CN106187121B - 一种叠层陶瓷刀具的制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种叠层陶瓷刀具的制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN106187121B
CN106187121B CN201610578867.4A CN201610578867A CN106187121B CN 106187121 B CN106187121 B CN 106187121B CN 201610578867 A CN201610578867 A CN 201610578867A CN 106187121 B CN106187121 B CN 106187121B
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邓建新
孟荣
刘亚运
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
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    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
    • C04B2235/3817—Carbides
    • C04B2235/3839—Refractory metal carbides
    • C04B2235/3843—Titanium carbides
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    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
    • C04B2235/3817—Carbides
    • C04B2235/3839—Refractory metal carbides
    • C04B2235/3847—Tungsten carbides

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Abstract

本发明属于机械切削刀具制造技术领域，特别是涉及一种叠层陶瓷刀具的制备工艺。该叠层陶瓷刀具由Al2O3/(W,Ti)C和Al2O3/TiC组成，表层材料为Al2O3/(W,Ti)C，中间叠层材料为Al2O3/TiC，Al2O3/(W,Ti)C材料与Al2O3/TiC材料交替铺叠，其主要特征是在装料时，每填一层后，用装料加压模具预压一次，装料加压模具表面带有多个圆柱形或半球形微凸起，可使层与层之间的结合犬牙交错，从而可提高层与层之间的界面结合强度。采用该工艺制备的叠层陶瓷刀具的抗冲击能力比普通均质陶瓷刀具显著增强，使用寿命大大提高。

Description

一种叠层陶瓷刀具的制备工艺
一、技术领域
本发明属于机械切削刀具制造技术领域，特别是涉及一种叠层陶瓷刀具的制备工艺。
二、背景技术
叠层陶瓷材料是由层片状的陶瓷结构单元和界面分隔层两部分组成，叠层陶瓷材料的性能主要是由这两部分各自的性能和二者界面的结合状态所决定的。叠层陶瓷不象其它强韧化方法那样以牺牲部分强度来换取较高的韧性，而是使材料的强度和韧性同时得以提高。当材料受到冲击时，裂纹多次在界面处受到阻碍而钝化和偏折，可有效减弱了载荷作用下裂纹尖端的应力集中效应，使陶瓷材料的韧性得到极大改善，叠层陶瓷可提高材料的抗破坏性及可靠性。
英文文献“Materials Science Engineering A”(2010,527:1039-1047)报道了一种Al2O3/(W,Ti)C+Al2O3/TiC叠层陶瓷刀具；文献“人工晶体学报”(2013,42(11):2418-2424)报道了一种Al2O3/TiC+Al2O3/TiC/CaF2叠层陶瓷拉拔模具；中国专利“专利号ZL201110437141.6”报道了一种叠层陶瓷水煤浆喷嘴的制备工艺，该水煤浆喷嘴出口部采用叠层陶瓷结构，由于出口部陶瓷层间热膨胀系数的差异使得喷嘴出口部在热压烧结后形成一定的残余压应力，从而可缓解陶瓷水煤浆喷嘴出口部在使用过程中的热应力，提高其抗热冲击能力。
三、发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足，提供一种叠层陶瓷刀具的制备工艺，该叠层陶瓷刀具由Al2O3/(W,Ti)C和Al2O3/TiC组成，表层材料为Al2O3/(W,Ti)C，中间叠层材料为Al2O3/TiC，Al2O3/(W,Ti)C材料与Al2O3/TiC材料交替铺叠，其主要特征是在装料时，每填一层后，用装料加压模具预压一次，装料加压模具表面带有多个圆柱形或半球形微凸起，可使层与层之间的结合犬牙交错，从而可提高层与层之间的界面结合强度。
本发明是通过以下方式实现的。
一种叠层陶瓷刀具的制备工艺，其特征是在装料时，每装填一层后，用装料加压模具预压一次，装料加压模具表面带有多个圆柱形或半球形微凸起。其制备工艺步骤如下：
(1)以Al2O3为基体，以(W,Ti)C和TiC为强化相，配置(W,Ti)C含量为45％(质量百分比)的Al2O3/(W,Ti)C陶瓷复合粉末和TiC含量为55％(质量百分比)的Al2O3/TiC陶瓷复合粉末；
(2)将配置好的Al2O3/(W,Ti)C和Al2O3/TiC陶瓷复合粉末分别进行强化球磨，以乙醇作为介质，球磨时间150小时；
(3)将球磨好的Al2O3/(W,Ti)C和Al2O3/TiC陶瓷复合粉末分别放置真空干燥箱中干燥，干燥后采用200目的筛在有氮气保护的橱中过筛；
(4)采用数控加工工艺制备装料加压模具，该装料加压模具材质为45#钢，在其表面加工出5-50个圆柱形或半球形微凸起；圆柱形微凸起直径为4μm-40μm，高度为4μm-40μm，距为4μm-40μm；半球形微凸起直径为4μm-40μm，高度为2μm-20μm，距为4μm-40μm；
(5)将干燥好的Al2O3/(W,Ti)C陶瓷复合粉末装入石墨模具中，用装料加压模具预压，然后装入Al2O3/TiC陶瓷复合粉末，再用装料加压模具预压，依次交替铺叠，每装填一层后，用装料加压模具预压一次；
(6)将装填好的材料置于热压烧结炉中进行热压烧结，以氮气作为烧结气氛，热压温度为1700℃，压力为30MPa，保温时间为10min；
(7)烧结后冷却至室温，取出热压叠层陶瓷试样，对试样表面进行磨削，即可制备出叠层陶瓷刀具。
通过上述工艺制备的叠层陶瓷刀具，可使叠层陶瓷层与层之间的结合犬牙交错，从而可提高层与层之间的界面结合强度，该叠层陶瓷刀具的抗冲击能力比普通均质陶瓷刀具显著增强，使用寿命大大提高。
四、附图说明
图1为本发明的叠层陶瓷刀具装料过程示意图，图中：1为石墨模具、2为装料加压模具、3为Al2O3/TiC层、4为Al2O3/(W,Ti)C层、5为石墨压头。
图2为本发明的装料加压模具示意图。
图3为本发明的叠层陶瓷刀具横截面结构示意图。
五、具体实施方式：
下面给出本发明的二个最佳实施例：
实施例一：一种叠层陶瓷刀具的制备工艺，其特征是在装料时，每装填一层后，用装料加压模具预压一次，装料加压模具表面带有多个圆柱形微凸起，其制备工艺步骤如下：
(1)以Al2O3为基体，以(W,Ti)C和TiC为强化相，配置(W,Ti)C含量为45％(质量百分比)的Al2O3/(W,Ti)C陶瓷复合粉末和TiC含量为55％(质量百分比)的Al2O3/TiC陶瓷复合粉末；
(2)将配置好的Al2O3/(W,Ti)C和Al2O3/TiC陶瓷复合粉末分别进行强化球磨，以乙醇作为介质，球磨时间150小时；
(3)将球磨好的Al2O3/(W,Ti)C和Al2O3/TiC陶瓷复合粉末分别放置真空干燥箱中干燥，干燥后采用200目的筛在有氮气保护的橱中过筛；
(4)采用数控加工工艺制备装料加压模具，该装料加压模具材质为45#钢，在其表面加工出30个圆柱形微凸起，圆柱形微凸起直径为20μm，高度为20μm，距为20μm；
(5)将干燥好的Al2O3/(W,Ti)C陶瓷复合粉末装入石墨模具中，用装料加压模具预压，然后装入Al2O3/TiC陶瓷复合粉末，再用装料加压模具预压，依次交替铺叠，每装填一层后，用装料加压模具预压一次；
(6)将装填好的材料置于热压烧结炉中进行热压烧结，以氮气作为烧结气氛，热压温度为1700℃，压力为30MPa，保温时间为10min；
(7)烧结后冷却至室温，取出热压叠层陶瓷试样，对试样表面进行磨削，即可制备出叠层陶瓷刀具。
实施例二：一种叠层陶瓷刀具的制备工艺，其特征是在装料时，每装填一层后，用装料加压模具预压一次，装料加压模具表面带有多个半球形微凸起，其制备工艺步骤如下：
(1)以Al2O3为基体，以(W,Ti)C和TiC为强化相，配置(W,Ti)C含量为45％(质量百分比)的Al2O3/(W,Ti)C陶瓷复合粉末和TiC含量为55％(质量百分比)的Al2O3/TiC陶瓷复合粉末；
(2)将配置好的Al2O3/(W,Ti)C和Al2O3/TiC陶瓷复合粉末分别进行强化球磨，以乙醇作为介质，球磨时间150小时；
(3)将球磨好的Al2O3/(W,Ti)C和Al2O3/TiC陶瓷复合粉末分别放置真空干燥箱中干燥，干燥后采用200目的筛在有氮气保护的橱中过筛；
(4)采用数控加工工艺制备装料加压模具，该装料加压模具材质为45#钢，在其表面加工出40个半球形微凸起，半球形微凸起直径为30μm，高度为15μm，距为15μm；
(5)将干燥好的Al2O3/(W,Ti)C陶瓷复合粉末装入石墨模具中，用装料加压模具预压，然后装入Al2O3/TiC陶瓷复合粉末，再用装料加压模具预压，依次交替铺叠，每装填一层后，用装料加压模具预压一次；
(6)将装填好的材料置于热压烧结炉中进行热压烧结，以氮气作为烧结气氛，热压温度为1700℃，压力为30MPa，保温时间为10min；
(7)烧结后冷却至室温，取出热压叠层陶瓷试样，对试样表面进行磨削，即可制备出叠层陶瓷刀具。

Claims (1)

1.一种叠层陶瓷刀具的制备工艺，其特征是在装料时，每装填一层后，用装料加压模具预压一次，装料加压模具表面带有多个圆柱形或半球形微凸起；
所述制备工艺的步骤为：
(1)以Al2O3为基体，以(W,Ti)C和TiC为强化相，配置(W,Ti)C含量为45％(质量百分比)的Al2O3/(W,Ti)C陶瓷复合粉末和TiC含量为55％(质量百分比)的Al2O3/TiC陶瓷复合粉末；
(2)将配置好的Al2O3/(W,Ti)C和Al2O3/TiC陶瓷复合粉末分别进行强化球磨，以乙醇作为介质，球磨时间150小时；
(3)将球磨好的Al2O3/(W,Ti)C和Al2O3/TiC陶瓷复合粉末分别放置真空干燥箱中干燥，干燥后采用200目的筛在有氮气保护的橱中过筛；
(4)采用数控加工工艺制备装料加压模具，该装料加压模具材质为45#钢，在其表面加工出5-50个圆柱形或半球形微凸起；圆柱形微凸起直径为4μm-40μm，高度为4μm-40μm，距为4μm-40μm；半球形微凸起直径为4μm-40μm，高度为2μm-20μm，距为4μm-40μm；
(5)将干燥好的Al2O3/(W,Ti)C陶瓷复合粉末装入石墨模具中，用装料加压模具预压，然后装入Al2O3/TiC陶瓷复合粉末，再用装料加压模具预压，依次交替铺叠，每装填一层后，用装料加压模具预压一次；
(6)将装填好的材料置于热压烧结炉中进行热压烧结，以氮气作为烧结气氛，热压烧结温度为1700℃，压力为30MPa，保温时间为10min；
(7)烧结后冷却至室温，取出热压叠层陶瓷试样，对试样表面进行磨削，即可制备出叠层陶瓷刀具。
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