CN108957404A - A kind of method of earthquake locating, apparatus and system - Google Patents
A kind of method of earthquake locating, apparatus and system Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/18—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves
- G01S5/26—Position of receiver fixed by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/303—Analysis for determining velocity profiles or travel times
- G01V1/305—Travel times
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/65—Source localisation, e.g. faults, hypocenters or reservoirs
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Abstract
This application discloses a kind of method of earthquake locating, apparatus and system, applied to target area to be positioned, it include multiple focus grids in the target area, the described method includes: being in advance based on the position of each focus grid and the position of preset multiple receivers, it obtains the Traveltime data library of the target area and database index is established to the Traveltime data library, include: the time data that seismic wave reaches each receiver from each focus grid respectively in the Traveltime data library；When receiving Traveltime data to be checked, the target Traveltime data to match with the Traveltime data to be checked is inquired in the Traveltime data library using the database index, wherein, the Traveltime data to be checked includes the time data that seismic wave reaches each receiver from target focus grid, and grid position corresponding to the target Traveltime data is the position of the target focus grid.
Description
Technical field
This application involves technical field of data processing, in particular to a kind of method of earthquake locating, apparatus and system.
Background technique
Earthquakes location is a basis of earthquake pre-warning, engineering seismology and earth structure etc. research, and quick and precisely
Earthquakes location be of great significance for protection against and mitigation of earthquake disasters.When earthquakes location generally refers to determine position and the hair shake of focus
It carves, and to the reliability assessment that focal shock parameter is responded.
The common methods for carrying out earthquakes location at present have: least square method, genetic algorithm, simulated annealing method etc., still
These methods have the risk for falling into local minimum, can not accurately obtain hypocentral location.
Therefore, needing one kind can be to the locating scheme that hypocentral location is accurately obtained.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the application's is designed to provide a kind of method of earthquake locating, apparatus and system, it is existing to solve
The technical issues of hypocentral location can not accurately be obtained in technology.
This application provides a kind of method of earthquake locating, applied to target area to be positioned, the target area Zhong Bao
Containing multiple focus grids, which comprises
It is in advance based on the position of each focus grid and the position of preset multiple receivers, obtains the target area
Database index is simultaneously established to the Traveltime data library in the Traveltime data library in domain, includes: earthquake wavelength-division in the Traveltime data library
The time data of each receiver are not reached from each focus grid；
When receiving Traveltime data to be checked, inquired in the Traveltime data library using the database index with
The target Traveltime data that the Traveltime data to be checked matches, wherein the Traveltime data to be checked includes seismic wave
The time data of each receiver are reached from target focus grid, grid position corresponding to the target Traveltime data is
For the position of the target focus grid.
The above method, it is preferable that before establishing database index to the Traveltime data, the method also includes:
Dimensionality reduction is carried out to the Traveltime data library；
Wherein, database index is established to the Traveltime data library, comprising:
Database index is established to the Traveltime data library after dimensionality reduction.
The above method, it is preferable that dimensionality reduction is carried out to the Traveltime data library, comprising:
Dimensionality reduction is carried out to the Traveltime data in the Traveltime data library using principle component analysis.
The above method, it is preferable that when receiving Traveltime data to be checked, further includes:
Dimensionality reduction is carried out to the Traveltime data to be checked.
The above method, it is preferable that database index is established to the Traveltime data library, comprising:
Database index is established to the Traveltime data library based on MRKD tree method.
Present invention also provides a kind of earthquakes location devices, using target area to be positioned, the target area Zhong Bao
Containing multiple focus grids, described device includes:
Database unit, for be in advance based on each focus grid position and preset multiple receivers
Position obtains the Traveltime data library of the target area and establishes database index to the Traveltime data library, it is described walk when number
According to including: time data that seismic wave reaches each receiver from each focus grid respectively in library；
Data receipt unit, for receiving Traveltime data to be checked；
Data query unit, for using the database index inquired in the Traveltime data library with it is described to be checked
The target Traveltime data that matches of Traveltime data；Wherein, the Traveltime data to be checked includes: seismic wave from target focus
Grid reaches the time data of each receiver, and grid position corresponding to the target Traveltime data is the target
The position of focus grid.
Above-mentioned apparatus, it is preferred that the Database unit is also used to: carrying out dimensionality reduction to the Traveltime data library, then
Database index is established to the Traveltime data library after dimensionality reduction.
Above-mentioned apparatus, it is preferred that further include:
Data Dimensionality Reduction unit, for being dropped to Traveltime data to be checked received by the data receipt unit
Dimension.
Present invention also provides a kind of earthquakes location systems, applied to target area to be positioned, in the target area
Comprising multiple focus grids, the system comprises:
Multiple receivers are deployed in different positions, for receiving the seismic wave come from each focus grid transmission；
Digital simulation server, for be in advance based on each focus grid position and preset multiple receivers
Position obtains the Traveltime data library of the target area and establishes database index to the Traveltime data library, it is described walk when number
According to including: time data that seismic wave reaches each receiver from each focus grid respectively in library；
Data query server, for when receiving Traveltime data to be checked, using the database index in institute
State the target Traveltime data inquired in Traveltime data library and matched with the Traveltime data to be checked, wherein described to be checked
Traveltime data include time data that seismic wave reaches each receiver from target focus grid, the number when target is walked
It is the position of the target focus grid according to corresponding grid position.
As it can be seen from the above scheme a kind of method of earthquake locating provided by the present application, apparatus and system, by treating positioning area
The Traveltime data library of focus grid in domain is obtained, and establishes the database index in Traveltime data library, thus receiving
When Traveltime data to be checked, is searched in Traveltime data library by database index and matched with Traveltime data to be checked
Target Traveltime data is realized so that the focus grid position in target Traveltime data to be determined as to the position of target focus grid
Seismic source location.As it can be seen that by establishing Traveltime data library to the target area with positioning to straight when needing to position in the application
The Traveltime data inquired and matched in Traveltime data library is connect, to realize quickly and effectively seismic source location, improves accurate positioning
Property.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
The embodiment of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also basis
The attached drawing of offer obtains other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart for method of earthquake locating that the embodiment of the present application one provides；
Fig. 2 is the application exemplary diagram of the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 3 is a kind of another flow chart for method of earthquake locating that the embodiment of the present application one provides；
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is respectively other flow charts of the embodiment of the present application one；
Fig. 6 is a kind of structural schematic diagram for earthquakes location device that the embodiment of the present application two provides；
Fig. 7 is a kind of structural schematic diagram for earthquakes location system that the embodiment of the present application three provides；
Fig. 8~Figure 13 is respectively the application exemplary diagram of the embodiment of the present application.
Specific embodiment
There is proposition using the principle of least square come the method for inversion for source parameters in research of the early stage to earthquakes location, it should
Method first by hypocentral location and when walking between nonlinear equation linearize, then by solve the method for system of linear equations come
It solves.And with the promotion of computer computation ability, many other optimization algorithms are rapidly developed, such as genetic algorithm, mould
Quasi- method for annealing etc., this kind of nonlinear algorithm are also used for seismic source location problem, however these methods have and fall into local minimum
The risk of value.
In order to avoid falling into local minimum, grid-search algorithms become a kind of very common localization method, first
Survey region is divided into many grids, it is assumed that each mesh point is possible hypocentral location, calculates each mesh point to connecing
When the synthesis of receipts device is walked, all mesh points are then successively traversed, most matched position solution when finding and actually walking.Grid search is calculated
The precision of method depends on the size of grid, as long as grid is sufficiently small, so that it may obtain the positioning result of enough accuracy.However work as net
Lattice precision is bigger, and lattice point is more, and the calculating time can increase significantly.
The Internet search technology is quickly grown in recent years, and searching algorithm is successfully applied to word, the retrieval of image and sound.
Text on internet, image and sound can be used as a very big database, when the word that input requires to look up, image
After sound, similar solution quickly can be retrieved and inputted.Equally, if can be hypocentral location gridding, each
Hypocentral location lattice point can synthesize corresponding Traveltime data, to form a big Traveltime data library.When the reality for having input
After Traveltime data, immediate solution can be retrieved and input immediately, without obtaining by inverting.
In the search problem to Traveltime data library, survey region can be divided into many grids, each grid section
Point is considered as a virtual focus, to establish the database of 10 ten thousand to million ranks.If passing through direct search number
According to the mode in library, it may be necessary to which longer time obtains optimum solution, this occasion relatively high for requirement of real-time may be less
It adapts to, such as the micro-seismic monitoring in earthquake pre-warning and shale gas exploitation.
If using internet Fast search technique, less than one second in can find result.It therefore can be in the application
Traveltime data library is quickly searched by Fast search technique, it, can be in advance to number in order to handle the database situations for comparing higher-dimension
According to library dimensionality reduction, to also can be reduced the size of database.
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is a kind of implementation flow chart of method of earthquake locating provided by the embodiments of the present application with reference to Fig. 1, in the present embodiment
Method can be adapted for target area to be positioned, such as Asia or some national domestic land area or sea area, the target
It can be averaged in the target area as shown in Figure 2 comprising multiple focus grids in region and be divided into multiple grids, each
Grid all may issue seismic wave as a focus.
In the present embodiment, this method is carrying out establishing Traveltime data library to target area first between earthquakes location, has
Body such as following steps:
Step 101: obtaining the position of each focus grid and the position of preset multiple receivers.
Wherein, the position in the present embodiment can be indicated with three-dimensional coordinate, can also be indicated with two-dimensional coordinate.For example, every
The position of a focus grid are as follows: using the earth's core as the relative coordinate position of the three-dimensional system of coordinate of origin, and the position of receiver are as follows: with
The earth's core is the relative coordinate position of the three-dimensional system of coordinate of origin.
It should be noted that can issue ground at one for each focus network analog in target area in the present embodiment
The virtual focus of seismic wave, the position of each focus grid are the position of each virtual focus, can be by each in the present embodiment
Positioning device or network data are planted to obtain the position of each focus grid.
Wherein, receiver can be understood as the equipment that can receive and identify seismic wave, can such as receive many seismic phases such as P
Wave and the receiver of S wave etc..Receiver is disposed respectively in multiple positions in advance in the present embodiment, thus the position of each receiver
It is known that the present embodiment can obtain the position of each receiver from the setting parameter of deployment receiver.
It should be noted that receiver is deployed in different positions, to receive seismic wave from different location, receiver
Quantity is more, and received seismic wave is more, correspondingly, the accuracy of latter earthquake positioning can be improved.
Step 102: the position of position and receiver based on each focus grid obtains the Traveltime data of target area
Library.
Wherein, in Traveltime data library include: time number that seismic wave reaches each receiver from each focus grid respectively
According to.
In one implementation, positive algorithm obtains the Traveltime data of target area when the present embodiment can be by walking
Library.For example, the position in the present embodiment based on each focus grid, that is, virtual focus position and each receiver, calculates each
Virtual focus the distance between with each receiver, obtains seismic wave respectively from every using the propagation rate of seismic wave respectively respectively
A virtual focus travels to the time used in each receiver, i.e. seismic wave reaches each receiver from each focus grid respectively
Time data, as a result, these time data composition target area Traveltime data library.
For example, there is a grid in target area, and it is provided with b receiver, then seismic wave is traveled to from each grid
Time data used in each receiver have a*b, form matrix, form the Traveltime data library of target area.
Step 103: database index is established to Traveltime data library.
Wherein, the database index that the present embodiment is established, which can be realized, quickly searches data, realizes data positioning.
In the present embodiment after establishing the Traveltime data library of target area, so that it may provide earthquakes location clothes for user
Business, specific as shown in Figure 3:
Step 301: receiving Traveltime data to be checked.
Wherein, in Traveltime data to be checked include: time that seismic wave reaches each receiver from target focus grid
Data.
In the present embodiment, when the situations such as earthquake occur on some focus grid, seismic wave is passed from this focus grid
After being multicast to each receiver, the present embodiment obtains Wave data received by each receiver, to obtain the Wave data
Corresponding propagation time, i.e. Traveltime data, at this point, being target focus grid by the focus grid mark, at this point, target focus
The position of grid is not aware that the purpose of the present embodiment is that the position for obtaining the target focus grid, realizes seismic source location.
Step 302: inquiring the mesh to match with Traveltime data to be checked in Traveltime data library using database index
Mark Traveltime data.
Wherein, in the present embodiment can based on the retrieval techniques such as Hash or MRKD tree in Traveltime data library using walking when
Wide area information server search index data, find with the most matched target Traveltime data of Traveltime data to be checked, it is such as each
The corresponding time data phase difference of receiver is minimum, then it is assumed that target Traveltime data is most matched with Traveltime data to be checked.
It should be noted that in the present embodiment after obtaining target Traveltime data, so that it may will be in target Traveltime data
Grid position be determined as the position of target focus grid, to realize seismic source location.
As it can be seen from the above scheme a kind of method of earthquake locating that the embodiment of the present application one provides, by area to be targeted
In the Traveltime data library of focus grid obtained, and establish the database index in Traveltime data library, thus receive to
When the Traveltime data of inquiry, the mesh to match with Traveltime data to be checked is searched in Traveltime data library by database index
Traveltime data is marked, so that the focus grid position in target Traveltime data to be determined as to the position of target focus grid, realizes shake
Source positioning.As it can be seen that by establishing Traveltime data library to the target area with positioning to straight when needing to position in the present embodiment
The Traveltime data inquired and matched in Traveltime data library is connect, to realize quickly and effectively seismic source location, improves accurate positioning
Property.
In one implementation, as shown in Figure 4, before step 103, the method can also include:
Step 104: dimensionality reduction is carried out to Traveltime data library.
And in step 103 specifically:
Database index is established to the Traveltime data library after dimensionality reduction.
The data complexity in the Traveltime data library after dimensionality reduction is obviously reduced as a result, to reduce follow-up data library index
Data calculation amount in foundation and data query, further speeds up seismic source location efficiency.
Wherein, it can be realized using linear dimension reduction method such as principle component analysis or Method of Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction in the present embodiment
Dimension-reduction treatment to Traveltime data library.
Correspondingly, the present embodiment is after receiving Traveltime data to be checked, as shown in Figure 5, step 301 it
Afterwards, can with the following steps are included:
Step 304: dimensionality reduction is carried out to Traveltime data to be checked.
Wherein, it can use in the present embodiment to same dimension reduction method used in the dimensionality reduction of Traveltime data library to be checked
Traveltime data carry out dimensionality reduction, recycle database index to inquire in Traveltime data library and matches with Traveltime data to be checked
Target Traveltime data, and determine based on target Traveltime data the position of target focus grid, realize seismic source location.
In one implementation, it in the present embodiment, when establishing database index to Traveltime data library, can use
MRKD tree method etc. establishes the database index in Traveltime data library, correspondingly, in subsequent progress data query, Ke Yitong
It crosses MRKD tree method in search engine or carries out data query based on retrieval techniques such as Hash trees, with most fast most accurate
Mode realize seismic source location.
With reference to Fig. 6, for a kind of structural schematic diagram for earthquakes location device that the embodiment of the present application two provides, which can be with
Applied to target area to be positioned, such as Asia or some national domestic land area or sea area, target area Zhong Bao
Containing multiple focus grids, as shown in Figure 2, it can be averaged be divided into multiple grids in the target area, each grid can
Seismic wave can be issued as a focus.
In the present embodiment, the apparatus may include with flowering structure:
Database unit 601, for be in advance based on each focus grid position and preset multiple receptions
The position of device obtains the Traveltime data library of the target area and establishes database index to the Traveltime data library.
It wherein, include: that seismic wave reaches each described connect from each focus grid respectively in the Traveltime data library
Receive the time data of device.
In one implementation, positive algorithm obtains the Traveltime data of target area when the present embodiment can be by walking
Library.For example, the position in the present embodiment based on each focus grid, that is, virtual focus position and each receiver, calculates each
Virtual focus the distance between with each receiver, obtains seismic wave respectively from every using the propagation rate of seismic wave respectively respectively
A virtual focus travels to the time used in each receiver, i.e. seismic wave reaches each receiver from each focus grid respectively
Time data, as a result, these time data composition target area Traveltime data library.
In one implementation, it in the present embodiment, when establishing database index to Traveltime data library, can use
MRKD tree method etc. establishes the database index in Traveltime data library, correspondingly, in subsequent progress data query, Ke Yitong
It crosses MRKD tree method in search engine or carries out data query based on retrieval techniques such as Hash trees, with most fast most accurate
Mode realize seismic source location.
Data receipt unit 602, for receiving Traveltime data to be checked.
Wherein, to include: seismic wave reach each receiver from target focus grid to the Traveltime data to be checked
Time data.
In one implementation, data receipt unit 602 can be received by the data-interface being connected with receiver
Traveltime data to be checked.
In the present embodiment, when the situations such as earthquake occur on some focus grid, seismic wave is passed from this focus grid
After being multicast to each receiver, the present embodiment obtains Wave data received by each receiver, to obtain the Wave data
Corresponding propagation time, i.e. Traveltime data, at this point, being target focus grid by the focus grid mark, at this point, target focus
The position of grid is not aware that the purpose of the present embodiment is that the position for obtaining the target focus grid, realizes seismic source location.
Data query unit 603, for using the database index inquire in the Traveltime data library and it is described to
The target Traveltime data that the Traveltime data of inquiry matches.
Wherein, in the present embodiment can based on the retrieval techniques such as Hash tree or MRKD tree in Traveltime data library using walking when
Wide area information server search index data, find with the most matched target Traveltime data of Traveltime data to be checked, it is such as each
The corresponding time data phase difference of receiver is minimum, then it is assumed that target Traveltime data is most matched with Traveltime data to be checked.
It should be noted that in the present embodiment after obtaining target Traveltime data, so that it may will be in target Traveltime data
Grid position be determined as the position of target focus grid, to realize seismic source location.
As it can be seen from the above scheme a kind of earthquakes location device that the embodiment of the present application two provides, by area to be targeted
In the Traveltime data library of focus grid obtained, and establish the database index in Traveltime data library, thus receive to
When the Traveltime data of inquiry, the mesh to match with Traveltime data to be checked is searched in Traveltime data library by database index
Traveltime data is marked, so that the focus grid position in target Traveltime data to be determined as to the position of target focus grid, realizes shake
Source positioning.As it can be seen that by establishing Traveltime data library to the target area with positioning to straight when needing to position in the present embodiment
The Traveltime data inquired and matched in Traveltime data library is connect, to realize quickly and effectively seismic source location, improves accurate positioning
Property.
In addition, Database unit 601 is also used to: carrying out dimensionality reduction to the Traveltime data library, then to walking after dimensionality reduction
When Database database index, the data complexity in Traveltime data library is reduced with this.
Wherein, it can be realized using linear dimension reduction method such as principle component analysis or Method of Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction in the present embodiment
Dimension-reduction treatment to Traveltime data library.
Correspondingly, can also include: in device in the present embodiment
Data Dimensionality Reduction unit 605, for Traveltime data to be checked received by the data receipt unit 602 into
Row dimensionality reduction.
Wherein, it can use in the present embodiment to same dimension reduction method used in the dimensionality reduction of Traveltime data library to be checked
Traveltime data carry out dimensionality reduction, recycle database index to inquire in Traveltime data library and matches with Traveltime data to be checked
Target Traveltime data, and determine based on target Traveltime data the position of target focus grid, realize seismic source location.
It is a kind of structural schematic diagram for earthquakes location system that the embodiment of the present application three provides, in the present embodiment with reference to Fig. 7
In, the system is for positioning the focus in target area to be positioned.
Wherein, include multiple focus grids in target area, may include with flowering structure in the system:
Multiple receivers 701, are deployed in different positions, for receiving the earthquake come from each focus grid transmission
Wave.
Digital simulation server 702, for be in advance based on each focus grid position and preset multiple receptions
The position of device obtains the Traveltime data library of the target area and establishes database index to the Traveltime data library, it is described walk
When database in include: time data that seismic wave reaches each receiver from each focus grid respectively.
Data query server 703, for being existed using the database index when receiving Traveltime data to be checked
The target Traveltime data to match with the Traveltime data to be checked is inquired in the Traveltime data library, wherein described to be checked
The Traveltime data of inquiry includes the time data that seismic wave reaches each receiver from target focus grid, when the target is walked
Grid position corresponding to data is the position of the target focus grid.
It should be noted that before the specific implementation of digital simulation server 702 and data query server 703 can refer to
Corresponding contents in text in FIG. 1 to FIG. 5, and will not be described here in detail.
The application of the application in the concrete realization is illustrated below:
Generally, the foundation of the search engine of Traveltime data, that is, Traveltime data library generally comprises following configuration steps:
(1) gridding survey region (target area), each grid node are a virtual focus, using conventional when walking
Forward modelling method, when each virtual focus of calculating is walked to the synthesis between receiver, it is assumed that total grid node number is n,
Each focus can be recorded by m fixed receiver, so as to establish synthesis Traveltime data library, i.e. matrix Xn×m, wherein matrix
Column be Traveltime data library dimension；
(2) utilize principle component analysis to Traveltime data library dimensionality reduction, the Traveltime data library after obtaining dimensionality reduction, i.e. matrix X`n ×
L is tieed up, wherein l < < m at this point, original Traveltime data library is reduced to l by m dimension；
(3) database index is established for the Traveltime data library after dimensionality reduction using MRKD tree method；
(4) when input one need inquire practical Traveltime data when, by same m receiver record, by and walk
When the same dimension-reduction treatment of database after become l dimensional vector, then in the database after dimensionality reduction using MRKD tree method it is fast
Best match solution is looked in quick checking, realizes seismic source location.
Specifically, the foundation in Traveltime data library and being accomplished by for dimension-reduction treatment
When (perhaps Arbitrary 3 D structure can be isotropism or respectively to different one-dimensional layer structure given speed model
Property) and the coordinate of the station or receiver after, determine survey region and gridding.Set the model in the x, y, z direction of hypocentral location
It encloses and grid interval, it has been observed that assuming that total the number of grids is n, receiver number is m, then can establish one includes n
A data, dimension are the Traveltime data library X of mn×m.In order to extract the main information in database, located using principle component analysis
Manage original Traveltime data library Xn×m。
Original Traveltime data library can specifically be projected in a new linear space, in this linear space, number
It is mainly reflected in certain some dimension according to the difference of data each in library, these dimensions are it is generally acknowledged that contain the main spy of database
Point, principle component analysis are exactly to find the corresponding feature vector of these dimensions.Original Traveltime data library Xn×mIt can be each by subtracting
The average value of a dimension comes placed in the middle, it is assumed that the element x in databaseijSubtract an average value:Wherein(i and j respectively indicate line number and row number in database matrix).In this way, database covariance can be used
The feature vector of matrix indicates a new data linear space, as follows:
Covar (X) P=P Λ, (2)
Λ=diag { λ1, λ2..., λi..., λm}, (3)
P={ p1, p2..., pi..., pm}. (4)
Wherein covar is covariance matrix corresponding to the matrix X of Traveltime data library, and element therein is equal to certain of X matrix
Covariance value between two column vectors.The matrix that P is made of the feature vector of covariance matrix, Λ are covariance matrix
Diagonal matrix composed by characteristic value, the wherein descending arrangement of the element on diagonal line.One can be formed by m feature vector
A new data space.If data distribution is linear after database projects in new linear space, then its characteristic value
Variance can be very big, and a portion characteristic value will be very big, and in addition many characteristic values are close to zero.The corresponding feature of big characteristic value
Vector is exactly pivot, characterizes the most significant feature or most significant dimension of database.Assuming that original waveform data
Before projecting to represented by l feature vector spatially:
X '=XP ', (5)
P '={ p1, p2..., pi..., pl}, (6)
The wherein database after X ' expression dimensionality reduction, its dimension are n × l；P ' is by the preceding l feature vector in equation 4
The matrix of composition.The dimension of database can reduce (l < < m) by way of only retaining l feature vector.Only need number
It is projected on the very big feature vector direction of those characteristic values according to library, has thus achieved the purpose that reduce database dimension,
If pivot analysis is very suitable to the problem of the application, the very small feature vector of characteristic value can be very more, can go in this way
Except the data of many redundancies.The application is established on the database after dimensionality reduction and is indexed after the dimensionality reduction of original Traveltime data library, and
Carry out fast search.Similarly, when there is input inquiry waveform, also input Traveltime data is projected to new data field.
Correspondingly, it is specific as follows to establish index and data search process:
The application application MRKD tree method handles the search problem of Traveltime data, and MRKD tree method generally comprises two
Part, first part are to need to establish index in advance for Traveltime data library, and second part is search process, when there is data input
When one group of disaggregation found by corresponding search step.
The feature that can use Traveltime data in Traveltime data library in the application establishes a KD tree (index), after dimensionality reduction
Database X ' can be used as distinguishing characteristics.First it is to calculate variance and average value per one-dimensional in Traveltime data library:
Wherein viIndicate the variance of each dimension；x′jiIndicate i-th of dimension of j-th of earthquake virtual events in database X '
Value；diIt is the average value of each dimension, total earthquake virtual events number is n；Total dimension is l.The tree of one database can be with
Each of database earthquake virtual events data are divided according to the average value of those dimensions with biggish variance.It establishes
Total step of one random tree can be summarized as follows:
(1) initiation parameter: for it is every it is one-dimensional calculate average value and variance (formula 7 and 8), then choose the one before with generous
The dimension of difference is as division dimension.
(2) database is divided on one node: a dimension is chosen from a dimension in step 1 as split vertexes, such as
The sampled point of data is greater than the average value on node in fruit database, this data should be placed on the right of node, otherwise,
It is placed on the left side of node.
(3) database is divided in next stage: repeating step 2 in two child nodes, until all data are all placed
On leaf node.
Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 is the simple case for establishing database.For ease of description, it assumes initially that in database and only wraps
Containing four data (Variance), although reality may include hundreds and thousands of ten thousand, and original Traveltime data is assumed
The new data field comprising less dimension (Dimension) is projected to.First with formula (7) and formula (8) in database
Each dimension calculates variance and average value, and the most next curve of Fig. 8 is the corresponding variance yields per on one-dimensional, wherein variance peak
Value is located at the 14th dimension, and the maximum dimension (D=14) of variance is chosen as first node, is used to mask data.Pass through comparison the
For 14 dimensions it can be found that the value of the 2nd and 4 data (ID=2,4) is both greater than the corresponding average value of the 14th dimension, this means that this
2nd and 4 data should be placed on the right of present node, and similarly, the corresponding value of the 14th sampled point of the 1st and 3 data is small
In the 14th corresponding average value of sampled point, it should be placed on the left side of present node.This mistake of recurrence is repeated in the next stage of tree
Journey can continue to separate the 2nd and 4 data etc..All data all can be recursively stored on leaf node in this way.Figure
9 show the structure for the tree finally established, and D, M, V respectively indicate dimension, average value, variance.In this way, we can grab
The firmly feature of most important database, but in the actual operation process, it would be desirable to multiple such trees are established, are searched in this way
It can be carried out on multiple trees, to improve search precision.It can be same with the method for Muja and Lowe in the application
The multiple trees of Database select a series of maximum variances randomly to tie up as separation, then repeat above-mentioned process.
After establishing MRKD tree, if one inquiry data of input can be carried out search process, with walking in Fig. 8
When database for illustrate search process.The average value that some dimension is preserved on the node of database index, works as input
Data reach after, since first node, the application needs to take out the data value on input data octuple, then with the section
The average value saved on point is compared, if it is greater than 0.08, then should be in the node with the most matched waveform of input data
The right, it is possible to continuation searched for since the right, in the same way relatively the right node, be until reaching leaf node
Only.Similarly, it if the value of the corresponding dimension of input data is less than the average value saved on node, can be searched for from the left side, finally
Search result is saved.From the above, it can be seen that number of comparisons required for one result of search is log2N, wherein N is data
The number of data in library.During search, should further be noted that each node can save the L2norm of accumulation away from
From into a queue, i.e. input data and the distance between the node that compared, because search is not only one wheel, and this
The purpose of application is to obtain the solution of one group of best match, so needing repeat search KD tree, searches for the node of beginning next time just
It can take out and the smallest be obtained apart from corresponding node from accumulation L2Norm queue.It should be noted that actually we build
Many trees as shown in Figure 9 are stood, search when can also carry out from different trees respectively, a last available solution
Collection.
The use to the application in micro-seismic monitoring is illustrated below:
It is assumed that the place that microseism may occur is as shown in grey in Figure 10 and Figure 11, it is assumed that there are two receiver array cloth
It is placed in two vertical wells.The horizontal position coordinate of two receiver arrays (triangle in figure indicates) be (1000,0) m and
(0,1000) m, depth are from 2800m to 3020m, and each array has 12 receivers, layout pitch 20m.It is assumed that focus water
Flat x and y direction scope is to be divided into 5m from 0 to 1000m, and depth is to be divided into 5m from 3075m to 3175m, thus all nets
Lattice node number is 800000.Meanwhile Traveltime data library then is established using P and S direct wave on each receiver, from
And for each virtual focus, one shares 48 when walking.According to above setting, so as to obtain one (800,000 ×
48) Traveltime data library carries out principle component analysis dimension-reduction treatment to this database, and retains the big dimension of preceding 30 characteristic values.
It then is database (800,000 × 30) the foundation index after this dimensionality reduction using MRKD tree method.
After thering is microseism to occur and pick up to P and S direct wave then after, equally then input P and S direct wave
It regards an one-dimensional signal as, and projects in the characteristic vector space of principle component analysis, retain preceding 30 dimensions, to obtain such as figure
Data shown in a most upper curve in 12.By utilizing MRKD tree method fast search, preceding 500 solutions are exported (in Figure 12
Solution index), it can be seen that optimum solution and input are very close.Simultaneously for the reliability of analytic solution, Ke Yili
(Figure 13 residual error more go to the lavatory and input input most like) is estimated with the residual error (Residual) between input reconciliation.If residual
Poor curve quickly increases very much, and optimum solution solution index residual error is small, then it can be seen that the constraint of solution is compared
It is good.
It should be noted that all the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment weight
Point explanation is the difference from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other.
Finally, it is to be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second and the like be used merely to by
One entity or operation are distinguished with another entity or operation, without necessarily requiring or implying these entities or operation
Between there are any actual relationship or orders.Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant meaning
Covering non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment for including a series of elements not only includes that
A little elements, but also including other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this process, method, article or
The intrinsic element of equipment.In the absence of more restrictions, the element limited by sentence "including a ...", is not arranged
Except there is also other identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus that includes the element.
A kind of method of earthquake locating provided by the present invention, apparatus and system are described in detail above, it is public to institute
The above description for the embodiment opened, enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.To these embodiments
A variety of modifications will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be
In the case where not departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, realize in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to
The embodiments shown herein, and it is to fit to widest model consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed in this article
It encloses.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method of earthquake locating, which is characterized in that applied to target area to be positioned, comprising more in the target area
A focus grid, which comprises
It is in advance based on the position of each focus grid and the position of preset multiple receivers, obtains the target area
Database index is simultaneously established to the Traveltime data library in Traveltime data library, include: in the Traveltime data library seismic wave respectively from
Each focus grid reaches the time data of each receiver；
When receiving Traveltime data to be checked, inquired in the Traveltime data library using the database index with it is described
The target Traveltime data that Traveltime data to be checked matches, wherein the Traveltime data to be checked includes seismic wave from mesh
Mark focus grid reaches the time data of each receiver, and grid position corresponding to the target Traveltime data is institute
State the position of target focus grid.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein before establishing database index to the Traveltime data,
The method also includes:
Dimensionality reduction is carried out to the Traveltime data library；
Wherein, database index is established to the Traveltime data library, comprising:
Database index is established to the Traveltime data library after dimensionality reduction.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, carrying out dimensionality reduction to the Traveltime data library, comprising:
Dimensionality reduction is carried out to the Traveltime data in the Traveltime data library using principle component analysis.
4. according to the method in claim 2 or 3, which is characterized in that when receiving Traveltime data to be checked, further includes:
Dimensionality reduction is carried out to the Traveltime data to be checked.
5. method according to claim 1,2 or 3, which is characterized in that database index is established to the Traveltime data library,
Include:
Based on the random K tree MRKD tree method of multidimensional (Multiple randomized k-dimensional tree) to institute
It states Traveltime data library and establishes database index.
6. a kind of earthquakes location device, which is characterized in that apply target area to be positioned, include multiple in the target area
Focus grid, described device include:
Database unit, for being in advance based on the position of each focus grid and the position of preset multiple receivers
It sets, obtain the Traveltime data library of the target area and database index, the Traveltime data is established to the Traveltime data library
It include: the time data that seismic wave reaches each receiver from each focus grid respectively in library；
Data receipt unit, for receiving Traveltime data to be checked；
Data query unit, for inquiring to walk with described to be checked in the Traveltime data library using the database index
When the target Traveltime data that matches of data；Wherein, the Traveltime data to be checked includes: seismic wave from target focus grid
The time data of each receiver are reached, grid position corresponding to the target Traveltime data is the target focus
The position of grid.
7. device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the Database unit is also used to: to it is described walk when
Database carries out dimensionality reduction, then establishes database index to the Traveltime data library after dimensionality reduction.
8. device according to claim 7, which is characterized in that further include:
Data Dimensionality Reduction unit, for carrying out dimensionality reduction to Traveltime data to be checked received by the data receipt unit.
9. a kind of earthquakes location system, which is characterized in that applied to target area to be positioned, comprising more in the target area
A focus grid, the system comprises:
Multiple receivers are deployed in different positions, for receiving the seismic wave come from each focus grid transmission；
Digital simulation server, for being in advance based on the position of each focus grid and the position of preset multiple receivers
It sets, obtain the Traveltime data library of the target area and database index, the Traveltime data is established to the Traveltime data library
It include: the time data that seismic wave reaches each receiver from each focus grid respectively in library；
Data query server, for when receiving Traveltime data to be checked, using the database index it is described walk
When database in the target Traveltime data that matches with the Traveltime data to be checked of inquiry, wherein described to be checked walks
When data include time data that seismic wave reaches each receiver from target focus grid, the target Traveltime data institute
Corresponding grid position is the position of the target focus grid.
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