRE tetra-major part；

Described IFEP can automatic Picking high-precision microseism waveform then data, lay the foundation for APSI and Simplex；

Described APSI IFEP automatic Picking then on the basis of, based on then differential analysis and residual analysis, pass in conjunction with microseism Sensor spatial arrangement form, automatically identifies pick the delay ripple in microseism waveform and outside extraordinary wave two class unusual waveforms Remove, P, S ripple type of each sensor pickup microseism ripple can also be determined simultaneously, lay the foundation for Simplex；

Described Simplex can correctly use P, S ripple of correspondence then to carry out focus with velocity of wave and be automatically positioned, and can be any L1 norm statistical criteria and L2 norm statistical criteria is selected to calculate event residual error；

Described SLRE can carry out effective evaluation to microseism seismic source location reliability；

IFEP, APSI, Simplex, SLRE tetra-partial order combine, mutually premised on and basis, all linked with one another, form complete set Microseism focus be automatically positioned and method for evaluating reliability.

A kind of microseism focus the most according to claim 1 is automatically positioned and Reliability Synthesis evaluation methodology, it is characterised in that: Described microseism waveform then automatic Picking algorithm IFEP, concrete steps of based on instantaneous frequency and the envelope function of variable-resolution As follows:

(1) microseism waveform clock signal is carried out wavelet transformation, obtain the time-frequency two-dimensional Joint Distribution of waveshape signal, by solving The marginal distribution of waveshape signal time-frequency two-dimensional distribution, obtains waveshape signal frequency relation over time；Formula is as follows:

$f\left(t\right)=E(f,t)=\underset{-\mathrm{\∞}}{\overset{+\mathrm{\∞}}{\∫}}{\mathrm{fg}}_{f,t}{d}_f=\underset{-\mathrm{\∞}}{\overset{+\mathrm{\∞}}{\∫}}fG(f,t)d_f$

Thus it is calculated the instantaneous frequency of any time of waveshape signal；In formula: g_f,tRepresent a certain frequency content f at certain The probability that moment t occurs；

(2) Envelope Analysis resolution d is set；Ask for the waveshape signal all extreme points when resolution d, it is thus achieved that under this resolution Extreme point time series data；Use cubic spline interpolation, it is thus achieved that complete envelope function sequence；Change resolution d, thus obtain The envelope function sequence of different resolution, the final acquisition different resolution signal envelope sequence of function；

(3) bag of variable-resolution that will obtain in the instantaneous frequency of the microseism waveshape signal obtained in step (1) and step (2) Network function inputs as time series, calculates envelope signal and long short time-window sequence of ratio values R1 of instantaneous frequency and R2 respectively, makes R =R1 × R1, compares R value with the threshold value set, thus automatic Picking microseism waveform is then, by the microseism of automatic Picking When waveform is then referred to as observing, i-th sensor be designated as t when observing_i。

A kind of microseism focus the most according to claim 2 is automatically positioned and Reliability Synthesis evaluation methodology, it is characterised in that: If arbitrarily two sensors T_iAnd T_jBetween Euclidean distance be 2c_ij, when observing according to the IFEP described in claim 2 respectively For t_iAnd t_j, and make t_i＜ t_j；In field measurement micro seismic monitoring region, P wave-wave speed is v_P, S wave-wave speed is v_S；Calculate sensing respectively Time difference value OAD is observed between device_ijWith P ripple then difference theoretical limit TLP_ij:

OAD_ij=t_j-t_i

${\mathrm{TLP}}_{ij}=\frac{2c_{ij}}{v_p}$

If sensor T_iBe P ripple then, T_jBe S ripple then, when two sensors and focus are located along the same line, between them Observe that time difference value obtains maximum, and this maximum computing formula is as follows:

${\mathrm{DAD}}_{ij}=\frac{d_i+2c_{ij}}{v_s}-\frac{d_i}{v_p}=d_i\left(\frac{v_p-v_s}{v_p{v}_s}\right)+\frac{2c_{ij}}{v_s}$

In formula: DAD_ijIt is designated as sensor T_jDelay ripple then difference theoretical limit, d_iFor sensor T_iTo surveying edges of regions Big distance；

According to observing time difference value OAD_ij, P ripple then difference theoretical limit TLP_ij, postpone ripple then difference theoretical limit DAD_ij, Set up then difference analytical table 1:

Table 1 then difference analytical table

In table:

Microseismic sensors station residual error uses following formula to be indicated:

γ_i=t_i-tt_i

In formula: t_iWhen being to observe, tt_iWhen being to calculate；Wherein t_iDo not affected by calculating, therefore station residual error γ_iMainly it is subject to Tt when calculating_iImpact；Set up residual analysis table 2:

Table 2 residual analysis table

In table: k is residual error coefficient, and k ＞ 0；

Be integrated into time difference value analysis, residual analysis and microseismic sensors platform screen cloth set form to the delay ripple in microseism waveform and Outside extraordinary wave two class unusual waveforms identifies rejecting automatically, can also determine simultaneously each sensor pickup microseism ripple P, S ripple type.

A kind of microseism focus the most according to claim 3 is automatically positioned and Reliability Synthesis evaluation methodology, it is characterised in that: Described simplex microseism focus is automatically positioned algorithm Simplex, specifically comprises the following steps that

(1) first by microseism origin time t₀Separate, use simplex microseism focus to be automatically positioned algorithm Simplex to shake Source space coordinate (x₀,y₀,z₀) solve, calculate origin time t the most again₀；

(2) IFEP microseism waveform then automatic Picking result according to claim 2 and the APSI described in claim 3 are micro- The automatic recognition result of seismic wave shape, rejecting abnormalities waveshape signal, use correct, corresponding P ripple and S ripple then to enter with velocity of wave simultaneously Row seismic source location；

(3) select to use L1 norm statistical criteria or L2 norm statistical criteria to calculate event residual error；

Event residual computations formula based on L1 norm statistical criteria is:

$E_{L1}=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}|t_i-t_{ti}-t_{median}|}{n-m}$

Event residual computations formula based on L2 norm statistical criteria is:

$E_{L2}=\sqrt{\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\Σ}}{\mathrm{\γ}}_i^2}{n-m}}$

In formula: t_medianIt is all (t_i-tt_i) median；N is the number of effective microseismic sensors station；M represents degree of freedom, The i.e. number of unknown number.

A kind of microseism focus the most according to claim 4 is automatically positioned and Reliability Synthesis evaluation methodology, it is characterised in that: Described microseism seismic source location Reliability Synthesis appraisement system SLRE, comprises event residual error index R, sensitivity indexes M and triggers sequence Row index T, and three kinds of Index Establishments of summary microseism seismic source location Comprehensive Reliability Evaluation Index of District P, it is possible to microseism Seismic source location reliability carries out overall merit；Specifically comprise the following steps that

(1) utilize the simplex microseism focus described in claim 4 to be automatically positioned algorithm Simplex and obtain microseism focus automatically calmly After the result of position, SLRE can carry out overall merit to positioning precision and stability automatically；

(2) according to L1 norm statistical criteria calculated event residual error size, the evaluation criterion of event residual error index R is determined； After microseism wave-wave speed is increased or decreased 10%, Simplex is used to reorientate, according to reorientation result and original location The size of error L between result, determines the evaluation criterion of sensitivity indexes M；Sequence is triggered according to observation trigger sequence and calculating Extent of mismatch between row, in combination with microseism effective sensor number, determines the evaluation criterion of trigger sequence index T；

(3) introducing microseism seismic source location comprehensive evaluation index P, and have P=R+M+T, according to the scoring situation of P, SLRE will shake Source location result is divided into 5 grades, respectively A, B, C, D, E, it is achieved that microseism seismic source location Quantitative Reliabilityization is evaluated.