CN106110178A - 一种用于治疗脑梗的复方药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于治疗脑梗的复方药物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106110178A CN106110178A CN201610537820.3A CN201610537820A CN106110178A CN 106110178 A CN106110178 A CN 106110178A CN 201610537820 A CN201610537820 A CN 201610537820A CN 106110178 A CN106110178 A CN 106110178A
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于治疗脑梗的复方药物及其制备方法,该复方药物为由原料药制成的药剂,原料药按重量份数计包括:安息香1-3份、石菖蒲9-12份、海狗肾9-12份、菟丝子9-12份、茴香6-12份、怀牛膝18-24份、乳香6-12份、姜黄9-12份、细辛1-3份、当归9-12份、没药6-12份、红花6-12份、牡丹皮6-9份、水龙骨9-12份、芦荟9-12份、肉桂3-6份、以及白薇9-12份。该制备方法为汤剂、丸剂和颗粒剂的制法。该复方药物既可用于脑梗死急性期的治疗,降低患者死亡率和促进神志恢复,保护神经细胞受损;也可用于脑梗死恢复期和后遗症期,对患者的远期恢复具有促进作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物制剂领域,具体而言,涉及一种用于治疗脑梗的复方药物及其制备方法。
背景技术
脑梗死是危害人类健康的常见病,世界卫生组织将脑梗死定义为缺血性因素导致急骤发作的局灶/半球的功能障碍持续24小时以上的疾病。其类型包括脑血栓形成、脑栓塞、腔隙性梗塞及未明原因的脑梗死,不包括短暂性脑缺血性发作和慢性脑血管病死亡。脑梗死具有高发病率、高死亡率、高致残率和高复发率的特点。根据流行病学资料,每年新发脑血管疾病约120-150万,每年死于本病的人近100万,患病人数约500-600万,幸存者中约3/4有不同程度丧失劳动力,重度致残40%以上,给家庭和社会带来沉重的负担。我国脑血管病的年发病率为94.07/10万,患病率居诸病之首。其中,急性缺血性脑血管病占脑血管病的43%-65%,病死率为15%-25%,而急性脑梗死在缺血性脑血管病中死亡率最高,达5%-15%。因此,加强其治疗是降低脑梗病死率的关键。
目前,缺血性脑血管疾病的治疗仍是世界性的难题,现代医学在缺血性脑血管疾病治疗方面至今仍未获得突破性进展,虽然有介入治疗与溶栓治疗等特异而有效的方法,但是受到时间窗、临床医疗条件、经济等方面的限制,难以在临床推广应用。虽然近二十年来,不断有新药问世,但其疗效均有待进一步证实,目前尚无特效的治疗方法,而且许多治疗带有经验性、试验性,因此缺血性脑血管疾病的治疗方法仍需进行探索。
脑梗死发生时,位于梗塞病灶中心区域的血流明显减少,神经细胞膜离子泵和细胞能量代谢衰竭,以致脑组织发生不可逆性的损害。脑血流的进一步降低可导致脑细胞能量耗竭,造成细胞内离子的自稳失衡,使神经元离子梯度破坏、兴奋性神经递质释放、过量钙离子流入细胞以及代谢损害;自由基生成增多、一氧化氮水平提高、核酸内切酶激活可诱使神经细胞向凋亡方向发展,进而引起神经细胞迟发性死亡。因此,一、积极地防治缺血性脑血管病的发生和发展,寻求经济而有效的防治方法,无疑是医界之首务,也具有重大的经济和社会意义。二、研究与寻求一种干预细胞缺血坏死相关调控基因以阻抑神经细胞死亡、减轻迟发性神经元死亡的程度,进而保护神经细胞受损的策略是当前脑缺血治疗研究的热点。
脑梗死是临床常见病,临床常用的治疗方法主要包括动、静脉溶栓、抗凝、降纤、抗血小板凝集、神经保护剂的应用、亚低温治疗、神经干细胞移植及基因治疗等,目的在于恢复缺血区血液供应,干预细胞凋亡相关调控基因以阻抑神经细胞凋亡,减轻迟发性神经元死亡程度,促进神经元突触重塑表达,恢复肢体功能。现代医学对缺血性脑血管病最有效的治疗方法是“溶栓”治疗,而溶栓治疗虽然获得了很大的进展,如业已使用了包括静脉内溶栓、超声辅助静脉内溶栓、动脉内消融以及机械取栓和颅内支架置入等多种先进的治疗措施,但临床仍有2/3以上的患者在应用溶栓、介入等方法治疗后,其神经功能的恢复并不理想。
近年来,人们已逐渐从基因分子水平来认识脑缺血再灌注损伤,并提出了“损伤级联反应”的概念,它包括炎症反应和细胞凋亡等,认为炎症级联反应和细胞凋亡在急性脑缺血神经元损伤中起着重要作用,是脑缺血再灌注损伤的重要病理生理机制。细胞凋亡因需要新合成蛋白质的参与,因而发生在级联反应的稍晚阶段,约数小时到数天,这给进行神经元保护提供了宝贵的时间。由此我们知道,如何调控细胞凋亡成为治疗缺血性脑血管病中一个非常重要的环节。除溶栓治疗外,目前尚无确切治疗脑梗死的措施,又因溶栓治疗由于受到有限时间窗的限制,在临床很难普遍应用。因此,寻找新的脑梗死防治方法已成为国内外学者研究的热点。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的在于提供一种用于治疗脑梗的复方药物,所述复方药物的组方特征遵循了回族医药独特的治疗体系,以芳香开窍、补肾益髓、活血化痰为主,切中脑梗死病后痰瘀互结、蒙蔽神窍病机,可促进脑缺血损伤后的神经修复,既可用于脑梗死急性期的治疗,降低患者死亡率和促进神志恢复,保护神经细胞受损;也可用于脑梗死恢复期和后遗症期,对患者的远期恢复具有促进作用。
本发明的第二目的在于提供一种所述的复方药物的制备方法,该制备方法简单易行,各项参数可控,可操作性强,在保持药效的前提下,易于工业化生产。
为了实现本发明的上述目的,特采用以下技术方案:
一种用于治疗脑梗的复方药物,复方药物为由原料药制成的药剂,原料药按重量份数计包括:
安息香1-3份、石菖蒲9-12份、海狗肾9-12份、菟丝子9-12份、茴香6-12份、怀牛膝18-24份、乳香6-12份、姜黄9-12份、细辛1-3份、当归9-12份、没药6-12份、红花6-12份、牡丹皮6-9份、水龙骨9-12份、芦荟9-12份、肉桂3-6份、以及白薇9-12份。
一种用于治疗脑梗的复方药物的制备方法:将原料药中的石菖蒲、海狗肾、菟丝子、茴香、怀牛膝、乳香、姜黄、细辛、当归、没药、红花、牡丹皮、水龙骨、芦荟、肉桂、以及白薇与水混合,水的体积是原料药总质量的9-11倍,浸泡40-80min后,加热煎煮,待煮沸后保持微沸状态煎煮20-40min,然后过滤得滤液,再冲溶安息香,即得汤剂。
一种用于治疗脑梗的复方药物的制备方法:将原料药中的各药材干燥粉碎至80-120目并混合得药粉;然后将药粉与药用辅料混合并制备成颗粒,其中药用辅料是药粉质量的30%-50%;然后将颗粒干燥,再将干燥后的颗粒压制成球形并干燥得丸剂。
一种用于治疗脑梗的复方药物的制备方法:将原料药中的各药材干燥粉碎至80-120目,混合得药粉,将药粉用醇溶液于60-80℃回流浸提1-3次,每次浸提1-3h,每次浸提后过滤,合并每次过滤所得的滤液并浓缩干燥,接着粉碎得细粉,然后将细粉与药用辅料混合后采用干法制粒制得颗粒剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)该复方药物的组方特征遵循了回族医药独特的治疗体系,以芳香开窍、补肾益髓、活血化痰为主,临床用药安全,切中脑梗死病后痰瘀互结、蒙蔽神窍病机,可促进脑缺血损伤后的神经修复。
(2)该复方药物中的药物组成分为三类,其作用包括芳香开窍、通腑化痰、补肾活血。其中芳香开窍药物具有开窍醒神、避秽化浊作用,可促进患者的神志苏醒,发挥这种药效的药物为安息香、细辛和石菖蒲;通腑化痰药物可减轻脑水肿、降低颅内压,减轻神经细胞损伤,发挥通肺功效的药物为芦荟,发挥化痰功效的药物为水龙骨和石菖蒲;补肾活血可改善神经细胞供血,促进神经干细胞增殖,以改善脑梗死的长期预后,发挥补肾功效的药物为海狗肾、菟丝子、茴香、肉桂和怀牛膝,发挥活血功效的药物为怀牛膝、乳香、当归、没药、红花、姜黄和牡丹皮。
(3)芳香开窍药具有芳香辟秽、开窍启闭、苏醒神志等功效,用于治疗中风邪蒙心窍、神志昏迷、半身不遂等病证。芳香开窍的回医香药具有有效成分脂溶性强、相对分子质量小、易挥发的特点,易快速透过血脑屏障进入脑组织,还可促进其他中枢治疗性药物透过血脑屏障,该类药物对脑组织的损害性小并且具有双向调节血脑屏障通透性的作用,对治疗脑部疾病的治疗有着重要意义。
(4)该复方药物遵循中医“君臣佐使”的组方原则,其中君药是安息香、石菖蒲;臣药是姜黄、细辛、海狗肾、菟丝子、茴香、怀牛膝、乳香、当归、没药、红花、以及牡丹皮;佐药是水龙骨和芦荟;使药是肉桂和白薇。
(5)该复方药物既可用于脑梗死急性期的治疗,降低患者死亡率和促进神志恢复,保护神经细胞受损;也可用于脑梗死恢复期和后遗症期,对患者的远期恢复具有促进作用。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限制本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
本发明提供一种用于治疗脑梗的复方药物,复方药物为由原料药制成的药剂,原料药按重量份数计包括:安息香1-3份、石菖蒲9-12份、海狗肾9-12份、菟丝子9-12份、茴香6-12份、怀牛膝18-24份、乳香6-12份、姜黄9-12份、细辛1-3份、当归9-12份、没药6-12份、红花6-12份、牡丹皮6-9份、水龙骨9-12份、芦荟9-12份、肉桂3-6份、以及白薇9-12份。
最为优选的,上述安息香为3份;石菖蒲为12份;海狗肾为12份;菟丝子为12份;茴香为12份;怀牛膝为24份;乳香为12份;姜黄为12份;细辛为3份;当归为12份;没药为12份;红花为12份;牡丹皮为9份;水龙骨为12份;芦荟为12份;肉桂为6份;以及白薇为12份。
该复方药物遵循中医“君臣佐使”的组方原则,其中君药是安息香、石菖蒲;臣药是姜黄、细辛、海狗肾、菟丝子、茴香、怀牛膝、乳香、当归、没药、红花、以及牡丹皮;佐药是水龙骨和芦荟;使药是肉桂和白薇。
该复方药物中的药物组成分为三类,其作用包括芳香开窍、通腑化痰、补肾活血。其中芳香开窍药物具有开窍醒神、避秽化浊作用,可促进患者的神志苏醒,发挥这种药效的药物为安息香、细辛和石菖蒲;通腑化痰药物可减轻脑水肿、降低颅内压,减轻神经细胞损伤,发挥通肺功效的药物为芦荟,发挥化痰功效的药物为水龙骨和石菖蒲;补肾活血可改善神经细胞供血,促进神经干细胞增殖,以改善脑梗死的长期预后,发挥补肾功效的药物为海狗肾、菟丝子、茴香、肉桂和怀牛膝,发挥活血功效的药物为怀牛膝、乳香、当归、没药、红花、姜黄和牡丹皮。
芳香开窍药具有芳香辟秽、开窍启闭、苏醒神志等功效,用于治疗中风邪蒙心窍、神志昏迷、半身不遂等病证。芳香开窍的回医香药具有有效成分脂溶性强、相对分子质量小、易挥发的特点,易快速透过血脑屏障进入脑组织,还可促进其他中枢治疗性药物透过血脑屏障,该类药物对脑组织的损害性小并且具有双向调节血脑屏障通透性的作用,对治疗脑部疾病的治疗有着重要意义。
该复方药物的组方特征遵循了回族医药独特的治疗体系,以芳香开窍、补肾益髓、活血化痰为主,临床用药安全,切中脑梗死病后痰瘀互结、蒙蔽神窍病机,可促进脑缺血损伤后的神经修复。既可用于脑梗死急性期的治疗,降低患者死亡率和促进神志恢复,保护神经细胞受损;也可用于脑梗死恢复期和后遗症期,对患者的远期恢复具有促进作用。
在本发明较佳的实施例中,上述药剂为汤剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、散剂、片剂或者胶囊剂。将药物组合物制成上述制剂,方便该药物组合物的存储、运输、以及便于患者服用。散剂、片剂或者胶囊剂这些都是常规的药物剂型,其生产工艺已经非常成熟了,本领域技术人员可参照常规生产方法进行制备。
本发明提供一种将上述复方药物制成汤剂的制备方法:将原料药中的石菖蒲、海狗肾、菟丝子、茴香、怀牛膝、乳香、姜黄、细辛、当归、没药、红花、牡丹皮、水龙骨、芦荟、肉桂、以及白薇与水混合,水的体积是原料药总质量的9-11倍,浸泡40-80min后,加热煎煮,待煮沸后保持微沸状态煎煮20-40min,然后过滤得滤液,再冲溶安息香,即得汤剂。
安息香气芳香、味微辛,具有开窍作用,可治疗猝然昏厥、牙关紧闭等闭脱之证,兼可行气活血。其药效成分多为易挥发的芳香性成分,在制备汤剂的过程中采用冲溶安息香的方式,使得安息香内的易挥发的药效成分最大限度的得到保留,从而使该复方药物的药效达到最大。
为了更大限度的熬出上述复方药物中的药效物质,在本发明较佳的实施例中,在水与原料药混合前,先将原料药中的各药材干燥粉碎至4-20目。粉碎后的各药材能够与水充分接触,从而有效物质的溶出率高。进一步优选的,在过滤后,经滤渣采用同样的方式再煎煮1-2次,合并滤液,即得。优选为药渣再煎煮1次。
本发明提供一种将上述复方药物制成丸剂的制备方法:
将原料药中的各药材干燥粉碎至80-120目,优选为100目,并混合得药粉;然后将药粉与药用辅料混合并制备成颗粒,其中药用辅料是药粉质量的30%-50%,优选为40%;然后将颗粒干燥,再将干燥后的颗粒压制成球形并干燥得丸剂。
在本发明较佳的实施例中,上述颗粒的粒度为8-10目,优选为9目。这种大小的颗粒更容易在压模内挤压成型,且药丸的大小和质量能够控制在一个可接受的相对小的偏差范围内。
本发明提供一种将上述复方药物制成颗粒剂的制备方法:将原料药中的各药材干燥粉碎至80-120目,优选为100目,混合得药粉,将药粉用醇溶液于60-80℃回流浸提1-3次,每次浸提1-3h,优选为将药粉用乙醇溶液于70℃回流浸提2次,每次浸提2h;每次浸提后过滤,合并每次过滤所得的滤液并浓缩干燥,接着粉碎得细粉,然后将细粉与药用辅料混合后采用干法制粒制得颗粒剂。
本发明中,上述药用辅料为润滑剂、稀释剂、崩解剂、粘合剂中的至少一种。润滑剂、稀释剂、崩解剂和粘合剂均为药用辅料。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种用于治疗脑梗的复方药物,该复方药物为由原料药制成的汤剂,原料药按重量份数计包括:安息香1g、石菖蒲9g、海狗肾9g、菟丝子9g、茴香6g、怀牛膝18g、乳香6g、姜黄9g、细辛1g、当归9g、没药6g、红花6g、牡丹皮6g、水龙骨9g、芦荟9g、肉桂3g、以及白薇9g。该汤剂的制备方法为:将除安息香以外的上述原料药与水混合,其中水的体积是原料药总质量的9-11倍,浸泡50-70min后,加热煎煮,待煮沸后保持微沸状态煎煮20-40min,然后过滤得滤液,再冲溶安息香,即得汤剂。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种用于治疗脑梗的复方药物,该复方药物为由原料药制成的丸剂,原料药按重量份数计包括:安息香2g、石菖蒲11g、海狗肾11g、菟丝子11g、茴香9g、怀牛膝20g、乳香9g、姜黄11g、细辛2g、当归11g、没药9g、红花9g、牡丹皮8g、水龙骨11g、芦荟11g、肉桂4g、以及白薇11g。
该丸剂的制备方法为:
将原料药中的各药材干燥粉碎至80目并混合得药粉;然后将药粉与药用辅料混合并制备成颗粒,其中药用辅料是药粉质量的50%;然后将颗粒干燥,再将干燥后的颗粒压制成球形并干燥得丸剂。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种用于治疗脑梗的复方药物,该复方药物为由原料药制成的汤剂,原料药按重量份数计包括:安息香3g、石菖蒲12g、海狗肾12g、菟丝子12g、茴香12g、怀牛膝24g、乳香12g、姜黄12g、细辛3g、当归12g、没药12g、红花12g、牡丹皮9g、水龙骨12g、芦荟12g、肉桂6g、以及白薇12g。
该汤剂的制备方法为:
将除安息香以外的原料药与水混合,其中水的体积是原料药总质量的10倍,浸泡60min后,加热煎煮,待煮沸后保持微沸状态煎煮30min,然后过滤得滤液,再冲溶安息香,即得汤剂。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种用于治疗脑梗的复方药物,该复方药物为由原料药制成的丸剂,本实施例中的原料药的组成与实施例3一致。
该丸剂的制备方法为:
将原料药中的各药材干燥粉碎至120目并混合得药粉;然后将药粉与药用辅料混合并制备成颗粒,其中药用辅料是药粉质量的50%,颗粒的粒度为8-10目;然后将颗粒干燥,再将干燥后的颗粒压制成球形并干燥得丸剂。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种用于治疗脑梗的复方药物,该复方药物为由原料药制成的颗粒剂,本实施例中的原料药的组成与实施例3一致。
该颗粒剂的制备方法为:
将原料药中的各药材干燥粉碎至80-120目,混合得药粉,将药粉用醇溶液于60-80℃回流浸提1-3次,每次浸提1-3h,每次浸提后过滤,合并每次过滤所得的滤液并浓缩干燥,接着粉碎得细粉,然后将细粉与药用辅料混合后采用干法制粒制得颗粒剂。
对照例1
本对照例提供一种复方药物,该复方药物为由原料药制成的汤剂,原料药按重量份数计包括:其中该汤剂的制备方法与实施例3一致:
安息香3g、石菖蒲12g、海狗肾12g、菟丝子12g、茴香12g、怀牛膝24g、乳香12g、当归12g、没药12g、红花12g、牡丹皮9g、芦荟12g、以及肉桂6g。
对照例2
本对照例提供一种复方药物,该复方药物为由原料药制成的汤剂,原料药按重量份数计包括:其中该汤剂的制备方法与实施例3一致:
安息香3g、石菖蒲12g、海狗肾12g、菟丝子12g、茴香12g、怀牛膝24g、乳香12g、当归12g、没药12g、红花12g、牡丹皮9g、水龙骨12g、芦荟12g、肉桂6g、巴豆0.5g、蒺藜3g、马兜铃2g、石蟊2g。
试验例
一、试验方案
1.病例选择
全部病例来源于宁夏医科大学附属回医中医医院、固原市人民医院2014.6~2015.6确诊为脑梗死,符合纳入、排除等标准,发病在四周以内的住院患者为研究对象。
2.病例入选标准
中风病诊断标准:西医诊断参照1995年中华医学会第四届全国脑血管病学术会议通过的《各类脑血管疾病诊断要点》;中医诊断标准参照中华人民共和国行业标准和国家中医药管理局脑病急症科研协作组起草制订的《中风病诊断与疗效评定标准》(1995年试行)。
入选病例共84例,其中男49例,女35例,年龄39-75岁,随机分中药治疗1组21例(服用实施例3的汤剂,以下称试验1组),中药治疗2组21例(服用对照例1的汤剂,以下称试验2组),中药治疗3组21例(服用对照例2的汤剂,以下称试验3组),西药对照组21例(服用尼莫地平片,以下称对照组),四组年龄、性别、病情程度、既往史积分、伴发病积分及神经功能缺损评分、日常生活能力积分等,经统计学处理均无显著性差异(P>0.05),具有可比性。
该试验中,试验药物为重要汤剂,其剂型、颜色、口味及服用方法与对照组尼莫地平片的包装、剂型、服法均难以达到一致协调,即使采取一些诸如浓缩,炼蜜为丸等措施,依然难以做到真正意义上的双盲。故对该试验难以进行双盲设计而采用单盲设计,即对受试者设盲,对研究者不设盲的试验设计。
3.治疗方案
常规内科治疗:参考2010年中华医学会神经病学分会脑血管病学组急性缺血性脑卒中诊治指南”,针对基础内科病如高血压、冠心病、糖尿病等,以及呼吸系统感染、泌尿系统感染、肠炎等并发症,给予相应的内科常规处理。两组均同时应用神经细胞活化剂胞二磷胆碱、脑活素等,并根据病情及合并症酌情加用脱水剂、降血糖药、调脂药或降血压药。
3个试验组均在西药基础治疗上,加用实施例3或对照例1和2中的汤剂400ml,分2次温服。其中植物药材和汤药的制备均由宁夏医科大学附属回医中医医院制剂室购置和煎熬加工,符合制剂质量标准。每剂规格为200ml/袋,口服,2次/d,饭后1-2小时服。
对照组在西药基础治疗上加服尼莫地平片(拜耳医药保健有限公司提供,30mg/片,批号:H20003010),一次30mg,一日2次,早8晚8时服
以上4组均治疗4周,并观察治疗前及治疗后28天时各项指标的变化,治疗结束后随访2次,分别在3、6个月时。
3.疗效评价标准
神经功能缺损疗效评定标准(全国第四次脑血管病学术会议标准)
(1)神经功能缺损积分值减少(功能改善):
综合治疗指数=(治疗前积分-治疗后积分)÷治疗前积分×100%
(2)神经功能缺损积分疗效评定分级标准
基本痊愈:功能缺损评分减少91%~100%,病残程度为0级;
显著进步:功能缺损评分减少46%~90%,病残程度为1~3级;
进步:功能缺损评分减少18%~45%;
无变化:功能缺损评分减少17%以下;
恶化:功能缺损评分减少或增多18%以上;
死亡。
4.统计方法
各组应用统一的神经功能评分调查表和调查评估方式。统计学处理方法:所有数据均输入计算机,用SPSS13.5版统计软件进行分析,计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用χ2检验,等级资料比较采用Radit分析,所有计量资料均采用X±S(均数±标准差)表示。P为双侧检验,P<0.05为有显著性差异,P>0.05为无显著性差异。
二、试验结果
1.临床总有效率比较
患者临床疗效评定:按照全国第4届脑血管病学术会议通过的“中国脑卒中临床神经功能缺损程度评分量表(1995)”临床疗效评定标准评价治疗前后患者神经功能缺损程度积分的变化。四组在治疗28天后进行疗效结果评定,结果如下:
表1四组病例临床总有效率比较
试验1组的21例病例中,临床治愈5例,显著进步8例,进步6例,无效2例,总有效率为88.09%,治疗前后差别具有显著意义(P<0.01);试验2组的21例病例中,临床治愈3例,显著进步5例,进步8例,无效5例,总有效率为70.16%,治疗前后差别具有显著意义(P<0.05);试验3组的21例病例中,临床治愈1例,显著进步3例,进步7例,无效10例,总有效率为53.42%;试验1组的21例病例中,临床治愈3例,显著进步6例,进步7例,无效5例,总有效率为69.05%,治疗前后差别具有显著意义(P<0.05);试验1组和试验2组治疗后经χ2检验,差别具有显著意义(x2=4.52,P<0.05),n=21,且试验1组临床疗效高于试验2组。
2.治疗前后神经功能缺损评分
表2治疗前后神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)比较(n=21)
试验1组治疗前后经t检验,t=5.16,p=0.001<0.01,差异有非常显著性,说明试验1组神经功能缺损得到显著改善。
试验1组与对照组比较:▲P<0.05,▲▲P<0.01。治疗后试验1组与对照组之间比较经t检验,t=2.16,p=0.035<0.05,差异有显著性,说明试验1组在神经功能缺损积分的改善方面优于对照组。而试验2组与对照组之间经t检验,t=0.79,p=0.38>0.05,说明差异无显著性。由此说明试验1组在神经功能缺损积分的改善方面优于试验2组,更加优于试验3组。
3.治疗前后四组病例日常生活能力(ADL)状态积分比较
表3治疗前后四组病例日常生活能力状态积分比较(n=21)
试验1组与对照组比较▲▲P<0.01,差异有非常显著性,说明试验1组中病例的日常生活能力得到显著改善。而试验2组与对照组比较,p=0.43>0.05,说明差异无显著性。由此说明试验1组中病例的日常生活能力的改善方面优于试验2组,更加优于试验3组。
4.心电图检查
四组患者治疗前后心电图检查,未见明显变化。
综上所述,该复方药物的组方特征遵循了回族医药独特的治疗体系,以芳香开窍、补肾益髓、活血化痰为主,临床用药安全,切中脑梗死病后痰瘀互结、蒙蔽神窍病机,可促进脑缺血损伤后的神经修复。该复方药物既可用于脑梗死急性期的治疗,降低患者死亡率和促进神志恢复,保护神经细胞受损;也可用于脑梗死恢复期和后遗症期,对患者的远期恢复具有促进作用。
尽管已用具体实施例来说明和描述了本发明,然而应意识到,在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下可以作出许多其它的更改和修改。因此,这意味着在所附权利要求中包括属于本发明范围内的所有这些变化和修改。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于治疗脑梗的复方药物,其特征在于,所述复方药物为由原料药制成的药剂,所述原料药按重量份数计包括:
安息香1-3份、石菖蒲9-12份、海狗肾9-12份、菟丝子9-12份、茴香6-12份、怀牛膝18-24份、乳香6-12份、姜黄9-12份、细辛1-3份、当归9-12份、没药6-12份、红花6-12份、牡丹皮6-9份、水龙骨9-12份、芦荟9-12份、肉桂3-6份、以及白薇9-12份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于治疗脑梗的复方药物,其特征在于,所述安息香为3份;所述石菖蒲为12份;所述海狗肾为12份;所述菟丝子为12份;所述茴香为12份;所述怀牛膝为24份;所述乳香为12份;所述姜黄为12份;所述细辛为3份;所述当归为12份;所述没药为12份;所述红花为12份;所述牡丹皮为9份;所述水龙骨为12份;所述芦荟为12份;所述肉桂为6份;以及所述白薇为12份。
3.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的用于治疗脑梗的复方药物,其特征在于,所述药剂为汤剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、散剂、片剂或者胶囊剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用于治疗脑梗的复方药物的制备方法,其特征在于,将所述原料药中的所述石菖蒲、所述海狗肾、所述菟丝子、所述茴香、所述怀牛膝、所述乳香、所述姜黄、所述细辛、所述当归、所述没药、所述红花、所述牡丹皮、所述水龙骨、所述芦荟、所述肉桂、以及所述白薇与水混合,所述水的体积是所述原料药总质量的9-11倍,浸泡40-80min后,加热煎煮,待煮沸后保持微沸状态煎煮20-40min,然后过滤得滤液,再冲溶所述安息香,即得所述汤剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于治疗脑梗的复方药物的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述水与所述原料药混合前,先将所述原料药中的各药材干燥粉碎至4-20目。
6.根据权利要求3所述的用于治疗脑梗的复方药物的制备方法,其特征在于,将所述原料药中的各药材干燥粉碎至80-120目并混合得药粉;然后将所述药粉与药用辅料混合并制备成颗粒,其中所述药用辅料是所述药粉质量的30%-50%;然后将所述颗粒干燥,再将干燥后的所述颗粒压制成球形并干燥得所述丸剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用于治疗脑梗的复方药物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述颗粒的粒度为8-10目。
8.根据权利要求3所述的用于治疗脑梗的复方药物的制备方法,其特征在于,将所述原料药中的各药材干燥粉碎至80-120目,混合得药粉,将所述药粉用醇溶液于60-80℃回流浸提1-3次,每次浸提1-3h,每次浸提后过滤,合并每次过滤所得的滤液并浓缩干燥,接着粉碎得细粉,然后将细粉与药用辅料混合后采用干法制粒制得所述颗粒剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用于治疗脑梗的复方药物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述醇溶液为70%的乙醇溶液。
10.根据权利要求6或8所述的用于治疗脑梗的复方药物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述药用辅料为润滑剂、稀释剂、崩解剂、粘合剂中的至少一种。
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