CN106062110A - 热熔性胶粘剂 - Google Patents

热熔性胶粘剂 Download PDF

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CN106062110A
CN106062110A CN201480074415.1A CN201480074415A CN106062110A CN 106062110 A CN106062110 A CN 106062110A CN 201480074415 A CN201480074415 A CN 201480074415A CN 106062110 A CN106062110 A CN 106062110A
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adhesive
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威廉·L·邦内勒
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Procter and Gamble Ltd
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Yves Industrial Co
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Abstract

一种热熔性胶粘剂材料和使用所述热熔性胶粘剂组装制品中的结构而制成的制品。通常通过共混非晶态聚合物与相容的非晶态聚合物来制造胶粘剂材料。

Description

热熔性胶粘剂
本申请由伊夫斯工业公司(IFS INDUSTRIES INC)于2014年12月18日作为PCT国际专利申请提交。伊夫斯工业公司为美国国营公司，是所有指定国的申请人，本申请的发明人为美国公民威廉·L·邦内勒(William L.Bunnelle)，仅为所有指定国的发明人。本申请要求2013年12月19日提交的美国临时专利申请第61/918434号的优先权，该临时申请的内容通过引用以其整体并入本文中。
本申请公开的是一种通用热熔性胶粘剂材料，在构建制品时可以将其施加至基底如纤维素材料、薄膜、纤维或无纺布。制造胶粘剂组合物以获得足以组装制品并获得机械稳定的产品的熔体粘度、内聚力和粘附力。胶粘剂通常包含聚合物材料的共混物，所述聚合物材料以获得在制品的制造中有用的期望且有用的构建性质的比例混合。一个实施方式为热熔性胶粘剂。第二个实施方式为使用热熔性胶粘剂的构建性质和方面制造的制品。
通过以实质上均匀的热塑性共混物的形式混合聚合物和添加剂制成普通热熔性胶粘剂。在改进的施加设备和当前的及更新的制品构建中需要使用改进的材料。在提供可获得改进的胶粘剂的材料的新配方组合和共混技术方面存在实质性需求。
胶粘剂组合物包含第一非晶态α-烯烃共聚物和第二聚合物。非晶态聚合物包含含有丁烯和一种以上的α-烯烃单体如乙烯、丙烯、戊烯、辛烯等的非晶态或无规聚合物。第二聚合物包含可以充当稀释剂、粘度调节剂、增量剂或增塑剂的非晶态材料。
本文中使用的“均聚物”是指来自于单一单体的聚合的聚合物，即，基本上由单一类型的重复单元组成的聚合物。
如在本文中使用的，术语“共聚物”是指通过至少两种不同单体的聚合形成的聚合物。例如，术语“共聚物”包括单体如丙烯或丁烯优选1-丁烯与α-烯烃如乙烯、1-己烯或1-辛烯的共聚反应产物。
如在本文中使用的，术语“丙烯共聚物(propene copolymer)”或“丙烯共聚物(propylene copolymer)”是指40重量％以上或50重量％以上的丙烯与选自包括乙烯和C4～C20α-烯烃的组中的至少一种单体的共聚物。
如在本文中使用的，术语“丁烯共聚物”是指正丁烯(1-丁烯)或2-丁烯与选自C2-3和C5-20α-烯烃的组中的至少一种单体的聚合物。丁烯共聚物通常包含最低量至少约40重量％或约50重量％以上的丁烯单体如1-丁烯。
术语“非晶态”是指基本上不存在结晶度，(即)结晶度小于5％和小于1％。术语“多相”聚合物是指具有非晶态特性并且具有至少一些能够在冷却的粘合剂(adhesive mass)中提供内聚强度的实质晶态内容物(substantial crystalline content)(至少5重量％、10重量％、20重量％、40重量％或50重量％的晶态内容物)的聚合物。晶态内容物可以呈有规立构嵌段或序列的形式。
术语“序列或嵌段”是指在组成、结晶度或其它方面相似的重复单体的聚合物部分。
如在本文中使用的，术语“开放时间”是指在将熔融的热熔性胶粘剂组合物施加至第一基底与当由于胶粘剂组合物的固化而导致在基底上的胶粘剂的有用的粘着性或浸湿实际上终止时的时间之间所经过的时间量。开放时间也称为“工作时间”。
如在本文中使用的，术语“基底”是指具有旨在用来与热熔性胶粘剂组合物接触的至少部分或完全固化的纤维、薄膜或平面的任何物品。在某些情况下，热熔性胶粘剂组合物的相同区域、圆环、珠、线、细丝或点与两个以上的基底接触以在它们之间生成粘结结合。在某些这种情况下，基底为同一物品的部分：例如，折叠的薄膜或折叠的无纺布，折叠起来的纸板片的两面，其中所述两面胶合在一起。在其它的这种情况下，基底为不同物品的部分：例如，胶着地与第二薄膜、无纺布或纸板片粘合的塑料薄膜。基底可以是不可渗透的、可渗透的、多孔的或无孔的。
如在本文中使用的，术语“实质上”通常是指相同或一致但允许或具有从限定的性质、定义等的最小的波动。例如，在本文中所述的诸如粘度、熔点等的测量的性质的小的可测量的或不可测量的波动可以来自人为误差或方法精度。其它波动由制造过程的固有变差、配方的热历史等引起。即使如此，仍将会说胶粘剂组合物实质上具有所报告的性质。
如在本文中使用的，术语“主要比例”是指材料或单体以大于50重量％使用。如在本文中使用的，术语“主要组分”是指：材料或单体在混合物或聚合物中与其它组分相比为更普遍的物质或具有更高的浓度，但可以不多至50重量％。
连接词“基本上由…组成”将权利要求的范围限制于规定的材料但包括不实质地影响请求保护的材料的基本的和新的特性的材料。这些特性包括开放时间、内聚强度(抗张强度)、剥离强度和粘度。有意义的量的第三聚合物或有意义的量的增粘剂实质地影响请求保护的材料的基本的和新的特性。
胶粘剂材料包含第一聚合物和第二非晶态聚合物，所述第一聚合物包含含有实质上非晶态或无规聚合的聚合物材料的聚烯烃共聚物，所述聚合物材料包含1-丁烯，所述第二非晶态聚合物包含相容的非晶态液态丁烯聚合物如聚异丁烯聚合物或相似的材料。聚异丁烯聚合物包含相当主要比例(大于50摩尔％且通常大于90摩尔％)的异丁烯单体。
第一非晶态聚合物典型地包含丁烯(例如)1-丁烯并且可以为可以含有乙烯、丙烯或第二C4-40烯烃聚合物的共聚物或三元共聚物。这些实质上非晶态的低结晶度聚合物具有小于10％且优选小于5％的晶态特性。
非晶态聚合物为丁烯基共聚物(最低量为至少约30重量％或40重量％或50重量％或60重量％的1-丁烯)，也可以被称作无规丁烯-α-烯烃共聚物。丁烯共聚物包含一种以上的单元，即来自丙烯的单体单元，一种以上的来自乙烯或包含4至约20个碳原子的α-烯烃的共聚单体单元。
第一共聚物包含约30摩尔％～约75摩尔％、优选约40摩尔％～约70摩尔％、约50摩尔％～约65摩尔％的来自丁烯的单元。除了来自丁烯的单元外，本共聚物含有从约70摩尔％～约30摩尔％到约60摩尔％～约40摩尔％的来自优选乙烯、丙烯或至少一种C5-10α-烯烃单体的单元。
在一个以上的实施方式中，α-烯烃共聚单体单元还可以来自其它单体如乙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烷、4-甲基-1-戊烯和/或1-辛烯。示例性α-烯烃选自由如下物质组成的组：乙烯、丁烯-1、戊烯-1、2-甲基戊烯-1、3-甲基丁烯-1、己烯-1、3-甲基戊烯-1、4-甲基戊烯-1、3,3-二甲基丁烯-1、庚烯-1、己烯-1、甲基己烯-1、二甲基戊烯-1、三甲基丁烯-1、乙基戊烯-1、辛烯-1、甲基戊烯-1、二甲基己烯-1、三甲基戊烯-1、乙基己烯-1、甲基乙基戊烯-1、二乙基丁烯-1、丙基戊烷-1、癸烯-1、甲基壬烯-1、壬烯-1、二甲基辛烯-1、三甲基庚烯-1、乙基辛烯-1、甲基乙基丁烯-1、二乙基己烯-1、十二碳烯-1和十六碳烯-1(hexadodecene-1)。
在一个以上的实施方式中，非晶态共聚物包含约30摩尔％～约75摩尔％、优选约40摩尔％～约00摩尔％的来自丁烯的单元和从约70摩尔％～约30摩尔％到约60摩尔％～约40摩尔％、约50摩尔％～约65摩尔％的来自至少一种选自乙烯、丙烯、1-己烯或1-辛烯的α-烯烃单体的单元。可以在约0.1摩尔％～20摩尔％的范围内使用少量的一种或多种α-烯烃单体。非晶态聚合物具有约1000～约25000以下，优选约2000～20000的重均分子量(Mw)。
在一个以上的实施方式中，第一共聚物包含约30摩尔％～约70摩尔％、优选约40摩尔％～约60摩尔％的来自丁烯的单元和从约70摩尔％～约30摩尔％到约60摩尔％～约40摩尔％的来自丙烯的单元，同时可以在约0.1摩尔％～20摩尔％的范围内使用少量的一种或多种α-烯烃单体。
非晶态聚合物具有约1000～约50000以下，优选约5000～45000的重均分子量(Mw)。
当在190℃下通过ASTM D3236测定时，非晶态共聚物具有小于10000mPa·s(1厘泊[cps]＝1mPa·s)的粘度，例如约2000～8000mPa·s。根据ASTM D-3236确定熔体粘度，其在本文中也称为“粘度”和/或“布鲁克费尔德粘度(Brookfield viscosity)”。
非晶态聚烯烃的一些实例包括由亨斯迈(Huntsman)制造的包括Rextac E-62、E-65的Rextac聚合物。参见例如发明人为Sustic的美国专利号5723546对聚合物的说明，并且将其明确地并入本文中。其它有用的非晶态聚合物以和材料销售。
胶粘剂材料包含与第一共聚物中的1-丁烯组分相容的第二聚合物。这种相容性源自包含至少一种丁烯单体(1-丁烯、顺式和反式-2-丁烯和异丁烯)同分异构体的液态非晶态材料。与诸如具有常规烃特性的白油的常规增塑油不同，有用的材料是充分相容的，结果在改善内聚性质的同时改善附加加工性能特性(add-on processabilitycharacteristic)、降低粘度、保持粘结结合。如在本公开中所使用的以下术语，聚合物的共混物的“相容的或相容性”是指(1)材料共混成均匀的热熔体，和(2)为构建目的而保持非晶态1-丁烯聚合物和第二非晶态聚合物的按重量计(70/30～50/50)的混合物的内聚强度。优选的材料包含相容的增量剂、稀释剂和粘度调节剂如聚异丁烯聚合物。聚合物可以包含主要比例的异丁烯单元，或可以表示为：
[-C(CH3)2-CH2-]n；
其中n＝15～75。优选的材料如聚异丁烯为分子量为约200～20000、约200～5000或约500～3000的粘性液体。优选的液态材料具有在100℃下为约100～20000的赛氏通用秒(Saybolt Universal seconds，SUS)粘度。聚异丁烯的性能特点为低透气性和对酸、碱、和盐溶液的作用的高耐受性，以及高介电指数(dielectric index)。它们在太阳光和紫外线的作用下逐渐降解(炭黑的添加减缓该过程)。在工业中，通过在从-80℃到-100℃的温度下的单体的离子(AlCl3催化的)聚合来制造聚异丁烯；使用橡胶工业的普通设备对聚异丁烯进行加工。聚异丁烯容易与天然或合成橡胶、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯和酚醛树脂混合。
在某些实施方式中，增塑剂包括聚丙烯、聚丁烯、氢化聚异戊二烯、氢化聚丁二烯、聚间戊二烯、间戊二烯和异戊二烯的共聚物等，它们具有在约350与约10000之间的平均分子量。在其它实施方式中，增塑剂包括通常的脂肪酸的甘油酯。
如上所述，使优选的组合物的实施方式为实质上不含有效量的常规增粘剂材料，其可以增加胶粘剂材料的开放时间、基底浸湿或粘性的任意方面。避免增粘剂的使用降低成本并且使配方设计师避免使用短缺的材料。此外，增粘剂能够赋予一次性制品令人不悦的气味，并且也能够充当低分子量增塑剂(如用在SBC类胶粘剂中的工艺油(process oil))的载体，所述低分子量增塑剂能够弱化在婴儿尿布中使用的聚乙烯背衬材料。由于在这些制品中使用的聚乙烯薄膜厚度变小，背衬一体性正变得越来越重要。术语“常规增粘剂树脂”是指用在典型的热熔性胶粘剂中的在胶粘剂领域和工业中通常可以得到的那些树脂。包括在该范围内的常规增粘树脂的实例包括：脂族烃树脂、芳族改性的脂族烃树脂、氢化聚环戊二烯树脂、聚环戊二烯树脂、松香、松香酯、木松香、木松香酯、妥尔油松香、妥尔油松香酯、多萜烯、芳族改性的多萜烯、萜烯酚树脂、芳族改性的氢化聚环戊二烯树脂、氢化脂族树脂、氢化脂族芳族树脂、氢化萜烯和改性的萜烯和氢化松香酯。在常规配方中经常以从约5重量％至约65重量％范围的量使用这种树脂。经常为约20重量％至30重量％。
在另外的实施方式中，本文中公开的组合物可以任选地包含抗氧化剂或稳定剂。本领域普通技术人员已知的任何抗氧化剂都可以用在本文中公开的胶粘组合物中。合适的抗氧化剂的非限制性实例包括胺基抗氧化剂如烷基二苯胺、苯基萘胺、烷基或芳烷基取代的苯基萘胺、烷基化的对苯二胺、四甲基-二氨基二苯胺等；和受阻酚化合物如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲酚；1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3',5'-二-叔丁基-4'-羟基苄基)苯；四[(亚甲基(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸酯)]甲烷(例如，IRGANOXTM1010，来自汽巴嘉基公司(CibaGeigy)，纽约)；3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基肉桂酸十八烷基酯(例如，IRGANOXTM 1076，可从汽巴嘉基公司购得)和它们的组合。当使用时，组合物中的抗氧化剂的量可以为组合物的总重量的从约大于0重量％至约1重量％，从约0.05重量％至约0.75重量％，或从约0.1重量％至约0.5重量％。
在另外的实施方式中，本文中公开的组合物可以任选地包含可以防止或降低因辐射导致的组合物的降解的UV稳定剂。本领域普通技术人员已知的任何UV稳定剂都可以用在本文中公开的胶粘组合物中。合适的UV稳定剂的非限制性实例包括二苯甲酮、苯并三唑、芳基酯、草酰替苯胺、丙烯酸酯、甲脒炭黑(formamidine carbon black)、受阻胺、镍猝灭剂(nickel quencher)、受阻胺、酚类抗氧化剂、金属盐、锌化合物和它们的组合。当使用时，组合物中UV稳定剂的量可以为组合物的总重量的从约大于0重量％至约1重量％，从约0.05重量％至约0.75重量％，或从约0.1重量％至约0.5重量％。
在另外的实施方式中，本文中公开的组合物可以任选地包含增白剂、着色剂或颜料。本领域普通技术人员已知的任何着色剂或颜料都可以用在本文中公开的胶粘组合物中。合适的增白剂、着色剂或颜料的非限制性实例包括荧光材料和颜料如三嗪-茋、香豆素、咪唑、二唑、二氧化钛和炭黑、酞菁颜料，和其它有机颜料如IRGAZINB、CROMOPHTALB、MONASTRALB、CINQUASIAB、IRGALITEB、ORASOLB，它们都可以从纽约柏油村的汽巴精化(CibaSpecialty Chemical)获得。在使用时，组合物中的增白剂、着色剂或颜料的量可以为组合物的总重量的从约大于0重量％至约10重量％，从约0.01重量％至约5重量％或从约0.1重量％至约2重量％。
本文公开的组合物也可以任选地包含芳香剂如香料或其它着嗅剂。这种芳香剂可以由衬垫保持或包含在隔离剂如微胶囊(microcapsule)中，其可以例如在从组合物除去防粘衬里时或在压缩组合物时释放芳香剂。
在另外的实施方式中，本文中公开的组合物可以任选地包含填料。本领域普通技术人员已知的任何填料都可以用在本文中公开的胶粘组合物中。合适的填料的非限制性实例包括沙子、滑石、白云石、碳酸钙、粘土、二氧化硅、云母、硅灰石、长石、硅酸铝、氧化铝、水合氧化铝、玻璃珠、玻璃微球、陶瓷微球、热塑性微球、重晶石、木粉和它们的组合。在使用时，组合物中的填料的量可以为从约大于0重量％至约60重量％，从约1重量％至约50重量％，或从约5重量％至约40重量％。
表1-不含增粘剂的示例性胶粘剂组合物
热熔性胶粘剂组合物具有适合用于常规热熔性胶粘剂施加设备的熔体流变性和热稳定性。热熔性胶粘剂组合物的共混组分在施加温度下具有低熔体粘度，从而使组合物更容易流过涂布装置例如涂布模头或喷嘴，而不用借助于在组合物中包含溶剂或增量油。在176.66℃下使用采用27号转子(50rpm，350℉)的Brookfield thermosel RVT粘度计得到的以毫帕斯卡·秒或厘泊(cP)计的热熔性胶粘剂组合物的熔体粘度为在1500cP与3500cP之间或约2000cP至3000cP。热熔性胶粘剂组合物具有约80℃至140℃的软化点(ASTM D3461-97，梅特勒(Mettler)软化点方法的标准试验方法)，在某些实施方式中为约115℃至130℃。热熔性胶粘剂组合物的典型但非限制性的工业应用包括由无纺布材料、薄膜、微孔薄膜等制成的卫生的一次性消费品，例如，尿布、女性护理垫、餐巾纸、医院手术单(surgical drape)和药棉块等，它们受益于在向各种基底施加热熔性胶粘剂组合物的自动化手段中最终使用的低温柔性、耐热性和效率。
制品包括具有任何两个以上通过热熔性胶粘剂组合物胶合的基底的物品。在这种制品中胶合的基底由如下形成：诸如纸板、纸的材料，热塑性塑料例如聚酯如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，聚酰胺如尼龙，或聚丙烯，热固性聚合物，和它们的组合物、共混物或层状复合物，并且在某些实施方式中包含蜡的涂层、丙烯酸酯聚合物，或其它材料；着色剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、工艺润滑剂等以及任何这些材料的组合。所述基底包括固态的、无孔物品和片以及多孔物品和片，诸如无纺织物、纸、棉絮、可伸展且透气的聚丙烯和聚乙烯和共聚物等。
另一个方面为采用热熔性胶粘剂组合物的制造方法。所述方法涉及向基底施加熔融的组合物，随后在向第一基底施加胶粘剂组合物后的0.1秒至5秒内使胶粘剂组合物与第二基底接触，其中所述接触导致基底之间的粘结结合。
再一个方面为包含热熔性胶粘剂组合物的制造的制品，其中所述制品包含至少两个通过一定量的热熔性胶粘剂组合物胶合的基底。典型的制造的制品包括卫生的一次性消费品，例如尿布、女性护理垫、餐巾纸以及诸如此类的制品，诸如由低能量和较高能量材料的组合而形成的制品例如具有聚乙烯包装和/或聚丙烯标签的纸浆或纸板、或具有保护性塑料盖部(plastic top)的无纺布。一般来讲，使用热熔性胶粘剂组合物有利地粘合的制品受益于在向基底施加胶粘剂组合物的自动化手段中最终使用的低温柔性、耐热性和效率。
通过如下所述的熔融共混配制热熔性胶粘剂组合物，其中具体组分和组分的量如下所示。在使用胶粘剂制造的制品中，通过在聚合物薄膜与纤维或纤维块(fiber mass)之间形成粘结结合，可以制造所述制品。所述制品还可以包含在聚合物薄膜与无纺织物之间形成的粘结结合。另外，可以通过在包含聚合物薄膜的外部层与包含纤维垫(fiber map)或无纺织物的内部组件的多层结构之间形成粘结结合来制造制品。
可以将胶粘剂材料用作组装常见的一次性消费品(consumer disposal article)的构建胶粘剂。这种制品包括婴儿尿布、成人尿布、床垫、卫生产品和其它吸收制品。典型地至少将聚合物薄膜与其它薄膜和纤维材料结合而制成这些制品。纤维材料可以包括纤维织物如机织物或无纺织物、呈纤维毡形式的纤维、纤维集合体(fiber collection)、纤维球等。
这种吸收制品通常包含保持在制品中的吸收剂。通常使用无纺内衬覆盖吸收剂。这种衬垫包含使流体或水分从制品的内部通向吸收层中的高可渗透材料如纺粘无纺结构。在吸收制品中形成的吸收层或结构通常包含用于实质性地吸收释放到吸收制品中的液体或流体材料的目的的纤维块垫或纤维素浆或木浆。纤维或绒毛可以包含纤维素纤维，合成纤维或它们的混合物如木纤维、纤维素纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维或其它经常包含超吸收材料的纤维材料的共混物。超或高吸收材料被用于增加吸收制品的吸收容量。这种材料为包括改性天然树胶和树脂的有机材料，但也经常包括合成聚合物材料如水凝胶。在吸收功能方面可以使用羧甲基纤维素、丙烯酸类聚合物的碱金属盐、聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯基酸酐聚合物和共聚物、聚乙烯基醚聚合物和共聚物、羟烷基纤维素聚合物和共聚物、聚乙烯基磺酸聚合物和共聚物、聚丙烯酸类聚合物、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮聚合物和共聚物。
用在这种一次性制品中的无纺织物层通常为包含天然或合成纤维的粘合组件的普通平面结构。
经常使用包括纺粘、熔融粘合等的各种技术来制造这种无纺材料。经常通过如下制造这种无纺材料：以实质上随机的模式随机地放置纤维或粗纱，然后使用纤维的固有粘合特性或通过使用施加至纤维的树脂材料粘合纤维进行热粘合。可以使用各种聚合物制造无纺材料，所述聚合物包括聚烯烃、聚酯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯聚合物、乙烯丙烯酸聚合物等。
制品的外部经常包含不透液性聚合物薄膜。在某些方面，可以使用另外的外部层进一步对外部聚合物薄膜进行改性以使外部聚合物薄膜获得更像布的或无纺特性。外部薄膜通常包含聚合物薄膜的单层但也可以为多层薄膜结构。典型的聚合物片材包含高抗张强度聚合物，其包括聚酯、聚烯烃或其它可以形成薄膜层的热塑性片材。聚烯烃或聚酯聚合物材料经常被形成为片并且被进行处理以改善强度、柔性和耐刺穿性。包括双轴取向、热处理或表面处理的技术可以改善聚合物薄膜的薄膜特性。这种聚合物薄膜经常具有在约十至约一百微米的范围内的厚度。
我们已经提及的吸收制品的一个实施方式包含非渗透且透气的聚合物薄膜和织物、吸收层垫片(pad)或垫(mat)和无纺内部层。使用胶粘剂组装这三种组件结构，所述胶粘剂使用将无纺内部层粘附至聚合物薄膜同时在它们之间保持吸收层的制造技术进行施加。
胶粘剂组合物可以作为热熔性胶粘剂在熔融条件下被施加至基底，或可以被涂布、施加或喷涂在聚合物薄膜无纺布或吸收垫上。典型地使用狭缝式涂布(slot coat)、喷涂、或雾化特性以珠状、点图案、螺旋图案或使用这种诺信(Nordson)施加技术的其它常规图案施加胶粘剂。在优选的实施方式中，在增大的机器速度下使用狭缝式涂布(使用诺信真涂布模头(Nordson true coat)或速度涂布槽(Speed coat slot))将胶粘剂组合物的组合物施加至基底。
典型地以所得粘合材料的约0.1至约20或约0.2至约10或约0.3至约15克每平方米(g/m2)的量施加材料。对于卫生产品或一次性尿布制品，可以以0.5至2g/m2、0.6至1.7g/m2或0.7至1.5g/m2的附加率使用胶粘剂材料。对于餐巾纸构建、弹性附件(elasticattachment)和其它一次性用品，可以实现相似的低附加率。公开的材料的特别优选的应用包括婴儿尿布构建、尿布底架(diaper chassis)构建、尿布芯稳定化(diaper corestabilization)、尿布外覆盖层、卫生巾构建和芯稳定化、卫生巾胶粘带等。
实验
通过在高温下在混合条件下共混第一非晶态共聚物、第二相容共聚物和抗氧化剂以形成完全均质化的熔体而制备了一些热熔性胶粘剂组合物。根据获得均匀性的需要，混合温度在约135℃至约200℃、优选约150℃至约175℃之间变化。使用传统的加热搅拌叶片混合器以确保在加热容器中完全均化成最终胶粘剂组合物。
实施例1-3
如下所述，通过熔融共混配制热熔性胶粘剂组合物，其中具体组分和组分的量在下表2中示出。
表2-实验准备
比较例1
如下所述，通过熔融共混配制热熔性胶粘剂组合物，其中具体组分和组分的量在下表3中示出。
表3-实验准备
比较例1和2形成具有不足以有效测量的内聚/胶粘强度的非均匀组合物。
数据表明：所述材料将在一次性吸收制品中提供优异的构建粘合。应注意，粘度涉及材料在一定条件下流动的阻力。该独特性质决定了由熔融聚合物产生的流动性、润湿度和基底的渗透。这提供熔融聚合物作为热熔性胶粘剂材料的加工性和实用性的指示。
熔体粘度通常直接涉及聚合物分子量并且在规定温度下使用Brookfield DV-II+Pro(旋转10rpm-转子#SC4-27)测量并以毫帕斯卡·秒(mP·s)或厘泊(cP)报告。
典型地使用ASTM D3104测定以摄氏度或华氏度计的梅特勒软化点。聚烯烃材料的非晶态性质导致不明显或不确定的熔点。而是随着温度上升，非晶态聚合物逐渐从固体变软，然后变为液态材料。经常会注意到没有清楚确定的玻璃转化或熔化温度。该温度证明(temperature testament)导致通常测定如下的精确温度作为软化点，在该精确温度处以每分钟2℃或每分钟10℉的速度加热的聚合物样品的盘变得足够软而使试验对象即钢球(克(gram))向下贯穿该样品。以摄氏度或华氏度报告的聚合物的软化点是重要的，因为其通常指示聚合物的耐热性、有用的施加温度和凝固点。
通过使用如在表4中所示的层压条件从SMS无纺(11.6g/m2)微多孔聚乙烯薄膜(0.5密耳/0.127微米)形成层压体来获得剥离试验值。在横向方向(cross machinedirection)上将层压体切成1英寸/25.4mm宽的条。在15个周期内求剥离力的平均值的情况下，通过在室温下使用TMax拉引测试机在20英寸/秒/50.8cm/秒的速度下分离层压体测定剥离力。
权利要求书可以适当地包含任何公开的或引用的要素，由任何公开的或引用的要素组成，实质上由任何公开的或引用的要素组成，或基本上不含任何公开的或引用的要素。在本文中说明性地公开的本发明也可以在缺乏在本文中没有具体公开的任何要素的情况下适当地实施。上述各种实施方式仅以说明的方式提供并且不应被解释为限制所附的权利要求书。在不被背离权利要求书的真正主旨和范围的情况下，且在不遵循本文中示出和说明的示例性实施方式和应用的情况下，可以进行各种修改和改变。

Claims (15)

1.一种热熔性胶粘剂组合物，其基本上由如下组成：
(i)非晶态聚烯烃共聚物组合物，其包含40％以上的1-丁烯；和
(ii)第二非晶态聚合物，其包含至少一种丁烯单体，所述聚合物具有至少1000的分子量(MWn)，其中所述聚合物与所述聚烯烃相容。
2.权利要求1的胶粘剂，其中，
所述胶粘剂基本上不含增粘剂。
3.权利要求1～2的胶粘剂，其中，
所述第二非晶态聚合物包含分子量为约200～20000且100℃下的赛氏通用秒(SUS)粘度为约100～20000的粘性液体。
4.权利要求1～3的胶粘剂，其中，
所述非晶态聚烯烃聚合物包含小于50重量％的一种以上的α-烯烃C2或C4-20单体。
5.权利要求1～4的胶粘剂，其中，
所述第二非晶态聚合物包含分子量为1500～6000的聚异丁烯。
6.权利要求1～5的胶粘剂，其中，
所述的胶粘剂为约50重量％～90重量％的所述非晶态聚合物和约10重量％～50重量％的聚异丁烯。
7.权利要求1～6的胶粘剂，其中，
所述胶粘剂的密度小于0.9g/cm3。
8.权利要求1～7的胶粘剂，其中，
所述胶粘剂的密度小于0.87g/cm3。
9.一种热熔性胶粘剂组合物，其基本上由如下组成：
(i)约90重量％～10重量％的非晶态聚烯烃组合物，其包含60％以上的1-丁烯；
(ii)约0.1重量％～50重量％的聚异丁烯；其中所述胶粘剂基本上不含增粘剂；其中所述胶粘剂的密度小于0.9g/cm3。
10.权利要求8所述的胶粘剂，其中，
所述非晶态聚合物包含小于50重量％的一种以上的α-烯烃C2或C4-20单体。
11.权利要求8～10的胶粘剂，其中，
所述聚异丁烯具有约2000～3000的分子量。
12.权利要求8～11的胶粘剂，其中，
所述胶粘剂的密度小于0.9g/cm3。
13.权利要求8～12的胶粘剂，其中，
所述胶粘剂的密度小于0.87g/cm3。
14.一种一次性制品，其包含与薄膜、纤维、纤维素片或无纺布结合的基底，在所述薄膜、纤维、纤维素片或无纺布与所述基底之间具有包含权利要求1～13的胶粘剂的粘结结合。
15.一种一次性尿布制品，其包含与薄膜、纤维、纤维素片或无纺布结合的基底，在所述薄膜、纤维、纤维素片或无纺布与所述基底之间具有包含权利要求1～13的胶粘剂的粘结结合。
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