CN106174678A - One shows Luzhou-flavor characteristic tobacco baking method - Google Patents
One shows Luzhou-flavor characteristic tobacco baking method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106174678A CN106174678A CN201610725935.5A CN201610725935A CN106174678A CN 106174678 A CN106174678 A CN 106174678A CN 201610725935 A CN201610725935 A CN 201610725935A CN 106174678 A CN106174678 A CN 106174678A
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- nicotiana tabacum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/10—Roasting or cooling tobacco
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Abstract
nullThe invention discloses one and show Luzhou-flavor characteristic tobacco baking method,The method is according in not equality of temperature、Under humidity environment,Cellulose in Nicotiana tabacum L. body、The macromolecular compound degradation speed such as starch and protein、Speed is different,And total sugar、Reducing sugar、The chemical composition aggregate velocity such as nicotine and aldehydes matter、The rule that speed is different,By adjusting the temperature in each stage in Tobacco Leaf Curing、Wet bulb temperature、Ambient wind velocity、Baking time,I.e. compared with traditional method,The present invention takes each stage wet bulb temperature to heighten 0.5 DEG C,Nicotiana tabacum L. changing yellow stage requires that Nicotiana tabacum L. yellowing degree heightens about one one-tenth,Nicotiana tabacum L. flavescence turns a fire phase requirement dehydration degree and turns down 2 3%,So that cured tobacco leaf reaches the outward appearance background color of strong-flavor tobacco leaf based on micro-ash and micro-red,The feature that colourity is stronger,Sugar is low、Chemical composition and carotenoid degradation product that alkali is high are more、Brown reaction product is more、The requirement of the less grade of aldehydes matter,It is finally reached and can show strong-flavor style characteristic tobacco、Ensure the requirement of quality of tobacco.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tobacco flue-curing method, especially relate to one and show Luzhou-flavor characteristic tobacco baking method.
Background technology
China's flue-cured tobacco flavor types is divided into Luzhou-flavor, flat-flavor and three kinds of odor types of delicate fragrance type, and the research to style characteristic is universal
Think: ecological determine characteristic, kind show characteristic, cultivation ensure characteristic, style characteristic research great majority concentrate on tobacco variety,
In ecology, cultivation, tobacco flue-curing is less to the influence research of style characteristic.
Xinfeng County, Ganzhou City and Nanxiong City of Guangdong Province adjoin, and cultivation, ecology and edaphic condition are basically identical, and Nanxiong Nicotiana tabacum L. is dense
Odor type highlights, and Xinfeng Nicotiana tabacum L. tends to middle Luzhou-flavor partially, and the difference of its maximum is exactly that baking method is different.
" screening of flue-cured tobacco apparent region feature sensory evaluation index " research shows: delicate fragrance type and flat-flavor producing region (cloud
Gui Chuan, northeast), Nicotiana tabacum L. background color is based on white, and glossiness is vivider;Luzhou-flavor producing region Nicotiana tabacum L. background color is with micro-ash and micro-red is
Main, Nicotiana tabacum L. glossiness dark [Wang Xinmin etc., the screening [J] of flue-cured tobacco apparent region feature sensory evaluation index. Nicotiana tabacum L. science and technology
2011(3): 59-68].Yunnan is typical delicate fragrance type Nicotiana tabacum L. producing region, its baking method and typical case Luzhou-flavor producing region (Henan, lake
South) baking method entirely different, Yunnan tobacco toast its changing yellow stage, fixation stage, drying muscle stage psychrometric difference require all be higher than dense
Odor type producing region, its tobacco flue-curing wet bulb temperature is low 1-2 DEG C, changing yellow stage yellowing degree require low 1-2 become [Cui Guomin etc. different
The baking process impact [J] on Nicotiana tabacum L. judging parameter and flavor matter. Agriculture of Anhui science, 2013,41(24): 10125-
10128, Zhao Gaokun etc. flue-cured tobacco upgrading flavouring baking process studies [J] with three-phase-drying for tobacco process ration. and China's agronomy leads to
Report, 2014,30 (12): 312-315], roasting rear external appearance characteristic is significantly different, and its background color of Yunnan tobacco is based on white background, and color is
Lemon yellow to light orange is main, and Maturity is the poorest, and gloss intensity is good, and blade face is in addition to Essential colour, and without other colors, blade face is clean,
Its main cause, each stage wet bulb controls low, and brown reaction product is few, and the macromole aroma substance of synthesis is less, and material disappears
Consume the most less, show as that sugar is high, alkali is low [Su Yu etc. different flavor flue-cured tobacco main Maillard reaction thing and sensory evaluating smoking's index
Correlation analysis [J]. China agronomy circular .2016,32(7): 179-184, Wang Jianbing etc., different flavor Flue-cured tobacco Quality characteristic
Research. Anhui Nicotiana tabacum L. science and technology. 2015,43(34): 65-67];And Luzhou-flavor producing region cured tobacco leaf Maturity is preferable, color is the deepest
Partially dark, to deep orange, gloss intensity is dark, uneven color based on orange, and difference is totally spent on blade face, Nicotiana tabacum L. background color with micro-red or
Micro-ash is main, and it main reason is that in baking process that changing yellow stage yellowing degree is high, and dehydration degree is relatively low, fixation stage, dry
Muscle phase wet bulb is high, the beneficially formation of brown reaction product, and material consumption is relatively big, shows as that sugar is low, alkali is high, big point of synthesis
Sub-material is more.
Ganzhou City of Jiangxi Province Nicotiana tabacum L. odor type in former years is not sufficiently stable, and some times show as Luzhou-flavor, and some times but show
For flat-flavor or delicate fragrance type, its main cause is Changes in weather, causes Nicotiana tabacum L. water content different, the year that period of maturation rainwater is many
Part, cured tobacco leaf shows as Luzhou-flavor, and the few time cured tobacco leaf of rainwater normally behaves as flat-flavor or delicate fragrance type, and it closes
Key reason is to use same baking method, and rainwater many time is big due to Nicotiana tabacum L. water content, and dehydration is relatively slow, cured tobacco leaf color
Deeply, gloss intensity is dark, and its Nicotiana tabacum L. external appearance characteristic, chemical composition meet strong-flavor tobacco leaf requirement, and the time that rainwater is few, Nicotiana tabacum L.
Water content is few, and dehydration is very fast, and cured tobacco leaf color is light, and based on lemon yellow or light orange, gloss intensity is good, its external appearance characteristic,
Chemical composition meets flat-flavor or delicate fragrance type Nicotiana tabacum L. requirement.How only to make Nicotiana tabacum L. dehydration according to dress smoke, weather, kind etc.
Amount or not enough, obtains basicly stable Luzhou-flavor characteristic tobacco and has become a technical barrier being badly in need of solving.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of can show strong-flavor tobacco leaf characteristic, ensure quality of tobacco baking method,
Which overcome tradition baking method and inaccurate, cured tobacco leaf style characteristic, Nicotiana tabacum L. matter are held in tobacco flue-curing dehydration and the requirement that turns yellow
The shortcoming that amount is unstable.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
One shows Luzhou-flavor characteristic tobacco baking method, and feature is: specifically comprise the following steps that
A, blade tip turn yellow: dry-bulb temperature 36-37 DEG C, and temperature rise period dry and wet synchronizes, and steady thermophase is dry, wet bulb difference controls 1 ± 0.5
DEG C, baking time 12-16 hour, blade tip flavescence 5-10 centimetre;
B, blade flavescence deliquescing: with the speed of 1 DEG C/2h, be warming up to 38 DEG C, the steady temperature of wet bulb temperature 36-37 DEG C, in the steady temperature time
About 25 hours, bottom, upper leaf about 30 hours, bake to two layers of Nicotiana tabacum L. and substantially turn yellow: master pulse is blue or green, offshoot part is blue or green, blade 1/
2 deliquescing, its Nicotiana tabacum L. water content 66 ± 1%;
C, turn yellow wilting: with the speed of 1 DEG C/2h, be warming up to 40-43 DEG C, the steady temperature of wet bulb temperature 36-37 DEG C, steady temperature time 15-
20 hours, two canopy offshoots turned yellow, and only master pulse is containing green grass or young crops, and master pulse 1/2 deliquescing, now Nicotiana tabacum L. water content is 55 ± 1%, low-temperature space blade
Turn yellow;
D, little reel: with the speed of 1 DEG C/1.5h, be warming up to 47-48 DEG C, the steady temperature of wet bulb temperature 38-39 DEG C, during stage surely temperature
Between about 20-25 hour, master pulse bleaches, and bakes to Nicotiana tabacum L. water content 35 ± 1%, the two little reels of canopy;
E, parent roll: with the speed of 1 DEG C/1h, be warming up to 52-54 DEG C, the steady temperature of wet bulb temperature 39-40 DEG C, the surely temperature time in stage
15-25 hour, bake to Nicotiana tabacum L. water content 18 ± 1%, full flue-cured tobacco parent roll;
F, master pulse are absolutely dry: with the speed of 1 DEG C/1h, are warming up to 65-68 DEG C, wet bulb temperature 41-42 DEG C, until full flue-cured tobacco master pulse
Absolutely dry, i.e. obtain showing the finished product Nicotiana tabacum L. of Luzhou-flavor characteristic, the finished product Nicotiana tabacum L. background color after baking is based on " micro-red ", and color is orange extremely
Deep orange, gloss intensity is medium, and blade face is totally spent medium.
Strong-flavor tobacco leaf external appearance characteristic: (tobacco leaf color implies Lycoperdon polymorphum Vitt to Nicotiana tabacum L. background color, and tobacco leaf surface is in addition to Essential colour with micro-ash
Implicit Lycoperdon polymorphum Vitt) and micro-red (tobacco leaf color is many containing dark red, and tobacco leaf surface is implicit red in addition to Essential colour) be main, Nicotiana tabacum L. glossiness is relatively
Secretly;Its intrinsic chemical composition: sugar is low, alkali is high;Its fragrance component mainly shows themselves in that carotenoid degradation product is more, brown
The features such as product is more, and aldehydes matter is less.The present invention according under different epidemic disaster environment, the fiber in Nicotiana tabacum L. body
The macromolecular compound degradation speed such as element, starch and protein, speed are different, and total sugar, reducing sugar, nicotine and aldehydes matter
Etc. chemical composition aggregate velocity, rule that speed is different, by adjusting each stage temperature, wet bulb temperature, ring in Tobacco Leaf Curing
Border wind speed, baking time and the control point of blower fan gear, compared with traditional method, the present invention takes each stage wet bulb temperature to heighten
0.5 DEG C, Nicotiana tabacum L. changing yellow stage requires that Nicotiana tabacum L. yellowing degree heightens about one one-tenth, and Nicotiana tabacum L. flavescence turns a fire phase requirement dehydration degree and turns down 2-
3%, so that cured tobacco leaf reaches the outward appearance background color of strong-flavor tobacco leaf based on micro-ash and micro-red, the feature that colourity is stronger, sugar
Chemical composition and carotenoid degradation product that low, alkali is high are more, brown reaction product is more, aldehydes matter is less
Requirement, be finally reached can show strong-flavor style characteristic tobacco, ensure quality of tobacco requirement.
After 2015, utilize the present invention's to show Luzhou-flavor characteristic tobacco baking method, according to dress smoke, weather, product
Kind etc., adjust warm and humid bulb temperature of each stage and gear opened by blower fan, make Nicotiana tabacum L. dehydration the most excessive or not enough, Luzhou-flavor characteristic tobacco
It is substantially achieved stable.
Compared with tradition baking method, the present invention has made bigger in wet and dry bulb temperature, baking time and blower fan unlatching etc.
Adjustment, overcome tradition baking method in Tobacco Leaf Curing wet bulb temperature hold too low or too high, dehydration and turn yellow want
Asking assurance inaccurate, yellowing degree is too fast or not enough, and cured tobacco leaf color is the lightest or partially deep, style characteristic, quality of tobacco are unstable
Etc. problem.
Utilizing baking tobacco leaves of the present invention, cured tobacco leaf color is relatively deep, and orange Nicotiana tabacum L. ratio increases, and its cured tobacco leaf outward appearance is special
Levy, chemical composition, aroma substance etc. meet strong-flavor tobacco leaf style characteristic, and Luzhou-flavor note highlights, and is conducive to showing Luzhou-flavor
Nicotiana tabacum L. characteristic.Within 2 years, being popularized in an all-round way by the whole city, Nicotiana tabacum L. averagely increases yield 6.7 kg/666.7 m2, the output value 191.8 yuan/
666.7 m2, average price improves 0.7 yuan/kg, and orange cigarette ratio increases by 3.8%, and micro-strip green grass or young crops cigarette ratio reduces 0.8%, variegated cigarette ratio
Reducing 0.7%, colourity strengthens, and remarkable in economical benefits improves.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
One shows Luzhou-flavor characteristic tobacco baking method, specifically comprises the following steps that
After A, dress are roasting, light a fire in time, with the speed of 2 DEG C/1h, be warming up to 30 DEG C, then the speed with 1 DEG C/1h, be warming up to 36-37
DEG C steady temperature, temperature rise period not dehumidifying, auto-controlling apparatus wet bulb temperature is consistent with dry-bulb temperature 36-37 DEG C, and steady thermophase is dry, wet bulb difference control
Making 1 ± 0.5 DEG C, steady temperature 8-10 hour, low grade opened by blower fan is main, blade tip flavescence 5-10 centimetre;
B, blade flavescence deliquescing: with the speed of 1 DEG C/2h, be warming up to 38 DEG C, the steady temperature of wet bulb temperature 36-37 DEG C, psychrometric difference 1-3
DEG C, inferior leads 2-3 DEG C, 1-2 DEG C of middle and upper part Nicotiana tabacum L., steady about 25 hours, time middle and lower part of temperature, upper leaf about 30 hours, bake to
Two layers of Nicotiana tabacum L. turn yellow (master pulse is blue or green, offshoot part is blue or green) substantially, and blade 1/2 deliquescing, its Nicotiana tabacum L. water content 66 ± 1%, rainy season, dry and wet was poor
2-3 DEG C, top grade opened by blower fan is main, and dry season, dry and wet differed from 1 DEG C, and low grade opened by blower fan is main, normal time dry and wet difference 1.5-2 DEG C,
Blower fan high and low shift is used alternatingly, and its key request Nicotiana tabacum L. dehydration is more lower slightly than tobacco flue-curing dehydration standard;
C, turn yellow wilting: with the speed of 1 DEG C/2h, be warming up to 40-43 DEG C, the steady temperature of wet bulb temperature 36-37 DEG C, steady temperature time 15-
20 hours, two canopy offshoots turned yellow (only master pulse is containing green grass or young crops), and master pulse 1/2 deliquescing, now Nicotiana tabacum L. water content is 55 ± 1%, low-temperature space blade
Turn yellow.Rainy season, dry-bulb temperature controlled 43 DEG C, and wet bulb controls 36 DEG C, and top grade opened by blower fan is main, and dry season, dry-bulb temperature controlled 40 DEG C,
Wet bulb controls 37 DEG C, and low grade opened by blower fan is main, and normal time dry-bulb temperature controls 41 DEG C, and wet bulb controls 36 DEG C, blower fan height
Shelves are used alternatingly, and its key request Nicotiana tabacum L. dehydration is more lower slightly than tobacco flue-curing dehydration standard;
D, little reel: with the speed of 1 DEG C/1.5h, be warming up to 47-48 DEG C, the steady temperature of wet bulb temperature 38-39 DEG C, during stage surely temperature
Between about 20-25 hour, master pulse bleaches, and bakes to Nicotiana tabacum L. water content 35 ± 1%, the two little reels of canopy, and blower fan is opened and replaced with high and low shift
It is main;
E, parent roll: with the speed of 1 DEG C/1h, be warming up to 52-54 DEG C, the steady temperature of wet bulb temperature 39-40 DEG C, the surely temperature time in stage
15-25 hour, baking to Nicotiana tabacum L. water content 20 ± 1%, full flue-cured tobacco parent roll, blower fan is opened based on high and low shift alternately;
F, master pulse are absolutely dry: with the speed of 1 DEG C/1h, are warming up to 65-68 DEG C, wet bulb temperature 41-42 DEG C, until full flue-cured tobacco master pulse
Absolutely dry, low grade opened by blower fan is main, i.e. obtains showing the finished product Nicotiana tabacum L. of strong-flavor style characteristic, roasting after finished product Nicotiana tabacum L. background color with
" micro-red " is main, and color is orange, and to deep orange, gloss intensity is medium, and blade face is totally spent medium.
1, according to application claims, utilize Ganzhou City's bulk curing barn " one bakes a scheme " tobacco flue-curing new technology, design
Ganzhou City's bulk curing barn " one bakes a scheme " strong-flavor tobacco leaf baking pattern, this baking pattern mainly utilizes applicant 2011
The patent of invention " a kind of method that flue-curing time of tobacco leaves in bulk curing barn accurately controls " of application designs.This baking pattern is at thing
On the basis of material drying model, setting up tobacco flue-curing drying model, the computing function using EXCEL electrical form powerful is compiled with simple
One baking pattern table of Cheng Gongneng innovation and creation.This baking pattern require every flue-cured tobacco toast before will according to fresh cigarette quality,
Production region conditions and the change of weather conditions, accurately input this flue-cured tobacco dress smoke, Nicotiana tabacum L. water content, the time that turns yellow, nitrogen nutrition,
After kind, weather, soil types, blower motor power air quantity etc. affect the correlated condition parameter of drying tobacco and flavescence, automatically
Generation includes that the index such as gear, baking time opened by tobacco flue-curing each stage warm and humid temperature, blower fan, and forming tobacco grower can simply hold
" fool " formula baking scheme, it is simple to instruct tobacco grower's precision tobacco toast (referring to table 1).
2 present invention are embodied as situation with tradition baking method cured tobacco leaf contrast:
A. the present invention compares with the tradition baking method cured tobacco leaf output value, presentation quality:
The present invention with tradition baking method contrast, Nicotiana tabacum L. averagely increase yield 6.7 kg/666.7 m2, the output value 267.4 yuan/
666.7 m2, average price improves 0.7 yuan/kg, and orange cigarette ratio increases by 3.8%, and micro-strip green grass or young crops cigarette ratio reduces 0.8%, variegated cigarette ratio
Reducing 0.7%, colourity strengthens, and remarkable in economical benefits improves (referring to table 2).
B. the present invention compares with tradition baking method cured tobacco leaf main chemical compositions
The present invention is compared with tradition baking method, and Nicotiana tabacum L. reducing sugar, total sugar content have certain rising, candy alkali ratio, nitrogen base ratio
Value is more coordinated, and chemical composition is coordinated to be better than tradition baking method (referring to table 3).
C. the present invention compares with tradition baking method cured tobacco leaf sensory evaluating smoking
The present invention and tradition baking method cured tobacco leaf judging parameter contrast, inherent quality of tobacco leaf gets a promotion, and shows: Nicotiana tabacum L.
Strong-flavor style characteristic is more prominent, and integrated sensory's mass is above tradition baking method, and inferior leads aroma quality is good, and perfume quantity is more
Foot, concentration is bigger;Middle leaf fragrance difference is little, but Nicotiana tabacum L. concentration, strength are preferable than traditional method, particularly miscellaneous QI, stimulation
Property is less, and pleasant impression is the most comfortable;Upper leaf aroma quality difference is little, and zest is relatively small, but compares fragrance than traditional method
Measuring more sufficient, concentration, strength are bigger, and miscellaneous QI is less, and integrated sensory's judging parameter is more preferably (referring to table 4).
。
Claims (1)
1. one kind shows Luzhou-flavor characteristic tobacco baking method, it is characterised in that: specifically comprise the following steps that
A, blade tip turn yellow: dry-bulb temperature 36-37 DEG C, and temperature rise period dry and wet synchronizes, and steady thermophase is dry, wet bulb difference controls 1 ± 0.5
DEG C, baking time 12-16 hour, blade tip flavescence 5-10 centimetre;
B, blade flavescence deliquescing: with the speed of 1 DEG C/2h, be warming up to 38 DEG C, the steady temperature of wet bulb temperature 36-37 DEG C, in the steady temperature time
About 25 hours, bottom, upper leaf about 30 hours, bake to two layers of Nicotiana tabacum L. and substantially turn yellow: master pulse is blue or green, offshoot part is blue or green, blade 1/
2 deliquescing, its Nicotiana tabacum L. water content 66 ± 1%;
C, turn yellow wilting: with the speed of 1 DEG C/2h, be warming up to 40-43 DEG C, the steady temperature of wet bulb temperature 36-37 DEG C, steady temperature time 15-
20 hours, two canopy offshoots turned yellow, and only master pulse is containing green grass or young crops, and master pulse 1/2 deliquescing, now Nicotiana tabacum L. water content is 55 ± 1%, low-temperature space blade
Turn yellow;
D, little reel: with the speed of 1 DEG C/1.5h, be warming up to 47-48 DEG C, the steady temperature of wet bulb temperature 38-39 DEG C, during stage surely temperature
Between about 20-25 hour, master pulse bleaches, and bakes to Nicotiana tabacum L. water content 35 ± 1%, the two little reels of canopy;
E, parent roll: with the speed of 1 DEG C/1h, be warming up to 52-54 DEG C, the steady temperature of wet bulb temperature 39-40 DEG C, the surely temperature time in stage
15-25 hour, bake to Nicotiana tabacum L. water content 18 ± 1%, full flue-cured tobacco parent roll;
F, master pulse are absolutely dry: with the speed of 1 DEG C/1h, are warming up to 65-68 DEG C, wet bulb temperature 41-42 DEG C, until full flue-cured tobacco master pulse
Absolutely dry, i.e. obtain showing the finished product Nicotiana tabacum L. of Luzhou-flavor characteristic, the finished product Nicotiana tabacum L. background color after baking is based on " micro-red ", and color is orange extremely
Deep orange, gloss intensity is medium, and blade face is totally spent medium.
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CN106954879A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-07-18 | 中国烟草中南农业试验站 | A kind of slow baking roasting method of steady temperature of No. 5 tobacco leaves of Hunan cigarette |
CN107890133A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-10 | 云南省烟草公司大理州公司 | A kind of dense drying method for improving after-fume leaf baking quality |
CN116172226A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-05-30 | 贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司 | Picking and baking method for characteristic tobacco leaves with positive sweet flavor |
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CN107890133A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-10 | 云南省烟草公司大理州公司 | A kind of dense drying method for improving after-fume leaf baking quality |
CN116172226A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-05-30 | 贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司 | Picking and baking method for characteristic tobacco leaves with positive sweet flavor |
CN116172226B (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2024-06-11 | 贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司 | Picking and baking method for characteristic tobacco leaves with positive sweet flavor |
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