CN106128612A - 一种线管 - Google Patents

一种线管 Download PDF

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CN106128612A
CN106128612A CN201610642733.4A CN201610642733A CN106128612A CN 106128612 A CN106128612 A CN 106128612A CN 201610642733 A CN201610642733 A CN 201610642733A CN 106128612 A CN106128612 A CN 106128612A
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沈建清
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TONGXIANG SMALL BOSS SPECIAL PLASTIC PRODUCTS CO Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
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    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/42Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for heat dissipation or conduction
    • H01B7/428Heat conduction
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种线管,所述线管由内至外依次为硬质塑料层和灭火层,所述灭火层的材料包括基材、石墨烯和可膨胀石墨,所述石墨烯以及可膨胀石墨均匀分布于所述基材中,所述石墨烯的质量为所述基材的质量的0.000005%~10%,所述可膨胀石墨的质量为所述基材的质量的30%~200%。

Description

一种线管
技术领域
本发明涉及一种线管。
背景技术
电线一般主要由芯线、绝缘层和护套三个部分组成,特殊用途的电线还可在芯线与护套之间包括功能层与屏蔽层。所述芯线为电线的导电部分,用来输送电能,是电线的主要部分,可为导体或漆包线等。所述绝缘层是将导体与大地以及不同相的导体之间在电气上彼此隔离,保证电能输送,是电线结构中不可缺少的组成部分。所述护套是保护电线免受外界杂质和水分的侵入,以及防止外力直接损坏电力电缆。
当电线过载时短路引起火灾,电线中的芯线起火,绝缘层、护套甚至传统的阻燃层等均容易被引燃,火焰会沿着电线快速窜烧,并引燃其他物品,而造成严重的损失后果。
发明内容
有鉴于此,确有必要提供一种线管,以解决现有技术问题。
本发明提供一种线管,所述线管由内至外依次为硬质塑料层和灭火层,所述灭火层的材料包括基材、石墨烯和可膨胀石墨,所述石墨烯以及可膨胀石墨均匀分布于所述基材中,所述石墨烯的质量为所述基材的质量的0.000005%~10%,所述可膨胀石墨的质量为所述基材的质量的30%~200%。
优选的,所述硬质塑料层的材料为酚醛塑料、聚氨酯塑料、环氧塑料、不饱和聚酯塑料、呋喃塑料、有机硅树脂、丙烯基树脂中的至少一种。
优选的,所述基材为软性塑料、橡胶及热塑性弹性体。
优选的,所述灭火层的厚度为0.1毫米~10毫米。
优选的,所述灭火层的膨胀倍数大于15。
优选的,所述石墨烯的尺寸为100纳米~20微米。
优选的,所述石墨烯的质量为所述基材的质量的0.0002%~10%。
优选的,所述可膨胀石墨的质量为所述基材的质量的50%~200%。
本发明通过引入具有灭火性能的灭火层,在遇到火灾时,能对电线进行灭火或者阻止电线着火。具体地,所述灭火层通过引入可膨胀石墨及石墨烯,并选择基材、可膨胀石墨及石墨烯等原料之间合适的配比,受热后的基材、石墨烯、膨胀后的可膨胀石墨三者会发生协同作用,具有优异的热传导性能、热膨胀性能,且在线管内装载的导线等燃烧时,灭火层不仅基本不会产生火焰,还会形成具有自支撑性结构的碳结构并膨胀15倍以上,从而该碳结构可形成一向芯线方向的压力而进一步压灭火焰,从而实现优异快速的灭火效果。当热量传至灭火层,该可膨胀石墨因遇热而可迅速膨胀,将线管内空间填满,而快速挤压火苗,最终可实现灭火。而且,石墨烯具有优异的热传导性能,所述石墨烯均匀分布于所述基材以及可膨胀石墨中,而可与所述可膨胀石墨形成一良好的网络结构,热量可通过石墨烯迅速传导,而可帮助所述可膨胀石墨快速受热而膨胀。另外,所述灭火层在遇热之后,受热后的基材、石墨烯、膨胀后的可膨胀石墨三者会发生协同作用而形成一自支撑性结构。该自支撑性结构可形成一向线管的内腔方向的压力而进一步压灭火焰,从而实现优异快速的灭火效果。
所述线管具有自动灭火效果,该线管可套于电线的外部,而可有效降低电线过载短路等走火所造成的损失和人身伤害,提高了其使用的安全性,也同时具有较大的社会经济效应。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述线管的结构示意图。
其中,图中1表示硬质塑料层;2表示灭火层。
如下具体实施例将结合上述附图进一步说明本发明。
具体实施方式
以下将对本发明提供的线管作进一步说明。
请参见图1,本发明提供一种线管。所述线管为一具有一内腔的管状结构。所述线管由内至外依次为硬质塑料层1和灭火层2。所述灭火层2的材料包括基材、石墨烯和可膨胀石墨。所述石墨烯以及可膨胀石墨均匀分布于所述基材中。
所述石墨烯的质量为所述基材的质量的0.000005%~10%,优选为,0.0002%~10%。所述可膨胀石墨的质量为所述基材的质量的30%~200%,优选为,50%~200%。
所述可膨胀石墨为通过物理或化学的手段在石墨的层间插入层间插入物如硫酸分子、水分子等,而仍可保持石墨层状结构。该可膨胀石墨在受热的情形下如150摄氏度以上,由于层间插入物分解或者汽化产生的膨胀力,这个膨张力远大于石墨的层间结合力,因而所述可膨胀石墨沿c轴方向膨胀数十倍到数百倍而形成蠕虫状结构。
所述可膨胀石墨可为自制或市售的粉状物质。本实施例中,所述可膨胀石墨为市售的粉状物质,所述可膨胀石墨的质量占所述基材的质量为100%。
所述石墨烯在所述灭火层中所占的质量分数较小。所述石墨烯为比表面积较大、导热性能优异的碳材料,其与所述可膨胀石墨也均有良好的相容性。所述石墨烯的作用在于:提供一种传热的介质,而使石墨烯与可膨胀石墨形成一良好的导热网络,这也利于在灭火的过程中,受热后的基材、石墨烯与膨胀后的可膨胀石墨形成一自支撑结构。所述自支撑主要通过石墨烯、膨胀后的可膨胀石墨与基材之间存在的范德华力而实现。该多个石墨烯在灭火层中呈无序排列。
当所述灭火层遇热之后形成的自支撑性结构为非灰性物质,其区别于普通的稻草燃烧得到的灰烬。
所述石墨烯的结构不限,其包括石墨烯纳米片、石墨烯微米片、石墨烯纳米带、少层石墨烯(2-5层)、多层石墨烯(2-9层)、石墨烯量子点、化学改性石墨烯(氧化石墨烯、还原氧化石墨烯)以及这些石墨烯类材料的衍生物)。所述石墨烯的定义可参见文献“All inthe graphene family–A recommended nomenclature for two-dimensional carbonmaterials”。所述石墨烯还可以选自厚度≤20nm,更优选地,厚度≤10nm的材料。石墨烯的尺寸(即长度或宽度)不限,可为100纳米~20微米。在本实施例中,该石墨烯的厚度优选≤3nm,石墨烯越薄,柔韧性越好,越容易加工。所述石墨烯材料的的制备方法不限,采用本领域技术人员熟知的石墨烯产品或用常规的制备方法制备即可。石墨烯可以选自化学氧化法如Brodie法、Hummers法或Staudenmaier法中的任意一种方法制备的氧化石墨烯经热膨胀制得的石墨烯材料。也可以选用机械剥离、液相剥离或电化学剥离制备的石墨烯材料。同样本发明也可以使用氧化石墨烯或其他经化学改性的石墨烯材料。
本实施例中,所述石墨烯为市售的石墨烯粉,所述石墨烯的质量为所述基材的质量的0.0000005%。
所述基材包括软性塑料、橡胶及热塑性弹性体。具体的,所述软性塑料为聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚氨酯、聚四氟乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯中的至少一种。本实施例中,所述基材为聚氯乙烯软性塑料。
所述灭火层还可包括其他助剂,如:交联剂、稳定剂、润滑剂、改性剂和增塑剂。所述稳定剂可为钙锌稳定剂,所述润滑剂可为石蜡。各组分的比例为:交联剂1~3重量份、稳定剂1~6重量份、润滑剂0.5~3重量份、改性剂0~20重量份、增塑剂0~12重量份。
所述灭火层2的材料的制备方法如下:可将基材、石墨烯、可膨胀石墨以及其他助剂按比例称量,放入搅拌机,搅拌均匀后输送至捏合机在100℃~150℃下对其进行预塑化后进入挤塑机直接挤出成型。
所述灭火层2遇热之后的膨胀系数大于15,优选的,膨胀系数大于30。相对于传统的不掺杂石墨烯的膨胀塑料(膨胀倍数7~15倍),所述灭火层2具有优异的遇热膨胀效果以及自动灭火效果。
所述硬质塑料层1可为酚醛塑料、聚氨酯塑料、环氧塑料、不饱和聚酯塑料、呋喃塑料、有机硅树脂、丙烯基树脂等。所述硬质塑料层1采用硬质塑料的原因在于,方便在所述线管内装电线,当将传统电线插入线管时,降低线管内壁与电线之间的摩擦力,从而使电线顺利插入线管,另外,也耐刮擦。
当线管内的电线起火时,火在灭火层2靠近硬质塑料层1的方向烧,利用灭火层2的遇热膨胀特性而将火迅速灭掉。
本发明通过引入具有灭火性能的灭火层,在遇到火灾时,能对电线进行灭火或者阻止电线着火。具体地,所述灭火层通过引入可膨胀石墨及石墨烯,并选择基材、可膨胀石墨及石墨烯等原料之间合适的配比,受热后的基材、石墨烯、膨胀后的可膨胀石墨三者会发生协同作用,具有优异的热传导性能、热膨胀性能,且在线管内装载的导线等燃烧时,灭火层不仅基本不会产生火焰,还会形成具有自支撑性结构的碳结构并膨胀15倍以上,从而该碳结构可形成一向芯线方向的压力而进一步压灭火焰,从而实现优异快速的灭火效果。
当热量传至灭火层,该可膨胀石墨因遇热而可迅速膨胀,将线管内空间填满,而快速挤压火苗,最终可实现灭火。而且,石墨烯具有优异的热传导性能,所述石墨烯均匀分布于所述基材以及可膨胀石墨中,而可与所述可膨胀石墨形成一良好的网络结构,热量可通过石墨烯迅速传导,而可帮助所述可膨胀石墨快速受热而膨胀。另外,所述灭火层在遇热之后,受热后的基材、石墨烯、膨胀后的可膨胀石墨三者会发生协同作用而形成一自支撑性结构。该自支撑性结构可形成一向线管的内腔方向的压力而进一步压灭火焰,从而实现优异快速的灭火效果。
所述线管具有自动灭火效果,该线管可套于电线的外部,而可有效降低电线过载短路等走火所造成的损失和人身伤害,提高了其使用的安全性,也同时具有较大的社会经济效应。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种线管,其特征在于,所述线管由内至外依次为硬质塑料层和灭火层,所述灭火层的材料包括基材、石墨烯和可膨胀石墨,所述石墨烯以及可膨胀石墨均匀分布于所述基材中,所述石墨烯的质量为所述基材的质量的0.000005%~10%,所述可膨胀石墨的质量为所述基材的质量的30%~200%。
2.如权利要求1所述的线管,其特征在于,所述硬质塑料层的材料为酚醛塑料、聚氨酯塑料、环氧塑料、不饱和聚酯塑料、呋喃塑料、有机硅树脂、丙烯基树脂中的至少一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的线管,其特征在于,所述基材为软性塑料、橡胶及热塑性弹性体。
4.如权利要求1所述的线管,其特征在于,所述灭火层的厚度为0.1毫米~10毫米。
5.如权利要求1所述的线管,其特征在于,所述灭火层的膨胀倍数大于15。
6.如权利要求1所述的线管,其特征在于,所述石墨烯的尺寸为100纳米~20微米。
7.如权利要求1所述的线管,其特征在于,所述石墨烯的质量为所述基材的质量的0.0002%~10%。
8.如权利要求1所述的线管,其特征在于,所述可膨胀石墨的质量为所述基材的质量的50%~200%。
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