CN106072513A - 一种具有补血功效的食品、保健品或药物组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有补血功效的食品、保健品或药物组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有补血功效的食品、保健品或药物组合物，它是由下述重量配比的原料制备而成：龙眼肉2.4～3.6份、桑椹1.6～2.4份、枸杞子1.6～2.4份、覆盆子1.6～2.4份。该组合物根据中医理论合理配方，既补先天之肾，又补后天之脾；既补心、肝之血，又补肝肾之阴，且寒热平调，气血阴阳兼顾，且补益同时兼顾固涩，加强了补益的力量。功效实验表明，本发明龙眼肉、桑椹、枸杞子和覆盆子四味原料协同增效，可发挥显著的补血作用。另外，该四种原料均为药食同源的原材料，可进一步开发成具有补血功效的食品或保健品，具有广阔的市场前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有补血功效的食品、保健品或药物组合物及其制备方法，属于医药领域。
背景技术
血虚属于中医病证范畴，是指血液不足、血的营养和滋润功能减退，以致脏腑经络、形体器官等失养的病理状态，临床上以面色淡白或萎黄、毛发不泽、唇舌爪甲淡白、头晕、视物昏花、怔仲、心悸、健忘、失眠、乏力等为主要表现。血虚证在西医病种分布上，不仅见于贫血，还可见于其他疾病，如冠心病、神经官能症、病毒性心肌炎等等。
现代研究证实，血虚可导致骨髓造血功能及外周血红细胞含量和功能的减退、免疫功能下降、机体清除自由基能力降低，甚至出现多种激素分泌的紊乱、影响生育能力等严重后果，危害极大(郭平等.血虚证病理研究进展[J].山东中医杂志，2006，25(9)：643～645)。由于血虚的发病机制复杂，常伴随多个系统、器官的病理变化，现有治疗手段大多效果不佳，有的药物还具有明显的不良反应。比如，对于缺铁性贫血，目前临床上常给予铁制剂进行治疗；然而，人体摄入的铁大部分难以得到充分利用，只有少量能被机体吸收并发挥生理功效，再加上铁制剂往往具有肠胃道刺激作用，更加阻碍了药物的吸收，治疗贫血效果甚微。
因此，提供一种具有显著的补血功效，且无明显毒副作用的药物、保健品或食品，成为了一个亟待解决的问题。
龙眼肉为无患子科植物龙眼Dimocarpus longan Lour.的假种皮。其味甘性温，归心、脾经。具有补益心脾，养血安神之功效，常用于气血不足，心悸怔忡，健忘失眠，血虚萎黄。龙眼肉中主要含有葡萄糖(27％)、酒石酸(1.26％)、蔗糖、蛋白质、脂肪、多种维生素类成分。现代研究表明，龙眼肉具有促进生长发育、抗衰老、抗疲劳、提高免疫力等多种功效。
桑椹为桑科植物桑Morus alba L.的果穗。味甘、酸性寒，归肝、肾经。具有滋阴补血，生津润燥之功效，用于肝肾阴虚，眩晕耳鸣，心悸失眠，须发早白，津伤口渴，内热消渴，肠燥便秘等症。桑椹主要含有黄酮类物质，还含有类脂、有机酸、芳香油、磷脂、维生素等营关成分。现代研究表明，桑椹具有增加免疫力、促进骨髓造血、抗氧化等多种功效。
枸杞子为茄科植物宁夏枸杞Lycium barbarum L.的成熟果实。其味甘性平，归肝、肾经。具有滋补肝肾，益精明目之功效，用于虚劳精亏，腰膝酸痛，眩晕耳鸣，阳萎遗精，内热消渴，血虚萎黄，目昏不明等症。枸杞子中主要含有胡萝卜为主的色素、枸杞多糖、枸杞油、多种维生素等。现代研究表明，枸杞子具有增强免疫、抗氧化、抑制自由基、保肝、降血脂、降血糖、延缓衰老、降低视疲劳、辅助抑制肿瘤、保护生殖系统等多种功效。
覆盆子为蔷薇科植物华东覆盆子Rubus chingii Hu的干燥果实。其味甘、酸，性微温，入肝、肾经，具有益肾固精缩尿，养肝明目之功效，用于遗精滑精，遗尿尿频，阳痿早泄，目暗昏花等症。覆盆子中主要含有覆盆子酸、掌叶覆盆子劳丹苷、蛋白质、多糖、有机酸、多种维生素等成分。现代研究表明，覆盆子具有抑菌、激素样作用。
迄今，尚未见将龙眼肉、桑椹、枸杞子和覆盆子配伍用于补血的相关报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有补血功效的食品、保健品或药物组合物及其制备方法。
本发明提供了一种具有补血功效的食品、保健品或药物组合物，它是由下述重量配比的原料制备而成：龙眼肉2.4～3.6份、桑椹1.6～2.4份、枸杞子1.6～2.4份、覆盆子1.6～2.4份。
优选的，它是由下述重量配比的原料制备而成：龙眼肉3份、桑椹2份、枸杞子2份、覆盆子2份。
进一步的，它是由各重量配比原料的原生粉、水或有机溶剂的提取物，加入药学上或保健品中可接受的辅料或辅助性成份制备而成的制剂，或加入食品用辅料制备而成的食品。
更进一步的，所述的制剂为口服制剂。
更进一步的，所述的制剂为散剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、茶剂或口服液。
本发明提供了一种所述组合物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：取各重量配比的原料，直接打粉，或者加入水或有机溶剂提取，再加入药学上、保健品或食品中可接受的辅料或辅助性成份，即得。
进一步的，所述的制备方法包括如下步骤：取各重量配比的原料，加水浸泡，每次用6倍体积量水，煎煮2次，每次30分钟，合并煎液，滤过，浓缩，即得。
本发明提供了一种所述组合物在制备具有补血功效的药物、保健品或食品中的用途。
进一步的，所述的药物、保健品或食品具有治疗和/或预防血虚的功效。
更进一步的，所述的药物、保健品或食品具有治疗和/或预防失血性血虚、化学性血虚的功效。
本发明提供了一种具有补血功效的食品、保健品或药物组合物。该组合物配方合理，重用甘温的龙眼肉为君，补益心脾，养血安神，用于气血不足，心悸怔忡，健忘失眠，血虚萎黄；臣以桑椹，甘酸性寒，入肝肾经，滋阴养血，生津，润肠。主肝肾不足和血虚精亏的头晕目眩、腰酸耳鸣、须发早白、失眠多梦、津伤口渴、消渴、肠燥便秘。龙眼肉大补气血，桑椹滋阴养血，二药合用，旨在气血阴阳同补；且一温一寒，久服既不燥热、又无虚寒之弊。佐以甘平的枸杞子，滋补肝肾，益精明目；佐以甘酸，温的覆盆子，益肾，固精，缩尿。四味合用，既补先天之肾，又补后天之脾；既补心、肝之血，又补肝肾之阴，且寒热平调，气血阴阳兼顾，且补益同时兼顾固涩，加强了补益的力量。
功效实验表明，本发明龙眼肉、桑椹、枸杞子和覆盆子四味原料协同增效，可发挥显著的补血作用。另外，该四种原料均为药食同源的原材料，可进一步开发成具有补血功效的食品或保健品，具有广阔的市场前景。
显然，根据本发明的上述内容，按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段，在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下，还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式，对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
本发明具体实施方式中使用的原料、设备均为已知产品，通过购买市售产品获得。
实施例1本发明组合物合剂的制备
将龙眼肉150g、桑椹100g、枸杞子100g、覆盆子100g，加2倍体积量水浸泡30分钟，每次用6倍体积量水，煎煮2次，每次30分钟，合并煎液，滤过，浓缩成1500ml，即得。
实施例2本发明组合物颗粒剂的制备
将龙眼肉150g、桑椹100g、枸杞子100g、覆盆子100g，加2倍体积量水浸泡30分钟，每次用8倍体积量水，煎煮2次，每次60分钟，合并煎液，滤过，减压浓缩，采用常压烘干、减压干燥、喷雾干燥等任一方法干燥后，粉碎得干膏粉，加入糊精和蔗糖，混匀，湿法制粒，干燥，整粒，分装成150袋，每袋装3.0g，即得含糖型颗粒剂。或干膏粉加入其它稀释剂和非糖型甜味剂，混匀燥，整粒，分装成150袋，每袋装1.0g，即得非糖型颗粒剂。
实施例3本发明组合物丸剂的制备
将龙眼肉150g、桑椹100g、枸杞子100g、覆盆子100g，粉碎成细粉，过筛，混匀。每100g粉末加炼蜜190～210g，制成大蜜丸，即得。
实施例4本发明组合物袋泡茶剂的制备
将龙眼肉150g、桑椹100g、枸杞子100g、覆盆子100g，混合，干燥，粉碎成细粉，灭菌，装入热封纸质茶袋中，制成150包，即得袋泡茶。
以下通过实验例证明本发明的有益效果。
实验例1本发明组合物补血的功效性试验
1、试验用溶液的制备
补血方(即本发明组合物)提取物：取龙眼肉30g、桑椹20g、枸杞子20g、覆盆子20g，加2倍体积量水浸泡30分钟，每次用6倍体积量水，煎煮2次，每次30分钟，合并煎液，滤过，减压浓缩每1ml含1g生药量的浓度。
龙眼肉提取物：取龙眼肉90g,同上方法制备，即可。
桑椹提取物：取龙眼肉90g,同上方法制备，即可。
枸杞子提取物：取枸杞子90g,同上方法制备，即可。
覆盆子提取物：取覆盆子90g,同上方法制备，即可。
2、对失血性血虚小鼠影响的研究
取小鼠(昆明种，一级，雌雄各半，体重18～22g)56只，雌雄各半，随机分为7组，分别灌服补血方提取物(1.35g/kg)、龙眼肉提取物(1.35g/kg)、桑椹提取物(1.35g/kg)、枸杞子提取物(1.35g/kg)、覆盆子提取物(1.35g/kg)或同体积生理盐水，连续7天,于给药的第7日眼眶后静脉放血约0.6ml，造成小鼠失血模型，正常对照组不放血。失血后继续给药7天，末次给药1.5h后，眼眶取血，肝素抗凝，用自动血细胞分析仪测定小鼠RBC、Hb值。测定结果见表1。
表1本发明组合物对失血性血虚小鼠影响的研究结果(n＝8)
| 组别 | RBC(1012/L) | Hb(g/L) |
| 补血方提取物 | 8.72±0.73** | 151.05±9.03* |
| 龙眼肉提取物 | 8.14±0.75** | 148.03±9.82 |
| 桑椹提取物 | 8.25±0.86** | 147.88±12.86* |
| 枸杞子提取物 | 5.33±0.88 | 130.84±11.28 |
| 覆盆子提取物 | 5.22±0.87 | 137.02±13.08 |
| 正常对照 | 9.27±0.51** | 151.23±9.02* |
| 模型对照 | 5.28±0.87 | 132.26±17.21 |
注：与模型对照组比较，*P＜0.05，**P＜0.01
实验结果：小鼠放血造模后出现行动迟缓，喘促，毛蓬竖而少光泽，眼耳、尾苍白等血虚症状；与正常组比较，模型组红细胞数量和血红蛋白含量均显著下降，提示造模成功。
本发明补血方组小鼠行动敏捷，毛色正常，与正常组小鼠无明显区别；与模型组比较，本发明补血方组红细胞数量和血红蛋白含量均显著提高，表明本发明组合物对失血性血虚有明显的治疗作用。
另外，与模型组相比，单用枸杞子提取物或覆盆子提取物并不能有效提高小鼠红细胞数量或血红蛋白含量；单用龙眼肉提取物或桑椹提取物，小鼠红细胞数量或血红蛋白含量也低于本发明补血方组。
以上结果表明，本发明四味原料发挥了协同增效作用，具有显著的治疗失血性血虚的功效。
3、对化学性血虚小鼠影响的研究
取小鼠(昆明种，一级，雌雄各半，体重18～22g)56只，雌雄各半，随机分为7组，同上给药，于给药的第3日、第6日皮下注射乙酰苯肼20mg/kg、40mg/kg，从第3日起每日腹腔注射环磷酰胺40mg/kg连续5日，于末次给药1.5h后，眼眶取血，肝素抗凝，用自动血细胞分析仪测定WBC、RBC、Hb、HCT值。取血后处死小鼠，称定脾脏重量。测定结果见表2。
表2本发明组合物对化学性血虚小鼠影响的研究结果(n＝8)
注：与模型对照组比较，*P＜0.05，**P＜0.01
实验结果：小鼠经乙酰苯肼、环磷酰胺联合造模后，第4日开始出现行动迟缓、喘促、毛蓬竖而少光泽，眼、耳、尾苍白等血虚症状，本发明补血方组小鼠变化不大，行动敏捷，毛色正常，与正常组小鼠无明显区别。各实验组动物均无死亡。
模型组与正常组比较，红细胞数、白细胞数、血红蛋白含量、红细胞比容和脾脏重量均显著下降。与模型组比较，本发明补血方组红细胞数、白细胞数、血红蛋白含量、红细胞比容和脾脏重量均显著提高，表明本发明有对抗环磷酰胺所致的骨髓抑制、促进造血机能的作用。
另外，与单用枸杞子提取物、覆盆子提取物、龙眼肉提取物或桑椹提取物相比，本发明补血方组小鼠上述各项指标均处于最佳水平，表明四味原料发挥了协同增效作用，具有显著的治疗化学性血虚的功效。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有补血功效的食品、保健品或药物组合物，其特征是：它是由下述重量配比的原料制备而成：龙眼肉2.4～3.6份、桑椹1.6～2.4份、枸杞子1.6～2.4份、覆盆子1.6～2.4份。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物，其特征是：它是由下述重量配比的原料制备而成：龙眼肉3份、桑椹2份、枸杞子2份、覆盆子2份。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的组合物，其特征是：它是由各重量配比原料的原生粉、水或有机溶剂的提取物，加入药学上或保健品中可接受的辅料或辅助性成份制备而成的制剂，或加入食品用辅料制备而成的食品。
4.如权利要求3所述的组合物，其特征是：所述的制剂为口服制剂。
5.如权利要求4所述的组合物，其特征是：所述的制剂为散剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、茶剂或口服液。
6.一种权利要求1～5任意一项所述组合物的制备方法，其特征是：包括如下步骤：取各重量配比的原料，直接打粉，或者加入水或有机溶剂提取，再加入药学上、保健品或食品中可接受的辅料或辅助性成份，即得。
7.如权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征是：包括如下步骤：取各重量配比的原料，加水浸泡，每次用6倍体积量水，煎煮2次，每次30分钟，合并煎液，滤过，浓缩，即得。
8.权利要求1～5任意一项所述组合物在制备具有补血功效的药物、保健品或食品中的用途。
9.如权利要求8所述的用途，其特征是：所述的药物、保健品或食品具有治疗和/或预防血虚的功效。
10.如权利要求9所述的用途，其特征是：所述的药物、保健品或食品具有治疗和/或预防失血性血虚、化学性血虚的功效。
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