CN103837895B - Matching preliminary wave obtains the method for short-period static corrections - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of method that matching preliminary wave obtains short-period static corrections.Described method includes: reception point A) choosing on survey line, obtains and receives, with described, the shot point set that point is corresponding；B) pickup is corresponding to the first first arrival time collection of the described common receiving point gather receiving point and shot point set；C) the first first arrival time collection to the common receiving point gather picked up carries out spline restraint matching to obtain the second first arrival time collection after spline restraint matching；D) the second first arrival time collection after the first first arrival time collection based on described common receiving point gather and spline restraint matching obtains the described Value of residual static correction receiving point.Seismic profile imaging effect can be made good by this method and computational efficiency is high.

Description

Matching preliminary wave obtains the method for short-period static corrections

Technical field

The present invention relates to seismic prospecting data process field.More particularly, a kind of acquisition intricately is related to The method of the static correction value of district's two dimension data.

Background technology

Static correction problem is a bottleneck problem of restriction China complex area oil-gas exploration development.Static correction Problem is divided into long wavelength, short wavelength's Correction Problems, and the quality of shorter-wavelength statics Resolving probiems directly shadow Ring seismic profile imaging effect, so residual static correction problem is carried out by large quantities of seismic survey work persons Numerous studies, define preliminary wave, refracted wave, echo residual static corrections.

Residual static corrections based on echo combine with velocity pick successive ignition calculate, in data The quality preferably available better effects in area, but in such as mountain region, desert, the area such as thick loess tableland, Hypsography is big, the change of near-surface velocity, thickness acutely, excite, condition of acceptance poor, data signal to noise ratio Low, cause echo residual static corrections to lose efficacy because the model trace built is difficult to see effectively reflection, Therefore it was necessary to do preliminary wave, refracted wave residual static correction before doing echo residual static correction.

Refraction residual static corrections achieves certain effect in some areas, but this method also needs Will pair time window in geological data do cross-correlation, amount of calculation is relatively big, calculates time-consuming long.It addition, refracted wave Although energy is stronger, easy to identify, but some seismic channels are because condition of acceptance is poor, and singular value occurs in refracted wave, The accuracy that impact calculates.And preliminary wave residual static corrections, can man-machine associating first break picking time, go Except insecure singular point, it is ensured that result of calculation is accurately, reliably.

Premise when residual static corrections based on preliminary wave pickup postpones is that first arrival time is fitted to one Bar Trendline, has scholar to apply the mathematical methods such as method of least square that first arrival time fits to straight line, Or substep length fits to a broken line.The former needs to limit first arrival time according to offset distance, then Available first arrival time quantity can reduce, and the reliability of statistical information can reduce；The weak point of the latter exists Direct wave, refracted wave, echo cannot be automatically identified, it is impossible to judge which first arrival time is come in computer From same layer, it is not the most accurate for causing result of calculation.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of acquisition that seismic profile imaging effect is good and computational efficiency is high The method of preliminary wave Value of residual static correction.

To achieve these goals, according to an aspect of the present invention, it is provided that a kind of matching preliminary wave obtains The method of short-period static corrections, including: A) choose the reception point on survey line, obtain and described reception point Corresponding shot point set；B) pickup is corresponding to the of the described common receiving point gather receiving point and shot point set One first arrival time collection；C) the first first arrival time collection of the common receiving point gather picked up is carried out spline restraint Matching is to obtain the second first arrival time collection after spline restraint matching；D) based on described common receiving point gather The second first arrival time collection after first first arrival time collection and spline restraint matching obtains the described residue receiving point Static correction value.

Alternatively, step D) comprise the steps that D1) by the first first arrival time Ji Bao of described common receiving point gather The second first arrival time after each first arrival time included and matching concentrates corresponding first arrival time to do difference, and will Each difference doing after the recovery adds up；D2) based on described shot point number corresponding to point that receive to D1) middle added up Difference do averagely, obtain described receive point Value of residual static correction.

Alternatively, described method may also include that E) detect whether described reception point is last on survey line Point, when described reception point is not point last on survey line, changes and receives point, return execution step A) with Reception point on survey line is traveled through, and obtains all Value of residual static corrections receiving point on survey line.

According to a further aspect in the invention, it is provided that a kind of matching preliminary wave obtains short-period static corrections Method, including: A) choose the shot point on survey line, obtain the reception point set corresponding with described shot point；B) Pick up the first first arrival time collection corresponding to described shot point and the common-shot-gather receiving some set；C) to institute First first arrival time collection of the common-shot-gather of pickup carries out spline restraint matching to obtain spline restraint matching After the second first arrival time collection；D) the first first arrival time collection and spline restraint based on described common-shot-gather The second first arrival time collection after matching obtains the Value of residual static correction of described shot point.

Alternatively, step D) comprise the steps that D1) the first first arrival time collection of described common-shot-gather is included Each first arrival time and matching after the second first arrival time concentrate corresponding first arrival time to do difference, and will be every The individual difference doing after the recovery adds up；D2) based on the reception point quantity corresponding with described shot point to D1) in added up Difference do averagely, obtain the Value of residual static correction of described shot point.

Alternatively, described method may also include that E) detect whether described shot point is point last on survey line, When described shot point is not point last on survey line, change shot point, return and perform step A) with on survey line Shot point travel through, and obtain the Value of residual static correction of all shot points on survey line.

By aspect other for the part elaboration present invention in following description and/or advantage, some Be will be apparent from by description, or can learn through the enforcement of the present invention.

Accompanying drawing explanation

By the detailed description carried out below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, above and other objects of the present invention, feature and Advantage will become apparent, wherein:

It is quiet that Fig. 1 shows that matching preliminary wave acquisition according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention receives some short wavelength The flow chart of the method for correcting value；

Fig. 2 shows that matching preliminary wave obtains the quiet school of shot point short wavelength according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention The flow chart of the method for positive quantity.

Detailed description of the invention

Hereinafter, the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, exemplary embodiment it are more fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings Shown in the drawings.However, it is possible to be embodied in many different forms exemplary embodiment, and should not It is construed as limited to exemplary embodiment set forth herein.On the contrary, it is provided that these embodiments thus these public affairs Opening will be thorough and complete, and the scope of exemplary embodiment fully will convey to the technology of this area Personnel.

Fig. 1 shows that matching preliminary wave obtains the flow chart of the method receiving some short-period static corrections.

With reference to Fig. 1, in step S101, choose the reception point on survey line, obtain corresponding with described reception point Shot point set.

Such as, can have the big gun of described reception period by retrieval in the shot point aggregate information of seismic data The mode of point obtains and receives, with described, the shot point set that point is corresponding.

In step S102, pick up first corresponding to the described common receiving point gather receiving point and shot point set First arrival time collection.

First arrival time information is retrieved there is described reception period and acquisition in step S101 simultaneously The first arrival time of the shot point number that shot point set includes, to obtain the first first arrival time collection.

In step S103, the first first arrival time collection of the common receiving point gather picked up is carried out spline restraint Matching is to obtain the second first arrival time collection after spline restraint matching.

It is, for example possible to use shot point coordinate sets up first arrival time and the function of shot point coordinate as variable, right The function of first arrival time and shot point coordinate carries out spline restraint matching.

In step S104, the first first arrival time collection based on described common receiving point gather and spline restraint matching After second first arrival time collection obtain described receive point Value of residual static correction.

Such as, each first arrival time that the first first arrival time collection of described common receiving point gather can be included and The second first arrival time after matching concentrates corresponding first arrival time to do difference, and each difference doing after the recovery is tired out Add；Can connect described in acquisition based on added up difference being done averagely with the described shot point number receiving point corresponding The Value of residual static correction of sink.

Element one to one is included as an example, the first first arrival time collection and the second first arrival time collection, First arrival time concentrates corresponding element poor can to subtract the first by each element that the second first arrival time is concentrated Value, obtains meansigma methods, the meansigma methods obtained divided by shot point number after the difference subtracted each other by each element is cumulative It it is the described Value of residual static correction receiving point.

Additionally, described method can also include the steps of (not shown): can detect whether described reception point is on survey line Last point, when described reception point is not point last on survey line, changes and receives point, return and perform step Rapid S102 to travel through the reception point on survey line, and obtains all receptions on survey line to step S104 The Value of residual static correction of point.

Will be shown below the specific embodiment of method of matching preliminary wave acquisition short-period static corrections with to step Rapid S101 illustrates to step S104.

As an example, receive some R with one_jAs a example by, first obtain own corresponding with this reception point Shot point S_i, i=1,2 ..., N.

Pickup receives some R_jFirst arrival time Ti with the common receiving point gather corresponding to each shot point_j。

Extracting all corresponding common-shot-gathers, the initial value time concentrating road is fitted processing, To receiving some R_jFirst arrival time T new with the common receiving point gather corresponding to each shot point ' i_j。

The specific implementation method of matching is as follows:

By coordinate points and first arrival time by being expressed as

f(x_i)=y_i,i=0,1,...,n

Wherein, x_iRepresent shot point coordinate, y_iRepresent corresponding first arrival time, and order

x₀<x₁<...<x_n

Want fitting function f (x_i)=y_iObtain function g (x) after matching=y must meet

$\min \underset{x_0}{\overset{x_n}{\&Integral;}}{g\&prime;\&prime;\left(x\right)}^2\mathrm{dx}---\left(1\right)$

And band Constrained

$\underset{i=0}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\left(\frac{g\left(x_i\right)-y_i}{\mathrm{\&delta;}{y}_i}\right)}^2\&le;s,g\&Element;C^2[x_0,x_n]---\left(2\right)$

Wherein δ y_iBeing the parameter being provided previously by with S >=0, p is Lagrange coefficient.δy_iFor controlling matching letter The parameter of number smoothness；S is the parameter controlling the fitting function degree of deviation, i.e. S is the biggest, it is allowed to fitting function The biggest with the degree of deviation of origin node.(1) the first arrival time function after formula makes matching becomes smooth, and (2) formula makes Obtain the first arrival time function after matching and keep original variation tendency as far as possible.S typically takes scope

N-(2N)^1/2≤S≤N+(2N)^1/2,N=n+1

When S takes 0, this fitting problems deteriorates to interpolation problem.

Ask minimum problem to be converted into solve functional minimum problem, i.e. by above-mentioned belt restraining

$\min J=\underset{x_0}{\overset{x_n}{\&Integral;}}g\&prime;\&prime;{\left(x\right)}^2\mathrm{dx}+p\{\underset{i=0}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\left(\frac{g\left(x_i\right)-y_i}{\mathrm{\&delta;}{y}_i}\right)}^2{z}^2-S\},g\&Element;C^2[x_0,x_n]---\left(3\right)$

Wherein z²Being in order to (2) formula is turned to the Real-valued parameter that equation is added, (3) formula is with cubic spline F (x) is object function, it is assumed that f (x) has following form

f(x)=a_i+b_i(x-x_i)+c_i(x-x_i)²+d_i(x-x_i)³,x_i≤x<x_i+1(4)

According to the definition of f (x), its coefficient a_i,b_i,c_i,d_iThere is relational expression:

c₀=c_N=0

d_i=(c_i+1-c_i)/(3h_i)

b_i=(a_i+1-a_i)/h_i-c_ih_i-d_ih_i ²

Wherein h_i=x_i+1-x_i, i=0,1 ..., N.

Calculating actually only has 2 unknown quantity a_i,c_iParticipate in f (x_i) calculate.

F (x) is brought (3) formula into, it is desirable to the f (x) corresponding to functional minimum solving (3) i.e. to solve

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{pz}=0\\ \underset{i=0}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\left(\frac{f\left(x_i\right)-y_i}{\mathrm{\&delta;}{y}_i}\right)}^2=S-z^2\\ a=y-p^{-1}{D}^2\mathrm{Qc}\\ \mathrm{Tc}=Q^{T}a\end{array}\right.---\left(5\right)$

Wherein

a=(a₀,a₁,...,a_n)^T

c=(c₁,c₂,...,c_n-1)^T

y=(y₀,y₁,...,y_n)^T

D=diag(δy₀,δy₁,...,δy_n)

T is the triple diagonal matrix on n-1 rank, and its diagonal element is 2 (h_i+h_i-1)/3, secondary diagonal element is h_i/3。

Q is the triple diagonal matrix of n+1 row n-1 row, and its matrix element is

q_i-1,_i=1/h_i-1,q_i,_i=-1/h_i-1-1/h_i,q_i+1,_i=1/h_i

Utilize Newton iteration method solving equation group (5), fitting function f (x) can be obtained, by sampling point x_iGeneration Enter function and i.e. obtain new first arrival time.

By reception point R_jThe new first arrival time corresponding with each shot point deducts original first arrival time, then to all Shot point averagely obtains receiving some R_jValue of residual static correction RT_j

${\mathrm{RT}}_j=\frac{1}{N}\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{RT}}_{\mathrm{ij}}=\frac{1}{N}\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}(T_{\mathrm{ij}}^{\&prime;}-T_{\mathrm{ij}})$

Fig. 2 shows that matching preliminary wave obtains the flow chart of the method for shot point short-period static corrections.

With reference to Fig. 2, in step S201, choose the shot point on survey line, obtain connect corresponding with described shot point Sink set.

As an example, for the Value of residual static correction of shot point, with a shot point S_iAs a example by, first obtain Take all reception point Rs corresponding with this shot point_j, i=1,2 ..., M.Wherein, M represents the reception of common-shot-gather Point quantity.

At the beginning of step S202, the first of the common-shot-gather that pickup is gathered corresponding to described shot point and reception point To time collection.

As an example, shot point S can be picked up_iFirst arrival with each common receiving point gather received corresponding to point Time Ti_j。

In step S203, the first first arrival time collection of the common-shot-gather picked up is carried out spline restraint plan Close to obtain the second first arrival time collection after spline restraint matching.

As an example, all corresponding common receiving point gathers can be extracted, during the initial value that road is concentrated Between be fitted process, obtain shot point S_iThe first arrival time new with each common-shot-gather received corresponding to point T’i_j。

After step S204, the first first arrival time collection based on described common-shot-gather and spline restraint matching Second first arrival time collection obtain described shot point Value of residual static correction.

Such as, each first arrival time the first first arrival time collection of described common-shot-gather included and matching After the second first arrival time concentrate corresponding first arrival time to do difference, and each difference doing after the recovery is added up； Based on the receive some quantity corresponding with described shot point, added up difference is done averagely, obtain described shot point Value of residual static correction.

As an example, can be by shot point S_iWith each receive a new first arrival time corresponding to point deduct original at the beginning of To the time, more all points that receive averagely are obtained shot point Si Value of residual static correction ST_j

$S{T}_j=\frac{1}{M}\underset{j=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{RT}}_{\mathrm{ij}}=\frac{1}{M}\underset{j=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}(T_{\mathrm{ij}}^{\&prime;}-T_{\mathrm{ij}})$

Wherein, M represents the reception point quantity of common-shot-gather, and j represents each coordinate receiving point, Obtain shot point Value of residual static correction eventually.

Additionally, described method can further comprising the steps of (not shown): detect whether described shot point is last on survey line Point, when described shot point is not point last on survey line, change shot point, return perform step S201 extremely Step S204 is to travel through the shot point on survey line, and obtains the residual static correction of all shot points on survey line Amount.

It is described above multiple example.However, it should be understood that and can carry out various amendment.Such as, as The technology that fruit describes is performed in a different order, if and/or system, framework, device or the electricity of description Parts in road are combined in a different manner, and/or replaced by other parts or their equivalent or Supplement, then can realize suitable result.Therefore, other implementation falls within the scope of the appended claims.

Although being particularly shown and describe the present invention with reference to its exemplary embodiment, but this area It is to be understood by the skilled artisans that in the situation of the spirit and scope of the present invention limited without departing from claim Under, it can be carried out the various changes in form and details.

Claims (4)

1. the method that matching preliminary wave obtains short-period static corrections, including:

A) choose the reception point on survey line, obtain and receive, with described, the shot point set that point is corresponding；

B) pickup is corresponding to the first first arrival time of the described common receiving point gather receiving point and shot point set Collection；

C) the first first arrival time collection of the common receiving point gather picked up is carried out spline restraint matching to obtain The second first arrival time collection after spline restraint matching；

D) at the beginning of second after the first first arrival time collection based on described common receiving point gather and spline restraint matching The described Value of residual static correction receiving point is obtained to time collection,

Wherein, step D) including:

D1) each first arrival time the first first arrival time collection of described common receiving point gather included and matching After the second first arrival time concentrate corresponding first arrival time to do difference, and each difference doing after the recovery is added up；

D2) based on described shot point number corresponding to point that receive to D1) in the difference that added up do averagely, acquisition The described Value of residual static correction receiving point.

Method the most according to claim 1, also includes:

E) detect and described receive whether point is point last on survey line, when described receive point be not on survey line After some time, change receive point, return perform step A) so that the reception point on survey line is traveled through, and Obtain all Value of residual static corrections receiving point on survey line.

3. the method that matching preliminary wave obtains short-period static corrections, including:

A) choose the shot point on survey line, obtain the reception point set corresponding with described shot point；

B) pickup is corresponding to described shot point and the first first arrival time collection of the common-shot-gather receiving some set；

C) the first first arrival time collection of the common-shot-gather picked up is carried out spline restraint matching to obtain sample The second first arrival time collection after bar constrained fitting；

D) the second first arrival after the first first arrival time collection based on described common-shot-gather and spline restraint matching Time collection obtains the Value of residual static correction of described shot point,

Wherein, step D) including:

D1) after each first arrival time the first first arrival time collection of described common-shot-gather included and matching The second first arrival time concentrate corresponding first arrival time to do difference, and each difference doing after the recovery is added up；

D2) based on the reception point quantity corresponding with described shot point to D1) in the difference that added up do averagely, obtain Take the Value of residual static correction of described shot point.

Method the most according to claim 3, also includes:

E) detect whether described shot point is point last on survey line, when described shot point be not on survey line last During point, change shot point, return and perform step A) so that the shot point on survey line is traveled through, and obtain survey line The Value of residual static correction of upper all shot points.