CN106190506B - 一种降低机油消耗量的柴油机油组合物 - Google Patents
一种降低机油消耗量的柴油机油组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种降低机油消耗量的柴油机油组合物,通过以下重量百分含量的组分调和而成:基础油75‑85%、柴油机油复合剂9‑13%、粘度指数改进剂4‑8%、摩擦改进剂0.05‑1.5%、抗氧剂0.2‑0.5%、橡胶密封改进剂0.3‑2%、降凝剂0.1‑0.5%,所得柴油机油组合物200℃运动黏度为2.65~2.75mm2/s。本发明的柴油机油组合物具有优异的清净分散性、高温抗氧化性和抗磨减摩性,并且在高温下具有最佳的油膜厚度,能帮助提高润滑油对发动机密封件的兼容保护性,延缓密封件的老化,修复并活化已老化的密封件,防止并解决车辆渗油的问题,有效解决了柴油发动机机油消耗量大的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于润滑油配方,特别是涉及一种能够降低机油消耗量的柴油机油组合物。
背景技术
机油消耗量大是目前柴油发动机较为常见的一种故障,也一直困扰着发动机厂家和整车厂。造成这一问题的因素较多,包括活塞连杆组、配气机构、汽缸体等部件的密封配合不良,以及维修加工工艺不规范、不标准,技术精度达不到要求等;烧机油的危害也是比较大的,机油窜入燃烧室与燃油、空气混合后,会使燃烧不完全,排气管排烟浓度增加,大量积炭掉入油底壳,使机油中胶质、积炭和机械杂质增多,机油粗、细滤清器负担加重,滤芯黏结赃物后易堵塞;迫使柴油机润滑系统的调压阀开启,缸套、活塞、活塞环、轴颈和轴瓦等相对运动零件早期磨损并提前失效,油压降低,造成恶性循环。烧机油后会使缸套、活塞、缸盖、气门等零件表面积炭过多,就会影响零件散热,机件温度升高,机油润滑性能变坏,加速零件磨损,致使喷油器偶件、气门杆与导管经常发生卡死。还有烧机油引起的积炭,黏附在气门环带上,使气门关闭不严;胶结在活塞环和活塞环槽里,使活塞环卡死在环槽中而失去弹性,因而不能密封燃烧室,致使气缸压缩压力下降。烧机油后气缸漏气增加,夹杂着酸的废气反窜入曲轴箱,使机油被氧化而产生有机酸。有机酸把铅-铜合金轴承和铅-钯合金轴承中起减磨作用的铅成分腐蚀掉之后,不仅会增加合金层的负荷应力及摩擦阻力,从而增加磨损,还常常引起合金层脱落,使配合件抱死。烧机油后,使机油里的积炭、灰垢、酸值增加,加速机油老化变质,与渗漏的水混合形成油泥,失去润滑作用。机油更换频繁,消耗浪费增加,车辆的运输成本高,经济效益低、发动机寿命短等。因此,解决柴油发动机油消耗大的问题非常重要,目前解决烧机油的问题常用的办法是在机油中添加抗烧机油添加剂,如专利CN104946347A提出的一种汽车发动机抗烧机油添加剂组合物,而实践证明,这种办法并不有效,而且还会破坏原来柴油机油中的添加剂体系,影响机油的清净分散性和抗磨性。
通过分析柴油发动机的工作原理及机油消耗量大的原因,不难发现影响机油消耗的因素除了机械加工精度,与润滑油的关系十分密切。一方面机油通过汽缸壁、活塞环、气门导管进入燃烧室烧掉导致机油消耗大,这归结于油品本身的抗磨保护性和油膜厚度等,目前市面上矿物油型柴油机油的200℃运动黏度普遍偏低,为2.3~2.5mm2/s偏低,合成型柴油机油的200℃运动粘度则偏高,为2.8~3.0mm2/s;另一方面源于涡轮增压器,因涡轮增压器连接在进气歧管上,工作温度非常高,涡轮增压器的轮轴承与发动机采用共同的机油润滑,一般从发动机油底壳处引机油管到涡轮增压器,当涡轮增压器的油封因为高温失效后,机油就会通过发动机进气燃烧室烧掉。另外,发动机机油油底壳密封件老化会导致机油渗漏而损失,也会出现机油消耗量大,这主要归结于发动机油与机油密封件的相容性。总之,目前的柴油机油配方不能改善上述机油消耗量大的问题。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明针对上述现有机油油耗大的问题,提供了一种降低机油消耗的柴油机油组合物。
技术方案:本发明的降低机油消耗的柴油机油组合物,由以下重量百分含量的组分调和而成:基础油75-85%、柴油机油复合剂9-13%、粘度指数改进剂4-8%、摩擦改进剂0.05-1.5%、抗氧剂0.2-0.5%、橡胶密封改进剂0.3-2%、降凝剂0.1-0.5%。
本发明调和所得柴油机油组合物200℃运动黏度为2.5-2.8mm2/s,更优选地为2.65-2.75mm2/s。
本发明使用的基础油为高粘度指数的加氢精制基础油或聚α-烯烃合成基础油中的至少一种。其中,高粘度指数的加氢精制基础油包括Ⅲ类基础油Yubase4、Ⅱ类基础油500SN和Ⅱ类基础油150SN;聚α-烯烃合成基础油为聚α-烯烃基础油PAO10。
优选的,本发明中的基础油是质量比0-100%的高粘度指数的加氢精制基础油与0-100%的聚α-烯烃合成基础油复合;特别是质量比50-70%的高粘度指数的加氢精制基础油与30-50%的聚α-烯烃合成基础油复合;其中高粘度指数的加氢精制基础油可以选自Ⅲ类基础油Yubase4、Ⅱ类基础油500SN和Ⅱ类基础油150SN中的任意两种,优选的,重量比为1:1-2;聚α-烯烃合成基础油可以为聚α-烯烃基础油PAO10。
所述的柴油机油复合剂为满足APICH-4及以上级别的发动机油复合剂,优选的,本发明选用的柴油机油复合剂为HITEC8744X或Infineum D3451。柴油机油复合剂是选用优质的清净剂、分散剂、抗氧抗腐剂及无灰抗氧剂、减磨剂等调制而成,添加了柴油机油复合剂的柴油机油可显著改善发动机的活塞充炭和汽缸磨损,并有优异的烟灰分散和抗氧、抗腐蚀及抗磨损性能,可有效地保护发动机和延长发动机使用寿命。
本发明使用的粘度指数改进剂为聚甲基丙烯酸酯型或聚甲基丙烯酸酯-乙烯丙烯共聚物复合型粘指剂,优选的为Viscoplex 2-540或Viscoplex2-610。与传统的发动机油所用的乙烯丙烯共聚物和氢化苯乙烯-异戊二烯型粘指剂相比,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯型粘指剂具有更好的粘温特性,稠化能力高,加剂量少,可提升润滑油配方中高粘度基础油的使用量,降低油品的蒸发损失,且能更好地控制油品因烟炱而导致的粘度增长,大大降低了因机油窜入燃烧室、机油蒸发及机油使用过程中黏度增大等因素导致的机油消耗量。
本发明选用特定的基础油与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯型粘度指数改进剂的合理复配,能够控制油品在200℃的运动黏度在2.5-2.8mm2/s,更优的能够控制在2.65-2.75mm2/s。使得油品在发动机活塞环及气缸壁等部位具有最优的油膜厚度,避免高温油膜过厚或过薄而导致的机油消耗量大的问题。
本发明的柴油机油组合物中加入的摩擦改进剂为特殊结构的低极型聚合酯型摩擦改进剂,优选的为CORDAPERFAD 3000或KEJENLUBE 2700中的一种。本发明选用的摩擦改进剂不仅与复合添加剂具有很好的兼容性,能够提高油品的成膜性能和降低摩擦;而且具有出色的热氧化稳定性,能提高油品的清净分散性,避免积碳在燃烧室、活塞、活塞环、气门等部位形成积碳。
本发明还加入了橡胶密封改进剂,优选的为3-烷氧基四亚烷基砜,3-烷氧基四亚烷基砜的加入可有助于提高润滑油对发动机密封件的兼容保护性,延缓密封件的老化,修复并活化已老化的密封件,有效解决车辆渗油的问题。
所述的抗氧化剂为为质量比0-100%的烷基二苯胺与0-100%的酚型抗氧剂复合。优选的,所述抗氧剂是质量比40-50%的烷基二苯胺与50-60%的酚型抗氧剂复合。
所述的降凝剂为聚甲基丙烯酸酯,优选的为Viscoplex1-248。
有益效果:本发明的柴油机油组合物具有优异的清净分散性、高温抗氧化性和抗磨减摩性,关键是通过合理的配方设计使油品在高温下具有最佳的油膜厚度,并提高了润滑油对发动机密封件的兼容保护性,延缓密封件的老化,修复并活化已老化的密封件,防止并解决车辆渗油的问题,有效解决柴油发动机机油消耗量大的问题。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所用原料如无特殊说明,均为市场所售。
实施例1
本实施例的降低机油消耗量的柴油机油组合物CH-415W-40,由以下重量百分含量的组分调和而成:
实施例2
本实施例的降低机油消耗量的柴油机油组合物CI-415W-40,由以下重量百分含量的组分调和而成:
实施例3
本实施例的降低机油消耗量的柴油机油组合物CI-415W-40,由以下重量百分含量的组分调和而成:
实施例4
本实施例的降低机油消耗量的柴油机油组合物CH-415W-40,由以下重量百分含量的组分调和而成:
实施例5
本实施例的降低机油消耗量的柴油机油组合物CH-415W-40,由以下重量百分含量的组分调和而成:
实施例6
本实施例的降低机油消耗量的柴油机油组合物CI-415W-40,由以下重量百分含量的组分调和而成:
性能测试:
采用相应的测试方法对上述实施例所得柴油机油组合物做了性能测试,主要性能指标列于表1。
表1 各实施例油品的性能指标数据
从表1中的数据可以看出,本发明所得产品具有适宜的高温运动黏度、良好的高温清净性和润滑减摩性,确保了油品具有优异的燃油经济性和对发动机的耐久性保护,机油消耗率也得到了大大改善,平均油耗均低于70g/h,200℃运动黏度均在2.65-2.75mm2/s范围内。
本发明中粘度指数改进剂的选用起到了非常关键的作用,为了进一步体现其带来的有益效果,特在实施例1的基础上,设计了两个对比例:对比例1选用传统的粘度指数改进剂乙烯丙烯共聚物粘指剂Lubrizol 7077,对比例2则直接不使用粘度指数改进剂。除了粘度指数改进剂的选用,其他组分以及重量百分含量均同实施例1,根据相应条件调配好柴油机油组合物之后,对其进行性能测试,结果如表2。
表2 粘度指数改进剂的使用以及选用对柴油机油组合物性能的影响数据
由表中数据可见,使用传统的粘度指数改进剂乙烯丙烯共聚物粘指剂或者不使用粘度指数改进剂的情况下,所得油品的200℃运动粘度高,直接导致油耗也远远超出70g/h。
本发明中摩擦改进剂为低极型聚合酯型,并且还特别添加了橡胶密封改进剂,为了进一步验证其在本发明中带来的有益效果,在实施例3的基础上,设计了对比例3和4:其中对比例3不使用摩擦改进剂,对比例4不使用橡胶密封改进剂,其他组分以及重量百分含量均同实施例3,根据相应条件调配好柴油机油组合物之后,对其进行性能测试,结果如表3。
表3 性能测试结果
由表中数据可见,在不使用摩擦改进剂或者橡胶密封改进剂的情况下,所得油品的200℃运动粘度高,直接导致油耗也远远超出70g/h。
Claims (7)
1.一种降低机油消耗的柴油机油组合物,其特征在于由以下重量百分含量的组分调和而成:基础油75-85%、柴油机油复合剂9-13%、粘度指数改进剂4-8%、摩擦改进剂0.05-1.5%、抗氧剂0.2-0.5%、橡胶密封改进剂0.3-2%、降凝剂0.1-0.5%;所述粘度指数改进剂为聚甲基丙烯酸酯型或聚甲基丙烯酸酯-乙烯丙烯共聚物复合型粘指剂;所述基础油是质量比0-100%的高粘度指数的加氢精制基础油与0-100%的聚α-烯烃合成基础油复合;所得柴油机油组合物200℃运动黏度为2.65-2.75mm2/s。
2.根据权利要求1所述的降低机油消耗的柴油机油组合物,其特征在于:所述基础油是质量比50-70%的高粘度指数的加氢精制基础油与30-50%的聚α-烯烃合成基础油复合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的降低机油消耗的柴油机油组合物,其特征在于:所述高粘度指数的加氢精制基础油选自Ⅲ类基础油Yubase4、Ⅱ类基础油500SN和Ⅱ类基础油150SN中的至少一种,聚α-烯烃合成基础油为聚α-烯烃基础油PAO10。
4.根据权利要求1所述的降低机油消耗的柴油机油组合物,其特征在于:所述的柴油机油复合剂为满足API CH-4及以上级别的发动机油复合剂;所述摩擦改进剂为特殊结构的低极性聚合酯型摩擦改进剂,所述橡胶密封改进剂为3-烷氧基四亚烷基砜。
5.根据权利要求1所述的降低机油消耗的柴油机油组合物,其特征在于:所述的抗氧化剂为质量比0-100%的烷基二苯胺与0-100%的酚型抗氧剂复合。
6.根据权利要求5所述的降低机油消耗的柴油机油组合物,其特征在于:所述抗氧剂是质量比40-50%的烷基二苯胺与50-60%的酚型抗氧剂复合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的降低机油消耗的柴油机油组合物,其特征在于:所述降凝剂为聚甲基丙烯酸酯。
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