CN110646844B - Tunnel rock fracture microseismic S wave arrival time picking method based on waveform envelope curve - Google Patents

Tunnel rock fracture microseismic S wave arrival time picking method based on waveform envelope curve Download PDF

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CN110646844B
CN110646844B CN201910938091.6A CN201910938091A CN110646844B CN 110646844 B CN110646844 B CN 110646844B CN 201910938091 A CN201910938091 A CN 201910938091A CN 110646844 B CN110646844 B CN 110646844B
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wave
arrival time
rock fracture
envelope
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CN110646844A (en
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张伟
冯夏庭
姚志宾
张广泽
牛文静
胡磊
冯涛
张宇
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Northeastern University China
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Abstract

The invention provides a tunnel rock fracture microseismic S wave arrival time picking method based on a waveform envelope line, and relates to the technical field of tunnel microseismic monitoring. The method comprises the following steps: (1) drawing a rock fracture waveform envelope curve; (2) determining various waveform types according to the variation characteristics of the envelope curve of the waveform, wherein the waveform types comprise a double-peak type, a platform-single-peak type, a concave single-peak type and a single-peak type; (3) determining the waveform picking sequence of each sensor in a rock fracture event according to the waveform S wave arrival time picking difficulty and the error; (4) the arrival time of the S wave is determined primarily through the envelope characteristics of the waveform. (5) And accurately picking up the arrival time of the S wave by adopting an STA/LTA algorithm based on the instantaneous energy change rate. On the premise of meeting the positioning requirement, the method adopts the S wave arrival time with smaller pickup error to participate in positioning calculation, and accurately picks up the S wave arrival time of the waveform, thereby ensuring the positioning precision of the micro-fracture event to a greater extent.

Description

Tunnel rock fracture microseismic S wave arrival time picking method based on waveform envelope curve
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel microseismic monitoring, in particular to a method for picking up the arrival time of tunnel rock fracture microseismic S waves based on a waveform envelope curve.
Background
With the gradual extension of projects such as mines and tunnels (roads) to deep parts and frequent dynamic disasters such as rock burst, the microseismic monitoring technology is gradually applied to the rock burst monitoring of the tunnels. The positioning of the micro seismic source is an important link of a micro seismic monitoring technology and is important for determining the rock burst risk level and the occurrence area. The arrival time of the waveform is a decisive influence factor of positioning accuracy, and the arrival time of the waveform accurately picked is an important basis of rock burst early warning. Microseismic waves can be divided into P-waves and S-waves. Generally, for a multi-channel microseismic monitoring system, a plurality of P-wave arrival times and at least one S-wave arrival time are required for achieving accurate positioning. The P wave arrival time picking method is more, and the aim of accurate picking is basically achieved.
At present, a microseismic S wave arrival time picking method comprises the following steps: the invention relates to a method for picking up the arrival time of a seismic phase based on an LSTM recurrent neural network, which is disclosed in the patent number 201810688776.5; "a time-of-arrival picking up method of acoustic emission signals with low signal-to-noise ratio", patent No. 201811321675.0; the patent number 201610741484.4 discloses an automatic microseismic signal arrival time picking method based on a deep belief neural network. The invention mainly solves the problem of waveform noise interference and has great benefit for picking up the arrival time of the S wave of the waveform signal with low signal-to-noise ratio. However, for tunnel microseisms, the linear sensor array and the near-field monitoring thereof cause that when an S wave arrives, the P wave is far from being ended, and the S wave is not obviously separated under the influence of the tail of the P wave and the superposition thereof. Therefore, the S wave is difficult to pick up when the S wave arrives, and even the S wave of partial waveform cannot be picked up when the S wave arrives. In the process of S-wave arrival time picking, if arrival time values which are difficult to pick or even can not be picked can not be accurately eliminated, the large errors of the arrival time values participate in positioning calculation, and the positioning accuracy is seriously influenced.
The method is used for automatically identifying the waveform with larger S wave arrival time picking error or even incapable of picking the S wave arrival time, and then rejecting the waveform outside a positioning array.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the defects of the prior art are overcome, and provides a method for picking up S wave arrival time of tunnel rock fracture micro-seismic based on a waveform envelope line, which is used for automatically identifying the rock fracture waveform with a large S wave arrival time picking error or even incapable of picking up the arrival time of the S wave, further rejecting the rock fracture waveform outside a positioning array, preferentially and accurately picking up the arrival time of the S wave with a small error on the premise of meeting the positioning requirement, and achieving the purpose of improving the positioning precision.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the tunnel rock fracture microseismic S wave arrival time picking method based on the waveform envelope line comprises the following steps:
step 1: drawing a rock fracture waveform envelope curve;
manually and accurately picking the arrival time of the P wave of each channel waveform of a rock fracture event, then picking each amplitude value from a P wave arrival time sampling point to a waveform vibration ending sampling point, and drawing a waveform envelope curve;
step 2: determining the waveform type according to the envelope characteristics of the waveform;
according to the envelope characteristics of the rock fracture waveform, the rock fracture waveform is divided into four types: "bimodal", "plateau-unimodal", "dimpled-unimodal", "unimodal";
the envelope characteristics of the rock fracture waveform are as follows: the 'bimodal' waveform envelope line is characterized by ascending first, then descending, then ascending second and descending; the 'platform-unimodal' waveform envelope line has the characteristics of rising first, then keeping stable, then rising and then falling; the concave unimodal waveform envelope curve is characterized in that the envelope curve rises firstly, and has an inflection point with increased slope and then falls; the 'unimodal' is characterized by ascending firstly, no change in slope and descending later;
and step 3: determining a picking sequence according to the difficulty and the error of the arrival time of the S waves picked by various waveforms;
preferentially picking up the arrival times of the S waves of the 'bimodal' and 'plateau-unimodal' fracture waves in a microseismic event; when the two waveforms do not exist, the arrival time of the S wave of the waveform with the minimum k value of the concave single peak type rupture wave is preferentially picked up; the arrival time of the S wave of the 'unimodal' burst wave is not picked up;
the fracture wave k value is used for describing the difficulty degree of the arrival time picking of the concave unimodal fracture wave S wave, and the value range of the k value is 0-1; the smaller the k value is, the easier the arrival time of the S wave is to pick up, and the smaller the error is; the k value is calculated by:
Figure BDA0002222116890000021
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002222116890000022
in the formula:
Figure BDA0002222116890000023
for the last amplitude of the P-band of the rock fracture waveform,
Figure BDA0002222116890000024
for the first amplitude of the P-band of the rock fracture waveform,
Figure BDA0002222116890000025
is a sampling point corresponding to the last vibration wave crest of the P wave band of the rock fracture waveform,
Figure BDA0002222116890000026
a sampling point corresponding to a first peak of a P wave band of a rock fracture waveform;
Figure BDA0002222116890000027
in the formula:
Figure BDA0002222116890000028
is the maximum amplitude of the S-band of the rock fracture waveform,
Figure BDA0002222116890000029
for the first amplitude of the S-band of the rock fracture waveform,
Figure BDA00022221168900000210
is a sampling point corresponding to the maximum peak of the S wave band of the rock fracture waveform,
Figure BDA00022221168900000211
a sampling point corresponding to a first peak of an S wave band of a rock fracture waveform;
and 4, step 4: preliminarily determining an arrival time range of the S wave through the rock fracture waveform envelope characteristics;
after the arrival time of the S wave of one or more rock fracture waveforms in a microseismic event is determined, the arrival time of the S wave of each waveform is preliminarily determined according to the variation characteristics of the envelope curve of the waveform;
the arrival time range of each waveform S wave preliminarily determined according to the rock fracture waveform envelope curve change characteristics is as follows: the arrival time point of the S wave of the 'bimodal' burst wave is positioned near the starting point of rising after the envelope curve of the waveform descends; the arrival time point of the S wave of the 'platform-unimodal' burst wave is positioned near the initial point of rising after the envelope line is stabilized; the arrival time point of the S wave of the concave unimodal fracture wave is positioned near the initial point of the increase of the slope of the envelope curve of the waveform;
and 5: accurately picking up the arrival time of the S wave by adopting an STA/LTA algorithm based on the instantaneous energy change rate;
step 5.1: after preliminarily determining the arrival time range of the waveform S wave in the step 4, calculating an instantaneous energy change rate curve of the rock fracture waveform;
the instantaneous rate of energy change of the rock fracture waveform is solved by:
Figure BDA0002222116890000031
in the formula,. DELTA.EiIs the instantaneous energy change rate of the waveform, i is the sampling point number, piIs the amplitude variation, xi+1，xiThe amplitude of each waveform sampling point corresponds to, and delta t is the time difference of the two waveform sampling points;
step 5.2: and performing STA/LTA conversion on the calculated waveform energy change rate curve to obtain an STA/LTA curve, wherein the STA/LTA curve shows the characteristic of vertical jump at the S wave arrival time point, and the sampling point of the vertical jump is the S wave arrival time point.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: the tunnel rock cracking microseismic S wave arrival time picking method based on the waveform envelope analyzes the difficulty of S wave arrival time picking under different waveform characteristic conditions from the characteristics of the waveform envelope. On the premise of meeting the positioning requirement, S wave arrival time values with small picking errors are adopted to participate in positioning calculation, so that the influence of larger S wave arrival time picking error values on the positioning accuracy is reduced, and the positioning accuracy of the micro-fracture event is ensured to a greater extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of waveforms of each channel of a microseismic event, wherein (a) is a 1# channel waveform, (b) is a 2# channel waveform, (c) is a 4# channel waveform, (d) is a 3# channel waveform, (e) is a 5# channel waveform, (f) is an 8# channel waveform, (g) is a 7# channel waveform, and (h) is a 6# channel waveform;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a tunnel rock fracture microseismic S wave arrival time picking method based on a waveform envelope curve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of four types of waveforms and their envelope characteristics, wherein (a) is a "bimodal" burst, (b) is a "plateau-monomodal" burst, (c) is a "concave monomodal" burst, and (d) is a "monomodal" burst, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the arrival times of various waveforms precisely picked up by the STA/LTA algorithm based on the instantaneous energy change rate according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is the arrival time of a "bimodal" burst wave; (b) arrival time of a "plateau-unimodal" burst wave; (c) the arrival time of the "concave monomodal" burst wave.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
This example uses the method of the present invention to pick up the arrival time of S-waves for a manually located rock fracture event with coordinates (935.7, 28.4, -21.6) for a total of 8 passes as shown in fig. 1;
the tunnel rock fracture microseismic S wave arrival time picking method based on the waveform envelope curve, as shown in figure 2, comprises the following steps:
step 1: drawing a rock fracture waveform envelope curve;
manually and accurately picking the arrival time of the P wave of each channel waveform of a rock fracture event, then picking each amplitude value from a P wave arrival time sampling point to a waveform vibration ending sampling point, and drawing a waveform envelope curve;
step 2: determining the waveform type according to the envelope characteristics of the waveform;
according to the envelope characteristics of the rock fracture waveform, the rock fracture waveform is divided into four types: "bimodal", "plateau-monomodal", "dimpled monomodal", "monomodal", as shown in FIGS. 3(a) -3 (d);
the "bimodal" waveform envelope is characterized by rising, falling, rising and falling, as shown in fig. 3 (a). Before the S wave arrives, the P wave is in an attenuation stage, so that the envelope curve shows a peak in the P wave stage. The amplitude increases again after the S-wave arrives, again presenting a peak during the S-wave phase, so this type of waveform is named "bimodal".
The "plateau-unimodal" waveform envelope is characterized by rising first, then remaining stable, then rising, then falling, as shown in fig. 3 (b). Before S wave arrives, P wave vibrates with constant maximum amplitude, the envelope curve of P wave stage presents a straight line, after S wave arrives, the amplitude increases again, and the envelope curve presents a peak at S wave stage, so that the waveform is named as 'platform-single peak type'.
The envelope curve of the concave unimodal waveform rises, and has the characteristics that the slope is obviously increased at an inflection point and then falls, as shown in fig. 3 (c). Before S wave arrives, P wave is in a rising stage, and an envelope line in the P wave stage is a rising inclined straight line. The slope of the S wave is obviously increased after the S wave arrives, and a peak appears in the S wave stage, so the waveform is named as a concave single peak type.
The "unimodal" waveform has the characteristics of rising envelope, basically no change in slope, and then falling, as shown in fig. 3 (d). The P wave is in a rising stage before the S wave arrives or reaches a maximum amplitude point, the increasing trend of the superposed amplitude after the S wave arrives is not obvious, the envelope curve before the S wave peak presents a straight line or an approximate straight line, and the waveform is named as a 'single peak type' because only one peak exists. In the embodiment, a waveform envelope is drawn, and the waveform type is judged according to envelope characteristics; wherein, the 1#, 3#, 7# channel wave forms are 'bimodal' burst wave, the 5#, 8# channel wave forms are 'plateau-unimodal' burst wave, the 2#, 6# channel wave forms are 'concave unimodal' burst wave, the 4# channel wave forms are 'unimodal' burst wave.
And step 3: determining a picking sequence according to the difficulty and the error of the arrival time of the S waves picked by various waveforms;
according to the description of the waveform characteristics, in a rock fracture waveform, the more obvious the envelope curve of the waveform changes after the S wave arrives, the easier the S wave is picked up when the S wave arrives, and the smaller the error is. Therefore, in a microseismic event, the arrival time of the S wave of the 'bimodal' and 'plateau-monomodal' waveforms is easier to pick up, the error is smaller, and the arrival time of the S wave of the 'bimodal' and 'plateau-monomodal' burst waves is preferentially picked up.
For a "concave unimodal" wave, the difficulty of picking up the wave increases as the amplitude increases at the end of the P-wave phase, i.e., the slopes of the two envelope lines gradually approach. Therefore, when there is no "bimodal" or "plateau-unimodal" burst, the arrival time of the S-wave of the waveform with the smallest k-value of the "concave unimodal" burst is preferentially picked up. Statistics also show that as k increases, the "concave unimodal" waveform S-wave comes with increasing difficulty in time pickup and increasing error.
The fracture wave k value is used for describing the difficulty degree of the arrival time picking of the concave unimodal fracture wave S wave, and the value range of the k value is 0-1; the smaller the k value is, the easier the arrival time of the S wave is to pick up, and the smaller the error is; the k value is calculated by:
Figure BDA0002222116890000051
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002222116890000052
in the formula:
Figure BDA0002222116890000053
for the last amplitude of the P-band of the rock fracture waveform,
Figure BDA0002222116890000054
for the first amplitude of the P-band of the rock fracture waveform,
Figure BDA0002222116890000055
is a sampling point corresponding to the last vibration wave crest of the P wave band of the rock fracture waveform,
Figure BDA0002222116890000056
a sampling point corresponding to a first peak of a P wave band of a rock fracture waveform;
Figure BDA0002222116890000057
in the formula:
Figure BDA0002222116890000058
is the maximum amplitude of the S-band of the rock fracture waveform,
Figure BDA0002222116890000059
for the first amplitude of the S-band of the rock fracture waveform,
Figure BDA00022221168900000510
is a sampling point corresponding to the maximum peak of the S wave band of the rock fracture waveform,
Figure BDA00022221168900000511
a sampling point corresponding to a first peak of an S wave band of a rock fracture waveform;
the envelope of the "unimodal" burst wave has no amplitude change characteristic after the arrival of the S-wave, and the arrival time of the S-wave cannot be picked up.
Based on the above analysis, in a microseismic event, the arrival times of the S-waves of the "bimodal" and "plateau-unimodal" fracture waves are preferentially picked up; when the two waveforms do not exist, the arrival time of the S wave of the waveform with the minimum k value of the concave single peak type rupture wave is preferentially picked up; the arrival time of the S wave of the 'unimodal' burst wave is not picked up; in this embodiment, the timing of picking up the S-waves of the channel burst waves 1#, 3#, 7#, 5#, and 8# is determined according to the difficulty of picking up the timing of the S-waves and the error magnitude of various waveforms.
And 4, step 4: preliminarily determining an arrival time range of the S wave through the rock fracture waveform envelope characteristics;
after the arrival time of the S wave of one or more rock fracture waveforms in a microseismic event is determined, the arrival time of the S wave of each waveform is preliminarily determined according to the variation characteristics of the envelope curve of the waveform;
the arrival time range of each waveform S wave preliminarily determined according to the rock fracture waveform envelope curve change characteristics is as follows: the arrival time point of the S wave of the 'bimodal' burst wave is positioned near the rising starting point after the falling of the envelope curve of the waveform; the arrival time point of the S wave of the 'platform-unimodal' burst wave is positioned near the initial point of rising after the envelope line is stabilized; the arrival time point of the S wave of the concave unimodal fracture wave is positioned near the starting point of the rising of the larger slope of the envelope curve of the waveform;
and 5: accurately picking up the arrival time of the S wave by adopting an STA/LTA algorithm based on the instantaneous energy change rate;
step 5.1: after preliminarily determining the arrival time range of the waveform S wave in the step 4, calculating an instantaneous energy change rate curve of the rock fracture waveform;
the instantaneous rate of energy change of the rock fracture waveform is solved by:
Figure BDA0002222116890000061
in the formula,. DELTA.EiIs the instantaneous energy change rate of the waveform, i is the sampling point number, piIs the amplitude variation, xi+1，xiThe amplitude of each waveform sampling point corresponds to, and delta t is the time difference of the two waveform sampling points;
step 5.2: and performing STA/LTA conversion on the calculated waveform energy change rate curve to obtain an STA/LTA curve, wherein the STA/LTA curve shows a vertical jump characteristic at an S-wave arrival time point, and the sampling point of the vertical jump is the S-wave arrival time point, as shown in FIG. 4.
In this embodiment, the arrival times of the S waves of the 1#, 3#, 7#, 5#, and 8# channel burst waves and the arrival times of the S waves manually picked up are shown in table 1 through steps 4 to 5:
TABLE 1 time-of-arrival picking and locating of S-wave of a microseismic event
Channel Type (B) k Arrival time of S wave S-wave arrival time manual picking Error of sampling point
1 Bimodal type 1495 1496 1
2 Concave unimodal type 0.01912 1502 1500 2
4 Unimodal type - - -
3 Bimodal type 1499 1498 1
5 Plateau-unimodal 1544 1543 1
8 Plateau-unimodal 1556 1556 0
7 Bimodal type 1552 1552 0
6 Concave unimodal type 0.07623 1554 1550 4
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with manual picking, the S wave arrival time picked by the method of the present invention has the S wave arrival time sampling point errors of 1#, 3#, 7#, 5#, and 8# channel burst waves of 0-1, which are converted into time, and the errors are 0-0.1667 ms. The location coordinates of the rock fracture source are (933.6, 24.6, -25.2), which is closer to the manual location.
In this embodiment, the parameters k of the "concave monomodal" burst waves of the 2# and 6# channels are calculated to be 0.01912 and 0.07623 respectively, and the time-to-time sampling point errors of the S wave are 2 and 3 respectively. As k increases, the time-out pickup error increases. When the 2# channel S wave is adopted, the positioning coordinates are (930.5, 20.6, -33.2); after adding the S wave of the channel 6#, the positioning coordinates are (933.5, 20.8, -31.5); compared with the manual positioning coordinate, the error of the method is gradually increased. Therefore, the S wave arrival time value of the 'double-peak type' wave and the 'platform-single-peak type' wave is adopted to participate in positioning calculation, and the positioning error is small by combining the steps 4 and 5, so that the purpose of accurately picking the S wave arrival time is achieved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (3)

1. A tunnel rock cracking microseismic S wave arrival time picking method based on a waveform envelope is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: drawing a rock fracture waveform envelope curve;
manually and accurately picking the arrival time of the P wave of each channel waveform of a rock fracture event, then picking each amplitude value from a P wave arrival time sampling point to a waveform vibration ending sampling point, and drawing a waveform envelope curve;
step 2: determining the waveform type according to the envelope characteristics of the waveform;
according to the envelope characteristics of the rock fracture waveform, the rock fracture waveform is divided into four types: "bimodal", "plateau-unimodal", "dimpled-unimodal", "unimodal";
the envelope characteristics of the rock fracture waveform are as follows: the 'bimodal' waveform envelope line is characterized by ascending first, then descending, then ascending second and descending; the 'platform-unimodal' waveform envelope line has the characteristics of rising first, then keeping stable, then rising and then falling; the concave unimodal waveform envelope curve is characterized in that the envelope curve rises firstly, and has an inflection point with obviously increased slope and then falls; the 'unimodal' is characterized by first rising, basically no change in slope and then falling;
and step 3: determining a picking sequence according to the difficulty and the error of the arrival time of the S waves picked by various waveforms;
preferentially picking up the arrival times of the S waves of the 'bimodal' and 'plateau-unimodal' fracture waves in a microseismic event; when the two waveforms do not exist, the arrival time of the S wave of the waveform with the minimum k value of the concave single peak type rupture wave is preferentially picked up; the arrival time of the S wave of the 'unimodal' burst wave is not picked up;
the fracture wave k value is used for describing the difficulty degree of the arrival time picking of the concave unimodal fracture wave S wave, and the value range of the k value is 0-1; the smaller the k value is, the easier the arrival time of the S wave is to pick up, and the smaller the error is;
the "concave unimodal" fracture wave k value is calculated by the following formula:
Figure FDA0002833984700000011
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002833984700000012
in the formula:
Figure FDA0002833984700000013
for the last amplitude of the P-band of the rock fracture waveform,
Figure FDA0002833984700000014
for the first amplitude of the P-band of the rock fracture waveform,
Figure FDA0002833984700000015
is a sampling point corresponding to the last vibration wave crest of the P wave band of the rock fracture waveform,
Figure FDA0002833984700000016
a sampling point corresponding to a first peak of a P wave band of a rock fracture waveform;
Figure FDA0002833984700000017
in the formula:
Figure FDA0002833984700000018
is the maximum amplitude of the S-band of the rock fracture waveform,
Figure FDA0002833984700000019
for the first amplitude of the S-band of the rock fracture waveform,
Figure FDA00028339847000000110
is a sampling point corresponding to the maximum peak of the S wave band of the rock fracture waveform,
Figure FDA0002833984700000021
a sampling point corresponding to a first peak of an S wave band of a rock fracture waveform;
and 4, step 4: preliminarily determining an arrival time range of the S wave through the rock fracture waveform envelope characteristics;
after the arrival time of one or more rock fracture waveform S waves in a microseismic event is determined, the arrival time range of the S waves of each waveform is preliminarily determined according to the variation characteristics of the envelope curve of the waveform;
and 5: accurately picking up the arrival time of the S wave by adopting an STA/LTA algorithm based on the instantaneous energy change rate;
step 5.1: after preliminarily determining the arrival time range of the waveform S wave in the step 4, calculating an instantaneous energy change rate curve of the rock fracture waveform;
step 5.2: and performing STA/LTA conversion on the calculated waveform energy change rate curve to obtain an STA/LTA curve, wherein the STA/LTA curve shows the characteristic of vertical jump at the S wave arrival time point, and the sampling point of the vertical jump is the S wave arrival time point.
2. The waveform envelope curve-based tunnel rock fracturing microseismic S-wave arrival time picking method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 4, the arrival time range of each waveform S wave preliminarily determined according to the rock fracture waveform envelope curve change characteristics is as follows: the arrival time point of the S wave of the 'bimodal' burst wave is positioned near the starting point of rising after the envelope curve of the waveform descends; the arrival time point of the S wave of the 'platform-monomodal' burst wave is positioned near the initial point of rising after the envelope line is stabilized; the arrival time of the S wave of the 'concave unimodal' burst wave is located near the starting point of the sharp increase in the slope of the envelope of the waveform.
3. The waveform envelope curve-based tunnel rock fracturing microseismic S-wave arrival time picking method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step 5.1 the instantaneous energy rate of change of the rock fracture waveform is solved by:
Figure FDA0002833984700000022
in the formula,. DELTA.EiIs the instantaneous energy change rate of the waveform, i is the sampling point number, piIs the amplitude variation, xi+1，xiThe amplitude of each waveform sampling point is the corresponding amplitude, and delta t is the time difference of the two waveform sampling points.
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