CN104273643B - A kind of modulator approach that can be effectively improved famous sun-cured tobaccos quality - Google Patents
A kind of modulator approach that can be effectively improved famous sun-cured tobaccos quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN104273643B CN104273643B CN201410528568.0A CN201410528568A CN104273643B CN 104273643 B CN104273643 B CN 104273643B CN 201410528568 A CN201410528568 A CN 201410528568A CN 104273643 B CN104273643 B CN 104273643B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B1/00—Preparation of tobacco on the plantation
- A24B1/02—Arrangements in barns for preparatory treatment of the tobacco, e.g. with devices for drying
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B1/00—Preparation of tobacco on the plantation
- A24B1/06—Stringing tobacco leaves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/20—Biochemical treatment
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/12—Steaming, curing, or flavouring tobacco
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- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of modulator approach that can be effectively improved famous sun-cured tobaccos quality, by tobacco leaf picking, the classification of fresh leaf, the wilting flavescence of dehydration of wearing that leaf is added, frame dries in the air, divide folding shine be dried fixation, shine the dry muscle of cured leaf with dividing, storage in open system is piled up alcoholization operation and is formed.Use a kind of modulator approach that can be effectively improved famous sun-cured tobaccos quality of the present invention, the inventive method starts technology controlling and process from tobacco leaf picking, hold Nicotiana tabacum L. pluck Maturity, the classification of fresh leaf and wear leaf density, take to take off the mode such as lid dry in the sun canopy both sides plastic sheeting, ground watering humidification, covered with sunshade net, regulation cigarette rope distance to control the humiture in dry in the sun canopy, avoid Nicotiana tabacum L. dehydrating speed too fast, the phenomenons such as wilting flavescence is insufficient, or humidity is excessive, and Nicotiana tabacum L. flavescence is excessive occur.Present invention process is easy, reliable and stable and be easily manipulated, and not only reduces sound tobacco production cost, and improves economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to modulation technique field of suncuring tabacco, be specifically related to a kind of modulation methods that can be effectively improved famous sun-cured tobaccos quality
Method.
Background technology
Along with smoking and healthy contradiction cause the attention of people day by day, development low tar blended type cigarette and Nicotiana tabacum L. " subtract
Evil fall Jiao " become trend of the times.Famous sun-cured tobaccos belong to a kind of endemicity light color Sun cured tobacco, and odor type is unique, like fire-cured tobacco type, and can be extensive
Being applied in all kinds of cigarette product formula such as fire-cured tobacco type, mixed type, cigar type, for improving, cigarette perfume (or spice) is rich, it is dense to increase fragrance
Degree and " lowering harm and decreasing coking " have positive effect.Modulation is the final link determining tobacco leaf usability, is in whole agricultures by suncured tabacco
The merit formed during skill and accumulate fully appears and brings into play, is to produce the vital technology ring of sound tobacco
Joint, Ye Shi China suncures tabacco one of weakest link under the level of production at present, has even become enhancing Nicotiana tabacum L. interior quality and outward appearance product
The restraining factors of matter.
The modulator approach that famous sun-cured tobaccos are traditional, as a example by the modulator approach of equal state famous sun-cured tobaccos: be Nicotiana tabacum L. is worn string after be placed on solarization
The system of drying in the air on frame about 3 days, when the wilting flavescence of Nicotiana tabacum L. 6～7 one-tenth, undercarriage is spread out in ground and tans by the sun.Often because of Nicotiana tabacum L. wilting flavescence on frame
Period Temperature and Humidity Control is improper, causes Nicotiana tabacum L. dehydrating speed too fast, and wilting flavescence is insufficient, and modulation rear blade amount containing green grass or young crops is big.Or
Person's humidity is excessive, and Nicotiana tabacum L. turns yellow excessively, and modulation rear blade color is deep, gloss dark, oil point is few.Nicotiana tabacum L. after wilting flavescence directly spreads out
Soil threshing ground is tanned by the sun, because of reasons such as surface humidity are big, improper ventilation, dehumidifying are the most smooth, cause that tobacco leaf color is deep, gloss dark,
Variegated many, quality is low.Traditional modulator approach be difficult to produce Cigarette Industrial Enterprise requires of light color, variegated less, oil point many,
The high-quality suncured tabacco that fragrance foot, gloss are distinct, develop a kind of simple to operate, meet cigarette industry demand, suncured tabacco that availability is good is adjusted
Method processed is the inevitable requirement improving and shining tobacco quality, is to solve the key technology that famous sun-cured tobaccos sustainable development is urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of modulator approach that can be effectively improved famous sun-cured tobaccos quality, process stabilizing can
Leaning on, operating process is easy, and the quality of tobacco modulated is good.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, technical scheme is as follows: one can be effectively improved famous sun-cured tobaccos quality
Modulator approach, be by tobacco leaf picking, the classification of fresh leaf, the wilting flavescence of dehydration of wearing that leaf is added, frame dries in the air, divide folding shine be dried fixation,
Shine the dry muscle of cured leaf with dividing, alcoholization operation composition is piled up in storage in open system, and it specifically comprises the following steps that
1) tobacco leaf picking: when 7～8 one-tenths yellow, middle leaves 8～carry out when 9 one-tenths Huangs, upper leafs 9～10 one-tenth Huangs occurs in inferior leads
Gathering, every strain gathers 3～4 every time, and every strain Nicotiana tabacum L. divides 5～6 times gathers, and plucks after terminating, and Nicotiana tabacum L. is collected dress basket and transports to the moon
Leaf is worn in cool ventilation；
2) fresh leaf classification: tobacco leaf picking is placed on frescade after returning, and carries out by position, size, maturation, leaf overdone, invalid
Classification, stacks respectively；
3) leaf is worn added: according to the principle with homogeneity of restricting, same quality Nicotiana tabacum L. being worn into a rope, when wearing leaf, blade face is to leaf
Face sandwiches in straw rope, and inferior leads is often detained and worn 3, and middle and upper part leaf is often detained and worn 2, after Nicotiana tabacum L. wire rope handling the same day hang on dry in the sun canopy in dry in the air
System, rope is away from 12～18cm, and homogeneity Nicotiana tabacum L. is suspended in a canopy, and overdone leaf, invalid leaf are concentrated in hanging over a canopy or hang over canopy
Both sides sunlight relatively strength, after Nicotiana tabacum L. hangs up properly, puts down dry in the sun canopy surrounding plastic sheeting, carries out sealing thermal insulation moisturizing, promote
The wilting flavescence of Nicotiana tabacum L.；
4) frame dries in the air the wilting flavescence of dehydration: frame dries in the air the 1st day, regulates epidemic disaster in canopy by taking off lid both sides canopy film, promotes cigarette
Leaf dehydration, wilting, turn yellow, daytime temperature of shed control 30～40 DEG C, relative humidity controls 65～70%, night temperature of shed
Controlling at 25～28 DEG C, relative humidity controls 65～75%.If meeting weather continuous drought, high temperature low humidity, ground watering in canopy
Humidification, makes relative humidity be maintained between 65～70%, reduces rope away to 10～15cm, and covered with sunshade net above dry in the sun canopy,
Weaken sunlight to irradiate, slow down dehydration, rate of drying, allow the abundant wilting flavescence of Nicotiana tabacum L., complete Nicotiana tabacum L. internal chemical composition due
Change；Frame dries in the air the 2nd day, by rope away from being adjusted to 20～25cm, during operation according to weather and leaf blade size depending on, air is dried, leaf
Sheet hour is restricted away from being adjusted to 20～22cm, and when there was dampness in the air, blade is big, rope is away from being adjusted to during 23～25cm, 11:00～15:00 in canopy
Temperature controls at 30～45 DEG C, and relative humidity controls 55～65%, by the plastic sheeting regulation canopy of switch dry in the sun canopy both sides
Epidemic disaster, temperature of shed below 30 DEG C, relative humidity below 55% time do not take off the aeration-cooling dehumidifying of film；When temperature of shed 38
～40 DEG C, humidity 58～60% time, dry in the sun canopy both sides thin film is rolled 1/2 be aerated lower the temperature dehumidifying；When temperature of shed is more than 45
DEG C, humidity more than 65% time, by the thin volume in dry in the sun canopy both sides to hanging above tobacco rod aeration-cooling dehumidifying at 5cm, 16:00 is to next day 11:
Dry in the sun canopy both sides plastic sheeting is put down 2/3 in order to Nicotiana tabacum L. insulation, moisturizing by 00, promote Nicotiana tabacum L. continue dehydration, wilting, turn yellow；Frame
Dry in the air the 3rd～5 day, cigarette rope is stretched, make Nicotiana tabacum L. light, ventilation dewetting consistent, during 8:00～18:00, throw off sunshade on canopy
Net, by ventilation dewetting at 5cm above dry in the sun canopy both sides plastic film rolls to extension tobacco rod, promotes drying tobacco fixation, this stage temperature
Degree controls at 35～45 DEG C, and relative humidity controls 55～65%, if noon, temperature of shed was more than 45 DEG C, should add a cover screening at ceiling
Screened postive is lowered the temperature, and 19:00 puts down plastic sheeting sealing thermal insulation to 8:00 next day, prevents Nicotiana tabacum L. from inhaling dew moisture regain and darkens, and frame dries in the air and withers
Wither the flavescence time and yellowing degree is respectively as follows: bottom cigarette: 2～3 days, yellowing degree 75～80%；Middle part cigarette: 3～4 days, turns yellow
Degree 80～85%；Upper smoke: 4～5 days, yellowing degree 85～90%, treat that each position Nicotiana tabacum L. reaches above-mentioned yellowing degree and hooks
When point crimping, master pulse start deliquescing, undercarriage is divided and is tanned by the sun on cigarette folding, makes desired color and interior quality be fixed up, mistake
Ripe leaf frame dries in the air after wilting flavescence 1 day and can divide folding and shine by undercarriage, and weather half is cloudy half fine and do not rain, and the Nicotiana tabacum L. frame time of drying in the air exceedes
4～5 days, should shine by undercarriage folding immediately；
5) divide folding and shine dry fixation: the Nicotiana tabacum L. reaching undercarriage folding solarization standard after the wilting flavescence of dehydration of being dried in the air by frame is divided at cigarette
Tanning by the sun on folding, cigarette folding (also known as cigarette basketry) is weaved into thin bamboo strips used for weaving, long 5m, wide 4m, and the cigarette folding long 10cm of grid, wide 5cm, a dry in the sun canopy is joined
Set cigarette rolls over 4 pieces, is folded flat by cigarette and is placed on smooth threshing ground, and the rotation of Nicotiana tabacum L. two sides was tedded by 11:00～17:00 every 1 hour,
Making Nicotiana tabacum L. in uniform light, Nicotiana tabacum L. is packed up and is successively piled up by 19:00, is deposited on threshing ground after sealing with plastic sheeting, and folding shines 2～3
After it, when required leaf color is substantially stationary, and 95% blade is dried, and cigarette muscle shines time the most dry with proceeding to；
6) alcoholization is piled up in storage in open system: alcoholization bed surface is high 30～40cm, bedside 220cm away from ground, and length is according to the length of cigarette rope
Depending on degree, heap heelpiece soil 20cm is thick, drives a trough wide for wide 10cm every 200cm distance, on pad soil successively place mat masonry,
Bamboo raft or plank, at bamboo raft or one layer of plank upper berth wheat straw or Caulis et Folium Oryzae, repave layer of plastic film, on plastic sheeting again
Spread one layer of dry, clean straw mat, before piling up alcoholization, Nicotiana tabacum L. is spread out in the threshing ground moisture absorption by rope, during upper heap, cigarette rope can not be given a discount, leaf
Inwards, petiole is outside, heap wide 1.5～2.0m for point, and heap high 1.0～1.5m, after heap is good, hides at Yan Dui top and surrounding straw screen or mat
Lid, then covers sealing with thin film, tightens cigarette heap thin film with straw rope, and during piling up alcoholization, moisture Control is 14～16%, piles up alcohol
Change 7～10 days produce fever phenomenon, should turning in time, transform upper strata cigarette into bottom, bottom transforms middle level into, and upper strata is transformed in middle level into.
After 10～15 days, carrying out second time turning, upper heap, turning all should not carry out overcast and rainy, and gently take, put down gently, gently press, in order to avoid
Nicotiana tabacum L. is damaged.
Improvement to technique scheme: described step 1) tobacco leaf picking, at 10:00 in the morning in the case of collecting time fine day
Before, afternoon gather after 4:00 and be advisable, to avoid sunlight to burn the most by force blade, can whole day gather under overcast sky, the rainy day and
Forbid gathering in 2 days after rain, the Nicotiana tabacum L. petiole alignment under adopting, it is placed on cigarette in the ranks after becoming handle.
Further improvement to technique scheme: it is added that described step 3) wears leaf, and Nicotiana tabacum L. wire rope handling rear overhang is hung on dry in the sun canopy
The same day of system of inside drying in the air is not counted in frame and dries in the air the time.
Further improvement to technique scheme: described step 5) is divided folding and shone dry fixation, is folded flat by cigarette and is placed on
Time on smooth threshing ground, if it is relatively big to become a fine day threshing ground humidity after rain, face can be folded down at cigarette and pad a bamboo pole or waddy every 1m distance,
So as ventilation dewetting.
Beneficial effect:
Using a kind of modulator approach that can be effectively improved famous sun-cured tobaccos quality of the present invention, the inventive method is from Nicotiana tabacum L.
Gather beginning technology controlling and process, hold Nicotiana tabacum L. and pluck Maturity, the classification of fresh leaf and wear leaf density, take to take off lid dry in the sun canopy both sides plastics
The modes such as thin film, ground watering humidification, covered with sunshade net, regulation cigarette rope distance control the humiture in dry in the sun canopy, it is to avoid cigarette
The phenomenons such as leaf dehydrating speed is too fast, and wilting flavescence is insufficient, or humidity is excessive, and Nicotiana tabacum L. flavescence is excessive occur.Before ground shines
Increase folding together and shine operation, reduce the Nicotiana tabacum L. face that directly contact face, ventilation dewetting the most freely cause in the case of water content is big
Color depth, gloss many phenomenons dark, variegated, make Nicotiana tabacum L. be dried rapidly fixation, reduce variegated and dark grade formation, improve excellent
The output capacity of matter cigarette.Use " imbricate " to shine method with dividing, turned over every 1 hour one time, make Nicotiana tabacum L. two sides tan by the sun degree uniform
Unanimously, blade face green grass or young crops loose colour takes off to the greatest extent, and shade is consistent.By steaming under upper solarization, promote cigarette muscle rapid draing, shorten modulation natural law,
Reduce the oil caused because modulation period is long and divide loss.Present invention process is easy, reliable and stable and be easily manipulated, and not only reduces excellent
Matter leaf tobacco production cost, and improve economic benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process chart of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with example, the present invention is further illustrated, but is any limitation as the present invention never in any form, base
In present invention teach that any conversion or improvement made, each fall within protection scope of the present invention.
The inventive method is taked to take off lid dry in the sun canopy both sides plastic sheeting, ground watering humidification, covered with sunshade net, regulation cigarette rope
The modes such as distance control the humiture in dry in the sun canopy, it is to avoid Nicotiana tabacum L. dehydrating speed is too fast, and wilting flavescence is insufficient, or humidity
Excessive, the phenomenons such as Nicotiana tabacum L. flavescence is excessive occur.Before ground shines, increase together folding shine operation, reduce Nicotiana tabacum L. in the big feelings of water content
The color that under condition, directly contact face, ventilation dewetting the most freely cause is deep, gloss is dark, variegated many phenomenons, makes Nicotiana tabacum L. be dried rapidly
Fixation, reduces variegated and dark grade formation, improves the output capacity of High Quality Tobacco." imbricate " is used to shine method with dividing,
Turning over every 1 hour one time, make Nicotiana tabacum L. two sides tan by the sun degree uniformity, blade face green grass or young crops loose colour takes off to the greatest extent, and shade is consistent.By upper
Shine lower steaming, promote cigarette muscle rapid draing, shorten modulation natural law, reduce the oil caused because modulation period is long and divide loss.Described operation
Including tobacco leaf picking, the classification of fresh leaf, the wilting flavescence of dehydration of wearing that leaf is added, frame dries in the air, divide folding and shine and be dried fixation, shine cured leaf with dividing
Alcoholization is piled up in dry muscle, storage in open system, it may be assumed that
Described tobacco leaf picking is when 7～8 one-tenths yellow, middle leaves 8～9 one-tenth Huangs, upper leafs 9～10 one-tenth Huang Shijin occurs in inferior leads
Row is gathered, and every strain gathers 3～4 every time, and every strain Nicotiana tabacum L. divides 5～6 times gathers.Generally before morning 10:00, afternoon
Gather after 4:00 and be advisable, it is to avoid sunlight is burnt the most by force blade.Cloudy day can whole day gather, and forbids gathering after rainy day and rain in 2 days.
Nicotiana tabacum L. petiole alignment under adopting, is placed on cigarette in the ranks after becoming handle.After harvesting terminates, Nicotiana tabacum L. is collected dress basket and transports near house
Leaf is worn under tree shade or in the canopy that dries in the air.
Described fresh leaf classification is that the Nicotiana tabacum L. after will gathering is put in the cool, by position, size, maturation, overdone, sick
Residual leaf is classified, and stacks respectively.
Described wear leaf added to be according to the principle with homogeneity of restricting, homogeneity Nicotiana tabacum L. is worn into a rope.When wearing leaf, blade face pair
Blade face sandwiches in straw rope, and inferior leads is often detained and worn 3, and middle and upper part leaf is often detained and worn 2.After Nicotiana tabacum L. wire rope handling, the same day hangs on steelframe plastics
The system of drying in the air in dry in the sun canopy (same day shelf life be not counted in frame dry in the air the time), rope is away from 12～18cm.Homogeneity Nicotiana tabacum L. is suspended in a canopy,
Overdone leaf, invalid leaf are concentrated in hanging over a canopy or hang over canopy both sides sunlight relatively strength.After Nicotiana tabacum L. hangs up properly, put down dry in the sun
Canopy surrounding plastic sheeting, carries out sealing thermal insulation moisturizing, promotes the wilting flavescence of Nicotiana tabacum L..
Described frame dries in the air and is dehydrated wilting flavescence is to take to take off Gai Peng both sides plastic sheeting, ground watering humidification, covered with sunshade
The modes such as net, regulation cigarette rope distance control the humiture in dry in the sun canopy, it is to avoid Nicotiana tabacum L. dehydrating speed is too fast, and wilting flavescence is not filled
Dividing, or humidity is excessive, the phenomenons such as Nicotiana tabacum L. flavescence is excessive occur.
Frame dries in the air the 1st day, regulates epidemic disaster in canopy by taking off lid both sides canopy film, promote Nicotiana tabacum L. dehydration, wilting, turn yellow.In vain
It temperature of shed controls 30～40 DEG C, and relative humidity controls 65～70%；Temperature of shed controlled at 25～28 DEG C, relatively night
Humid control is 65～75%.If meeting weather continuous drought, high temperature low humidity, ground watering humidification in canopy, reduce rope away to 10～
15cm, and covered with sunshade net above dry in the sun canopy, weaken sunlight and irradiate, slow down dehydration, rate of drying, allow the abundant wilting change of Nicotiana tabacum L.
Huang, completes the Nicotiana tabacum L. due change of internal chemical composition.
Frame dries in the air the 2nd day, by rope away from being adjusted to 20～25cm, during operation according to weather and leaf blade size depending on, air is dried,
Leaf is little the closeest, and there was dampness in the air, leaf is the dilutest.During 11:00～15:00, dry in the sun canopy both sides plastic sheeting is rolled ventilation dewetting,
Its switch size and time are depending on epidemic disaster in canopy.Temperature controls at 30～45 DEG C, and relative humidity controls 55～65%.
Dry in the sun canopy both sides plastic sheeting is put down 2/3 in order to Nicotiana tabacum L. insulation, moisturizing by 16:00 to 11:00 next day, promotes Nicotiana tabacum L. to continue de-
Water, wilting, flavescence.
Frame dries in the air the 3rd～5 day, is stretched by cigarette rope, makes Nicotiana tabacum L. light, ventilation dewetting consistent.Take off during 8:00～18:00
Remove sunshade net on canopy, at 5cm above dry in the sun canopy both sides plastic film rolls to extension tobacco rod, promote Nicotiana tabacum L. to be dried rapidly fixation.This
Phase temperature controls at 35～45 DEG C, and relative humidity controls 55～65%.If noon, temperature of shed was more than 45 DEG C, should be at ceiling
Add a cover sunshade net cooling.19:00 puts down plastic sheeting sealing thermal insulation to 8:00 next day, prevents Nicotiana tabacum L. from inhaling dew moisture regain and darkens.
Frame dries in the air the wilting flavescence time and yellowing degree is respectively as follows: bottom cigarette: 2～3 days, yellowing degree 75～80%；Middle part
Cigarette: 3～4 days, yellowing degree 80～85%；Upper smoke: 4～5 days, yellowing degree 85～90%.Treat that each position Nicotiana tabacum L. reaches
State yellowing degree and hook undercarriage when point crimping, master pulse start deliquescing and divide and tan by the sun on bamboo folding, making desired color and inherence
Quality is fixed up.Overdone leaf frame dries in the air after wilting flavescence 1 day and can divide folding and shine by undercarriage.Weather half the moon half is fine and does not rains, cigarette
The leaf frame time of drying in the air has exceeded 4～5 days, should shine by undercarriage folding immediately.
Described folding of dividing shines that to be dried fixation be that the Nicotiana tabacum L. after being dehydrated wilting flavescence that dried in the air by frame is divided and tanned by the sun on bamboo folding.Cigarette
Folding (also known as cigarette basketry) is weaved into thin bamboo strips used for weaving, long 5m, wide 4m, the bamboo folding long 10cm of grid, wide 5cm, and a supporting cigarette of dry in the sun canopy rolls over 4 pieces.
Bamboo is folded flat and is placed on smooth threshing ground, become a fine day after rain threshing ground humidity bigger time, can bamboo be folded down face every 1m distance pad one
Bamboo pole or waddy, in order to ventilation dewetting.11:00～17:00, tedded the rotation of Nicotiana tabacum L. two sides every 1 hour, made Nicotiana tabacum L. light equal
Even.Nicotiana tabacum L. is regained indoor or is deposited on threshing ground and seals with plastic sheeting by 19:00.After folding shines 2～3 days, when required leaf color base
This is fixing, and 95% blade is dried, and cigarette muscle shines time the most dry with proceeding to.This operation is directly shone after changing the undercarriage of prior art
The folding of present invention process shines pattern, is conducive to being fixed up rapidly required color and quality, reduces Nicotiana tabacum L. big in water content
In the case of color that directly contact face, ventilation dewetting the most freely cause is deep, gloss is dark, variegated many phenomenons, to improving Nicotiana tabacum L.
Quality significant.
Described folding solarization of dividing requires at 11:00-17:00, the rotation of Nicotiana tabacum L. two sides is tedded every 1 hour.This operation is
Can decision modulate the critical period of cigarette, must ensure that Nicotiana tabacum L. in uniform light is consistent, ventilation dewetting is good, it is to avoid because of light
Irregular generation piebaldism, green grass or young crops variegated, floating.If ventilation dewetting is bad, the leaf wetness causing ground proximity is too high, Nicotiana tabacum L. high temperature,
Under super-humid conditions, browning reaction will occur, tobacco leaf color will be changed into brown by yellow, and color and luster is dim.
The described dry muscle of cured leaf that shines with dividing is at 8:00 in the morning, and in " imbricate ", the Nicotiana tabacum L. shone through folding is spread out in threshing ground
On make cigarette muscle fully accept exposure in sunshine.By steaming under upper solarization, promoting cigarette muscle rapid draing and blade face green grass or young crops loose colour to take off to the greatest extent, color and luster is deep
Shallow unanimously.Turned over every 1 hour one time, make Nicotiana tabacum L. two sides tan by the sun degree uniformity.7:00 took advantage of blade and still had surplus heat receipts afternoon
Rise and successively pile up, be deposited on threshing ground after sealing with plastic sheeting, utilize waste heat regulation blade to turn yellow and tend to consistent.Second day white
It shines with taking out again, goes up heap evening again and seals, and the most alternately 5～7 times, reaches cigarette muscle and blade carries out storage in open system time absolutely dry
Pile up alcoholization." imbricate " is divided Nicotiana tabacum L. method and is added cigarette muscle light-receiving area, makes cigarette muscle rapid draing, shortens modulation natural law,
Reduce the tobacco leaf oil that causes because modulation period is long and divide loss, subtract work, fall basis, upgrading, synergistic effect obvious.
Described threshing ground, should select the southeast to yellow sand, yellowish-brown loam level ground as threshing ground, top layer has 2～3cm thick floating
Soil layer, in order to high temperature burning sun rains and absorbs heat and rear wet dissipation, threshing ground towering buildings to be avoided or trees extirpate weeds, and keep
Scene is clean, dry, smooth, top layer to be loosened surface dust after each rain.
Described storage in open system pile up alcoholization be Nicotiana tabacum L. is spread out in the threshing ground moisture absorption by rope after upper heap.During upper heap, can not be by cigarette
Rope gives a discount, and inwards, petiole is outside, heap width 2.0m, heap height 1.5m for blade tip.After heap is good, hide at Yan Dui top and surrounding straw screen or mat,
Then cover sealing with thin film, tighten cigarette heap thin film with straw rope.During piling up alcoholization, moisture Control is 14～16%.Pile up alcoholization 7
～10 days produce fever phenomenon, should turning in time, transform upper strata cigarette into bottom, bottom transforms middle level into, and upper strata is transformed in middle level into.After
10～15 days, carry out second time turning.Upper heap, turning all should not be carried out overcast and rainy, and gently take, put down gently, gently press, in order to avoid Nicotiana tabacum L.
Damaged.Storage in open system is piled up alcoholization operation and had both been solved the indoor problem that storage house is little, storage capacity is limited, again available dew
It place high temperature promotes the floating blue or green minimizing of Nicotiana tabacum L., color more uniformity, blue foreign smell and zest to greatly reduce, and fragrance matter increases
Add, inhale taste alcohol and.
Described alcoholization bed, bed surface is high 30～40cm, bedside 220cm away from ground, and length is depending on the length of cigarette rope.At the bottom of heap
Soil 20cm is thick for pad, drives a trough wide for wide 10cm every 200cm distance.Place mat masonry, bamboo raft (plank) successively on pad soil,
At one layer of bamboo raft upper berth wheat straw or Caulis et Folium Oryzae, repave thin film, thin film repaves one layer of dry, clean straw mat.
As a example by the famous sun-cured tobaccos that cigarette district, Xi Jiadian town, Danjiangkou, Hubei Province produces, illustrate that famous sun-cured tobaccos are modulated having a competition below
Testing, according to the mature condition of Nicotiana tabacum L., gathering in maturation limit, limit, utilizes the steelframe plastic film shed system of drying in the air, take to put down after wilting flavescence
Stand folding shine be dried fixation, with dividing shine the dry muscle of cured leaf, storage in open system pile up alcoholization modulator approach.Comparison of test results is as follows:
The inventive method and conventional modulation methods effectiveness comparison.
Table 1 shows that modulator approach of the present invention can be effectively improved each position, upper, middle and lower Nicotiana tabacum L. tobacco rate, reduces Nicotiana tabacum L. containing green grass or young crops
Amount and variegated rate, control tobacco leaf color the deepest.
After the inventive method is modulated with conventional modulation methods Nicotiana tabacum L., presentation quality compares.
Table 2 shows the tobacco leaf color true yellow, golden yellow, deep yellow after modulator approach of the present invention modulation, and gloss is vivid, and oil point is many,
Short texture, can effectively improve quality of tobacco.
After modulator approach of the present invention is modulated with conventional modulation methods, Nicotiana tabacum L. economic benefits comparison is analyzed.
Table 3 shows that the good smoke rate of modulator approach of the present invention, better-than-average cigarette rate significantly improve, the more conventional modulator approach of average price
Improve 0.96 yuan/kilogram, the more conventional modulator approach of per mu yield value improves 483.79 yuan.
Claims (5)
1. can be effectively improved a modulator approach for famous sun-cured tobaccos quality, be by tobacco leaf picking, the classification of fresh leaf, wear that leaf is added, frame
Dry in the air be dehydrated wilting flavescence, divide folding shine be dried fixation, with dividing shine the dry muscle of cured leaf, storage in open system pile up alcoholization operation composition,
It specifically comprises the following steps that
1) tobacco leaf picking: when 7～8 one-tenths yellow, middle leaves 8～gather when 9 one-tenths Huangs, upper leafs 9～10 one-tenth Huangs occurs in inferior leads,
Every strain gathers 3～4 every time, and every strain Nicotiana tabacum L. divides 5～6 times gathers；
2) fresh leaf classification: tobacco leaf picking is placed on frescade after returning, and classifies by position, size, maturation, leaf overdone, invalid,
Stack respectively；
3) leaf is worn added: according to the principle with homogeneity of restricting, same quality Nicotiana tabacum L. being worn into a rope, when wearing leaf, blade face is worn by blade face
Entering in straw rope, inferior leads is often detained and is worn 3, and middle and upper part leaf is often detained and worn 2, after Nicotiana tabacum L. wire rope handling the same day hang on dry in the sun canopy in the system of drying in the air,
Rope is away from 12～18cm, and homogeneity Nicotiana tabacum L. is suspended in a canopy, and overdone leaf, invalid leaf are concentrated and hung in another canopy, and Nicotiana tabacum L. hangs up properly
After, put down dry in the sun canopy surrounding plastic sheeting, carry out sealing thermal insulation moisturizing, promote the wilting flavescence of Nicotiana tabacum L.；
4) frame dries in the air the wilting flavescence of dehydration: frame dries in the air the 1st day, regulates epidemic disaster in canopy by taking off lid both sides canopy film, promotes Nicotiana tabacum L. to take off
Water, wilting, flavescence, daytime, temperature of shed controlled 30～40 DEG C, and relative humidity controls 65～70%, and night, temperature of shed controlled
At 25～28 DEG C, relative humidity controls 65～75%, if meeting weather continuous drought, high temperature low humidity, in canopy, ground watering increases
Wet, make relative humidity be maintained between 65～70%, reduce rope away to 10～15cm, and covered with sunshade net above dry in the sun canopy, subtract
Weak sunlight irradiates, and slows down dehydration, rate of drying, allows the abundant wilting flavescence of Nicotiana tabacum L., completes the Nicotiana tabacum L. due change of internal chemical composition
Change；Frame dries in the air the 2nd day, by rope away from being adjusted to 20～25cm, during operation according to weather and leaf blade size depending on, air is dried, blade
Hour rope is away from being adjusted to 20～22cm, and when there was dampness in the air, blade is big, rope is away from being adjusted to during 23～25cm, 11:00～15:00 in canopy temperature
Degree controls at 30～45 DEG C, and relative humidity controls 55～65%, warm in regulating canopy by switch dry in the sun canopy both sides plastic sheeting,
Humidity, temperature of shed below 30 DEG C, relative humidity below 55% time do not take off the aeration-cooling dehumidifying of film；When temperature of shed 38～
40 DEG C, humidity 58～60% time, dry in the sun canopy both sides thin film is rolled 1/2 be aerated lower the temperature dehumidifying；When temperature of shed is more than 45
DEG C, humidity more than 65% time, by dry in the sun canopy both sides film rolling to hanging above tobacco rod aeration-cooling dehumidifying at 5cm, 16:00 is to next day
11:00 dry in the sun canopy both sides plastic sheeting is put down 2/3 in order to Nicotiana tabacum L. insulation, moisturizing, promote Nicotiana tabacum L. continue dehydration, wilting, turn yellow；
Frame dries in the air the 3rd～5 day, is stretched by cigarette rope, makes Nicotiana tabacum L. light, ventilation dewetting consistent, throws off and hide on canopy during 8:00～18:00
Screened postive, by ventilation dewetting at 5cm above dry in the sun canopy both sides plastic film rolls to extension tobacco rod, promotes drying tobacco fixation, this stage
Temperature controls at 35～45 DEG C, and relative humidity controls 55～65%, if noon, temperature of shed was more than 45 DEG C, should add a cover at ceiling
Sunshade net is lowered the temperature, and 19:00 puts down plastic sheeting sealing thermal insulation to 8:00 next day, prevents Nicotiana tabacum L. from inhaling dew moisture regain and darkens, and frame dries in the air
Wilting flavescence time and yellowing degree are respectively as follows: bottom cigarette: 2～3 days, yellowing degree 75～80%；Middle part cigarette: 3～4 days, becomes
Yellow degree 80～85%；Upper smoke: 4～5 days, yellowing degree 85～90%, treat each position Nicotiana tabacum L. reach above-mentioned yellowing degree and
When hook point crimping, master pulse start deliquescing, undercarriage is divided and is tanned by the sun on cigarette folding, makes the color of Nicotiana tabacum L. and interior quality be fixed up, mistake
Ripe leaf frame dries in the air after wilting flavescence 1 day and can divide folding and shine by undercarriage, and weather half is cloudy half fine and do not rain, and Nicotiana tabacum L. frame dries in the air the time more than 4
～5 days, undercarriage divides folding solarization immediately；
5) divide folding and shine dry fixation: the Nicotiana tabacum L. reaching undercarriage folding solarization standard after the wilting flavescence of dehydration of being dried in the air by frame is divided on cigarette is rolled over
Tanning by the sun, cigarette folding thin bamboo strips used for weaving is weaved into, long 5m, wide 4m, the cigarette folding long 10cm of grid, wide 5cm, and a supporting cigarette of dry in the sun canopy rolls over 4 pieces, by cigarette
It is folded flat and is placed on smooth threshing ground, 11:00～17:00, every 1 hour, the rotation of Nicotiana tabacum L. two sides is tedded, make Nicotiana tabacum L. light equal
Even, Nicotiana tabacum L. is packed up and is successively piled up by 19:00, is deposited on threshing ground after sealing with plastic sheeting, after folding shines 2～3 days, when Nicotiana tabacum L. face
Color fixing, 95% blade is dried, and cigarette muscle proceeds to time the most dry shine with dividing；
6) alcoholization is piled up in storage in open system: alcoholization bed surface away from ground high 30～40cm, bedside 220cm, length according to cigarette rope length and
Fixed, heap heelpiece soil 20cm is thick, drives a trough wide for wide 10cm every 200cm distance, place mat masonry, bamboo raft successively on pad soil
Or plank, at bamboo raft or one layer of plank upper berth wheat straw or Caulis et Folium Oryzae, repaves layer of plastic film, plastic sheeting repaves one
Layer be dried, clean straw mat, pile up alcoholization before Nicotiana tabacum L. is spread out in the threshing ground moisture absorption by rope, during upper heap, cigarette rope can not be given a discount, blade tip to
In, petiole is outside, heap wide 1.5～2.0m, heap high 1.0～1.5m, after heap is good, hides, so at Yan Dui top and surrounding straw screen or mat
Covering with thin film afterwards and seal, tighten cigarette heap thin film with straw rope, during piling up alcoholization, moisture Control is 14～16%, pile up alcoholization 7～
10 days produce fever phenomenon, should turning in time, transform upper strata cigarette into bottom, bottom transforms middle level into, and upper strata is transformed in middle level into, after 10
～15 days, carrying out second time turning, upper heap, turning all should not carry out overcast and rainy, and gently take, put down gently, gently press, in order to avoid Nicotiana tabacum L. breaks
Damage.
A kind of modulator approach that can be effectively improved famous sun-cured tobaccos quality the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Step 1) tobacco leaf picking, in the case of collecting time fine day before morning 10:00, gather after 4:00 and be advisable, to avoid in the afternoon
Sunlight is burnt the most by force blade, whole day can gather, forbid gathering after rainy day and rain in 2 days under overcast sky, the Nicotiana tabacum L. leaf under adopting
Handle aligns, and is placed on cigarette in the ranks after becoming handle.
A kind of modulator approach that can be effectively improved famous sun-cured tobaccos quality the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that:
It is added that described step 3) wears leaf, and the same day of the Nicotiana tabacum L. wire rope handling rear overhang system of drying in the air in being hung on dry in the sun canopy is not counted in frame and dries in the air the time.
A kind of modulator approach that can be effectively improved famous sun-cured tobaccos quality the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that:
Described step 5) is divided folding and is shone and be dried fixation, is folded flat by cigarette when being placed on smooth threshing ground, if it is relatively big to become a fine day threshing ground humidity after rain,
Face can be folded down every a 1m distance piece bamboo pole of pad or waddy, in order to ventilation dewetting at cigarette.
A kind of modulator approach that can be effectively improved famous sun-cured tobaccos quality the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described
Step 5) is divided folding and is shone and be dried fixation, is folded flat by cigarette when being placed on smooth threshing ground, if it is relatively big to become a fine day threshing ground humidity after rain, and can be
Cigarette is folded down face every a 1m distance piece bamboo pole of pad or waddy, in order to ventilation dewetting.
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| CN104799425B (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2016-06-08 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | The pin rope of a kind of cigar tobacco leaf eggplant clothing is worn cigarette muscle and is tied up bar and dry in the air method processed |
| CN104839874B (en) * | 2015-05-09 | 2017-01-11 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Aging method of first baking tobacco |
| CN105029665B (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2017-01-18 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Preparing method of burley tobacco and flue-cured tobacco grafted tobacco |
| CN112741357A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-04 | 中国烟草总公司海南省公司 | Preparation method of cigar tobacco leaves |
| CN111567838A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-25 | 黄锐 | Dry tobacco airing production method |
| CN111567852A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-25 | 黄锐 | Fermentation production method of artemisia scoparia for processing tobacco |
| CN111657531B (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2022-09-13 | 云南省烟草公司文山州公司 | High-temperature yellowing, cooling and color fixing baking process for reducing ash hanging of tobacco leaves |
| CN112471573B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-04-15 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Method for improving tobacco leaf quality |
| CN113854618B (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2023-06-23 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Modulation method for improving quality of tobacco leaves of heating cigarette tobacco raw materials by utilizing manual control |
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| WO2003022081A1 (en) * | 2001-09-07 | 2003-03-20 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | A method for the reduction of tobacco specific nitrosamines by increasing antioxidants in tobacco |
| CN102894470B (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2015-10-21 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of processing method of Dark sun-cured and the cigarette containing this Dark sun-cured |
| CN103564636B (en) * | 2012-08-02 | 2017-02-08 | 郑州大学 | Curing method for air-cured tobacco, tobacco leaf product and purpose |
| CN203152466U (en) * | 2013-03-31 | 2013-08-28 | 湖北省烟草公司十堰市公司 | Airing shed of aromatic tobacco |
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