CN106094021B - A kind of microseism focus method for rapidly positioning based on arrival time difference database - Google Patents

A kind of microseism focus method for rapidly positioning based on arrival time difference database Download PDF

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CN106094021B
CN106094021B CN201610382193.0A CN201610382193A CN106094021B CN 106094021 B CN106094021 B CN 106094021B CN 201610382193 A CN201610382193 A CN 201610382193A CN 106094021 B CN106094021 B CN 106094021B
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time difference
arrival time
focus
focal point
sensor
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CN106094021A (en
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吴顺川
黄小庆
陈子健
许学良
张诗淮
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G01V1/288—Event detection in seismic signals, e.g. microseismics
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/65—Source localisation, e.g. faults, hypocenters or reservoirs

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of microseism focus method for rapidly positioning based on arrival time difference database, belongs to vibroseis positioning techniques field.This method establishes geology numerical model to monitored area, and carries out mesh generation, and each mesh point can regard feature focal point as；Binding characteristic focal point, sensor location coordinates and focus ripple velocity of wave can establish feature focal point arrival time difference database；Using shape information acquisition system, the waveform signal extraction focus ripple received to sensor reaches the then time of each sensor；The arrival time difference of any two sensorses is calculated, establishes the arrival time difference matrix of focus, and matching search is carried out with feature focal point arrival time difference database, focus can be positioned real-time.In actual micro seismic monitoring engineering, feature focal point arrival time difference database is established in advance, without carrying out function optimization iterative to focus, therefore is dramatically reduced seismic source location required time, can effectively be reduced rock mass engineering project dynamic disaster pre-warning time.

Description

A kind of microseism focus method for rapidly positioning based on arrival time difference database
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of microseism seismic source location method, especially a kind of microseism shake based on arrival time difference database Source method for rapidly positioning.
Background technology
In the rock mass engineering projects such as mining, tunnel piercing, mining work activities can cause the deformation or rupture of regional area in rock mass, together When discharged rapidly along with strain energy and produce Elastic wave, this phenomenon is referred to as microseism.Because microseism is rock mass Deformation, the attendant phenomenon of crack initiation and expansion process, the mechanical behavior of it and surrounding rock structure have close correlation, because This, contains the useful letter largely on force-bearing of surrounding rock mass destruction and Geological Defects activation process in microseism source signal Breath, can infer the mechanical behavior of rock material accordingly, and whether prediction surrounding rock structure destroys.Calamity is caused to country rock far field in recent years The On Microseismic Monitoring Technique that Dynamic Loading carries out Monitoring and forecasting system in real-time is widely used to rock mass engineering project field, and it is to rock burst, impact One of maximally effective monitoring method of the hazard predictions such as ground is pressed and goaf is collapsed forecast.Microseism seismic source location is micro seismic monitoring The core of technology, can fast, accurately be positioned be key that Microseismic monitoring system can play a role.
In the rock mass engineering field such as mining, tunnel piercing, because the dynamic disasters such as bump, rock burst have it is sudden, Though disaster has certain sign before occurring, often due to lacking efficient microseism localization method, cause Microseismic monitoring system Disaster alarm lags, and operating personnel and equipment have little time to withdraw working face, and heavy losses are caused to personnel's lives and properties.
Traditional microseism localization method is related to the optimal value problem of iterative function mostly, but in the huge feelings of data volume Under condition, iterative process can waste the dynamic disaster prediction and warning time of a large amount of preciousnesses, therefore quick, the accurate solution to focus is The striving direction of microseism location algorithm.Based on this, the present invention proposes that a kind of microseism focus based on arrival time difference database is quick Localization method, and it is bigger with mesh generation density, positioning result is more accurate.
The content of the invention
It is to solve the above problems, quickly fixed it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of microseism focus based on arrival time difference database Position method, by carrying out numerical modeling and mesh generation to monitored area in advance, feature focal point arrival time difference database is established, profit Actual focus is positioned with the Rapid matching feature of database, while by improving mesh generation density, can reach it is quick, Pinpoint purpose.
The inventive method concretely comprises the following steps：
A. sensor, T are laid in area to be monitoredi(i=1,2 ..., n) represent i-th of sensor, its position coordinates can It is expressed as (xi,yi,zi)；
B. numerical modeling is carried out to area to be monitored, and carries out mesh generation, using each grid node as representing the position The feature focal point P puti(i=1,2 ..., n), its position coordinates is (xoi,yoi,zoi)；
C. each feature focal point P is calculatediArrival time difference matrix Nkij, establish arrival time difference database；
1. under processing condition, single features focal point PiArrival time difference Matrix Solving principle is as follows：
Assuming that focus velocity of wave propagation is v, Li(i=1,2 ..., n) it is sensor TiTo feature focal point PiDistance； ti(i=1,2 ..., n) it is that shock wave reaches sensor TiAt the time of, t0It is characterized focal point PiAt the time of focus produces, then：
Then focus ripple reaches two any different sensors TiAnd TjArrival time difference matrix element Δ tijIt is represented by：
2. under anisotropy heterogeneous conditions, single features focal point PiThe solution of arrival time difference matrix is calculated based on ray tracing Method, principle are as follows：
By feature focal point PiThe focus ripple sent is separated into some sections of ray, and the track of each section of ray is tired out with when walking Add, draw radiation profile and the temporal information of each sensor of arrival in anisotropy nonisotropic medium.Known features focal point Pi, sensor TiIn the case of position coordinates and zone velocity structural model, the ray path of focus can be unique by ray parameter p It is determined that：
In formula：Δ is epicentral distance (horizontal range between 2 points of feature focal point and sensor), p=sin θk/vkIt is to penetrate Line parameter；vk, θk, hk,Speed, incidence angle, actual thickness and the equivalent thickness of kth layer are represented respectively；L, s, zsRepresent respectively The number of plies and its depth where the total number of plies of model, feature focal point.
After trying to achieve parameter p, it may be determined that feature focal point PiWith sensor TiThe propagation trajectories of point-to-point transmission, then focus ripple is from spy Levy focal point PiReach sensor TiBe then：
Then focus ripple reaches two any different sensors TiAnd TjArrival time difference matrix element Δ tijIt is represented by：
Δtij=ti-tj；
3. arrival time difference database to establish principle as follows：
Known sensor TiCoordinate (xi,yi,zi) and feature focal point PiCoordinate (xoi,yoi,zoi), try to achieve each feature shake Arrival time difference Δ t of the source point to two any sensorsij, form arrival time difference matrix NKij.In the case where there is n sensor, Mei Gete Sign focal point can obtain altogetherIndividual arrival time difference, and form one and includeThe arrival time difference matrix N of individual dataKij.Then will be each special Focal point information and its corresponding arrival time difference matrix input database are levied, arrival time difference database can be established.
D. shape information acquisition system is utilized, the waveform signal extraction focus ripple received to sensor reaches each sensing The then time of device；
E. the arrival time difference of any two sensorses is calculated, establishes focus (xo,yo,zo) arrival time difference matrix, and with feature focus Point arrival time difference database carries out matching search, and focus is positioned real-time.
Wherein, numerical modeling is based on area to be monitored geological exploration data and zone velocity structural model, grid in step b It is directly proportional to seismic source location precision to divide density, division density is bigger, and positioning precision is higher.
It is anisotropy heterogeneous body model (including isotropism homogeneous body Model) that numerical model is built in step b, quilt Monitored area geological exploration data and zone velocity structural model are more detailed, then model is more accurate, and seismic source location precision is higher.
Wherein, the matching of focus arrival time difference matrix and feature focal point arrival time difference database is searched for using similarity mode Method, the high feature focal point of similarity are believed that the physical location of the focus.
The above-mentioned technical proposal of the present invention has the beneficial effect that：
The characteristics of present invention is based on the search of database Rapid matching, in actual micro seismic monitoring engineering, establishes feature in advance Focal point arrival time difference database, without carrying out function optimization iterative to focus, therefore dramatically reduce needed for seismic source location Time, meanwhile, bigger with mesh generation density, positioning precision is higher, therefore when can effectively reduce rock mass engineering project dynamic disaster early warning Between, provide certain effective and safe guarantee to staff and equipment.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the microseism focus method for rapidly positioning embodiment model schematic of the invention based on arrival time difference database；
Fig. 2 is the cube model that mesh-density is 8m × 8m × 8m；
Fig. 3 is certain actual measurement source wave form signal graph；
Fig. 4 is position error comparison diagram under different mesh-densities；
Fig. 5 is that conventional mesh searching algorithm calculates time-consuming comparison diagram with the inventive method under different mesh-densities.
Embodiment
To make technical scheme and advantage clearer, carry out below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments detailed Explanation.
(1) it is checking effectiveness of the invention, is illustrated exemplified by under processing condition, wherein the solution of heterogeneous conditions Principle is same.Design verification model is as shown in figure 1, be a uniform soft soil base, it is assumed that there are 8 sensors As, B, C, D, E, F, G, H is respectively arranged in eight vertex positions of cube, simulation actual measurement focus I, J, K, L, M, N, O, the P various point locations coordinate such as He of table 1 Shown in table 2.
Table 1
Sensor X/m Y/m Z/m
A 0 0 0
B 0 8 0
C 8 8 0
D 8 0 0
E 0 0 8
F 0 8 8
G 8 8 8
H 8 0 8
Table 2
Survey focus X/m Y/m Z/m
I 1.1231 2.3546 3.2458
J 4.3256 2.3654 7.1254
K 7.2158 6.3478 5.1864
L 2.2541 4.1267 7.2541
M 6.3214 4.2589 7.1568
N 5.3698 7.1256 1.5894
(2) numerical modeling is carried out to micro seismic monitoring region, and carries out mesh generation.
As shown in Fig. 2 model partition mesh-density is 8m × 8m × 8m, totally 512 feature focal points, can calculate each spy Levy the position coordinates and the distance between feature focal point and sensor of focal point.Spy can be tried to achieve based on information above and velocity of wave v The focus ripple for levying focal point reaches the time of each sensor.
(3) the arrival time difference matrix of each feature focal point is calculated, establishes arrival time difference database.
In the case where there is 8 sensors, each feature focal point can obtain altogetherIndividual arrival time difference, and form one Include the arrival time difference matrix N of 56 dataKij, for representing the then information of this feature focal point.With feature focal point (1m, 2m, 3m) exemplified by, its arrival time difference matrix is as shown in table 3.
Table 3
The construction method of feature based focal point (1m, 2m, 3m), the arrival time difference of 512 feature focal points in computation model Matrix is simultaneously saved it in database, so as to establish a feature focal point arrival time difference database.
(4) shape information acquisition system is utilized, the waveform signal extraction focus ripple received to sensor reaches each biography The then time of sensor.
Certain actual measurement source wave form signal graph is illustrated in figure 3, is desired to make money or profit based on this with then picking algorithm such as length hourly value The then time that focus ripple reaches each sensor can be automatically extracted than method, AIC methods etc..
(5) arrival time difference of any two sensorses is calculated, establishes the arrival time difference matrix of actual measurement focus, and is arrived with feature focal point Time difference data storehouse carries out matching search, and actual measurement focus is positioned real-time.
Same step (3), each actual measurement focal point arrival time difference matrix can be tried to achieve, and utilize similarity mode algorithm by itself and feature Focal point arrival time difference database carries out matching search, can quickly seek its position coordinates.
Under different mesh-densities, as shown in figure 4, increasing with mesh-density, positioning precision shows the inventive method position error Write lifting.Under different mesh-densities, conventional mesh searching algorithm calculates time-consuming contrast as shown in figure 5, by Fig. 5 with the inventive method Understand, the inventive method computational efficiency is high, and as mesh-density increases, can greatly reduce the time used in seismic source location.
In summary, in practical engineering application, to ensure the requirement of location accuracy, it is close grid search will necessarily to be increased Degree, now the inventive method can increase substantially microseism seismic source location efficiency, so as to cause the timely of calamity Dynamic Loading for rock mass engineering project Prediction provides technical support.
Described above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art For, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications It should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

  1. A kind of 1. microseism focus method for rapidly positioning based on arrival time difference database, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
    A. sensor, T are laid in area to be monitoredi(i=1,2 ..., n) represents i-th of sensor, and its position coordinates can represent For (xi,yi,zi)；
    B. numerical modeling is carried out to area to be monitored, and carries out mesh generation, using each grid node as representing the position Feature focal point Pi(i=1,2 ..., n), its position coordinates is (xoi,yoi,zoi)；
    C. each feature focal point P is calculatediArrival time difference matrix NKij, establish arrival time difference database；
    D. shape information acquisition system is utilized, the waveform signal extraction focus ripple received to sensor reaches each sensor The then time；
    E. the arrival time difference of any two sensorses is calculated, establishes focus (xo,yo,zo) arrival time difference matrix, and with feature focal point Pi Arrival time difference database carries out matching search, and focus is positioned real-time；
    In step c, under processing condition, single features focal point PiArrival time difference Matrix Solving principle is as follows：
    Assuming that focus velocity of wave propagation is v, Li(i=1,2 ..., n) it is sensor TiTo feature focal point PiDistance；ti(i= 1,2 ..., n) it is that shock wave reaches sensor TiAt the time of, t0It is characterized focal point PiAt the time of focus produces, then：
    Focus ripple reaches two any different sensors TiAnd TjArrival time difference matrix element Δ tijIt is expressed as：
    In step c, under anisotropy heterogeneous conditions, single features focal point PiThe solution of arrival time difference matrix is chased after based on ray Track algorithm, principle are as follows：
    By feature focal point PiThe focus ripple sent is separated into more than one section of ray, and the track of each section of ray is added up with when walking, Draw radiation profile and the temporal information of each sensor of arrival in anisotropy nonisotropic medium；Known features focal point Pi、 Sensor TiIn the case of position coordinates and zone velocity structural model, the ray path of focus can be uniquely true by ray parameter p It is fixed：
    In formula：Δ is epicentral distance, i.e. horizontal range between 2 points of feature focal point and sensor；P=sin θk/vkIt is ray ginseng Number；vk, θk, hk,Speed, incidence angle, actual thickness and the equivalent thickness of kth layer are represented respectively；L, s, zsModel is represented respectively The number of plies and its depth where total number of plies, feature focal point；
    After trying to achieve parameter p, it may be determined that feature focal point PiWith sensor TiThe propagation trajectories of point-to-point transmission, then focus ripple from feature shake Source point PiReach sensor TiBe then：
    <mrow> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>l</mi> </munderover> <mfrac> <mover> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo>~</mo> </mover> <mrow> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <msqrt> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <msup> <mi>p</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </msqrt> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>
    Then focus ripple reaches two any different sensors TiAnd TjArrival time difference matrix element Δ tijIt is represented by：Δtij=ti- tj。
  2. 2. the microseism focus method for rapidly positioning based on arrival time difference database as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step The density of mesh generation is directly proportional to seismic source location precision in rapid b, and division density is bigger, and positioning precision is higher.
  3. 3. the microseism focus method for rapidly positioning based on arrival time difference database as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step The numerical model of numerical modeling is anisotropy heterogeneous body model and isotropism homogeneous body Model in rapid b.
  4. 4. the microseism focus method for rapidly positioning based on arrival time difference database as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step In rapid c, arrival time difference database to establish principle as follows：
    Known sensor TiCoordinate (xi,yi,zi) and feature focal point PiCoordinate (xoi,yoi,zoi), try to achieve each feature focal point To the arrival time difference Δ t of two any sensorsij, form arrival time difference matrix NKij；In the case where there is n sensor, each feature shake Source point can obtain altogetherIndividual arrival time difference, and form one and includeThe arrival time difference matrix N of individual dataKij；Then by each feature focus Point information and its corresponding arrival time difference matrix input database, establish arrival time difference database.
  5. 5. the microseism focus method for rapidly positioning based on arrival time difference database as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step The matching of focus arrival time difference matrix and feature focal point arrival time difference database uses similarity mode search method, similarity in rapid e High feature focal point confirms as the physical location of the focus.
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