CN107843919B - Micro-seismic monitoring data amplitude equalization method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a microseism monitoring data amplitude equalization method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring the number of micro-seismic events from the seismic trace data; selecting a calculation time window, and solving the maximum value of the maximum amplitude absolute value of each common center point channel of the microseism event to be processed in the range of the calculation time window; calculating the maximum amplitude average value of each common center trace; multiplying the amplitude of each sampling point of each common center point channel by the square root of the ratio of the maximum amplitude average value to the maximum amplitude absolute value of each common center point channel set to obtain the balanced amplitude; and repeating the step of selecting the calculation time window to the step of obtaining the balanced amplitude, and circulating to the next micro-seismic event to be processed until all the micro-seismic events in the seismic channel data are processed. The method can eliminate the influence of the energy difference between the common central point channels on the accurate positioning of the microseism event, and is beneficial to improving the positioning accuracy of the microseism event.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a microseism monitoring technology for unconventional oil and gas development, in particular to a microseism monitoring data amplitude balancing method, which mainly extracts related information by utilizing surface or shallow well monitoring records to carry out amplitude balancing.
Background
The microseism monitoring and positioning mainly comprises two positioning modes based on energy superposition and event information. And (3) based on an energy superposition positioning mode, namely, energy addition is carried out on the micro-seismic waveforms of each recording channel, and the space coordinate corresponding to the maximum energy is defined as the space seismic source position of the micro-seismic event. In a positioning mode based on energy superposition, a certain gather and well position energy coefficient is required to obtain comprehensive and reliable microseism positioning energy information. However, the local energy extreme in the current micro-seismic positioning method will seriously affect the positioning result of micro-seismic monitoring.
The positioning mode based on the event information has higher requirements on the identification and first arrival picking of the event, and if a channel with extremely weak energy exists in the event of the microseism monitoring data, the first arrival time of the event of the channel is difficult to judge, so that the positioning accuracy cannot be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to address one or more of the problems in the prior art as set forth above.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a microseism monitoring data amplitude equalization method. The equalization method may include the steps of: acquiring the number of micro-seismic events from the seismic trace data; selecting a calculation time window, and solving the maximum value of the maximum amplitude absolute value of each common center point channel of the microseism events to be processed in the range of the calculation time window, wherein the maximum value
Wherein, i tableDenotes the number of common center traces, j denotes the sampling point, A denotes the amplitude, (t)1，t2) Representing the range of the calculation time window, and t represents a sampling point; averaging the maximum amplitude of each common midpoint channel, the average
Wherein n represents the total number of channels in the common center channel in the time window; multiplying the amplitude of each sampling point of each common midpoint channel by the square root of the ratio of the maximum amplitude average value to the absolute value of the amplitude of each common midpoint channel set to obtain the equalized amplitude, wherein,
wherein,
representing the equalized amplitude, xi,jRepresenting the amplitude of each sample point of each common midpoint gather; and repeating the step of selecting the calculation time window to the step of obtaining the balanced amplitude, and circulating to the next micro-seismic event to be processed until all the micro-seismic events in the seismic channel data are processed.
Compared with the prior art, the method can eliminate the influence of the energy difference between the common central point channels on the accurate positioning of the microseism event, and is beneficial to improving the positioning accuracy of the microseism event.
Drawings
The above and other objects and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic flow diagram of a microseismic survey data amplitude equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 shows comparison diagrams before and after amplitude equalization according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in which diagram (a) shows a diagram before amplitude equalization and diagram (b) shows a diagram after amplitude equalization.
Fig. 3 shows an enlarged schematic diagram of a black square part according to fig. 2 (a).
Fig. 4 shows an enlarged schematic diagram of a black square part according to fig. 2 (b).
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, a microseismic monitor data amplitude equalization method according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and exemplary embodiments.
Specifically, in the actual microseism event positioning process, due to self reasons of distance, geological structure, detectors and the like, the average size of signals received by each array of the detector array is different, and thus, the later microseism event positioning deviation is caused. The essence of the invention lies in that the channels with weaker energy are enhanced, the channels with stronger energy are weakened, and the energy between each channel is balanced, so as to improve the positioning precision of the microseism event.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic flow diagram of a microseismic survey data amplitude equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. Fig. 2 shows comparison diagrams before and after amplitude equalization according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in which diagram (a) shows a diagram before amplitude equalization and diagram (b) shows a diagram after amplitude equalization. Fig. 3 shows an enlarged schematic diagram of a black square part according to fig. 2 (a). Fig. 4 shows an enlarged schematic diagram of a black square part according to fig. 2 (b).
The invention provides a microseism monitoring data amplitude equalization method. In one exemplary embodiment of the method for amplitude equalization of microseismic monitor data of the present invention, the method may comprise:
and S01, determining the number of the micro-seismic events according to the seismic channel data.
In the above, when the seismic trace data of a certain work area is known, the number of micro-seismic events included in the seismic trace data can be determined by a conventional method in the art.
And S02, selecting a calculation time window, and solving the maximum value of the maximum amplitude absolute value of each common center trace of the microseism event to be processed in the calculation time window range. The maximum value may be expressed as:
where i represents the number of common center channels, j represents the sampling point, A represents the amplitude, and t represents the amplitude1，t2) Representing the calculation window range and t representing the sampling points.
In the above, the time window range refers to from a certain sampling point to another sampling point. For example, one time is tmSetting the interval of the sampling points to tnThe number of sampling points is
(one 0 point needs to be added).
The selected calculation time window needs to include all initial points corresponding to the micro-seismic event to be processed, namely, the selected calculation time window needs to include the jump points of the signals received by the micro-seismic event to be processed on each corresponding detector. The range of the computation time window needs to contain all common center traces corresponding to the microseismic events to be processed.
Step S03, calculating the maximum amplitude average value of each common center trace, wherein the average value
Can be expressed as
Where n represents the total number of tracks in a common center track in the time window.
In the above, the total number of channels in a common center channel may refer to the number of active detectors in the work area.
Step S04, multiplying the amplitude of each sampling point of each common midpoint channel by the square root of the ratio of the maximum amplitude average value to the maximum amplitude absolute value of each common midpoint channel set to obtain an equalized amplitude, where the equalized amplitude can be represented as:
wherein,
which represents the amplitude after the equalization, is,xi,jthe amplitude of each sample point of each common midpoint gather is represented.
And S05, repeating the step of selecting the calculation time window to the step of obtaining the equalized amplitude, and circulating to the next micro-seismic event to be processed until all the micro-seismic events in the seismic channel data are processed.
Comparing fig. 2(a) and fig. 2(b), when amplitude equalization is performed using the method of the present invention, the energy of the stronger amplitude energy indicated by the arrow in fig. (a) is weakened, and the energy of the weaker amplitude energy is strengthened. Fig. 3 shows an enlarged schematic diagram of a black square part according to fig. 2 (a). Fig. 4 shows an enlarged schematic diagram of a black square part according to fig. 2 (b). The black boxes in fig. 2(a) are the same as the areas included in the black boxes in fig. 2 (b).
The amplitude equalization method of the invention can be combined with a microseism event positioning mode based on energy superposition and a microseism positioning mode based on event information. For example, after the position of the micro-seismic event is located by using a traditional micro-seismic event location mode based on energy superposition or a micro-seismic location mode based on event information, because of the problems of inaccuracy of the traditional location mode and the like, the amplitude between channels is equalized by using the method of the invention, and then the secondary location of the micro-seismic event is carried out by combining the energy superposition location mode or the event location mode. Of course, the method can be used for more accurately positioning the microseism event information under the condition that the position of the microseism event is unknown. When the energy imbalance among the channels is involved, the method can be used for balancing.
The method of the invention can be suitable for the one-time positioning of the microseism event and also can be suitable for the secondary positioning of the microseism event. When the method is used for carrying out secondary positioning on the data after amplitude equalization, a more ideal positioning result can be obtained.
For example, in an exemplary embodiment of the method for amplitude equalization of microseismic monitoring data according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, effective microseismic events can be more accurately located, that is, the positions of all microseismic events in seismic channel data are roughly determined by a conventional method, and effective microseismic events are secondarily located by using the method for amplitude equalization according to the present invention. Firstly, judging the effectiveness of all micro-seismic events in the seismic channel data, and determining whether the micro-seismic events are effective or not. Methods for determining the effectiveness of microseismic events are conventional in the art. For example, the validity of a microseismic event is determined using a patent with publication number CN103399300B entitled "wave packet stacking microseismic ground location method". And then calculating the maximum amplitude of each channel in the time window, calculating the average value of the maximum amplitudes, and circulating to the next effective micro-seismic event until the amplitudes of all effective micro-seismic events in the seismic channel data are balanced, so as to obtain the seismic channel data after the amplitudes are balanced. And then carrying out secondary position of the micro-seismic event according to the seismic channel data after amplitude equalization.
In conclusion, the method can eliminate the influence of the energy difference between the common center point channels on the accurate positioning of the micro-seismic event, and is beneficial to improving the positioning accuracy of the micro-seismic event.
Although the present invention has been described above in connection with exemplary embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A microseismic monitoring data amplitude equalization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring the number of micro-seismic events from the seismic trace data;
selecting a calculation time window, and solving the maximum value of the maximum amplitude absolute value of each common center point channel of the microseism events to be processed in the range of the calculation time window, wherein the maximum value
Where i represents the number of common center channels, j represents the sampling point, A represents the amplitude, and t represents the amplitude1，t2) Representing the range of the calculation time window, t representing samplingSampling points;
averaging the maximum amplitude of each common midpoint channel, the average
Wherein n represents the total number of channels in the common center channel in the time window;
multiplying the amplitude of each sampling point of each common midpoint channel by the square root of the ratio of the maximum amplitude average value to the maximum amplitude absolute value of each common midpoint channel set to obtain the equalized amplitude, wherein,
wherein,
representing the equalized amplitude, xi,jRepresenting the amplitude of each sample point of each common midpoint gather;
and repeating the step of selecting the calculation time window to the step of obtaining the balanced amplitude, and circulating to the next micro-seismic event to be processed until all the micro-seismic events in the seismic channel data are processed.
2. The method of amplitude equalization of microseismic survey data of claim 1 wherein the computation time window contains all of the first arrival points of the microseismic event to be processed.
3. The method for amplitude equalization of microseismic monitor data of claim 1 wherein the microseismic event to be processed is a valid microseismic event.
4. The microseismic monitor data amplitude equalization method of claim 3 wherein when the microseismic event to be processed is a valid microseismic event, the equalization method further comprises the step of determining the validity of the microseismic event in the seismic trace data before the step of selecting the computation time window.
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| CN110824555B (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2021-07-02 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Seismic energy equalization method and device and computer readable storage medium |
| CN111856558B (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2022-08-16 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Automatic gain method for seismic record |
| CN112666601B (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2024-03-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and system for fitting effective time window to seismic data amplitude |
| CN112782765B (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2023-02-10 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Abnormal energy interference attenuation method and system |
| CN113253344B (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-04-22 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Method for realizing pressure raising early warning of underground gas storage based on microseism monitoring technology |
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