CN106075138A - 一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物 - Google Patents
一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物,属于医药技术领域,其以马兜铃、竹蔗、荸荠、六月寒、葱白、浮萍、胖大海、伽楠香、春尖油、鱼脑石、杜鹃花叶、埃蕾、水丁香、铁筷子、绵枣儿、宝盖草、冰片为主要原料制备而成;另外,可向该中药组合物中加入药学上可接受的辅料,并按常规制剂方法制成不同剂型的治疗鼻炎药物。本发明中药组合物精选原料药物,配方合理,其中的有效成分相互作用、协同增效,共奏宣肺通窍、清热解毒、消肿止痛、醒脑提神等功效,用于治疗鼻炎效果显著,见效快,疗程短,治愈率高,可实现标本兼治,疗效巩固。另外,本发明中药组合物采用纯天然中药原料制得,作用药力缓和,稳定持久,且安全可靠,无任何毒副作用。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明属医药技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物。
【背景技术】
鼻炎是临床常见、多发病,俗称顽症病,通常是因为各种外界不良环境以及自身体质下降、损伤鼻粘膜所引发,此病发病率高,可发生于任何年龄,但以青壮年居多。鼻炎分为急性鼻炎和慢性鼻炎,慢性鼻炎又包括慢性单纯性鼻炎和慢性肥厚性鼻炎。慢性单纯性鼻炎表现为鼻粘膜充血、肿胀,呈红色或暗红色,以间歇性、交替性鼻塞、鼻涕量多为主要症状;慢性肥厚性鼻炎鼻塞较重,多为持续性,有闭塞性鼻音,嗅觉减退,鼻涕为黏液性或黏脓性,不易擤出,多伴有头痛、头昏、失眠及精神萎靡等症状。以上两种慢性鼻炎一般病程较长,疲劳、感寒后症状加重,易并发耳胀、耳闭等症。急性鼻炎又称伤风鼻塞,以鼻塞、喷嚏、清涕为主要症状,通过鼻腔检查,表现为鼻粘膜充血,鼻腔内分泌物增多,起症较急,病程较短。
目前临床治疗鼻炎的药物有西药和中药,西药多数为口服药和水剂滴鼻药,水剂滴鼻药易流动,不易附着在鼻腔粘膜上,作用时间短,停药后易复发,长期使用易导致血管舒缩性鼻炎;口服药物中,西药多添加有激素,虽然在一定程度上能够缓解症状,疗效快,但治标不治本,易复发,长期使用易产生抗药性,对人体的副作用大,在治疗的同时,给患者增加新的负担。中药副作用小,为对因治疗,可较好的满足临床患者的用药需求,现有用于治疗鼻炎的中药品种繁多,但缺乏治疗效果确凿有据的药物,多数疗效不够明显,疗程长,治愈率低,患者得长时间忍受病痛的折磨,严重影响生活和工作。
【发明内容】
鉴于以上问题,本发明提供了一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物,该中药组合物配方科学合理,具有宣肺通窍、清热解毒、消肿止痛、醒脑提神等功效,用于治疗鼻炎效果显著,疗程短,治疗彻底,治愈后不易复发;且药性温和,安全可靠,无任何毒副作用。
中医认为,鼻科疾病的发生系风、寒、署、湿、燥等五淫入侵而造成肺、脾、胆等脏腑的病变。肺主表,开窍于鼻,风热之邪侵犯鼻窍,传于肺,致肺气不宣,清肃失常、内外邪热困结鼻窍,则出现鼻塞、喷嚏、流涕、头痛、发热、恶寒等风热表症。故此,治疗鼻科疾病当以宣肺通窍、清热解毒、消肿止痛、醒脑提神为原则。本发明根据以上中医理论,提供了一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物,具体采用以下技术方案:
一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物,包括以下重量份的中药原料:马兜铃4-10份、竹蔗13-22份、荸荠12-18份、六月寒6-12份、葱白9-15份、浮萍3-9份、胖大海7-16份、伽楠香2-7份、春尖油5-10份、鱼脑石7-13份、杜鹃花叶5-10份、埃蕾10-15份、水丁香2-7份、铁筷子3-8份、绵枣儿5-13份、宝盖草10-17份、冰片2-5份。
优选地,所述中药组合物包括以下重量份的中药原料:马兜铃5-7份、竹蔗15-20份、荸荠14-16份、六月寒8-10份、葱白11-13份、浮萍5-7份、胖大海9-13份、伽楠香3-5份、春尖油6-8份、鱼脑石9-11份、杜鹃花叶7-9份、埃蕾12-14份、水丁香3-5份、铁筷子4-6份、绵枣儿7-10份、宝盖草13-15份、冰片3-4份。
优选地,所述中药组合物包括以下重量份的中药原料:马兜铃6份、竹蔗17份、荸荠15份、六月寒9份、葱白12份、浮萍6份、胖大海11份、伽楠香4份、春尖油7份、鱼脑石10份、杜鹃花叶8份、埃蕾13份、水丁香4份、铁筷子5份、绵枣儿8份、宝盖草14份、冰片4份。
本发明还提供了所述治疗鼻炎的中药组合物的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
1)按所述重量份拣取所述中药原料;
2)将马兜铃、伽楠香、鱼脑石、埃蕾、冰片分别粉碎,过300-400目筛网,混合,得粉末A,备用;
3)将竹蔗榨汁,取蔗汁;将荸荠捣汁,去渣取荸荠汁;而后将蔗汁和荸荠汁混合,得混合汁,备用;
4)将六月寒、葱白、浮萍、胖大海、杜鹃花叶、水丁香、铁筷子、绵枣儿、宝盖草混合置于煎煮锅中,而后加入清水浸泡30min,清水加入量为没过药面1-2cm,大火煮沸后保持沸腾小火煎煮25-30min,而后滤出药液;再向锅中药渣中加入清水,清水加入量为没过药面0.5-1cm,大火煮沸后保持沸腾小火煎煮20-25min,过滤取药液;而后将两次煎煮所得药液混合,浓缩、干燥制成粉末,得粉末B,备用;
5)将春尖油加热至融化,而后加入步骤2)所得的粉末A、步骤3)所得的混合汁以及步骤4)所得的粉末B,混合均匀,即得成品中药组合物。
所述中药组合物可进一步应用于制备治疗鼻炎的药物中,即采用上述中药组合物,加入药学上可接受的辅料,按照常规中药制剂的制备方法制成常规剂型,其中,优选剂型为颗粒剂、片剂、丸剂或胶囊剂,方便携带、服用。
使用方法:内服,按照年龄大小及病症轻重给药,15岁以下患者每次服用有效药量0.5-1g的药物,15岁以上患者每次服用有效药量1-2g的药物,每日3次,早、中、晚饭后半小时温水送服,10天为一个疗程,用药期间忌烟酒、辛辣、生冷、油腻食物。
本发明提供了一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物,相对于现有技术,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明根据中药传统理论,并遵循中医的处方用药中的“君、臣、佐、使”原则,精选原料,科学配伍,以宣肺通窍的马兜铃、竹蔗、荸荠、六月寒、葱白、浮萍、胖大海、伽楠香、春尖油为君药,以清热解毒的杜鹃花叶、埃蕾、水丁香为臣药,以消肿止痛的铁筷子、绵枣儿、宝盖草和提神醒脑的冰片为佐使药配置而成,方中诸药配伍,君臣协力,佐使共辅,使得该组合物具有宣肺通窍、清热解毒、消肿止痛和提神醒脑的功效,同时还具有祛风除湿、润燥和中、理气辟秽、消积化痰、消炎等功效,从而可从整体上对机体进行调理,用于治疗鼻炎疗效显著,见效快,疗程短,治愈率高,可实现标本兼治,疗效巩固。另外,本发明中药组合物采用纯天然中药原料制得,作用药力缓和,稳定持久,且安全可靠,无任何毒副作用。
本发明所采用的中药原料详细情况如下:
马兜铃:为马兜铃科植物北马兜铃或马兜铃的干燥成熟果实。9-10月果实由绿变黄时连柄摘下,晒干。味苦、辛,性寒。归肺经。具有清肺降气、化痰止咳平喘的功效。用于肺热喘咳,痰中带血,咯血,失音,痔瘘肿痛。
竹蔗:为禾本科植物甘蔗的茎秆。秋后采收,砍取地上部分,削去上部梢叶捆扎,置阴暗不通风处,保持水分。味甘,性寒。归肺、胃经。具有清热生津、润燥和中、解毒的功效。主烦热消渴,呕哕反胃,虚热咳嗽,大便燥结,痈疽疮肿;解酒毒。
荸荠:为莎草科植物荸荠的球茎。冬季采挖,洗净泥土,鲜用或风干。味甘,性寒。归肺、胃经。具有清热生津、化痰、消积的功效。主温病口渴,咽喉肿痛,痰热咳嗽,目赤,消渴,痢疾,黄疸,热淋,食积,赘疣。
六月寒:为马鞭草科植物三花莸的全草。春末、夏初采收。味辛微苦,性平。具有解表宣肺、散寒清火的功效。治外感头痛,咳嗽,外障目翳,烫伤。
葱白:为百合科葱属植物葱,以鳞茎或全草入药。全草四季可采,洗净鲜用;葱白(鳞茎)用时需剥去外膜,去须根及叶。味辛,性温。归肺经、胃经。具有发表、通阳、解毒、除风湿、通阳气的功效。治伤寒寒热头痛,阴寒腹痛,虫积内阻,二便不通,痢疾,痈肿。
浮萍:为浮萍科植物紫萍的干燥全草。6-9月采收,洗净,除去杂质,晒干。味辛,性寒。归肺经。具有发汗、祛风、行水、清热、解毒的功效。治时行热病,斑疹不透,风热瘾疹,皮肤瘙痒,水肿,癃闭,疮癣,丹毒,烫伤。
胖大海:为梧桐科植物胖大海的种子。4-6月果实开裂时采取成熟的种子,晒干。味甘、淡,性凉。归肺经、大肠经。具有清热润肺、利咽解毒、清肠通便的功效。主干咳无痰,咽喉肿痛,肺热音哑,牙痛,热结便秘。
伽楠香:别名奇南香,为瑞香科植物沉香或白木香近根部含有多量树脂的木材。味辛、甘,性温。具有理气辟秽、通窍醒脑的功效。适用于胸闷不舒、气滞疼痛、风痰闭塞等症。
春尖油:为楝科植物香椿树干流出的液汁。春、夏季切割树干,流出液汁,晒干。味辛、苦,性温。归肺经。具有润燥解毒、通窍的功效。主齁病,手足皲裂,疔疮。
鱼脑石:为石首鱼科动物大黄鱼或小黄鱼的头骨中的耳石。多为加工鱼鲞时的副产品,一般在5-6月石首鱼渔汛期收集,加工时将头骨中最大的一块耳石取出,洗净,晾干。味甘、咸,性寒。归膀胱经。具有利尿、通淋、消炎的功效。治石淋,小便不利,中耳炎,鼻炎,脑漏。
杜鹃花叶:为杜鹃花科植物杜鹃花的嫩叶,植物形态详“杜鹃花”条。味酸,性平。具有清热解毒、止血的功效。治痈肿疔疮,外伤出血,荨麻疹。
埃蕾:为龙胆科植物百金花的带花全草。开花时采集,晒干。味苦,性寒。具有清热解毒的功效。治肝炎,胆囊炎,头痛发烧,牙痛,扁桃体炎。
水丁香:为柳叶莱科植物丁香蓼的全草。秋季结果时采取。味苦,性凉。具有利尿消肿、清热解毒的功效。治水肿,淋病,痢疾,白带,痈疽,疔疮。
铁筷子:为毛莨科植物铁筷子的根。秋季采挖,洗净,晒干或鲜用。味苦,性凉。具有清热解毒、活血散瘀、消肿止痛的功效。治膀胱炎,尿道炎,疮疖肿毒,跌打损伤,劳伤。
绵枣儿:为百合科植物绵枣儿的鳞茎或全草。鳞茎含果糖、蔗糖、淀粉、类似支链淀粉的多糖及类似菊糖的多糖,还有海葱原甙甲及一种有毒糖甙。味甜,性寒。具有活血解毒、消肿止痛的功效。治乳拥,肠痈,跌打损伤,腰腿痛。
宝盖草:为唇形科植物宝盖草的全株。味辛苦,性温。具有祛风、通络、消肿、止痛的功效。治筋骨疼痛,四肢麻木,跌打损伤,瘰疬。
冰片:为龙脑香科植物龙脑香树的树脂中析出的天然结晶性化合物。从龙脑香树干的裂缝处,采取干燥的树脂,进行加工;或砍下树干及树枝,切成碎片,经水蒸气蒸馏升华,冷却后即成结晶;或为樟脑、松节油等用化学方法合成的加工制成品。味辛、苦,性微寒。归心经、脾经、肺经。具有清香宣散,具有开窍醒神、散热止痛、明目去翳的功效。主治中风口噤,热病神昏,惊痫痰迷,气闭耳聋,喉痹,口疮,中耳炎,痈肿,痔疮,目亦翳膜,蛲虫病。《纲目》:疗喉痹,脑痛,鼻息,齿痛,伤寒舌出,小儿痘陷。通诸窍,散郁火。
【具体实施方式】
下面的实施例可以帮助本领域的技术人员更全面地理解本发明,但不可以以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例1
一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物,包括以下重量份的中药原料:马兜铃4份、竹蔗13份、荸荠12份、六月寒6份、葱白9份、浮萍3份、胖大海7份、伽楠香2份、春尖油5份、鱼脑石7份、杜鹃花叶5份、埃蕾10份、水丁香2份、铁筷子3份、绵枣儿5份、宝盖草10份、冰片2份。具体制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)按所述重量份拣取所述中药原料;
2)将马兜铃、伽楠香、鱼脑石、埃蕾、冰片分别粉碎,过300-400目筛网,混合,得粉末A,备用;
3)将竹蔗榨汁,取蔗汁;将荸荠捣汁,去渣取荸荠汁;而后将蔗汁和荸荠汁混合,得混合汁,备用;
4)将六月寒、葱白、浮萍、胖大海、杜鹃花叶、水丁香、铁筷子、绵枣儿、宝盖草混合置于煎煮锅中,而后加入清水浸泡30min,清水加入量为没过药面1-2cm,大火煮沸后保持沸腾小火煎煮25-30min,而后滤出药液;再向锅中药渣中加入清水,清水加入量为没过药面0.5-1cm,大火煮沸后保持沸腾小火煎煮20-25min,过滤取药液;而后将两次煎煮所得药液混合,浓缩、干燥制成粉末,得粉末B,备用;
5)将春尖油加热至融化,而后加入步骤2)所得的粉末A、步骤3)所得的混合汁以及步骤4)所得的粉末B,混合均匀,即得成品中药组合物。
实施例2
一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物,包括以下重量份的中药原料:马兜铃5份、竹蔗15份、荸荠14份、六月寒8份、葱白11份、浮萍5份、胖大海9份、伽楠香3份、春尖油6份、鱼脑石9份、杜鹃花叶7份、埃蕾12份、水丁香3份、铁筷子4份、绵枣儿7份、宝盖草13份、冰片3份;具体制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物,包括以下重量份的中药原料:马兜铃6份、竹蔗17份、荸荠15份、六月寒9份、葱白12份、浮萍6份、胖大海11份、伽楠香4份、春尖油7份、鱼脑石10份、杜鹃花叶8份、埃蕾13份、水丁香4份、铁筷子5份、绵枣儿8份、宝盖草14份、冰片4份;具体制备方法同实施例1。
实施例4
一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物,包括以下重量份的中药原料:马兜铃7份、竹蔗20份、荸荠16份、六月寒10份、葱白13份、浮萍7份、胖大海13份、伽楠香5份、春尖油8份、鱼脑石11份、杜鹃花叶9份、埃蕾14份、水丁香5份、铁筷子6份、绵枣儿10份、宝盖草15份、冰片4份;具体制备方法同实施例1。
实施例5
一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物,包括以下重量份的中药原料:马兜铃10份、竹蔗22份、荸荠18份、六月寒12份、葱白15份、浮萍9份、胖大海16份、伽楠香7份、春尖油10份、鱼脑石13份、杜鹃花叶10份、埃蕾15份、水丁香7份、铁筷子8份、绵枣儿13份、宝盖草17份、冰片5份;具体制备方法同实施例1。
另外,可将上述实施例1-5所制得的中药组合物进一步应用到制备鼻炎的药物中,具体为向上述中药组合物中,加入药学上可以接受的辅料(如乳糖、淀粉、糊精等),而后按照常规的中药制剂制法,制成所需的剂型,如颗粒剂、片剂、丸剂和胶囊剂等。
临床观察统计:
1、观察对象:
选择确诊的鼻炎患者200例进行临床观察,随机分为治疗组和对照组两组,治疗组100例,其中男性50例,女性50例,年龄12-58岁,平均年龄41.5岁,病程最短者3个月,最长者5年;对照组100例,其中男性52例,女性48例,年龄12-57岁,平均年龄40.8岁,病程最短者2个月,最长者5年。治疗组和对照组两组病例的病程、症状轻重程度基本一致,无显著差异,具有可比性。
2、用药和观察方法:
治疗组:内服本发明药物,按照年龄大小及症状轻重给药,15岁以下患者每次服用有效药量0.5-1g的药物,15岁以上患者每次服用有效药量1-2g的药物,每日3次,早、中、晚饭后半小时温水送服,10天为一个疗程,治疗期间忌烟酒、辛辣、生冷、油腻食物。观察时长为6个疗程,每个疗程结束进行观察统计,观察过程中患者病愈则停止用药,其余未愈患者继续服药治疗观察。
对照组:服用市售治疗鼻炎的内服药物(如鼻炎康片、通窍鼻炎颗粒等),按照服用说明进行服用,治疗期间忌烟酒、辛辣、生冷、油腻食物。与治疗组采用相同的方式同时观察统计。
3、治疗标准:
治愈:头痛、头昏、鼻塞、流涕、嗅觉减退等症状消失,鼻镜检查鼻粘膜充血、肿胀恢复正常,一年后随访未复发;
有效:头痛、头昏、鼻塞、流涕、嗅觉减退等症状明显好转,鼻镜检查鼻粘膜充血、肿胀明显改善;
无效:症状及体征无变化或变化轻微,鼻镜检查结果与治疗前后无变化。
4、观察结果与分析
分别对治疗组和对照组病例进行临床观察,所得结果如下表1所示:
表1临床观察结果
治愈 | 有效 | 无效 | 总有效率 | |
治疗组(100例) | 43例 | 51例 | 6例 | 94% |
对照组(100例) | 36例 | 39例 | 25例 | 75% |
由上表1可以看出,治疗组的100例鼻炎患者,采用本发明药物进行治疗,其中,治愈43例,占总人数43%;有效48例,占总人数48%;无效6例,占总人数9%;总有效率达94%。而对照组100例鼻炎患者,采用市售治疗鼻炎的药物(如鼻炎康片、通窍鼻炎颗粒等)进行治疗,治愈36例,占总人数36%;有效39例,占总人数39%;无效25例,占总人数25%;总有效率为75%。两组对比可知,采用本发明药物治疗鼻炎具有更为显著的疗效,治愈率高,疗程短,治愈后不易复发。
典型病例:
病例1:翟某某,女,22岁,患慢性单纯性鼻炎一年有余,主要症状:鼻粘膜充血、肿胀,呈红色或暗红色,间歇性鼻塞,嗅觉减退,前额部胀痛,鼻甲肿大。曾先后采用多种中西药治疗,效果不佳。之后经人介绍使用本发明药物进行治疗,服用半个疗程,鼻塞和前额肿胀减轻,嗅觉逐渐恢复,鼻甲慢慢消肿,继续服用两个疗程,上述病症消失,获得痊愈,随访半年未见复发。
病例2:赵某某,男,29岁,患急性鼻炎三年,主要症状:鼻塞、喷嚏、清涕、鼻粘膜充血,鼻腔内分泌物增多。曾先后服用多种药物治疗不见好转,之后使用本发明药物进行治疗,服用一个疗程后,鼻塞、喷嚏、清涕症状减轻,鼻粘膜充血减轻,鼻腔内分泌物减少,继续服用两个疗程,病症消失,完全康复,至今未见复发。
病例3:李某某,男,36岁,患慢性肥厚性鼻炎五年,主要症状:持续性鼻塞和闭塞性鼻音严重,嗅觉减轻,有粘脓鼻涕,伴有头痛、头晕。曾先后采用多种药物治疗,效果不佳,多数只能起缓解作用,不能完全根治,反复发作,严重影响生活和工作。之后服用本发明药物治疗,服用两个疗程后,上述症状明显减轻,继续服用四个疗程,鼻塞、鼻音、流涕、头痛、头晕等症消失,嗅觉回复正常,病症痊愈,随访一年未见复发。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物包括以下重量份的中药原料:马兜铃4-10份、竹蔗13-22份、荸荠12-18份、六月寒6-12份、葱白9-15份、浮萍3-9份、胖大海7-16份、伽楠香2-7份、春尖油5-10份、鱼脑石7-13份、杜鹃花叶5-10份、埃蕾10-15份、水丁香2-7份、铁筷子3-8份、绵枣儿5-13份、宝盖草10-17份、冰片2-5份。
2.如权利要求1所述的治疗鼻炎的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物包括以下重量份的中药原料:马兜铃5-7份、竹蔗15-20份、荸荠14-16份、六月寒8-10份、葱白11-13份、浮萍5-7份、胖大海9-13份、伽楠香3-5份、春尖油6-8份、鱼脑石9-11份、杜鹃花叶7-9份、埃蕾12-14份、水丁香3-5份、铁筷子4-6份、绵枣儿7-10份、宝盖草13-15份、冰片3-4份。
3.如权利要求1所述的治疗鼻炎的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物包括以下重量份的中药原料:马兜铃6份、竹蔗17份、荸荠15份、六月寒9份、葱白12份、浮萍6份、胖大海11份、伽楠香4份、春尖油7份、鱼脑石10份、杜鹃花叶8份、埃蕾13份、水丁香4份、铁筷子5份、绵枣儿8份、宝盖草14份、冰片4份。
4.一种如权利要求1-3任一所述的治疗鼻炎的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)按所述重量份拣取所述中药原料;
2)将马兜铃、伽楠香、鱼脑石、埃蕾、冰片分别粉碎,过300-400目筛网,混合,得粉末A,备用;
3)将竹蔗榨汁,取蔗汁;将荸荠捣汁,去渣取荸荠汁;而后将蔗汁和荸荠汁混合,得混合汁,备用;
4)将六月寒、葱白、浮萍、胖大海、杜鹃花叶、水丁香、铁筷子、绵枣儿、宝盖草混合置于煎煮锅中,而后加入清水浸泡30min,清水加入量为没过药面1-2cm,大火煮沸后保持沸腾小火煎煮25-30min,而后滤出药液;再向锅中药渣中加入清水,清水加入量为没过药面0.5-1cm,大火煮沸后保持沸腾小火煎煮20-25min,过滤取药液;而后将两次煎煮所得药液混合,浓缩、干燥成粉末,得粉末B,备用;
5)将春尖油加热至融化,而后加入步骤2)所得的粉末A、步骤3)所得的混合汁以及步骤4)所得的粉末B,混合均匀,即得成品中药组合物。
5.如权利要求1-4任意一项所述的治疗鼻炎的中药组合物在制备治疗鼻炎的药物中的应用。
6.一种使用如权利要求1-4任一所述的治疗鼻炎的中药组合物制得的药物,其特征在于:所述药物由权利要求1-4任一所述的治疗鼻炎的中药组合物和药学上可以接受的辅料,按照常规中药制剂的制备方法制得。
7.如权利要求6所述的药物,其特征在于:所述药物为颗粒剂、片剂、丸剂或胶囊剂。
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