CN106107944A - 以火龙果皮为培养基制备一种桑黄菌丝体 - Google Patents
以火龙果皮为培养基制备一种桑黄菌丝体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
以火龙果皮为培养基制备一种桑黄菌丝体,是用火龙果皮为主要原料来做培养基,将培养基灭菌后接入桑黄菌种,接着培育至菌丝长满培养基,然后将长满桑黄菌丝的培养基晒干,最后粉碎得到一种火龙果皮桑黄菌丝体。通过实施本发明,用生物技术把火龙果皮和桑黄组成另一个特色的结合体——火龙果皮桑黄菌丝体,同时综合了火龙果皮和桑黄的养分和作用功效,使其营养、功能及功效会更加突出,而且其保健及防病、治病等效果会更显著。同时,火龙果皮桑黄菌丝体的生产制备工艺,具有培育周期短、生产制备工艺简单、产品的生产效率高及稳定等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物技术领域,具体涉及到以火龙果皮为培养基制备一种桑黄菌丝体。
背景技术
火龙果(拉丁文名:Hylocereus undulatus Britt),又称红龙果、龙珠果、仙蜜果、玉龙果。仙人掌科、量天尺属植物。火龙果营养丰富、功能独特,它含有一般植物少有的植物性白蛋白以及花青素,丰富的维生素和水溶性膳食纤维。火龙果属于凉性水果,在自然状态下,果实于夏秋成熟,味甜,多汁。
火龙果不仅味道香甜,还具有很高的营养价值,它集于水果、花蕾、蔬菜、医药优点于一身。不但营养丰富、功能独特,很少有病虫害,几乎不使用任何农药都可以正常生长。因此,火龙果是一种绿色、环保果品和具有必定疗效的保健养分食品。每一百克火龙果果肉中,含水分83.75克、灰分0.34克、粗脂肪0.17克、粗蛋白0.62克、粗纤维1.21克、碳水化合物13.91克、热量59.65千卡、膳食纤维1.62克、维生素C5.22毫克、果糖2.83克、葡萄糖7.83克、钙6.3-8.8毫克、磷30.2-36.1毫克、铁0.55~0.65毫克和大量花青素(红肉果品种最丰)、水溶性膳食蛋白、植物白蛋白等。富含大量果肉纤维,有丰富的胡萝卜素,维他命B1、B2、B3、B12、C等,果核内 (黑色芝麻之种子) 更含有丰富的钙、磷、铁等矿物质及各种酶、白蛋白、纤维质及高浓度天然色素花青素(尤以红肉为最),花、茎及嫩芽更有如其近亲 (芦荟) 之各种功效。
火龙果的果皮含有非常珍贵的营养物质——花青素。花青素是一种强力的抗氧化剂,强于胡萝卜素10倍以上,且能在人体血液中保存活性75小时。它能够保护人体免受有害物质——自由基的损伤,有助于预防多种与自由基有关的疾病。花青素能够增强血管弹性,保护动脉血管内壁;降低血压;增进皮肤的光滑度,美颜肌肤;抑制炎症和过敏,改善关节的柔韧性,预防关节炎;可以促进视网膜细胞中的视紫质再生,改善视力;还具有抗辐射的作用等。花青素从许多方面维护人体的健康带来多种益处。所以,在吃火龙果的时候,尽量不要丢弃内层的粉红色果皮。因花青素对温度敏感,应生食为佳。可以用小刀刮下直接生吃,或切成细条凉拌,榨汁食用也是不错的选择。
除了花青素,火龙果的果皮还含有一般植物少有的植物性白蛋白及丰富的维生素和水溶性膳食纤维。白蛋白是具黏性、胶质性的物质,对重金属中毒具有解毒的功效。由于工业废水、废弃物处理回收未获重视,以致各种水资源受到了严重重金属污染,除了直接饮用水中毒外,人类摄人食品重金属含量超标也易中毒。而白蛋白在人体内遇到重金属离子时,会自动与重金属离子结合,由排泄系统排除体外,起到解毒的作用。因此,食用含白蛋白丰富的火龙果,可避免重金属离子的吸收而中毒。白蛋白对胃壁还有保护作用。
当前,火龙果的果皮无任何利用,只是当做废弃物来处理,不但浪费资源,而且污染环境。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供全新的以火龙果皮为培养基制备一种桑黄菌丝体。具体包括:该菌丝体是用火龙果皮为主要原料来做培养基,将培养基灭菌后接入桑黄菌种,接着培育至菌丝长满培养基,然后将长满桑黄菌丝的培养基晒干,最后粉碎得到一种火龙果皮桑黄菌丝体。
桑黄是珍稀药用真菌,其子实体可入药。它主要寄生于桑、杨、柳、桦、桃等阔叶树的枯立木及立木上及树干上,其主要功能为抗癌,抗纤维化,抗氧化,其治疗癌症的有效率达90%以上。桑黄在生物抗癌领域被国际公认为最具抗癌功效的真菌,其在抗癌领域中有效率排名第一,是国际医药界与保健品行业抗癌产品生产原料。这味古老的中药,名气远不如冬虫夏草,可是它的功效却不比冬虫夏草差。目前,国际公认的生物桑黄多糖是从桑黄的菌丝体、子实体中提取具有生物活性的多糖类物质。研究证实,桑黄多糖具有明显免疫调节、抗癌抗肿瘤、抗氧化、降低血糖、保护肝脏等作用。
而当前制约着桑黄进一步开发和利用的因素主要有:(1)桑黄野生资源日益匮乏,野生桑黄资源难以恢复,致使桑黄子实体无法大量形成;(2)桑黄对环境敏感,生长期长,人工栽培难度较大。为了解决了因为野生桑黄资源的不足及人工栽培难度大导致桑黄子实体无法大量产出继而影响桑黄药源的应用问题;经过科研人员不断的研究,现在通过生物深层发酵技术开发出全新的一种桑黄产品——桑黄菌丝体。研究表明,桑黄菌丝体的有效成分和子实体一样。通过生物深层发酵技术生产桑黄菌丝体,其生产周期短、工艺简单、生产效率高及稳定等特点,是人工培养桑黄产品的主要发展方向。目前生产桑黄菌丝体所用的原料主要为粮食精料,如玉米粉、黄豆粉等,在此原料基础上添加些无机盐元素为碳、氮源,继而培养出优质价廉的桑黄菌丝体。
从相关报道中获悉,以桑黄子实体的提取物或浸出液加工成饮料、食品或药品。还开发出各种桑黄子实体经破壁后加工成超微粉末胶囊类口服产品、桑黄人工菌丝体培养物等。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
以火龙果皮为培养基制备一种桑黄菌丝体,技术方案中在于:该菌丝体是用火龙果皮为主要原料来做培养基,将培养基灭菌后接入桑黄菌种,接着培育至菌丝长满培养基,然后将长满桑黄菌丝的培养基晒干,最后粉碎得到一种火龙果皮桑黄菌丝体。
具体包括如下步骤:
1、火龙果皮采集及处理:采集无病虫害、无杂质、新鲜的火龙果皮为原料,接着将火龙果皮粉碎成为直径是1-2厘米的片段,然后再把火龙果皮粉碎物通过晒或哄干至物料含水量低于8%备用。
2、制备培养基:培养基是由92%的火龙果皮粉碎物和8%的玉米粉组成,先将火龙果皮粉碎物浸泡于5%的葡萄糖水之中,持续浸泡3-5个小时后捞出并沥干水分,玉米粉也用5%的葡萄糖水调至湿度含量为55-60%,然后再把火龙果皮粉碎物和玉米粉混合起来并搅拌均匀得混合物料,把混合物料分装于培养容器内,装入量为混合物料在培养容器内的厚度是2-3cm,最后按照常规方法灭菌后得生产用培养基。
3、接种:在无菌环境下把桑黄菌种接入生产用培养基中,接入固体桑黄菌种时,要接入6-8的点的固体菌种,接入桑黄液体菌种时,要接入以培养基重量是10-12%的液体菌种。
4、培菌:将接好种的培养基移到培养室进行避光培养,在温度是20~23℃、相对湿度为60~65%的环境下培养至菌丝长满培养基。
5、晒干:在温度低于50度的环境下将长满菌丝的培养基晒至物料含水量低于8%。
6、成品:将晒干的培养基粉碎至能过120-200目得成品火龙果皮桑黄菌丝体。
本发明既有如下优点:
1、本发明所提出以火龙果皮为培养基制备一种桑黄菌丝体的方法构思新颖,生产工艺简单、容易实施。
2、通过实施本发明,用生物技术把火龙果皮和桑黄组成另一个特色的结合体——火龙果皮桑黄菌丝体,同时综合了火龙果皮和桑黄的养分和作用功效,使其营养、功能及功效会更加突出,而且其保健及防病、治病等效果会更显著。
3、通过实施本发明,最终产品——火龙果皮桑黄菌丝体的生产制备工艺,具有培育周期短、生产制备工艺简单、产品的生产效率高及稳定等特点。
4、通过实施本发明,形成的火龙果皮桑黄菌丝体用途广泛,可以作为制备成药品、保健品、特色食品添加剂的原料。亦可分装于胶囊中成为一种特色和保健食药品。不但有非常好的市场前景,而且产生的经济效益亦会非常显著。
5、本发明制作出来的产品形态理想,产品很好地保留了火龙果皮原有的营养和功能成分,增强了特殊功能;改变了目前火龙果皮没有加工产品的现状,解决了火龙果皮的产后出路,并带动火龙果相关产业的发展,形成新的经济增长点,具有巨大的经济效益和社会效益。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的方法进一步说明。
以火龙果皮为培养基制备一种桑黄菌丝体,技术方案中在于:该菌丝体是用火龙果皮为主要原料来做培养基,将培养基灭菌后接入桑黄菌种,接着培育至菌丝长满培养基,然后将长满桑黄菌丝的培养基晒干,最后粉碎得到一种火龙果皮桑黄菌丝体。
具体实施方式如下:
1、火龙果皮采集及处理:采集无病虫害、无杂质、新鲜的火龙果皮为原料,接着将火龙果皮粉碎成为直径是1-2厘米的片段,然后再把火龙果皮粉碎物通过晒或哄干至物料含水量低于8%备用。
2、制备培养基:培养基是由92%的火龙果皮粉碎物和8%的玉米粉组成,先将火龙果皮粉碎物浸泡于5%的葡萄糖水之中,持续浸泡3-5个小时后捞出并沥干水分,玉米粉也用5%的葡萄糖水调至湿度含量为55-60%,然后再把火龙果皮粉碎物和玉米粉混合起来并搅拌均匀得混合物料,把混合物料分装于培养容器内,装入量为混合物料在培养容器内的厚度是2-3cm,最后按照常规方法灭菌后得生产用培养基。
3、接种:在无菌环境下把桑黄菌种接入生产用培养基中,接入固体桑黄菌种时,要接入6-8的点的固体菌种,接入桑黄液体菌种时,要接入以培养基重量是10-12%的液体菌种。
4、培菌:将接好种的培养基移到培养室进行避光培养,在温度是20~23℃、相对湿度为60~65%的环境下培养至菌丝长满培养基。
5、晒干:在温度低于50度的环境下将长满菌丝的培养基晒至物料含水量低于8%。
6、成品:将晒干的培养基粉碎至能过120-200目得成品火龙果皮桑黄菌丝体。
Claims (1)
1.以火龙果皮为培养基制备一种桑黄菌丝体,其特征在于:该菌丝体是用火龙果皮为主要原料来做培养基,将培养基灭菌后接入桑黄菌种,接着培育至菌丝长满培养基,然后将长满桑黄菌丝的培养基晒干,最后粉碎得到一种火龙果皮桑黄菌丝体;
具体包括如下步骤:
(1)火龙果皮采集及处理:采集无病虫害、无杂质、新鲜的火龙果皮为原料,接着将火龙果皮粉碎成为直径是1-2厘米的片段,然后再把火龙果皮粉碎物通过晒或哄干至物料含水量低于8%备用;
(2)制备培养基:培养基是由92%的火龙果皮粉碎物和8%的玉米粉组成,先将火龙果皮粉碎物浸泡于5%的葡萄糖水之中,持续浸泡3-5个小时后捞出并沥干水分,玉米粉也用5%的葡萄糖水调至湿度含量为55-60%,然后再把火龙果皮粉碎物和玉米粉混合起来并搅拌均匀得混合物料,把混合物料分装于培养容器内,装入量为混合物料在培养容器内的厚度是2-3cm,最后按照常规方法灭菌后得生产用培养基;
(3)接种:在无菌环境下把桑黄菌种接入生产用培养基中,接入固体桑黄菌种时,要接入6-8的点的固体菌种,接入桑黄液体菌种时,要接入以培养基重量是10-12%的液体菌种;
(4)培菌:将接好种的培养基移到培养室进行避光培养,在温度是20~23℃、相对湿度为60~65%的环境下培养至菌丝长满培养基;
(5)晒干:在温度低于50度的环境下将长满菌丝的培养基晒至物料含水量低于8%;
(6)成品:将晒干的培养基粉碎至能过120-200目得成品火龙果皮桑黄菌丝体。
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