CN106111209B - 尾气脱硝亚微米纤维材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/26—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种尾气脱硝亚微米纤维材料的制备方法,包括步骤:(1)将可溶性铜盐、可溶性钡盐、可溶性钯盐以及可溶性铈盐与选自聚乙烯醇、聚氧化乙烯、柠檬酸、蔗糖、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸钠中的至少一种的水溶液相混合;(2)将混合溶液雾化通入碱性溶液混合反应粉碎;(3)将所得粉末热处理,粉碎;(4)将步骤(3)所得粉末与聚合物粉末混合加热熔融,制得预纺丝料;(5)将预纺丝料高压静喷丝,即得亚微米纤维。本发明得到的脱硝亚微米纤维材料可用于含氮氧化物的尾气处理,本发明通过纳米技术对脱硝催化剂进行了改性,防止了催化剂颗粒的团聚,从而保证了其较高的催化效率,同时能保证催化剂性能的稳定发挥。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可用于尾气脱硝亚微米纤维材料的制备方法,属于烟尘催化剂制造技术域。
背景技术
燃煤通过燃烧进行火电转换的过程中会排放大量含有毒物质的尾气,如含有氮氧化物、二氧化硫和硫化物等污染物。其中氮氧化物的处理难度大,目前工业上虽有许多方法如溶液吸收法,溶液分解法,选择性催化法和非选择性催化法等,但各个方法仍存在一些问题,限制其推广应用。如非催化的方法需要添加大量的吸收和反应试剂,添加量难以匹配,不仅存在能耗和物资消耗大的缺点,而且存在二次污染问题。催化过程因为采用催化剂,可以使脱硝过程更具有针对性,有利于污染的控制。但是催化剂的选择和制备目前仍然存在较大的困难,存在催化效率不足,过程不稳定,催化剂中毒和材料工艺过程不稳定等问题。本发明旨在兼顾效率、稳定性对脱硝催化剂进行改性,通过纳米技术防止颗粒的团聚,从而保证了较高的催化效率,同时能保证催化剂性能的稳定发挥。
发明内容
本发明针对上述现有技术存在的不足,提供了一种可用于尾气脱硝亚微米纤维材料的制备方法,保证了其较高的催化效率及稳定性。为解决上述问题,本发明所采取的技术方案如下:
本发明的尾气脱硝亚微米纤维材料的制备方法,包括下述步骤:
(1)先将可溶性铜盐、可溶性钡盐、可溶性钯盐以及可溶性铈盐溶于水中,然后加入聚乙烯醇、聚氧化乙烯、柠檬酸、蔗糖、聚丙烯酸或聚丙烯酸钠,形成混合溶液;所述可溶性铜盐、可溶性钡盐、可溶性钯盐以及可溶性铈盐之间的摩尔比为3~8:1~2:0.03~1:1~3;所述可溶性铜盐、可溶性钡盐、可溶性钯盐、可溶性铈盐的总质量与聚乙烯醇、聚氧化乙烯、柠檬酸、蔗糖、聚丙烯酸或聚丙烯酸钠的质量之比为1~25:25~100;所述混合溶液中,溶质总质量与水的质量比为1:5~20;
(2)将混合溶液进行雾化,将雾化气引入10~80℃的碱性溶液中,搅拌,调节溶液pH值9~11;待雾化气完全通入后,持续搅拌10min~1h,然后将溶液在室温下静置3~48h,过滤,将所得的沉淀在60~200℃烘干,粉碎成100-300目的粉末;所述碱性溶液摩尔浓度为0.1~5mol/l;
(3)将步骤(2)所得粉末置于惰性气氛中于300~1200℃热处理10min~2h,然后降温到200~500℃,关闭惰性气氛,通入氧化气氛,保温1~8h,降温冷却至室温,粉碎得大于400目的粉末;
(4)将步骤(3)所得粉末与聚合物粉末按质量比1:1~20混合均匀,加热熔融,制得预纺丝料;
(5)将预纺丝料置于熔体静电纺丝设备中,通过高压静电力的作用下从喷丝极朝向接收板喷出,即得亚微米纤维,所述喷丝极和所述接收板均为导体。
优选的,上述所述的尾气脱硝亚微米纤维材料的制备方法中,步骤(1)所述可溶性铜盐为氯化铜、硫酸铜、硝酸铜、醋酸铜中的至少一种;所述可溶性钡盐为氯化钡、硝酸钡、氢氧化钡中的至少一种;可溶性钯盐为氯化钯、硝酸钯、硫酸钯、乙酰丙酮钯中的至少一种;可溶性铈盐为六硝酸合铈酸盐、硝酸铈、硫酸铈铵、硫酸铈、氯化铈中的至少一种。优选的,所述可溶性铜盐、可溶性钡盐、可溶性钯盐、可溶性铈盐的总质量与聚乙烯醇、聚氧化乙烯、柠檬酸、蔗糖、聚丙烯酸或聚丙烯酸钠的质量之比为1:2~10。
优选的,上述所述的尾气脱硝亚微米纤维材料的制备方法中,步骤(2)所述碱性溶液为氨溶液、氢氧化钠溶液、氢氧化钾溶液、氢氧化钙溶液中的一种或一种混合物;优选的,步骤(2)将雾化气引入30~80℃的碱性溶液中。
优选的,上述所述的尾气脱硝亚微米纤维材料的制备方法中,步骤(3)所述惰性气氛为氮气或氩气气氛,所述氧化气氛为氮气和/或氩气中含有5~20%(v/v)氧气的混合气体。
优选的,上述所述的尾气脱硝亚微米纤维材料的制备方法中,步骤(4)所述聚合物为聚酰胺、聚苯硫醚、聚醚醚酮、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚砜、聚四氟乙烯和聚酰亚胺中的至少一种。
优选的,上述所述的尾气脱硝亚微米纤维材料的制备方法中,步骤(4)中,步骤(3)所得粉末与聚合物粉末按质量比1:1~10。
优选的,上述所述的尾气脱硝亚微米纤维材料的制备方法中,步骤(5)所述亚微米纤维直径为200~1000纳米。
优选的,上述所述的尾气脱硝亚微米纤维材料的制备方法中,步骤(5)所述喷丝极和所述接收板之间施加30~150千伏的高压静电场。
本发明得到的脱硝亚微米纤维材料可用于治理含氮氧化物的尾气,本发明通过纳米技术对脱硝催化剂进行了改性,有助于提高催化剂性能,并防止催化剂颗粒在催化反应过程中发生大量团聚的现象,从而保证了其较高的催化效率,同时能保证催化剂性能的稳定发挥。
具体实施方式
下述实施例是对于本发明内容的进一步说明以作为对本发明技术内容的阐释,但本发明的实质内容并不仅限于下述实施例所述,本领域的普通技术人员可以且应当知晓任何基于本发明实质精神的简单变化或替换均应属于本发明所要求的保护范围。
实施例1
(1)先将氯化铜、氯化钡,乙酰丙酮钯和硫酸铈铵按摩尔比为3.2:1.3:0.07:2溶于水中,然后加入聚乙烯醇,形成混合溶液。上述可溶性盐的总质量与聚乙烯醇质量之比为3:25;所述混合溶液中,溶质总质量与水的质量比为1:10;
(2)将混合溶液进行雾化,将雾化气引入30℃的碱性溶液中,搅拌,用浓度为0.1mol/l的盐酸或氢氧化钠溶液来调节溶液pH值,使其保持在9~10。待雾化气完全通入后,持续搅拌50min,然后将溶液在室温下静置48h,过滤,将所得的沉淀在150℃烘干8h,粉碎成100-300目的粉末;所述碱性溶液摩尔浓度为2.5mol/l;
(3)将粉末置于氩气气氛中350℃中热处理2h,然后降温到200℃,关闭氩气气氛,通入含5%(v/v)氧气的氩气,保温8h,降温冷却至室温,500~600目粉碎。
(4)粉末与聚酰胺粉末按质量比1:1混合均匀,加热熔融,制得预纺丝料。
(5)预纺丝料在高压静电力的作用下从喷丝极朝向接收板喷出,即得亚微米纤维,所述喷丝极和所述接收板均为导体,且所述喷丝极和所述接收板之间施加75千伏的静电场。
实施例2
(1)先将硝酸铜、氯化钡,乙酰丙酮钯和硝酸铈按摩尔比为5.5:1.6:0.2:1溶于水中,然后加入柠檬酸,形成混合溶液。上述可溶性盐的总质量与柠檬酸质量之比为20:100;所述混合溶液中,溶质总质量与水的质量比为20:100;
(2)将混合溶液进行雾化,将雾化气引入50℃的碱性溶液中,搅拌,用浓度为1.5mol/l的盐酸或氢氧化钠溶液来调节溶液pH值,使其保持在9~10。待雾化气完全通入后,持续搅拌1h,然后将溶液在室温下静置24h,过滤,将所得的沉淀在200℃烘干12h,粉碎成100-300目的粉末;所述碱性溶液摩尔浓度为4.3mol/l;
(3)将粉末置于氩气气氛中800℃中热处理0.5h,然后降温到400℃,关闭氩气气氛,通入氩气中含15%氧气的混合气体,保温2h,降温冷却至室温,500~600目粉碎。
(4)粉末与聚酰亚胺粉末按质量比1:8混合均匀,加热熔融,制得预纺丝料。
(5)预纺丝料在高压静电力的作用下从喷丝极朝向接收板喷出,即得亚微米纤维,所述喷丝极和所述接收板均为导体,且所述喷丝极和所述接收板之间施加50千伏的静电场。
实施例3
(1)先将氯化铜、氯化钡,乙酰丙酮钯和硫酸铈铵按摩尔比为8:1.8:0.6:2.6溶于水中,然后加入蔗糖,形成混合溶液。上述可溶性盐的总质量与蔗糖质量之比为25:100;所述混合溶液中,溶质总质量与水的质量比为15:100;
(2)将混合溶液进行雾化,将雾化气引入80℃的碱性溶液中,搅拌,用浓度为2.5mol/l的盐酸或氢氧化钠溶液来调节溶液pH值,使其保持在10-11。待雾化气完全通入后,持续搅拌30min,然后将溶液在室温下静置5h,过滤,将所得的沉淀在60℃烘干48h,粉碎成100-300目的粉末;所述碱性溶液摩尔浓度为0.3mol/l;
(3)将粉末置于氩气气氛中800℃中热处理2h,然后降温到500℃,关闭氩气气氛,通入氩气中含15%氧气的混合气体,保温10min,降温冷却至室温,700~800目粉碎。
(4)粉末与聚苯硫醚粉末按质量比1:16混合均匀,加热熔融,制得预纺丝料。
(5)预纺丝料在高压静电力的作用下从喷丝极朝向接收板喷出,即得亚微米纤维,所述喷丝极和所述接收板均为导体,且所述喷丝极和所述接收板之间施加120千伏的静电场。
将上述各实施例中的脱硝亚微米纤维材料用于催化某火电厂尾气样品实验,结果如下表1表明在240℃时对氮氧化物的4小时去除率为90~92.4%,连续使用300h小时后去除率仍然为87~91.3%,尾气排放数值低于火电厂大气污染物排放标准的国标规定值。
表1
Claims (5)
1.尾气脱硝亚微米纤维材料的制备方法,包括下述步骤:
(1)先将可溶性铜盐、可溶性钡盐、可溶性钯盐以及可溶性铈盐溶于水中,然后加入聚乙烯醇、聚氧化乙烯、柠檬酸、蔗糖、聚丙烯酸或聚丙烯酸钠,形成混合溶液;所述可溶性铜盐、可溶性钡盐、可溶性钯盐以及可溶性铈盐之间的摩尔比为3~8:1~2:0.03~1:1~3;所述可溶性铜盐、可溶性钡盐、可溶性钯盐、可溶性铈盐的总质量与聚乙烯醇、聚氧化乙烯、柠檬酸、蔗糖、聚丙烯酸或聚丙烯酸钠的质量之比为1~25:25~100;所述混合溶液中,溶质总质量与水的质量比为1:5~20;
(2)将混合溶液进行雾化,将雾化气引入10~80℃的碱性溶液中,搅拌,调节溶液pH值9~11;待雾化气完全通入后,持续搅拌10min~1h,然后将溶液在室温下静置3~48h,过滤,将所得的沉淀在60~200℃烘干,粉碎成100-300目的粉末;所述碱性溶液摩尔浓度为0.1~5mol/l;
(3)将步骤(2)所得粉末置于惰性气氛中于300~1200℃热处理10min~2h,然后降温到200~500℃,关闭惰性气氛,通入氧化气氛,保温1~8h,降温冷却至室温,粉碎得大于400目的粉末;
(4)将步骤(3)所得粉末与聚合物粉末按质量比1:1~20混合均匀,加热熔融,制得预纺丝料;
(5)将预纺丝料置于熔体静电纺丝设备中,通过高压静电力的作用从喷丝极朝向接收板喷出,即得亚微米纤维;
步骤(2)所述碱性溶液为氨溶液、氢氧化钠溶液、氢氧化钾溶液、氢氧化钙溶液中的至少一种;步骤(3)所述惰性气氛为氮气或氩气气氛,所述氧化气氛为氮气和/或氩气中含有5~20%(v/v)氧气的混合气体;步骤(4)所述聚合物为聚酰胺、聚苯硫醚、聚醚醚酮、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚砜、聚四氟乙烯和聚酰亚胺中的至少一种。
2.如权利要求1所述的尾气脱硝亚微米纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述可溶性铜盐为氯化铜、硫酸铜、硝酸铜、醋酸铜中的至少一种;所述可溶性钡盐为氯化钡、硝酸钡、氢氧化钡中的至少一种;可溶性钯盐为氯化钯、硝酸钯、硫酸钯、乙酰丙酮钯中的至少一种;可溶性铈盐为六硝酸合铈酸盐、硝酸铈、硫酸铈铵、硫酸铈、氯化铈中的至少一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的尾气脱硝亚微米纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,步骤(3)所得粉末与聚合物粉末按质量比1:1~10。
4.如权利要求1所述的尾气脱硝亚微米纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)所述亚微米纤维直径为200~1000纳米。
5.如权利要求1所述的尾气脱硝亚微米纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)所述喷丝极和所述接收板之间施加30~150千伏的高压静电场。
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