CN106146601A - 阿奇霉素的药物组合物及其止咳的医药用途 - Google Patents
阿奇霉素的药物组合物及其止咳的医药用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了阿奇霉素的药物组合物及其止咳的医药用途,本发明提供的阿奇霉素的药物组合物中含有阿奇霉素和一种从天南星的干燥块茎中分离得到的结构新颖的天然产物化合物(Ⅰ),阿奇霉素和该天然产物化合物(Ⅰ)单独作用时,具有抗炎止咳作用;二者联合作用时,抗炎止咳效果进一步提高,可以开发成抗炎止咳的药物,与现有技术相比具有突出的实质性特点和显著的进步。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域,涉及阿奇霉素的新用途,具体涉及阿奇霉素的药物组合物及其止咳的医药用途。
背景技术
阿奇霉素为第二代大环内酯药物,主要用于治疗呼吸道及生殖道感染。可治疗多种病原体引起的儿童及成人的呼吸道感染,生殖道沙眼衣原体感染等,并被多个国家和地区的医学指南推荐作为上述感染的一线治疗药物推荐(如美国,日本,中国,美国及中国CDC)。
阿奇霉素适用于敏感细菌所引起的下列感染:支气管炎、肺炎等下呼吸道感染;皮肤和软组织感染;急性中耳炎;鼻窦炎、咽炎、扁桃体炎等上呼吸道感染(青霉素是治疗化脓性链球菌咽炎的常用药,也是预防风湿热的常用药物;阿奇霉素可有效清除口咽部链球菌,但目前尚无阿奇霉素治疗和预防风湿热疗效的资料)。阿奇霉素可用于男女性传播疾病中由沙眼衣原体所致的单纯性生殖器感染。阿奇霉素亦可用于由非多重耐药淋球菌所致的单纯性生殖器感染及由杜克嗜血杆菌引起的软下疳(需排除梅毒螺旋体的合并感染)。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种阿奇霉素的药物组合物,该药物组合物中含有阿奇霉素和一种从草本中分离得到的结构新颖的天然产物,阿奇霉素和该天然产物可以协同抗炎止咳。
本发明的上述目的是通过下面的技术方案得以实现的:
一种具有下述结构式的化合物(Ⅰ),
一种阿奇霉素的药物组合物,包括阿奇霉素、如上所述的化合物(Ⅰ)和药学上可以接受的载体。
如上所述的化合物(Ⅰ)的制备方法,包含以下操作步骤:(a)将天南星的干燥块茎粉碎,用65~75%乙醇热回流提取,合并提取液,浓缩至无醇味,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和水饱和的正丁醇萃取,分别得到石油醚萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物和正丁醇萃取物;(b)步骤(a)中正丁醇取物用大孔树脂除杂,先用20%乙醇洗脱9个柱体积,再用65%乙醇洗脱10个柱体积,收集65%洗脱液,减压浓缩得65%乙醇洗脱浓缩物;(c)步骤(b)中65%乙醇洗脱浓缩物用正相硅胶分离,依次用体积比为65:1、35:1、15:1和7:1的二氯甲烷-甲醇梯度洗脱得到4个组分;(d)步骤(c)中组分4用正相硅胶进一步分离,依次用体积比为12:1、7:1和1:1的二氯甲烷-甲醇梯度洗脱得到3个组分;(e)步骤(d)中组分2用十八烷基硅烷键合的反相硅胶分离,用体积百分浓度为58%的甲醇水溶液等度洗脱,收集11~15个柱体积洗脱液,洗脱液减压浓缩得到化合物(Ⅰ)。
进一步地,步骤(a)用70%乙醇热回流提取,合并提取液。
进一步地,所述大孔树脂为D101型大孔吸附树脂。
如上所述的化合物(Ⅰ)在制备抗炎止咳的药物中的应用。
如上所述的阿奇霉素的药物组合物在制备抗炎止咳的药物中的应用。
本发明的优点:
本发明提供的阿奇霉素的药物组合物中含有阿奇霉素和一种从天南星的干燥块茎中分离得到的结构新颖的天然产物,阿奇霉素和该天然产物单独作用时,具有抗炎止咳作用;二者联合作用时,抗炎止咳效果进一步提高,可以开发成抗炎止咳的药物。本发明与现有技术相比具有突出的实质性特点和显著的进步。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步说明本发明的实质性内容,但并不以此限定本发明保护范围。尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
实施例1:化合物(Ⅰ)分离制备及结构确证
分离方法:(a)将天南星的干燥块茎(2kg)粉碎,用70%乙醇热回流提取(15L×3次),合并提取液,浓缩至无醇味(3L),依次用石油醚(3L×3次)、乙酸乙酯(3L×3次)和水饱和的正丁醇(3L×3次)萃取,分别得到石油醚萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物和正丁醇萃取物;(b)步骤(a)中乙酸乙酯萃取物用D101型大孔树脂除杂,先用20%乙醇洗脱9个柱体积,再用65%乙醇洗脱10个柱体积,收集65%洗脱液,减压浓缩得65%乙醇洗脱浓缩物;(c)步骤(b)中65%乙醇洗脱浓缩物用正相硅胶分离,依次用体积比为65:1(9个柱体积)、35:1(10个柱体积)、15:1(8个柱体积)和7:1(8个柱体积)的二氯甲烷-甲醇梯度洗脱得到4个组分;(d)步骤(c)中组分4用正相硅胶进一步分离,依次用体积比为12:1(6个柱体积)、7:1(7个柱体积)和1:1(6个柱体积)的二氯甲烷-甲醇梯度洗脱得到3个组分;(e)步骤(d)中组分2用十八烷基硅烷键合的反相硅胶分离,用体积百分浓度为58%的甲醇水溶液等度洗脱,收集11~15个柱体积洗脱液,洗脱液减压浓缩得到化合物(Ⅰ)(435mg,HPLC归一化纯度大于98%)。
结构确证:白色粉末,HR-ESI-MS显示[M+H]+为m/z 455.3488,结合核磁特征可得分子式为C30H46O3,不饱和度为8。核磁共振氢谱数据δH(ppm,CDCl3,600MHz):H-1(1.49,m),H-1(2.91,ddd,J=13.3,7.0,4.2Hz),H-2(2.41,ddd,J=15.4,6.8,4.2Hz),H-2(2.65,ddd,J=15.4,11.2,7.0Hz),H-5(1.32,d,J=11.2Hz),H-6(1.48,m),H-6(1.63,m),H-7(1.68,m),H-7(1.87,m),H-9(1.54,d,J=8.4Hz),H-11(4.27,d,J=8.8,3.3Hz),H-12(5.28,d,J=3.3Hz),H-16(2.21,d,J=13.1Hz),H-16(2.43,d,J=13.1Hz),H-18(2.46,d,J=8.4Hz),H-19(1.41,m),H-20(1.10,m),H-21(1.28,m),H-21(1.48,m),H-22(1.36,m),H-22(1.51,m),H-23(1.02,s),H-24(0.82,s),H-25(1.19,s),H-26(1.22,s),H-27(1.36,s),H-28(0.87,s),H-29(0.85,d,J=6.3Hz),H-30(0.93,d,J=6.1Hz),11-OH(2.83,br,s);核磁共振碳谱数据δC(ppm,CDCl3,125MHz):39.2(CH2,1-C),34.3(CH2,2-C),215.6(C,3-C),47.5(C,4-C),55.2(CH,5-C),19.7(CH2,6-C),38.9(CH2,7-C),51.8(C,8-C),56.1(CH,9-C),31.2(C,10-C),67.9(CH,11-C),126.7(CH,12-C),138.2(C,13-C),66.6(C,14-C),209.1(C,15-C),52.5(CH2,16-C),52.7(C,17-C),59.3(CH,18-C),39.9(CH,19-C),40.5(CH,20-C),30.8(CH2,21-C),38.8(CH2,22-C),26.6(CH3,23-C),15.7(CH3,24-C),13.7(CH3,25-C),19.7(CH3,26-C),14.3(CH3,27-C),19.3(CH3,28-C),17.2(CH3,29-C),20.4(CH3,30-C)。红外波谱表明该化合物含有羟基(3478cm-1),羰基(1760cm-1),双键(1663cm-1)和偕二甲基(1380cm-1)基团。13C-NMR、DEPT和HSQC谱中显示有30个碳信号,包括八个甲基,七个亚甲基,七个次甲基(一个连氧碳和一个烯烃碳),以及八个季碳(两个羰基,一个烯属季碳),以上功能结构再结合不饱和数表明该化合物为五环三萜结构。1H-NMR谱结合HSQC谱显示的六个单峰甲基质子信号δH1.02(3H,s),0.82(3H,s),1.19(3H,s),1.22(3H,s),1.36(3H,s)和0.87(3H,s)和两个双峰甲基质子信号δH 0.85(3H,d,J=6.3Hz),0.93(3H,d,J=6.1Hz)以及1H-NMR数据表明该化合物为乌苏烷型三萜类化合物。从红外谱中可知结构中含有羟基,根据HMBC谱中11-OH与C-11的相关信号以及碳化学位移确认-OH连在C-11位。通过HMBC谱中一个单烯烃质子信号δH5.28(1H,d,J=3.3Hz)与C-12的相关信号以及C-12与C-13的碳化学位移可以确认C-12与C-13形成双键结构。此外,HMBC谱中Me-23和Me-24与C-3,H2-16和Me-27与C-15的相关性表明C-3和C-15位形成酮基。综合氢谱、碳谱、HMBC谱和NOESY谱,以及文献关于相关类型核磁数据,可基本确定该化合物如下所示,立体构型进一步通过ECD试验确定,理论值与实验值基本一致。
该化合物化学式及碳原子编号如下:
实施例2:药理作用
1、材料与方法
1.1药物和试剂
阿奇霉素购自中国药品生物制品检定所。化合物(Ⅰ)自制,制备方法见实施例1。冰醋酸,广西南宁化学试剂厂生产;二甲苯,中国医药集团上海化学试剂公司生产;伊文思兰,上海化学试剂采购供应站分装厂生产。阿司匹林片(100mg/片),拜尔制药公司生产;桂龙咳喘宁胶囊,山西桂龙医药有限公司生产;橘红冲剂,南昌康正德制药有限公司生产。
1.2实验动物
昆明种小白鼠90只,体质量(20±2)g,雌雄各半;Wistar大鼠60只,体质量(200±20)g,雌雄各半,均由湖北省实验动物中心提供。
1.3器材
1.80-2型离心机,上海手术器械厂生产;721型分光光度计,上海第三分析仪器厂生产;AEU-210型电子天平,日本岛津生产。
1.4抗炎实验
1.4.1对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀度的影响
取小鼠50只,随机分为5组,每组10只,分别为:生理盐水组,阿司匹林组(300mg/kg),阿奇霉素组(80mg/kg)、化合物(Ⅰ)组(80mg/kg)、阿奇霉素与化合物(Ⅰ)组合物组【40mg/kg阿奇霉素+40mg/kg化合物(Ⅰ)】各组按相应剂量给药,生理盐水组灌服等量生理盐水。各组均灌胃给药,每天1次,连续5d。末次给药1h后,各组小鼠右耳涂以二甲苯0.05ml/只,左耳不涂作自身空白对照。涂抹二甲苯30min后,将小鼠颈椎脱位处死,用内径6mm的打孔器打下左、右双耳相同部位的圆片,分别称质量,以右耳质量与左耳质量差为肿胀度,比较各组的肿胀度。
1.4.2对醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加的作用
取小鼠50只,分组及给药同1.4.1。各组给予药物每天1次,连续3d。末次给药1h后,小鼠尾静脉注射0.5%伊文思兰的生理盐水0.1ml/10g后,立即于小鼠腹腔注射0.6%醋酸0.2ml/只,20min后,断头放血处死小鼠,用5ml生理盐水冲洗腹腔3次,收集洗涤液,离心(1000rpm)5min,在721型分光光度计590nm处测定吸收度(OD值)。
1.5止咳实验
1.5.1对SO2致咳小鼠的影响
取小鼠50只,随机分为5组,每组10只,即生理盐水组、阿奇霉素组(80mg/kg)、化合物(Ⅰ)组(80mg/kg)、阿奇霉素与化合物(Ⅰ)组合物组【40mg/kg阿奇霉素+40mg/kg化合物(Ⅰ)】、桂龙咳喘宁组(5g/kg)。各组按相应剂量给药,生理盐水组灌服等量生理盐水,每天1次,共7d。末次给药后1h,将小鼠放入500ml的广口瓶中,通入SO26ml引咳,以小鼠出现明显的张口喘息为咳嗽指标,观察并记录小鼠放入瓶中到咳嗽发生的潜伏期和3min内咳嗽次数。
1.5.2对大鼠排痰量的影响
取Wistar大鼠50只,随机分为5组,每组10只,即生理盐水组、阿奇霉素组(80mg/kg)、化合物(Ⅰ)组(80mg/kg)、阿奇霉素与化合物(Ⅰ)组合物组【40mg/kg阿奇霉素+40mg/kg化合物(Ⅰ)】、橘红冲剂组(5g/kg)。各组按相应剂量给药,生理盐水组灌服等量生理盐水,每天1次,共7d。实验前禁食不禁水12h,末次给药30min后,用戊巴比妥钠30mg/kg麻醉,仰卧位固定,剪开颈正中皮肤,分离气管,在甲状软骨下缘正中两软骨环之中,用注射针头扎一小孔,然后插入直径0.5ml的已知质量(G1)的毛细管一根,长10cm。使毛细玻管刚好接触气管部表面,以吸取气管中的痰液,若一支玻管吸满,马上换一支玻管,收集大鼠60min的排痰量,然后用电子称称量收集有痰液的玻管的重量(G2),G2-G1即为大鼠60min的排痰量,计算60min/100g的引流mg数作为祛痰指标。
1.6统计学方法
应用SPSS11.5软件包进行数据处理。计量资料以x±s表示,组间比较采用t检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2、实验结果
2.1对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀及对醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管渗透性增加的作用的影响
与生理盐水组比较,阿奇霉素与化合物(Ⅰ)组合物组和阿司匹林组的肿胀度和OD值均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),阿奇霉素组、化合物(Ⅰ)组也可显著降低肿胀度和OD值(P<0.05),说明阿奇霉素与化合物(Ⅰ)组合物的消炎作用较明显,且能显著降低OD值,较明显抑制醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管渗透性增加。结果见表1。
表1抗炎试验结果(x±s,n=10)
组别 | 肿胀度 | 吸收度(OD值) |
生理盐水组 | 1.91±0.35 | 0.556±0.172 |
阳性对照组 | 1.41±0.23 | 0.401±0.079 |
阿奇霉素组 | 1.60±0.31 | 0.422±0.045 |
化合物(Ⅰ)组 | 1.59±0.42 | 0.428±0.102 |
阿奇霉素与化合物(Ⅰ)组合物组 | 1.37±0.36 | 0.404±0.068 |
2.3对小鼠SO2致咳的止咳作用
与生理盐水组比较,阿奇霉素与化合物(Ⅰ)组合物组和桂龙咳喘宁组均能减少小鼠SO2致咳的咳嗽次数,延长咳嗽潜伏期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),阿奇霉素组、化合物(Ⅰ)组也能减少咳嗽次数,延长咳嗽潜伏期(P<0.05)。结果见表2。
表2对小鼠SO2致咳的止咳作用(x±s,n=10)
组别 | 咳嗽次数(次) | 潜伏期(s) |
生理盐水组 | 59.7±6.3 | 41.97±11.76 |
阳性对照组 | 38.8±5.9 | 69.66±18.67 |
阿奇霉素组 | 46.3±4.5 | 51.57±10.25 |
化合物(Ⅰ)组 | 44.2±7.5 | 52.92±24.13 |
阿奇霉素与化合物(Ⅰ)组合物组 | 32.2±2.4 | 70.34±10.42 |
2.4对大鼠排痰量的影响
阿奇霉素组、化合物(Ⅰ)组和橘红冲剂组60min/100g引流的mg数为3.21±0.57、3.25±0.37和3.28±0.42均高于生理盐水组(2.24±0.43),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),阿奇霉素与化合物(Ⅰ)组合物组为3.54±0.68,显著高于生理盐水组(P<0.01)。
上述试验表明,阿奇霉素和化合物(Ⅰ)单独作用时,具有抗炎止咳作用;二者联合作用时,抗炎止咳效果进一步提高,可以开发成抗炎止咳的药物。
上述实施例的作用在于说明本发明的实质性内容,但并不以此限定本发明的保护范围。本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种具有下述结构式的化合物(Ⅰ),
2.一种阿奇霉素的药物组合物,其特征在于:包括阿奇霉素、如权利要求1所述的化合物(Ⅰ)和药学上可以接受的载体。
3.权利要求1所述的化合物(Ⅰ)的制备方法,其特征在于,包含以下操作步骤:(a)将天南星的干燥块茎粉碎,用65~75%乙醇热回流提取,合并提取液,浓缩至无醇味,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和水饱和的正丁醇萃取,分别得到石油醚萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物和正丁醇萃取物;(b)步骤(a)中正丁醇取物用大孔树脂除杂,先用20%乙醇洗脱9个柱体积,再用65%乙醇洗脱10个柱体积,收集65%洗脱液,减压浓缩得65%乙醇洗脱浓缩物;(c)步骤(b)中65%乙醇洗脱浓缩物用正相硅胶分离,依次用体积比为65:1、35:1、15:1和7:1的二氯甲烷-甲醇梯度洗脱得到4个组分;(d)步骤(c)中组分4用正相硅胶进一步分离,依次用体积比为12:1、7:1和1:1的二氯甲烷-甲醇梯度洗脱得到3个组分;(e)步骤(d)中组分2用十八烷基硅烷键合的反相硅胶分离,用体积百分浓度为58%的甲醇水溶液等度洗脱,收集11~15个柱体积洗脱液,洗脱液减压浓缩得到化合物(Ⅰ)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的化合物(Ⅰ)的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(a)用70%乙醇热回流提取,合并提取液。
5.根据权利要求3所述的化合物(Ⅰ)的制备方法,其特征在于:所述大孔树脂为D101型大孔吸附树脂。
6.权利要求1所述的化合物(Ⅰ)在制备抗炎止咳的药物中的应用。
7.权利要求2所述的阿奇霉素的药物组合物在制备抗炎止咳的药物中的应用。
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CN105837449A (zh) * | 2016-04-18 | 2016-08-10 | 镇江高海生物药业有限公司 | 一种l-叔亮氨酸的药物组合物及其在生物医药中的应用 |
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CN105884741A (zh) * | 2016-04-23 | 2016-08-24 | 徐挺 | 一种富马酸比索洛尔的药物组合物及其医药用途 |
WO2017220050A3 (zh) * | 2016-06-23 | 2018-02-15 | 赵吉永 | 阿奇霉素的药物组合物及其止咳的医药用途 |
WO2017220051A3 (zh) * | 2016-06-23 | 2018-02-15 | 赵吉永 | 盐酸苄丝肼的药物组合物及其降血糖的医药用途 |
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