CN106183782A - 用于混合动力车辆的动力传动系 - Google Patents

用于混合动力车辆的动力传动系 Download PDF

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CN106183782A
CN106183782A CN201510226631.XA CN201510226631A CN106183782A CN 106183782 A CN106183782 A CN 106183782A CN 201510226631 A CN201510226631 A CN 201510226631A CN 106183782 A CN106183782 A CN 106183782A
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CN106183782B (zh
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崔锦林
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Hyundai Motor Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/089—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears all of the meshing gears being supported by a pair of parallel shafts, one being the input shaft and the other the output shaft, there being no countershaft involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4816—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox internal shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H2003/0818—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts comprising means for power-shifting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H2003/0822—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the arrangement of at least one reverse gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2046—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with six engaging means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/915—Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/917—Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev with transmission for changing gear ratio
    • Y10S903/919—Stepped shift

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  • Transportation (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于混合动力车辆的动力传动系。所述动力传动系可以包括：多个轴，所述多个轴设置为与第一换挡机构中的变速器输入轴平行，其中第一换挡机构接收来自发动机的动力，并且在车辆行驶时所述多个轴将来自电机的动力传送至驱动轴；以及第二换挡机构，其包括安装在多个轴上的多个齿轮，其中在车辆行驶时，多个齿轮中的一个通过恒定同步器与从动齿轮保持接合，并且与从动齿轮旋转。

Description

用于混合动力车辆的动力传动系
技术领域
本发明总体而言涉及用于混合动力车辆的动力传动系。更具体地，本发明涉及这样一种用于混合动力车辆的动力传动系，其通过将电机与用于前轮的驱动轴联接，并且提供用于增加的高速度的传动比，来高效地改善换挡性能的。
背景技术
自动的手动变速器(Automated Manual Transmission，AMT)可以在车辆行驶时利用执行器来提供自动换挡，从而提供类似于自动变速器的便利性，并且在保持高于自动变速器的动力传输效率的同时能够有助于提高车辆的燃料效率。
然而，对于基于同步啮合型换挡机构的自动的手动变速器而言，在通过变换挡位的执行器来执行自动换挡的过程中，需要来自发动机的动力断开一段时间，这样扭矩会减小，并且使换挡性能变差(诸如车辆被回拉)。
因此，需要这样的用于混合动力车辆的动力传动系，其即使在车辆行驶时的换挡期间，来自发动机的动力断开的情况下，也可以提供无振动的换挡。
公开于该发明背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在加深对本发明的一般背景技术的理解，而不应视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的各个方面涉及提供一种用于混合动力车辆的动力传动系，其即使在车辆行驶中的换挡期间，来自发动机的动力断开的情况下，也可以提供没有振动的换挡。
在本发明的一个方面中，一种用于车辆的动力传动系可以包括：第一换挡机构，其包括变速器输入轴；多个轴，所述多个轴设置为与第一换挡机构中的变速器输入轴平行，其中第一换挡机构接收来自发动机的动力，并且在车辆行驶时所述多个轴将来自电机的动力传送至驱动轴；以及第二换挡机构，其包括安装在多个轴上的多个齿轮，在车辆行驶时多个齿轮中的一个通过恒定同步器保持与从动齿轮接合并且与从动齿轮旋转。
选择换挡挡位的换挡拨叉轴设置为用于第一换挡机构和第二换挡机构，以选择性地接合多个齿轮，其中，换挡拨叉轴可以具有电机挡位，并且其中，在车辆行驶时对应于车辆的速度的挡位被选择，并且恒定同步器保持与从动齿轮接合。
选择换挡挡位的换挡拨叉轴设置为用于第一换挡机构和第二换挡机构，以选择性地接合多个齿轮，并且当空挡位被接合时，恒定同步器保持与从动齿轮接合。
选择换挡挡位的换挡拨叉轴设置为用于第一换挡机构和第二换挡机构，以选择性地接合多个齿轮，并且当电机挡位被选择时，恒定同步器与从动齿轮分离。
第二换挡机构包括第一轴和第二轴，驱动齿轮安装在第一轴上，从动齿轮和输出齿轮安装在第二轴上，以及从动齿轮与恒定同步器接合或者分离，从而使得来自电机的动力传送至驱动轴，或者与驱动轴断开。
电机与第一轴直接联接。
倒挡齿轮和与所述倒挡齿轮接合或者分离的倒挡同步器安装在第一轴上。
倒挡齿轮与在第一换挡机构的变速器输入轴上的驱动齿轮接合。
当车辆怠速时，第二换挡机构将从动齿轮与恒定同步器彼此分离，并且将倒挡齿轮与倒挡同步器彼此接合，从而使得来自发动机的驱动力输入至电机，并且对电池进行充电。
根据本发明的用于混合动力车辆的动力传动系，其可以将电机与驱动轴直接联接，而不用增加部件至现有AMT或者DCI中的换挡器/选择器。另外，通过在车辆怠速时分离电机，可以进行怠速充电，这样可以去除混合动力起动发电机(Hybrid Starter Generator；HSG)。另外，由于在车辆行驶时电机保持与驱动轴直接联接，所以即使在换挡期间也可以通过电机来补偿断开的发动机动力，以改善换挡性能且没有振动。
本发明的方法和装置可以具有其他的特性和优点，这些特性和优点从并入本文中的附图和随后的具体实施方式中将是显而易见的，或者将在并入本文中的附图和随后的具体实施方式中进行详细陈述，这些附图和具体实施方式共同用于解释本发明的特定原理。
附图说明
图1是示出了根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的混合动力车辆的动力传动系的构造的图。
图2是示出了在图1中所示的动力传动系操作中的动力流的图。
图3是示出了图1中所示的电机的怠速充电的图。
图4是示出了图1中所示的动力传动系针对车辆倒车的操作的图。
应当理解的是，附图并非按比例地绘制，而是图示性地简化呈现各种特征以显示本发明的基本原理。本文所公开的本发明的具体设计特征(包括例如，具体尺寸、方向、位置和外形)将部分地由具体所要应用和使用的环境来确定。
在这些图形中，贯穿附图的多幅图形，附图标记引用本发明的相同或等同的部分。
具体实施方式
下面将详细参考本发明的各种实施例，这是实施例的示例示于在附图中并且描述如下。尽管将结合示例性实施例来描述本发明，但是将理解的是，本说明书并非旨在将本发明限制于那些示例性实施例。相反，本发明旨在不但覆盖这些示例性实施方案，而且覆盖可以包括在由所附权利要求所限定的本发明的精神和范围之内的各种替选方式、修改方式、等同方式以及其它的实施例。
在下文中，将参照附图来描述根据本发明的一个实施例的用于混合动力车辆的动力传动系。
图1是示出了根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的混合动力车辆的动力传动系的结构的图，图2是示出了在图1中所示的动力传动系操作中的动力流的图，图3是示出了图1中所示的电机怠速充电的图。图4是示出图1中所示的动力传动系针对车辆倒车的操作的图。
根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的用于混合动力车辆的动力传动系包括：多个轴610和620，多个轴610和620设置为与第一换挡机构500的变速器输入轴510平行，该第一换挡机构500接收来自发动机100的动力，在车辆行驶时多个轴610和620将来自电机200的动力传送至驱动轴300；以及第二换挡机构600，其包括安装在轴610和620上的多个齿轮630、650、660和670，在车辆行驶时多个齿轮中的一个通过恒定同步器640与从动齿轮630保持接合并且与从动齿轮630旋转。
本发明涉及用于混合动力车辆的动力传动系，其中安装了电机200和发动机100二者，并且换挡机构500和600分别设置为用于发动机100和电机200。联接至发动机100的第一换挡机构500包括：变速器输入轴510；多个驱动齿轮530a和530b，其设置在变速器输入轴510上；变速器输出轴550；从动齿轮540，其相对于变速器输出轴550旋转；以及多个同步器560，其选择性地将换挡所至的每个挡位的从动齿轮540同步。应理解的是，必要时本领域的技术人员可以将本文中所述的第一换挡机构500的配置和布置修改为各种方式。
第二换挡机构600设置为用于电机200，这样在车辆行驶时，来自电机200的动力传送至驱动轴300，并且与来自发动机100的驱动力相结合。即使来自发动机100的动力在换挡期间通过离合器700断开，来自电机200的动力也持续传送至驱动轴300，这样在换挡期间整个系统的动力未断开，且相应地提高了换挡性能而没有振动。
详细地描述本发明的配置，第二换挡机构600包括第一轴610和第二轴620，驱动齿轮650安装在第一轴610上，并且从动齿轮630和输出齿轮660安装在第二轴620上。第一轴610与驱动齿轮650和电机200直接联接，这样第一轴610通过来自电机200的动力与它们一起旋转。输出齿轮660与第二轴620直接联接，并且随着第二轴620旋转，从动齿轮630在第二轴620上并且相对于第二轴620旋转。因此，从动齿轮630与恒定同步器640接合或者分离，这样可以将从电机200提供的动力传送至驱动轴300，或者将从电机200提供的动力与驱动轴300断开。
倒挡齿轮670和倒挡同步器680安装在第一轴610上，该倒挡同步器680与倒挡齿轮670接合或者分离。倒挡齿轮670与第一换挡机构500的变速器输入轴510上的驱动齿轮中的一个530b接合。相应地，当倒挡齿轮670通过倒挡同步器680接合时，来自发动机100的动力通过第一换挡机构500的驱动齿轮530传送至驱动轴300，使得车辆可以倒车。显然地，来自电机200的动力也通过倒挡齿轮670和倒挡同步器680传送至驱动轴300。在这个示例性实施例中，倒挡齿轮670、倒挡同步器680和驱动齿轮650顺序地设置在第一轴610上，但是可以根据设计或环境来任意地改变这种布置。
从动齿轮630设置在第二轴620上，并且相对于第二轴620旋转。从动齿轮630通过在第一轴610上的驱动齿轮650来驱动，但相对于第二轴620旋转，而从动齿轮630通过恒定同步器640被接合时与第二轴620旋转。另外，输出齿轮660安装在第二轴620上，使得来自电机200的动力通过驱动齿轮650、从动齿轮630和输出齿轮660，最终传送至驱动轴300。
由于电机200与第一轴直接联接，所以来自电机200的动力通过第一轴610上的驱动齿轮650和第二轴620上的从动齿轮630而传送至驱动轴300，当发动机怠速时，来自发动机100的动力传送至电机200，并且对电池充电。
可以选择换挡挡位的换挡拨叉轴(shifting rail)400设置为用于第一换挡机构500和第二换挡机构600，以选择性地接合齿轮。换挡拨叉轴400具有电机挡位，并且在车辆行驶时，对应于车辆的速度的齿轮被选择，并且恒定同步器640保持与从动齿轮630接合。
换挡拨叉轴400配置为：即使空挡位被接合，恒定同步器640也保持与从动齿轮630接合，这样即使在换挡期间来自电机200的动力也持续传送至驱动轴300。相应地，即使来自发动机100的动力在换挡期间通过离合器700断开，来自电机200的驱动力也能传送至驱动轴300，这样不产生振动，因而可以平顺地换挡，并增强了换挡性能。
最后，换挡拨叉轴400具有电机挡位，并且当驾驶员移动换挡杆至电机挡位时，恒定同步器640与从动齿轮630分离，并且来自电机200的动力不传送至驱动轴300。相应地，当车辆怠速时，可以通过使用倒挡齿轮670和倒挡同步器680，利用来自发动机的动力将电机200反转，而对电池充电。
参照图2至图4来描述当车辆行驶、怠速、倒车时的动力流动。
图2是示出了在车辆以接合的第一挡位行驶时动力传动系中的动力流的图。首先，针对用于发动机100的第一换挡机构500，第一从动齿轮540a和第二从动齿轮540b安装在变速器输出轴550上。在第一从动齿轮540a与第二从动齿轮540b之间的同步器560与第一从动齿轮540a接合，这样来自发动机100的动力通过变速器输入轴510上的第一驱动齿轮530a传送至变速器输出轴550上的第一从动齿轮540a。因此，来自发动机100的动力通过变速器输出轴550上的输出齿轮570从变速器输入轴510传送至驱动轴300。
针对用于电机200的第二换挡机构600，第二轴620上的从动齿轮630通过恒定同步器640接合，这样来自电机200的动力通过第一轴610上的驱动齿轮650传送至从动齿轮630，并且通过从动齿轮630来旋转第二轴620，这样来自电机200的动力通过第二轴620上的输出齿轮660传送至驱动轴300，并且与来自发动机100的动力结合。相应地，即使来自发动机100的动力在换挡期间通过离合器700断开，由于来自电机200的动力甚至在换挡期间都持续地传送至驱动轴300，所以驱动力持续地传送至驱动轴300，从而提高了换挡性能而没有振动。
图3是示出了电机200的怠速充电的图，其中，换挡拨叉轴400的电机挡位已经被选择。当车辆怠速时，来自发动机的驱动力不需要旋转驱动轴300，这样该驱动力将电机200反转，由此对电池充电。
相应地，在用于第一换挡机构500和第二换挡机构600的换挡拨叉轴400中电机挡位被选择时，恒定同步器640与从动齿轮630分离。由于恒定同步器640与从动齿轮630分离，所以即使第一轴610上的驱动齿轮650通过电机200旋转，第二轴620上的从动齿轮630也不能旋转第二轴620，这样动力不传送至驱动轴300。因此，当车辆怠速时，可以利用来自发动机100的动力，通过将电机200反转来对电池充电，这样不需要诸如混合动力起动发电机(Hybrid Starter Generator；HSG)的部件，并且相应地降低了制造成本。
描述利用电机200来对电池充电的过程，当车辆怠速时，第二换挡机构600将从动齿轮630与恒定同步器640分离，并且将倒挡齿轮670与倒挡同步器680接合，这样来自发动机100的驱动力通过变速器输入轴510上的驱动齿轮530b而输入至倒挡齿轮670。由于倒挡齿轮670与倒挡同步器680接合，所以通过采用与车辆行驶时的方向相反的方向来旋转第一轴610，而驱动力输入至电机200，由此对电池充电。然而，由于从动齿轮630与恒定同步器640分离，所以即使离合器700在怠速状态下未分离，也可以通过将电机200反转，利用来自发动机100的驱动力来对电池充电，并且动力不传送至驱动轴300。
图4是图示了车辆倒车时的图，其中换挡拨叉轴400中的倒挡位已经被选择。在第二换挡机构600中，第二轴620上的从动齿轮630与恒定同步器640接合。当车辆倒车时，来自发动机100的动力通过驱动齿轮530b传送至倒挡齿轮670，其中驱动齿轮530b通过变速器输入轴510与倒挡齿轮670啮合。倒挡齿轮670与倒挡同步器680接合，并且采用与车辆行驶时的方向相反的方向随着第一轴610旋转。输入至倒挡齿轮670的动力通过第一轴610上的驱动齿轮650和第二轴620上的从动齿轮630传送至输出齿轮660，然后传送至驱动轴300。
类似地，当倒挡位被选择时，来自电机200的动力采用与从发动机100传送至倒挡齿轮670的动力相同的方向，传送至驱动轴300。在这个过程中，驱动轴300通过倒挡齿轮670反转，并且车辆向后移动。
根据本发明的另一个实施例，相关技术领域的AMT在从第一挡位至倒挡位的选择拨叉轴中需要四路选择器，来实现六个传动比。然而，在本发明的示例性实施例中，需要电机挡位，这样额外地需要一路选择器。相应地，部件会增加，但为了防止增加部件，倒挡位可以通过诸如P挡位的接线(杆)与变速杆联接，而不与通过驾驶员操作的电动换挡器/选择器联接。根据这种配置，换挡器/选择器的操作数量与现有的AMT相同，从而不需要额外的成本。
根据本发明的用于混合动力车辆的动力传动系，其可以将电机与驱动轴直接联接，甚至不需要增加部件至现有的AMT或者DCI中的换挡器/选择器。另外，通过在车辆怠速时脱离电机，可以进行怠速充电，从而可以去除HSG。另外，由于在车辆行驶时电机保持与驱动轴直接联接，所以即使在换挡期间也可通过电机来补偿断开的发动机动力，从而提高了换挡性能而没有振动。
为了方便解释并精确限定所附权利要求，术语“上”、“下”、“内”和“外”用于参照附图中所显示的这些特征的位置来描述示例性实施例的特征。
前面对本发明具体示例性实施例所呈现的描述出于说明和描述的目的。前面的描述并非旨在穷举，或者将本发明限制为公开的精确形式，且显然的是，根据以上教导若干修改和变化都是可能的。选择示例性实施例并进行描述以解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用，由此使得本领域的其它技术人员能够利用并实现本发明的各种示例性实施例及其各种可替选方式和修改方式。本发明的范围旨在通过所附权利要求及其等同形式来限定。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于车辆的动力传动系，包括：
第一换挡机构，其包括变速器输入轴；
多个轴，所述多个轴设置为与所述第一换挡机构中的变速器输入轴平行，所述第一换挡机构接收来自发动机的动力，在车辆行驶时所述多个轴将来自电机的动力传送至驱动轴；
第二换挡机构，其包括安装在所述多个轴上的多个齿轮，在车辆行驶时所述多个齿轮中的一个通过恒定同步器保持与从动齿轮接合并且与所述从动齿轮旋转。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的动力传动系，其中，选择换挡挡位的换挡拨叉轴设置为用于所述第一换挡机构和所述第二换挡机构，以选择性地接合所述多个齿轮，
其中，所述换挡拨叉轴具有电机挡位，
其中，在车辆行驶时，对应于车辆速度的挡位被选择，并且所述恒定同步器保持与所述从动齿轮接合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的动力传动系，其中，选择换挡挡位的换挡拨叉轴设置为用于所述第一换挡机构和所述第二换挡机构，以选择性地接合所述多个齿轮，并且当空挡位被接合时，所述恒定同步器保持与所述从动齿轮接合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的动力传动系，其中，选择换挡挡位的换挡拨叉轴设置为用于所述第一换挡机构和所述第二换挡机构，以选择性地接合所述多个齿轮，并且当电机挡位被选择时，所述恒定同步器与所述从动齿轮分离。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的动力传动系，其中，所述第二换挡机构包括第一轴和第二轴，驱动齿轮安装在所述第一轴上，从动齿轮和输出齿轮安装在所述第二轴上，并且所述从动齿轮与所述恒定同步器接合或者分离，从而使得来自电机的动力传送至所述驱动轴，或者与所述驱动轴断开。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于车辆的动力传动系，其中，所述电机与所述第一轴直接联接。
7.根据权利要求5所述的用于车辆的动力传动系，其中，倒挡齿轮和与所述倒挡齿轮接合或者分离的倒挡同步器安装在所述第一轴上。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用于车辆的动力传动系，其中，所述倒挡齿轮与所述第一换挡机构的变速器输入轴上的驱动齿轮接合。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用于车辆的动力传动系，其中，当车辆怠速时，所述第二换挡机构将所述从动齿轮与所述恒定同步器彼此分离，并且将所述倒挡齿轮与所述倒挡同步器彼此接合，从而使得来自发动机的驱动力输入至电机，并且对电池进行充电。
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