CN102697159A - Three-section six-step tobacco baking method - Google Patents
Three-section six-step tobacco baking method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102697159A CN102697159A CN2012101509077A CN201210150907A CN102697159A CN 102697159 A CN102697159 A CN 102697159A CN 2012101509077 A CN2012101509077 A CN 2012101509077A CN 201210150907 A CN201210150907 A CN 201210150907A CN 102697159 A CN102697159 A CN 102697159A
- Authority
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- bulb temperature
- dry
- wet
- platform
- tobacco leaf
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 210000003462 Veins Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000003205 Muscles Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000036740 Metabolism Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 108020005203 Oxidases Proteins 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035786 metabolism Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000022558 protein metabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000037150 protein metabolism Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001953 sensory Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000391 smoking Effects 0.000 description 3
- YKVWPZJHENXDAJ-VOTSOKGWSA-N Megastigmatrienone Chemical compound 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CC1=CC(=O)CC(C)(C)C1\C=C\C=C YKVWPZJHENXDAJ-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentadecanoic acid Chemical compound 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- 229920002521 Macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PQDRXUSSKFWCFA-CFNZNRNTSA-N Solanone Chemical compound 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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-section six-step tobacco baking method. According to the method, a yellowing stage comprises the first step to the third step: first step: balancing the temperature and the humidity; second step: resolving the tobacco yellowing, and third step: resolving the branch vein yellowing; a color fixing stage comprises the fourth step to the fifth step: fourth step: resolving the main vein yellowing, and fifth step: increasing aroma substances; a stem drying stage comprises the sixth step of reducing the volatilization of aroma. The three-section six-step tobacco baking method disclosed by the invention obeys a moisture change rule, an oxidase activity change rule, a pigment change rule, a starch metabolism rule and a protein metabolism research result to couple four factors including the temperature, the humidity, the stable temperature time and the air speed of the tobacco; a baking key is provided with specific operation measures so as to be convenient for technical guidance and practical operation; the tobacco in the baking process is yellowed sufficiently, decomposed sufficiently and synthesized sufficiently so that the realization of the tobacco baking purpose is guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of three section six step formula tobacco flue-curing method.
Background technology
In recent years, along with promoting the use of bulk curing barn, on the baking link operation easier, it is comparatively obvious to fall the worker, has brought into play huge effect for promoting Chongqing tobacco leaf total quality.But in the baking practice, still there are some problems.Show that mainly blade contains green grass or young crops, the floating blue or green ratio of master pulse rises; Tobacco leaf dust, level and smooth phenomenon are more outstanding; The tobacco leaf structure is comparatively stiff; Tobacco leaf chemical composition is not very coordinated, and the not enough problem of perfume quantity does not obtain fine solution.
The modulated process of the characteristics decision tobacco leaf of baking process is that part is decomposed, part is synthetic.Though the tradition baking process is in all comparatively science, flexibilities of emphasical practical operation simultaneously of flavescence, fixation and drying muscle stage operating principle, technological design.After carrying out bulk curing barn; The temperature control hydrofuge is prone to control; But because tobacco grower's quality is uneven, bulk curing barn baking process and the difference of traditional barn baking process are difficult to grasp, cause the key link stoving time too short easily; Particularly too short at 41-43 ℃, 45-47 ℃, 52-54 ℃ stoving time, cause that the cured tobacco leaf maturity is poor, oil content is few, fragrance matter is poor, perfume quantity not enough.
Bulk curing barn blower fan does not in the past have speed change, causes tobacco leaf early stage dehydrating speed too fast, and the macromolecular substances of cell membrane is not degraded fully, and level and smooth, the stiff phenomenon of tobacco leaf is more outstanding, the blue or green cigarette large percentage that bakes.
The bulk curing barn smoke filling density is little, and the barn utilization ratio is low, not only influences baking quality of tobacco, and waste fuel has been wasted roasting ability again, has increased the baking cost.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is that the deficiency that is directed against prior art provides a kind of three section six step formula tobacco flue-curing method.
Technical scheme of the present invention is following:
A kind of three section six step formula tobacco flue-curing method; Changing yellow stage comprises three steps of the first step to the, the first step, on fire after; With average per hour 1 ℃ programming rate; Top platform dry-bulb temperature is raised to 35-36 ℃, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted at about 34 ℃, and it is yellow that the flavescence of platform tobacco leaf auricle, tobacco leaf flavescence degree reach 5-6 one-tenth up to the top; Second step with average per hour 0.5 ℃ programming rate, from 35-36 ℃, was raised to 38 ℃ with top platform dry-bulb temperature, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted at 36 ℃.Keep wet and dry bulb temperature, till the platform tobacco leaf pornographic movie blue veins of top, steady temperature 12-24 hour; In the 3rd step,, top platform dry-bulb temperature is raised to 41-43 ℃ by 38 ℃ with average per hour 0.5 ℃ programming rate; Wet-bulb temperature is adjusted at 36-37 ℃, keeps wet and dry bulb temperature, and platform tobacco leaf the whole body except that master pulse is yellow up to the top; Steady temperature 12-20 hour, relative humidity was controlled between the 58%-67%; Fixation stage comprised for the 4th step to the 5th step, and the 4th step is with average per hour 0.5 ℃ programming rate; Top platform dry-bulb temperature from 41-43 ℃, is raised to 45-47 ℃, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted at 37-38 ℃; Till the white muscle of top platform tobacco leaf pornographic movie, little reel, steady temperature 12-24 hour; The 5th step with average per hour 0.5 ℃ programming rate, from 45-47 ℃, was raised to 52-54 ℃ with top platform dry-bulb temperature, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted at 38-39 ℃, reduces steady temperature 12-20 hour up to full a heatable brick bed tobacco leaf parent roll, leaf front and leaf back aberration; Drying muscle stage comprised for the 6th step, with average per hour 0.5 ℃ programming rate, with top platform dry-bulb temperature from 52-54 ℃; Be raised to 60 ℃, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted at 40 ℃, reach this baking target after; With average per hour 1 ℃ programming rate,, be raised to 65-68 ℃ again from 60 ℃; Wet-bulb temperature is adjusted at 41-42 ℃, dries the back up to the master pulse of full a heatable brick bed tobacco leaf more than 95% and ceases fire.
Described method, the blower fan regulation and control: adopted the high wind speed running in preceding 3 hours behind tobacco leaf dress a heatable brick bed, per minute 1440 changes, and the wind speed that changes by per minute 960 afterwards turns round; Dry-bulb temperature is pressed per minute 960 before for 40 ℃ and is transported, and the wind speed that changes by per minute 1440 between dry-bulb temperature 40-50 ℃ turns round, and dry-bulb temperature is pressed per minute 960 afterwards for 50 ℃ and transported commentaries on classics, finishes until whole a heatable brick bed tobacco flue-curing.
The present invention follows change of soil water content rule, oxidases activity change rule, pigment Changing Pattern, starch metabolism rule and the protein metabolism achievement in research of tobacco leaf in baking; Temperature, humidity, steady temperature time, wind speed four factors to tobacco leaf are coupled; In the baking key point concrete operations measure is proposed; Be convenient to technological guidance and practice, make tobacco leaf fully flavescence in bake process, fully decomposition, fully synthetic, thereby guarantee the tobacco flue-curing realization of goal.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is elaborated.
2.3.1 three section six step formula baking process
Annotate: air-flow descending manner barn, it is main that tobacco leaf changes with top layer
2.3.2 three section six step formula baking operating technology
2.3.2.1 changing yellow stage
2.3.2.1.1 the first step, equilibrium temperature humidity
After on fire, with average per hour 1 ℃ programming rate, top platform dry-bulb temperature is raised to 35-36 ℃, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted at about 34 ℃, and it is yellow that the flavescence of platform tobacco leaf auricle, tobacco leaf flavescence degree reach 5-6 one-tenth up to the top.
2.3.2.1.2 in second step, solve the tobacco leaf flavescence
With average per hour 0.5 ℃ programming rate, top platform dry-bulb temperature from 35-36 ℃, is raised to 38 ℃, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted at 36 ℃.Keep wet and dry bulb temperature, till the platform tobacco leaf pornographic movie blue veins of top (8 one-tenth on tobacco leaf is yellow).General steady temperature 12-24 hour.
2.3.2.1.3 in the 3rd step, solve the offshoot flavescence
With average per hour 0.5 ℃ programming rate, top platform dry-bulb temperature is raised to 41-43 ℃ by 38 ℃, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted at 36-37 ℃, keeps wet and dry bulb temperature, up to the top platform tobacco leaf the whole body except that master pulse yellow (it is yellow that tobacco leaf 9-10 becomes).General steady temperature 12-20 hour, this stage technique key was that relative humidity is controlled between the 58%-67%.
2.3.2.2 fixation stage
2.3.2.2.1 in the 4th step, solve the master pulse flavescence
With average per hour 0.5 ℃ programming rate, top platform dry-bulb temperature from 41-43 ℃, is raised to 45-47 ℃, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted at 37-38 ℃.Till the white muscle of top platform tobacco leaf pornographic movie, little reel.General steady temperature 12-24 hour.
2.3.2.2.2 in the 5th step, increase flavor matter
With average per hour 0.5 ℃ programming rate, top platform dry-bulb temperature from 45-47 ℃, is raised to 52-54 ℃, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted at 38-39 ℃, reduces up to full a heatable brick bed tobacco leaf parent roll, leaf front and leaf back aberration.General steady temperature 12-20 hour.Want strict controlled humidity, repeatedly utilize outer power hydrofuge, heat up behind the first hydrofuge.
2.3.2.3 drying muscle stage
2.3.2.3.1 in the 6th step, reduce volatile aroma
With average per hour 0.5 ℃ programming rate, top platform dry-bulb temperature from 52-54 ℃, is raised to 60 ℃, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted at 40 ℃.After reaching this baking target, with average per hour 1 ℃ programming rate, from 60 ℃, be raised to 65-68 ℃ again, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted at 41-42 ℃, dries the back up to the master pulse of full a heatable brick bed tobacco leaf more than 95% and ceases fire.
2.3.2.4 blower fan regulation and control
Adopted high wind speed to turn round in preceding 3 hours behind tobacco leaf dress a heatable brick bed; Per minute 1440 changes; The wind speed that changes by per minute 960 afterwards turns round, and dry-bulb temperature is pressed per minute 960 transhipments before for 40 ℃ to be changeed, and the wind speed that changes by per minute 1440 between dry-bulb temperature 40-50 ℃ turns round; Dry-bulb temperature is pressed per minute 960 transhipments afterwards for 50 ℃ to be changeed, and finishes until whole a heatable brick bed tobacco flue-curing.
" three section six step formula " baking process effectively improves tobacco leaf per mu yield and per mu yield value after implementing, and goes up medium tobacco leaf ratio and improves 9.3 percentage points; The blue mixed cigarette ratio reduces by 8 percentage points; Per mu yield improves about 13 jin, and the per mu yield value improves about 200 yuan, and remarkable in economical benefits improves.
Tradition baking tobacco leaves sample maturity is ripe, and blade construction is loose, and identity is medium, and oil content has, in the colourity, and good springiness, presentation quality is general.Three section six step formula fired sample maturity is ripe, and blade construction is loose, and identity is medium, and oil content has, and in the colourity, presentation quality is better.
Its overall odor characteristic of sensory evaluating smoking of tradition baking tobacco leaves sample is main with delicate fragrance, and fragrance texture is not good enough, and perfume quantity is not enough, and assorted gas is light, and concentration is moderate, and strength is moderate, stimulates slightly, and pleasant impression has residual, and flammability is good.Its overall odor characteristic of sensory evaluating smoking of three section six step formula tobacco sample is main with the inclined to one side delicate fragrance in centre, and cigarette perfume (or spice) is elegant, fine and smooth, pure and mild, and perfume quantity is sufficient, slightly assorted gas, and concentration is moderate, and strength is moderate, slightly stimulates, and flammability is good, and grey is white.
Baking tobacco leaves sample branch is served in cigarette in the Hunan, the Anhui in cigarette, the Guangdong six tame industrial enterprises such as cigarette, red cloud Red River and Yunnan company of RISESUN and is smoked panel test and detect, and obtains PRELIMINARY RESULTS.Tradition baking tobacco leaves sample content of starch is higher to be 5.32%, and three section six step baking process content of starch has only 3.59%; Three section six goes on foot the important aroma substance component content of baking process sample than higher, like pentadecanoic acid 0.606 μ g/g, and solanone 11.5 μ g/g; Dorinone 4.416 μ g/g; Megastigmatrienone A1.503 μ g/g, Megastigmatrienone B4.58 μ g/g, there were significant differences for more traditional baking process.
Through the contrast of three section six step formula baking process and traditional baking process, the former the aspect such as bakes at tobacco leaf presentation quality, sensory evaluating smoking result, tobacco leaf chemical composition harmony, tobacco leaf and all is superior to the latter, and the industrial applicability of cured tobacco leaf obviously strengthens; Adopt in three section six step formula baking process " steady temperature hydrofuge increases the wilting phase; Decreasing temperature and increasing humidity prolongs fixation stage; The temperature control suitable humidity is guaranteed drying muscle stage " the baking theory, give off a strong fragrance, toast that maturity increases, the tobacco leaf shr strengthens after making tobacco leaf roasting.
Should be understood that, concerning those of ordinary skills, can improve or conversion, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of accompanying claims of the present invention according to above-mentioned explanation.
Claims (2)
1. one kind three sections six step formula tobacco flue-curing methods is characterized in that changing yellow stage comprises three steps of the first step to the; The first step; After on fire,, top platform dry-bulb temperature is raised to 35-36 ℃ with average per hour 1 ℃ programming rate; Wet-bulb temperature is adjusted at about 34 ℃, and it is yellow that the flavescence of platform tobacco leaf auricle, tobacco leaf flavescence degree reach 5-6 one-tenth up to the top; Second step with average per hour 0.5 ℃ programming rate, from 35-36 ℃, was raised to 38 ℃ with top platform dry-bulb temperature, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted at 36 ℃; Keep wet and dry bulb temperature, till the platform tobacco leaf pornographic movie blue veins of top, steady temperature 12-24 hour; In the 3rd step,, top platform dry-bulb temperature is raised to 41-43 ℃ by 38 ℃ with average per hour 0.5 ℃ programming rate; Wet-bulb temperature is adjusted at 36-37 ℃, keeps wet and dry bulb temperature, and platform tobacco leaf the whole body except that master pulse is yellow up to the top; Steady temperature 12-20 hour, relative humidity was controlled between the 58%-67%; Fixation stage comprised for the 4th step to the 5th step, and the 4th step is with average per hour 0.5 ℃ programming rate; Top platform dry-bulb temperature from 41-43 ℃, is raised to 45-47 ℃, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted at 37-38 ℃; Till the white muscle of top platform tobacco leaf pornographic movie, little reel, steady temperature 12-24 hour; The 5th step with average per hour 0.5 ℃ programming rate, from 45-47 ℃, was raised to 52-54 ℃ with top platform dry-bulb temperature, and wet-bulb temperature is adjusted at 38-39 ℃, reduces steady temperature 12-20 hour up to full a heatable brick bed tobacco leaf parent roll, leaf front and leaf back aberration; Drying muscle stage comprised for the 6th step, with average per hour 0.5 ℃ programming rate, with top platform dry-bulb temperature from 52-54 ℃; Be raised to 60 ℃, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted at 40 ℃, reach this baking target after; With average per hour 1 ℃ programming rate,, be raised to 65-68 ℃ again from 60 ℃; Wet-bulb temperature is adjusted at 41-42 ℃, dries the back up to the master pulse of full a heatable brick bed tobacco leaf more than 95% and ceases fire.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the blower fan regulation and control: adopted the high wind speed running in preceding 3 hours behind tobacco leaf dress a heatable brick bed, per minute 1440 changes, and the wind speed that changes by per minute 960 afterwards turns round; Dry-bulb temperature is pressed per minute 960 before for 40 ℃ and is transported, and the wind speed that changes by per minute 1440 between dry-bulb temperature 40-50 ℃ turns round, and dry-bulb temperature is pressed per minute 960 afterwards for 50 ℃ and transported commentaries on classics, finishes until whole a heatable brick bed tobacco flue-curing.
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