CN106149880B

CN106149880B - Adopt equipment room of new construction system

Info

Publication number: CN106149880B
Application number: CN201510133233.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 沈舞源; 沈宇轩; 万平华
Original assignee: 万平华; 沈宇轩; 沈舞源
Current assignee: Shenzhen Huayu Construction Technology Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2015-03-20
Filing date: 2015-03-20
Publication date: 2020-10-09
Anticipated expiration: 2035-03-20
Also published as: CN106149880A

Abstract

The invention adopts a new technology which can ensure that all components of a house can be produced in a factory and the house can be built completely through assembly, and the specific method is as follows: the heavy metal components are connected into a stressed frame, and the aerated concrete slab or the wood slab is arranged on the frame to complete the building construction. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the construction is completed in an assembly mode, so that the building construction can be completed quickly and excellently; the components for assembly are simple, and the existing factory can provide all the components; the material is environment-friendly and has long service life, and the house is durable; the structure of the component is simple, and the large-scale production is convenient; the installation is simple and convenient, and the technical requirements on constructors are low; the house has excellent performance, wind resistance, earthquake resistance, heat preservation, sound insulation and long service life; completing the house, namely finishing the work of all basic layers of the house finish decoration; the limited variety of components can meet the requirements of building different house types, and component processing manufacturers can conveniently provide the components with high efficiency and low cost; the building cost is low; the house has no assembly trace, and is easy to be accepted by the market; the material can be reused.

Description

Adopt equipment room of new construction system

Technical Field

The invention relates to a building method of a house type house, which comprises the following steps: the beam, column, vertical support and diagonal support which are made of steel or other metal materials are assembled with the aerated reinforced concrete slab or the wood slab on site, and the building above the foundation is built.

Technical Field

The technology of building houses by using assembly methods is adopted in the building of multi-storey houses and the building of low-storey houses, and the following different methods are adopted:

the current situation that a house is built by using an assembly method in a multi-story building is as follows:

the components used for assembling are reinforced concrete prefabricated components, during construction, the reinforced concrete prefabricated components produced in factories are spliced with the parts constructed on site, after the connection of the reinforcing steel bars is completed at the splicing positions, the on-site pouring of the splicing positions is carried out, and the prefabricated components processed in factories and the parts constructed on site are connected into a whole. However, this construction method has the following disadvantages:

1. since concrete prefabricated parts are limited by technical conditions in all aspects such as processing, transportation, hoisting and installation, the assembly method can be used only in part of the works of the building construction (currently, the assembly method is not more than 50%).

2. The components produced in factory are large prefabricated components, the manufacturing cost of the die is high, and particularly, the components are changed and new dies need to be manufactured when buildings are slightly different. This situation makes the cost of factory processed preforms high; and the transportation of large prefabricated parts is not easy: larger vehicles and special supports are required, and the use of these components for assembly adds additional transportation expense. Therefore, although this method increases the speed of on-site construction and improves the quality of construction, the construction cost of this method is higher than that of construction using the conventional method.

3. The production of large and various prefabricated reinforced concrete members determines that the investment scale of a concrete prefabricated member processing factory is large, and further limits the universality of the use of the prefabricated reinforced concrete members: in areas where there is no large volume of building construction, it is economically not cost effective to build a fabrication plant of prefabricated parts; transportation cost limitations in turn make it economically impractical to use this technology in areas remote from the process plant.

4. In addition, this method has the common disadvantages with the conventional reinforced concrete structure: once demolition is required, except for blasting, the original building materials become completely difficult to recycle building waste after the building is demolished.

Secondly, the current situation of building by using an assembly method in a low-rise building is as follows: :

the method of assembly is adopted in the construction of the low-level independent or low-level connected house: at present, a wall body bearing light steel keel structure system and a full-wood structure system are mainly adopted, but the two methods also have the following defects:

1. the deficiency of the wall body bearing light steel keel structure system:

(1) the thin-wall galvanized C-shaped steel is connected into components by the thin-wall galvanized C-shaped steel with different sizes, before the components are assembled, a large number of thin-wall galvanized C-shaped steel with different specifications needs to be cut and drilled according to the machining size in advance, then the machined C-shaped steel is assembled into the components in a factory, a large amount of labor hour is consumed for riveting during assembly, and the labor hour needed for building actually has no obvious advantage compared with the traditional process.

(2) And more importantly, the concept that the house built by concrete (or bricks) and heavy steel is a permanent building is formed by people for a long time. The acceptance of the house market for the structural system of light steel joists is difficult.

The low-rise building adopting the structural system of the wall-bearing light steel keel has no advantages compared with the traditional technology in terms of quality index, building cost and market acceptance of the building, so that the technology cannot enter the mainstream market of the low-rise building for years.

2. The existing all-wood structure system has the following defects:

the construction of all-wood structural system houses by using an assembly method is currently used, and compared with the traditional woodwork technology house building technology, the construction method only changes that the wooden components are processed from factories and off-site. The stress structure system and the maintenance architecture system of the house are not greatly changed. The wooden components forming the all-wood structural system not only have various varieties, but also have complex shapes of a considerable part of components, so that the components are not only complex to produce, but also have high requirements on installation technology. Although the construction of the all-wood structure system house by using the assembly method is higher in quality and speed than the construction of the all-wood structure system house processed on the whole site, the cost is not greatly reduced. The cost of building the house with the all-wood structure by the assembling method is not reduced compared with the cost of building the house with the traditional wood structure, so that although the condition that the cost of building the house with the all-wood structure by the assembling method is higher than that of the house built by other traditional materials is not changed, the acceptance of the house with the all-wood structure in the market at present is limited due to the price factor.

3. In addition, in low-rise buildings, the house is also built in a mode of assembling concrete members which are processed in advance in factories on site, and the disadvantages caused by the method in the low-rise building and the high-rise building are the same, so the method is not repeated.

Therefore, in the construction of low-rise houses, the conventional house building technology is basically used.

In summary, the existing assembly method for housing buildings cannot be adapted or cannot be completely adapted to the building mode of assembly line production and field assembly because the existing thinking of the traditional design cannot be broken through.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention relates to a new building system for housing construction, the components of which can be produced in a factory flow line, and the field construction of houses can be completed in an assembly mode. The method is that various precisely processed metal components are connected into a stress frame of the house by connecting pieces and high-strength bolts and fixed on a foundation, and then the stress frame is processed into a well-designed aerated reinforced concrete slab or a well-designed wood slab and installed on the frame to form the wall and the floor of the house, so that the construction of the house is completed.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the construction above the site foundation can be completed in an assembly mode by using components produced in a factory; the member for assembly is only a member of limited variety and specification processed by metal material and having simple shape, and a plate of limited variety and specification processed by aerated concrete or wood. The existing steel structure processing factory, air entraining plate manufacturing factory or wood factory can provide all required components by using the existing facilities; the components produced by factories are adopted for field installation, so that the building can be conveniently and rapidly completed with high quality; the main material of the house is a long-life material which is accepted by the market, and the product is easy to be accepted by the market; the member is produced in an industrialized mode, and large-scale production is facilitated; the site operation is simple, and the technical requirements on constructors are low; the house built has excellent performance: wind resistance, shock resistance, heat preservation, sound insulation, heat insulation and long service life; when the house is assembled, all basic works of house fine finishing are finished, and the house fine finishing is finished only by performing surface treatment on the wall and the floor; different house types can be built; the components are produced according to modulus, so that the component processing manufacturers can conveniently provide the components with high efficiency and low cost; the assembly requirements of different house types can be met by using limited kinds of components; the building cost of the method is lower than that of the current assembly technology and the traditional construction method; after the house is finished, no assembly mark exists, and the house is easy to accept in the market; upon removal, the material can be substantially entirely reused.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 shows the structural members required for the steel frames A-1, Am-1, A-2 and Am-2 used in the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a steel structural frame a-1 employed in the present invention.

FIG. 3 shows a steel structural frame Am-1 used in the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a detailed view of the structure of the steel structural frame a-1 adopted in the present invention at the connection.

Fig. 5 is a steel structural frame a-2 employed in the present invention.

FIG. 6 shows a steel structural frame Am-2 used in the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a detailed view of the structure of the steel structural frame a-2 adopted by the wooden invention at the connection position.

FIG. 8 shows the structural members required for the steel frames B-1, Bm-1, B-2 and Bm-2 used in the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a steel structural frame B-1 employed in the present invention.

FIG. 10 shows a steel-structured frame Bm-1 used in the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a detailed view of the structure of the steel structural frame B-1 used in the present invention at the joint.

Fig. 12 is a steel structural frame B-2 employed in the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a steel structural frame Bm-2 used in the present invention.

Fig. 14 is a detailed view of the structure of the steel structural frame B-2 used in the present invention at the junction.

Fig. 15 is a diagram of the components required for a steel structural frame C used in the present invention.

Fig. 16 is a steel structural frame C used in the present invention.

Fig. 17 is a detailed view of the structure of the steel structural frame C used in the present invention at the connection.

Fig. 18 illustrates a method of installing floors and walls on the frame of the present invention using aerated reinforced concrete panels.

Fig. 19 is an installation view of a wall body made of aerated reinforced concrete slabs at positions without columns, vertical braces and inclined braces.

Fig. 20 is an installation view of a wall body made of aerated reinforced concrete slabs at the positions of columns, vertical braces and inclined braces.

Fig. 21 is an external view of a wall made of an aerated reinforced concrete slab.

Fig. 22 illustrates a method of installing floors and walls on a frame using wooden boards.

Fig. 23 shows the method for installing water and electricity when the aerated reinforced concrete slab is used as a wall body.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

in the following, with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is described in detail how the building is implemented according to the invention:

the various components used in frames A-1, Am-1, A-2 and Am-2 of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 are described below:

the first, Lm, Ln and Lmn are all members used in the horizontal direction in the frame, and are collectively called as beams, and the beams are processed by H-shaped steel or other metal materials with the same section.

1. The shape of the beam end is only m and n: m is a group of holes with the same diameter on the web plate and the flange at the end part of the beam; n, except for a set of holes with the same diameter on the web and the flange at the end part of the beam, the upper flange and the lower flange at the end part of the beam are cut off.

2. For all the beams with different lengths, the cross sections of the beams are considered according to the strength index required when the maximum span is met, and the beams with the same cross section are adopted for different spans. This is done for two reasons: firstly, conditions are created for conveniently and quickly installing the wallboard in the next step; and secondly, standardized processing and material preparation are facilitated.

3. In the invention, the length of all beams is changed by taking 300 mm or 1 foot as a modulus, a group of holes are drilled on the upper flange of one part of the beams, the distance between the holes is 300 mm or 1 foot, and the holes have the following functions: when installing floor panels from aerated concrete panels or wood panels, bolts can be passed through the holes to secure the floor panels to the beams.

4. The form of the beam is divided into three types: both ends of the beam Lm are processed as m, both ends of the beam Ln are processed as n, one end of the beam Lmn is processed as m, and one end is processed as n.

5. The middle of the web of the beam is drilled with holes with a module spacing of 300 mm or 1 foot, the function of which will be described in detail later.

6. When the middle part of the beam needs to be connected with other beams, only a group of corresponding holes (a group of holes P in the figure) need to be drilled on the flange and the web plate of the middle part, and the n ends of the other beams can be connected at the position by using high-strength bolts and two connecting pieces J-1.

Secondly, Za, Zam, Cs and Af are members for non-horizontal direction in the frame, which are also machined with H-section steel:

1. the structures of Za and Zam are as follows: the plate with holes is welded at the two ends of the H steel, a plurality of groups of holes are arranged on the flange of the H steel, Zam has more rows of holes than the flange of Za, and the specific functions of the holes are detailed later; za, Zam have two functions in the framework: one is to have the function of a column, which when it assumes the function of a column, is called column Za or column Zam; the other is a shear frame formed by the shear frame and other components, and when the shear frame takes on the function of one side of the shear frame, the shear frame is called as a vertical support Za or a vertical support Zam;

2. the structure of the diagonal brace Cs is also formed by welding a plate with a drilled hole at the end part of the H steel, and is different from Za and Zam in that: the plates at the end parts of Za and Zam are welded on the end surface of the H steel at 90 degrees, and the plate at the end part of Cs is welded on the end surface of the H steel at the angle different from 90 degrees; another difference is that: the Cs pores are in the web thereof.

3. The processing of the stilts Af is similar to that of Za: the plate with the drilled hole may be welded to the end of the H-steel shorter than the column.

Thirdly, door and window frame members: d-1, D-2, Dm-1 and Dm-2 form a door and window frame component, and the components are all processed by channel steel.

1. The structural characteristics of D-1, D-2, Dm-1 and Dm-2 are plates with drilled holes welded on the end faces of the channel steel, and the bottom plate of the channel steel is also provided with holes corresponding to the holes of the end plates of the D-2 and Dm-2 besides the holes on the side faces of the channel steel for the D-1 and Dm-1. The sides of Dm-1 are drilled with more holes than D-1, which are needed for the installation of the wood siding (see FIG. 18 for details). D-2 differs from Dm-2 in that: the length of D-1 is determined according to the width of the door, and the length of D-2 is determined according to the width of the window. In addition, holes are drilled in the sides of D-2, which are needed for installing concrete wall panels (see FIG. 20 for details).

2. The rod members can be connected by bolts to form a portal (2 pieces of D-1, one piece of D-2, or 2 pieces of Dm-1 and one piece of D-2) or a window frame (2 pieces of Dm-1 and 2 pieces of Dm-2) for a wooden house.

Fourthly, the connecting pieces of the frame are J-1 and J-2:

the shape of the connecting piece J-1 is that a section of groove with holes on each surface is bent to 90 degrees; the connecting piece J-2 is in a shape that one end of a section of groove with holes on each surface is closed, and holes are also arranged on the closed surface.

The frame a-1 shown in fig. 2 has the following features:

the first characteristic is as follows: the columns Za are installed sectionally between the beams of the upper and lower floors, and unlike the conventional structure, the beams are installed between the columns. Such a structure has the following advantages:

1, need not be with the roof beam segmentation, also can ensure the joint quality of junction, beam column's interconnect is reliable:

because the columns are fixed on the column foundation of the field construction by the foundation bolts, the distance between the adjacent columns can be controlled within a certain error range during the actual construction, and even the length of the beam processed in a factory can be controlled within a certain precision range. In the traditional method, a beam is connected to the side surfaces of columns at two ends of the beam, but after the columns are fixed on a column base, the position of the columns is fixed, so that the end surfaces at two sides of the beam can not be ensured to be clung to the side surfaces of the columns with the fixed positions at the two sides. However, only when the end face of the beam can be tightly attached to the cylindrical surface and tightened by bolts, the connection can be regarded as a rigid joint which can meet the structural stress requirement and can bear bending moment. In order to meet the requirement of "rigid joint", the general method is to divide the beam into sections, fix the sectioned beam with the two side columns, and then connect the sectioned beam into a whole (as in the beam connection method shown in fig. 9). As the diameters of the holes of the ends of the beams at the joints and the connecting pieces used for the joints are slightly larger than the diameters of the connecting bolts penetrating through the holes, the high-strength bolts cannot penetrate through the holes to connect the segmented beams into a whole as long as the processing error of the beams and the construction error of the distance between the columns are controlled within a specified range. In the invention, as the hole diameter of the beam flange, the column end surface and the connecting piece is slightly larger than the diameter of the high-strength bolt passing through the hole, as long as the processing error and the construction error of the distance between the columns are controlled within a specified range, the rigid connection point formed at the connection position after the high-strength bolt passes through the hole of the component and is screwed down is not influenced.

2. The stress state of the stand column is more reasonable: in the conventional structure, the load is transmitted to the column through the surface of the beam connected with the column, and the column is in an eccentric compression state (at least the side column is in the state), but in the structure of the invention, the upper load is compressed on the top of the column through the beam, the pressure applied to the column passes through the axis of the column, and the compression state is in the optimal compression state of the axis.

3. The installation is convenient: because of the limited story height, the length of the post is also limited, so it is not difficult to erect the post. Particularly, when a heavier beam is installed, the beam can be flatly placed on the column top plate and can be conveniently connected with the column without other supports, and the installation is more convenient than that of the traditional structure.

The second characteristic is that:

and the door frame is directly fixed on the beam column frame. Therefore, the hinge of the stressed part of the door can be fixed on a doorframe made of channel steel, and is not the same as the hinge of the stressed part of the door made of the traditional method: the hinge is fixed on the wall, so the fixing is more firm, and the door pocket are very simple and convenient to install.

FIG. 3 is a steel structural frame A-2 of the house of the present invention, the frame A-2 being used in areas with strong earthquakes and hurricanes, which differs from the frame A-1 only by: the vertical members, in addition to the columns, are additionally provided with vertical braces and inclined braces which are positioned on different vertical surfaces and form frames positioned on different vertical surfaces together with the columns and the upper and lower beams. The structure enables the mechanical property of the frame to be better in the following two aspects:

1. compared with a single column, the frame which is formed by the column, the vertical support and the inclined support at the corner and is arranged on different vertical planes, not only the original function of the column for bearing the load in the vertical direction is kept; the formed frame can also effectively bear and resist huge horizontal load generated when an earthquake occurs, and the function of a shear wall is replaced. At the same time, the frame itself constitutes a "rigid skeleton" that does not deform. The method lays a very favorable foundation for quickly and simply installing the aerated reinforced concrete slab or the wood plate on the frame in the next step: the installation is very easy as long as the machined dimensions of the plate are accurate. The aerated reinforced concrete slab or the wood slab is required to be processed accurately, and the processing is very easy for the plate manufacturers.

2. Because the columns, the vertical braces, the inclined braces and the beams form a group of vertical frames instead of connecting one single column with one beam, the structure of 'strong columns and weak beams' required by strong earthquake resistance of the house is formed at the joint, and the earthquake resistance of the house is further enhanced. In the traditional design, in order to meet the structural requirement of a frame 'strong column', the section size of the column often has to be increased, and as a result, the column width is larger than the beam width, so that the column surface protrudes out of the wall surface, the integrity of the wall surface is damaged, and the decoration difficulty is caused. The column of the present invention is composed of a group of columns, and the width of the column is not larger than that of the wall, so the present invention has no such disadvantage.

In the connection point structure diagram of the frame a-1 shown in fig. 4: the upper diagram shows the various components not connected: column Za, beam Lm, Ln and connecting pieces J-1, J-2; the middle diagram shows that the beams Lm and Ln are connected by bolts and J-1 and J-2; the lower diagram shows that the components of the node have been integrally connected. After the high-strength bolt is used for fixing the flange and the web of the beam, the top plate of the column end head and the connecting piece, the connecting point forms a rigid joint capable of bearing pressure and bending moment.

In the respective node structure diagrams of the framework a-2 shown in fig. 5: the connection phases of the node are also shown by the upper, middle and lower diagrams, in which it can be seen that: after the high-strength bolts are used for fixing the beams Lm and Ln, the column Za, the vertical support Za, the inclined support Cs, the connecting pieces J-1 and J-2 by the high-strength bolts, a rigid joint capable of bearing pressure and bending moment is formed at the connecting point, and meanwhile, the vertical support and the inclined support connected between the upper beam and the lower beam form a stress frame which resists lateral force on different sides of the column together with the column.

Fig. 6 is a steel structural frame Am-1 of the house of the present invention, which is a stressed frame of a wood house. The structure of the frame is basically the same as that of A-1 shown in FIG. 2, and the differences are as follows:

1. a window frame consisting of Dm-1 and Dm-2 is added.

2. The Za and D-1 in A-1 are replaced by Zam, Dm-1 with flanges and rows of holes in the sides that serve to secure the wood siding panels, as will be described in FIG. 22.

The frame Am-2 of the present invention shown in fig. 7 is used for a wooden house, and has basically the same structure as the frame a-2 except for the following points:

1. a window frame consisting of Dm-1 and Dm-2 is added.

2. Za in A-2, and D-1, are replaced by Zam, Dm-1 with flanges and rows of holes in the sides that serve to secure the wood siding panels, as will be described in FIG. 22.

Fig. 8 shows various members used to constitute the frame B of the present invention, which are respectively explained as follows:

1. component beam for horizontal direction:

the beam connected with the flange of the column consists of 2 BLpm (or 2 BLpm and one Lm, any one of the two can be used);

the beam connected with the web plate of the column is composed of 2 BLqm (or BLqm and one Lm, any one of the BLqm and the Lm can be used);

the shape of two ends of the middle section beam Lm which is not connected with the column is m; the shape of the beam connected with the column is that one end is the same as the end head m, and the other end is divided into p q types: p q are all welded with plates with holes on the end face of H steel, the form of p q only differs from the following: a section of the q end is cut away to a certain extent to ensure that the end of the beam can be inserted between the flanges of the column (see fig. 11).

Other characteristics of the beam are the same as those of the beam in the frame A.

2. The non-horizontal direction member has the following members: segmented columns Zb-1, Zb-2, Zb-3 or non-segmented columns Zb (either segmented or non-segmented need only be used), segmented columns Zbm-1, Zbm-2, Zbm-3 or non-segmented column Zbm (either segmented or non-segmented need only be used), struts Za, struts Cs.

The columns Zb-1, Zb-2, Zb-3 are identical to one another except for their lengths: the end face of the H-shaped steel is welded with a hole, and the web plate and the flange at the connecting part of the H-shaped steel and the beam are provided with holes corresponding to the holes of the beam end plate. In addition, below each group of holes, supporting plates are arranged on the web plate and the flange, the supporting plates are favorable for mounting the beam (the beam can be placed on the supporting plates firstly and then passes through the connecting bolts), and the supporting plates and the high-strength connecting bolts can share the vertical load transmitted to the column by the beam.

The three columns Zb-1, Zb-2 and Zb-3 can also be replaced by a non-segmented column Zb, and similarly, the structure of the column Zb is that a plate capable of passing through the hole of the bolt is welded on the end face of the H-shaped steel, and the web plate and the flange at the part where the column is connected with the beam are provided with holes corresponding to the holes of the beam end plate. In addition, support plates are provided on the web and flanges below each set of holes.

Columns Zbm-1, Zbm-2, Zbm-3 and unsegmented column Zbm are members of a frame for a wooden house. They differ from columns Zb-1, Zb-2, Zb-3 and non-segmented columns Zb only in that the flanges have multiple sets of holes.

The vertical struts Za, Zam, diagonal struts Cs, D-1, Dm-1Dm-2 are identical to those used for the A frame in FIG. 1.

3. Connecting piece:

the connecting piece J-3 of the beam is a section of groove, each surface of the groove is provided with 1 group of holes, and the holes correspond to the holes of the beam at the corresponding positions.

FIG. 9 is frame B-1 of the present invention. Comparing frame B-1 with frame A-1 represented in FIG. 2, it can be seen that: since the use is made of a beam which is segmented, the structure of the beam-column itself is modified as already described in fig. 8: the beam is segmented and the specific method of beam-to-column connection is shown in figure 11. The column Zb in the frame B-1 can also be replaced by connecting Zb-1, Zb-2 and Zb-3 into a branch.

The frame Bm-1 of fig. 10 is for a wooden house, and has a structure completely the same as the frame B-1 of fig. 9 except that the columns Zb, the vertical braces Az, and the sash members D-1 are replaced with Zbm having holes in the flanges or side panels, the vertical braces Zam, and the sash members Dm-1, and a sash consisting of sash members Dm-1 and Dm-2 is added.

FIG. 11 is a detailed view of the structure of the junction of frame B-1: since the flanges at the ends of Lqm have been trimmed, the ends of Lqm can be inserted between the flanges of the Zb and against the web of the Zb. The end surfaces of the beam Lpm and the beam Lqm can be conveniently and tightly connected with the web plate and the flange of the Bz by using high-strength bolts without connecting pieces to form a rigid joint; and the lower flanges of beam Lpm and beam Lqm are placed on the brace welded to column Zb to facilitate the transfer of vertical loads from the beams to column Zb. The beams can be conveniently connected by using high-strength bolts and two connecting pieces J-3.

The structure of the joint of the frame Bm-1 is identical to that of the frame B-1, and therefore, a separate explanation is omitted.

Comparing frame B-2 in fig. 12 with frame a-2 represented in fig. 3, it can be seen that: the structure of the beam-column itself is changed as already described in fig. 8 because the beam is segmented, and the specific method of beam-column connection is shown in fig. 14. The column Zb in the frame B-2 can also be replaced by connecting Zb-1, Zb-2 and Zb-3 into a branch.

The frame Bm-2 of fig. 13 is for a wooden house, and has a structure completely the same as the frame B-2 of fig. 12 except that the columns Zb, the vertical braces Az, and the sash members D-1 are replaced with Zbm having holes in the flanges or side panels, the vertical braces Azm, and the sash members Dm-1, and the sash frame consisting of the sash members Dm-1 and Dm-2 is added.

The structure of the various beam-column junctions of frame B-2 shown in FIG. 14 can be seen: after the high-strength bolts fix the beams Lpm and Lqn, the column Zb, the vertical brace Za, the diagonal brace Cs and the high-strength bolts S, the connecting point forms a rigid node capable of bearing pressure and bending moment, and meanwhile, the vertical brace Za and the diagonal brace Cs connected between the upper beam Lpm and the lower beam Lpm and the beam Lqn and the column Zb form stress frames capable of resisting lateral force on different sides of the column.

The respective node structures of the frame Bm-2 are the same as those of the frame B-2, and thus, they will not be described separately.

Figure 15 shows a frame element for use in multi-storey and high-storey applications, where the beams Lm, the uprights Za, the braces Cs and the connectors J-3 have been described above, except for the columns, which have the following characteristics:

1) the column is made by layer height subsection, the section is a closed rectangle, and the inside can be filled with high-strength reinforced concrete.

2) The side surface of the column is welded with a beam end Ld which can be connected with the beam, and the unwelded end of the Ld is m in shape.

3) The upper end face and the lower end face of each section of column are respectively welded with a connecting disc with a hole, wherein the middle part of the connecting disc below is not provided with a rectangular square hole, so that the lower end face of the hollow column is closed, and concrete can be conveniently poured in the column. The connecting discs on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the adjacent columns can be connected by using high-strength bolts, so that the segmented columns are connected into a whole column.

4) The columns Zc-a2, Zc-a3, Zc-a4 are used for the bottom layer and can be connected with 2, 3 and 4 corbels respectively; zc-b2, Zc-b3, Zc-b4 are used in the middle layer and can be connected with 2, 3, 4 corbels respectively, Zc-c2, Zc-c3, Zc-c4 are used in the top layer and can be connected with 2, 3, 4 corbels respectively. The Z-pillar may be segmented in layers (as shown), or in two or 3 layers, depending on the manufacturing equipment and installation equipment.

FIG. 16 is a detailed view of the joint between the column and the beam in the frame C, wherein the upper part is shown before the connection and the lower part is shown after the connection,

fig. 17 shows a frame C assembled by using the members of fig. 15, which is used for a multi-story building. It can be seen that the assembly of the frame on site is very convenient with a limited variety of components: the beam Lm between the columns can be connected with the beam end welded on the column by using a connecting piece J-3 and a high-strength bolt S, and the vertical brace Az and the inclined brace Cs are also connected between the upper flange and the lower flange of the beam by using the high-strength bolt.

Fig. 18 is an illustration of a building constructed with the steel structural frame and the aerated reinforced concrete slab of the present invention, wherein the frame used is a-2 and the other types of steel structural frames are identical to the aerated reinforced concrete slab.

When the aerated concrete slab Bf is used as a floor slab for installation, the slab is placed on a beam, and then bolts are used for penetrating through holes of the slab and the beam flange which are installed in place to fix the slab on the beam. The width of floor board also processes according to 300 millimeters or 1 foot's modulus, and two sides of board have the tongue and groove respectively, and the interpolation during installation because the error of the steel construction frame of equipment and aerated reinforced concrete slab's error homoenergetic are controlled in the millimeter within range, consequently, the floor installation back that finishes, its lower surface is smooth plane, and the surface has reached the final fitment of floor and has handled the requirement to the basic unit: the floor tiles or the wood floor can be directly paved on the surface of the floor, and then the decoration of the ground can be completed; the surface can be sprayed by simple pointing treatment to finish the decoration of the top surface.

When the aerated concrete slab is used as a wall body, the aerated concrete slab is arranged between a floor support plate and a lower flange of a beam above the floor support plate, and because vertical supports, inclined supports and columns are arranged at some parts along the beam direction, different slabs are required to be used at different parts.

Wa is a thick plate, wherein the plate above the window opening is Wa-1, the plate below the window opening is Wa-2, and the thickness of the plate exceeds the width of the beam flange; after the wallboard Wa is installed in place, the wallboard Wa needs to be fixed by an upper fixing piece G-1 and a lower fixing piece G-2;

wb is a thin plate, and the total thickness of the two thin plates Wb is the thickness of the thick plate Wa minus the width of the beam flange. Wn is a plate between two thin plates Wb, the thickness of Wn is equal to the width of a beam flange, and Wn is used at the position with a vertical bracing inclined strut and a column.

The specific method of installation of each part of the wall panel is shown in detail in figures 19-21.

(in the figure, the roof truss connecting disc is used for connecting the roof truss beam, the connecting disc is fixed on the upper flange of the beam by bolts, the construction of the roof truss is the same as the traditional method, so the description is not given)

Fig. 19 shows the construction and installation of an aerated reinforced concrete panel wall in the pillarless upright and diagonal bracing position:

the wall body is installed at the positions of the pillarless vertical braces and the inclined braces by using the thick wall boards Wa, and the installation method comprises the following steps: before installation, two wallboard positioning beams Lg are temporarily fixed on two sides Za by bolts, and the function of the positioning beams is to ensure that the installed plates are on the same vertical face. The bolt penetrates through the adjusting sleeve T between the side face of the Lg and the flange of the Za, the positioning beam Lg is fixed on the flanges of the Za at two ends, the length of the adjusting sleeve T is changed, and the mutual position between the central axis of the installed wall plate and the central axis of the beam can be adjusted. Before the plate Wa is installed, a narrow groove needs to be formed on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the plate Wa along the width direction of the plate; when the wall board Wa is installed, the wall board Wa is erected firstly, then the wall board is moved to be attached to the side faces of the upper wall board locating beam Lg and the lower wall board locating beam Lg at the same time, and the position of the wall board is already in place in the vertical face direction at the moment. The wall plate is then moved to a predetermined position along the beam, the upper fixing member G-1 is inserted into the narrow groove of the upper end surface of the plate and clamped on both sides of the flange of the beam, and the wall plate is fixed by inserting the lower fixing member G-2 into the narrow groove of the lower end surface of the plate and the narrow groove of the floor plate. During installation, the direction of the convex-concave grooves on the side surfaces of the wall boards needs to be noticed, and the convex-concave grooves of the adjacent wall boards are ensured to be mutually inserted. The upper and lower fixing members are inserted only in half, and the other half is inserted into another wall plate adjacent to the wall plate. Thus, both sides of each wallboard are provided with fixing pieces. In addition, when the wall panel is installed, the matching mortar of the wall body needs to be coated between the contact part of the floor panel and the lower end surface of the wall panel and the convex-concave grooves on the side surface of the wall panel, and after the wall panel is installed in place and inserted into the upper and lower fixing pieces G-1 and G-2 of the wall panel, the gap between the upper end surface of the wall panel and the flange of the beam needs to be filled with the mortar.

The wall body at the position of the window opening is installed by using wall boards Wa at two sides of the window opening and wall boards Wa-1 and Wa-2 above and below the window opening, and the method comprises the following steps: before the wall boards Wa, Wa-1 and Wa-2 on the two sides of the window hole are installed, a section of wide groove needs to be processed at the position where the window outer frame is in contact with the wall boards Wa, Wa-1 and Wa-2, the width of the wide groove is slightly wider than that of the window outer frame, and the depth of the wide groove is 5-10 mm. Two groups of bolt holes are needed to be processed on the side surfaces of the Wa, the Wa-1 and the Wa-2 which are contacted with each other. When the window frame is installed, the window frame and the wall body are installed at the same time, and the installation method is different from the traditional installation method that the window frame is installed in a window hole reserved in the wall body, so that the window frame can be embedded into the wall body, and the sealing between the window frame and the wall body is favorably strengthened. When the wall plate Wa-1 and the wall plate Wa-2 are installed, the wall plate Wa on one side of the window opening and the wall body Wa-2 on the lower portion of the window opening are installed in place, then the window outer frame is placed in the wide grooves of the wall plate Wa and the wall body W-2 on the lower portion of the window opening, and finally the wall plates Wa and Wa are installed, and during installation, pins are required to be inserted into holes in the side faces of the wall plates Wa, Wa-1 and Wa-2. Meanwhile, when the window outer frame is installed, heat insulation cotton is placed around the window frame so as to further ensure the sealing between the window outer frame and the wall body; and when the wall board is installed, the matched mortar of the wall body needs to be coated between the convex grooves on the side surface of the wall board, and after the wall board is installed, the gaps on the two sides of the window outer frame are filled with the matched mortar.

Fig. 20 shows the structure and installation method of the aerated reinforced concrete wall at the positions of the columns, the vertical braces and the inclined braces and at the position of the portal frame, which is detailed as follows:

at the positions of the columns, the vertical braces and the inclined braces, the wall body is composed of an inner plate Wn and two side outer plates Wb. When the mounting method is used, the inner plate is firstly plugged into a triangular area formed by the column, the vertical support and the inclined support, then the two outer plates Wb are attached to the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the column, and bolts penetrate through holes in the outer plates, the Wb, the Za and the Cs to fix the plates on two sides of the Za and the Cs.

The wall body at the door opening position is also composed of an inner plate Wn and two side outer plates Wb. The method of installation of the wall is the same as described above on both sides of the door frame; but the installation of the wall body above the door frame is a bit different: wb is a Bn which is split into two 1/2Wn blocks and then inserted twice, and is shown as having been inserted 1/2. After the Bn of 1/2 is inserted, two upper anchors G-1 are captured, one of which G-1 is translationally inserted into the narrow slot above the other block 1/2 after the Bn is inserted into position.

Fig. 21 is an overall view after installation of the aerated concrete wall (not yet surface treated):

the wall structure at the top level beam can be seen: the wall body is composed of two outer plates Wb arranged on two sides of a beam: the plate Wb with the width of the beam flange plus the thickness of the two outer plates is fixed on the upper flange of the beam by bolts, and then the upper and lower ends of the plate Wb with the width of the beam height are coated with mortar and then are plugged into the upper end surface of a wall body formed by the plates Wa and Wb and the lower part of the plate Wb fixed on the upper flange of the top beam, so that the plate Wb can be fixed. The bolts pass through the plates Wb arranged on the two sides of the beam and the holes on the beam web plate, so that the two side plates Wb of the beam are further ensured to be more reliably arranged.

It can also be seen that the panels of wall panels Wb on the outer sides of the beams at the floor beams are mounted between the lower and upper end faces of the upper and lower wall panels.

It can also be seen that the panels of wall panel Wb on the outside of the bottom cross member are mounted between the lower end face of the wall and the outdoor floor.

After the wallboard is installed, only the concrete slab is seen from the inside and outside of the house and the wall body, so that the traditional concrete building is visually felt by people. In fact, the building performs better than the traditional concrete building in all aspects: because the house bears the load of the house by the steel structure frame, and the dead load floor bearing plate and the wallboard of the house are both made of light materials, the house has higher excellent performance of bearing external forces such as earthquakes and the like than a house built by the traditional method; because the sound insulation and heat insulation performance of the aerated reinforced concrete slab is better than that of traditional wall and floor materials such as concrete and bricks, the aerated reinforced concrete slab is used as the wall and the floor, and the service performance of the house is better; the aerated reinforced concrete slab is made of inorganic materials and cannot be aged, and metal components which are subjected to rust prevention treatment are positioned between the aerated reinforced concrete slabs and are not exposed, so that the service life of the house is long; the metal stressed frame is protected by the aerated reinforced concrete slab with excellent heat insulation performance, so that the fireproof performance of the house is better.

FIG. 22 illustrates the use of wood panels as floor and wall panels, as will now be described:

(1) the beam column frame needs to be additionally provided with a window frame at the window opening;

(2) the wall plate is composed of an inner plate and an outer plate, and a heat insulation and sound insulation material (not shown) can be added between the inner plate and the outer plate;

(3) and the length of the floor bearing plate exceeds the steel beam of the lap joint, so that the external wall panel is convenient to place.

(4) The inner plate and the outer plate of the wallboard are transversely arranged and are respectively attached to two sides of Zam, Cs and Dm-1 in the frame, and the bolts penetrate through holes in two sides of Zam, Cs and Dm-1 and are screwed into the ridge piece K on the inner surface of the board to fix the board.

(5) The ends of the external wall panels at the corners are in staggered lap joint with each other.

(6) And the lower wallboard is an aerated reinforced concrete slab.

After the wall panels are installed, the house is seen and felt as a wooden house of a full wood structure built on a concrete foundation from the inside and outside of the house. And not only does it feel to people that the building is of an all-wood structure, and the comfort level of living such as heat preservation, sound insulation and heat insulation is completely the same as that of the building of an all-wood structure, but also the house bears the load of the house by a steel structure frame with stable structure, so that the house has higher excellent performance of bearing external force such as earthquake and the like than a wood house built by the traditional method. Furthermore, the wood elements used in the present invention are of only one type: the plates with different lengths and thicknesses are convenient for manufacturers to produce and simple to install. Especially the wall panels of the house, have already finished the surface decoration treatment in the factory, therefore, after finishing the installation of this house, have already finished all decorations except that the ground is processed in fact, greatly reduce the cost of labor of building the house.

Figure 23 is a hydroelectric construction illustration of the present invention,

in order to ensure that water and electricity can be quickly installed after the floor plates of the wall plate are installed in place, the pipeline and the outlet box are pre-embedded in the corresponding positions of the wall plate before the installation of the wall plate at the position where the water and electricity are needed to be installed. In addition, the main line of the water and electricity communication of the room is laid along the web of the H steel beam above the wall body, and all the water and electricity lines can be connected with the main line along the web which is embedded with a pipeline in advance and leads to the H steel beam, so that favorable conditions are provided for the quick installation of the water and electricity pipeline and the water and electricity facility. The following description will be made of the construction of water and electricity, respectively:

on the wall board at the position where the water supply faucet needs to be arranged, a water outlet box and a pipe which is connected with the water outlet box and is communicated with the upper end face of the wall board are embedded in advance. The diameter of the embedded pipe is larger than that of the water outlet pipe, so that the embedded pipe can conveniently penetrate through a water supply pipe (the water supply pipe needs to use a certain flexible plastic pipe or an aluminum-plastic composite pipe) between the main pipeline connected to the web plate and the water outlet faucet.

The circuit construction schematic diagram sees, similar with the construction of pipeline, box pre-buried on the wallboard can be different according to various requirements: the boxes are respectively a main switch, a socket, a wall switch and a base of a wall lamp. Corresponding circuits in the box are also communicated to the upper part of the wallboard through pipelines which are embedded in the wallboard and connected with main circuits of corresponding circuits.

After all the lines of the water and electricity are installed, the exposed steel beams are sealed by the plates Wb, and then the indoor wall surface can be integrated.

Because the roofing system adopts traditional design and construction, so do not describe roofing structure and construction.

Claims

1. A method for building low-rise building includes connecting the following components to form a frame by high-strength bolts, fixing the frame to foundation, fixing aerated reinforced concrete slab or wood plate to frame, and building

The cross section of a rod piece of the beam-Lm, the beam-Ln and the beam-Lmn is H-shaped, the end head of the beam is m and n, the m and n are both provided with at least 1 row of holes on the flange and the web, and the end part of the n is cut off a section of flange;

the sections of the beam-Lpm and the beam-Lqm are also H-shaped, wherein one end of the beam-Lpm and the beam-Lqm is in a shape that a plate with holes is welded on the end surface, and the other end of the beam-Lpm and the beam-Lqm is in a shape of m;

all beams of different length specifications have length differences of 150 mm or integral multiples of 0.5 feet;

column-Za and column-Zam, the column is made of H-shaped steel, the plates at both ends are provided with holes, and the flange is provided with at least 2 rows of holes;

column-Zb, the material of column is H shaped steel, there are many rows of holes in the flange and web and junction of the roof beam, and welded the tie plate;

column-Zc-a 2, column-Zc-a 3, column-Zc-a 4, column-Zc-b 2, column-Zc-b 3, column-Zc-b 4, column-Zc-c 2, column-Zc-c 3 and column-Zc-c 4, wherein the columns are made of rectangular pipes, and a section of H-shaped steel with multiple rows of holes on flanges and webs is welded at the joint of beams;

the door and window upright rods D-1, Dm-1 and D-2 are made of channel steel, plates welded at two ends are provided with holes, wherein the bottom surface of the component D-1 is provided with holes corresponding to the end surface of the D-2, two side surfaces of the D-1 are respectively provided with three holes, and two side surfaces of the Dm-1 are respectively provided with a row of holes with the total number not less than 12;

the strut-Cs is similar to the column-Za except that the plane of the two end plates is not perpendicular to the intersection angle of the center line along the length of the H-beam;

the shape of the connecting piece-J-1 is that a section of groove with holes on each surface is bent to 90 degrees; the connecting piece J-2 is in a shape that one end of a section of groove with holes on each surface is sealed, and the sealing surface is also provided with holes; the connector-J-3 is a section of groove, and a group of holes are arranged on each surface of the groove 3.

2. The method of constructing a low-rise housing structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concrete-reinforced floor slab has at least two through holes at each end thereof.

3. The method of constructing a low-rise housing in claim 1, wherein the concrete air-entrained wall panels are formed with grooves at upper and lower ends thereof.

4. The method for constructing a low-rise housing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer walls of the wooden house and the outer walls of the outer walls are formed by the outer walls fixed to the columns, the vertical braces and the diagonal braces of the present invention and the vertical braces of the wall, the middle insulation wool, and the inner walls, and the upper and lower surfaces of each of the outer walls are respectively formed with the convex-concave grooves, and the inner surfaces thereof are formed at least at both ends thereof with the nuts embedded in the plates.

5. The method of constructing a low-rise dwelling building as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aerated concrete panels used for installation of the hydroelectric lines: the aerated concrete wallboard is embedded with a pipe in advance, one end of the pipe is communicated with the top surface of the wallboard, and the other end of the pipe is communicated with a wire outlet box embedded in the wall body.