CN106061932A - 环氧烷烃加成物的制造方法和环氧烷烃加成物 - Google Patents

环氧烷烃加成物的制造方法和环氧烷烃加成物 Download PDF

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CN106061932A
CN106061932A CN201480077023.0A CN201480077023A CN106061932A CN 106061932 A CN106061932 A CN 106061932A CN 201480077023 A CN201480077023 A CN 201480077023A CN 106061932 A CN106061932 A CN 106061932A
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alkylene oxide
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古田章宏
冈田和寿
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Takemoto Oil and Fat Co Ltd
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Abstract

提供可以同时实现下述效果的环氧烷烃加成物的制造方法和这样的环氧烷烃加成物:可以以从小规模至大规模中的任意规模连续制造环氧烷烃加成物;此外,可以高精度地控制加成反应时的温度和压力,作为结果可以连续制造无着色、分子量分布窄的高品质的环氧烷烃加成物。使用具有内径为0.05~3.5mm的流路的微流式反应器,向该流路以液体状态连续供给规定量的环氧烷烃和规定量的具有活性氢原子的有机化合物,在该流路的温度为70~200℃、该流路的供给口的压力为1~10MPa的条件下使其通过并反应,由此制造环氧烷烃加成物。

Description

环氧烷烃加成物的制造方法和环氧烷烃加成物
技术领域
本发明涉及环氧烷烃加成物的制造方法和环氧烷烃加成物,更详细地,涉及使用具有管状流路的微流式反应器制造环氧烷烃加成物的方法和通过所述方法得到的环氧烷烃加成物。
背景技术
以往,环氧烷烃加成物一般通过间歇式反应法制造。间歇式反应法是下述方法:向压热釜中投入作为原料的具有活性氢原子的有机化合物和催化剂,注入环氧烷烃后,在加压下以规定温度使其反应,从而制造环氧烷烃加成物(例如,参考专利文献1~3)。但是,在通过所述间歇式反应法制造环氧烷烃加成物的方法中,存在下述问题:1)不能连续制造环氧烷烃加成物;2)由于用大型装置进行高压下的加成反应,因此存在爆炸的危险;3)还有时通过气液反应进行,难以控制加成反应时的温度、压力,发生着色、分子量分布变宽等,品质下降;4)制造装置昂贵等。作为所述间歇式反应法的改良法,提出了使用管型反应器的连续反应法(例如,参考专利文献4和5),但所述通过以往的连续反应法制造环氧烷烃加成物的方法中存在下述问题:1)仍然难以控制加成反应时的温度、压力,发生着色、分子量分布变宽等,品质降低;2)量产困难等。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开平7-48305号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2008-50293号公报
专利文献3:日本特开2008-120737号公报
专利文献4:日本特开昭52-151108号公报
专利文献5:日本特开昭53-90208号公报。
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
本发明要解决的课题在于,提供可以同时实现下述效果的环氧烷烃加成物的制造方法和这样的环氧烷烃加成物:可以以从小规模至大规模中的任意规模连续制造环氧烷烃加成物;此外,可以高精度地控制加成反应时的温度和压力,作为结果可以连续制造无着色、分子量分布窄的高品质的环氧烷烃加成物。
解决课题的手段
本发明的发明者们进行了为解决上述课题而必要的研究,结果是发现下述方法是正确且适合的:作为制造环氧烷烃加成物的方法,使用具有特定内径的管状流路的微流式反应器,向该流路以液体状态连续供给规定量的环氧烷烃和规定量的具有活性氢原子的有机化合物,使两者通过该流路并在特定的条件下反应。
即本发明涉及环氧烷烃加成物的制造方法,其特征在于,在使用具有管状流路的微流式反应器的环氧烷烃加成物的制造方法中,使用具有内径为0.05~3.5mm的流路的微流式反应器,向该流路以液体状态连续供给规定量的环氧烷烃和规定量的具有活性氢原子的有机化合物,在该流路的温度为70~200℃、该流路的供给口的压力为1~10MPa的条件下使其通过并反应。此外,本发明涉及通过所述环氧烷烃加成物的制造方法得到的环氧烷烃加成物。
本发明所涉及的环氧烷烃加成物的制造方法(以下简称本发明的制造方法)是如下所述的方法:使用特定的微流式反应器,向其流路以液体状态连续供给环氧烷烃加成物和具有活性氢原子的有机化合物,并使其通过该流路并反应,得到环氧烷烃加成物。
本发明的制造方法中使用的微流式反应器具有管状流路,所述流路的内径为0.05~3.5mm,优选为0.08~2.8mm,更优选为0.15~2.5mm。本发明的制造方法中,可以将多个所述微流式反应器串联和/或并联地连接使用。多个微流式反应器不必具有全部相同内径的流路,可以在前述内径范围内根据需要连接具有不同内径的流路。各微流式反应器的流路的长度、构成材料的材质等可以根据所制造的环氧烷烃加成物的种类来适当选择。
作为供于本发明的制造方法的环氧烷烃,可以举出环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、1,2-环氧丁烷、四氢呋喃等,其中优选环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷。
作为供于本发明的制造方法的具有活性氢原子的有机化合物,可以举出:1)甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、戊醇、己醇、庚醇、辛醇、癸醇、十二烷醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、山梨醇和季戊四醇等碳原子数为1~22的一元至六元脂肪族醇;2)二乙二醇、乙二醇单丁醚、二乙二醇单丁醚、二丙三醇、四乙二醇、丙二醇1-单甲醚和四氢糠醇等具有醚基的一元至六元脂肪族醇;3)甲胺、乙胺、丙胺、丁胺、戊胺、己胺、庚胺、辛胺、癸胺和十二烷基胺等碳原子数为1~22的单烷基胺;4)二甲胺、二乙胺、丙基甲胺、二丁胺、戊基甲胺、己基甲胺、辛基甲胺、二壬胺、二月桂胺、肉豆蔻基甲胺、二鲸蜡基胺、硬脂基甲胺、二十烷基甲胺(アラキニルメチルアミン)、2-十四碳烯基甲胺、2-十五碳烯基甲胺、2-十八碳烯基甲胺、15-十六碳烯基甲胺、油烯基甲胺、亚油烯基甲胺和桐油烯基甲胺等碳原子数为1~22的二烷基胺;5)单乙醇胺、单异丙醇胺、二乙醇胺、二丙醇胺、三乙醇胺和三异丙醇胺等分子中具有1~3个羟基的烷醇胺;6)二乙基乙醇胺、二丁基乙醇胺、乙基二乙醇胺、丁基二乙醇胺、硬脂基二异丙醇胺等具有碳原子数为1~18的烷基的烷基二烷醇胺和二烷基烷醇胺;7)N-2-羟基乙基氨基乙胺、N,N-二(2-羟基乙基)氨基丙胺、N,N,N',N'-四(2-羟基丙基)-乙二胺和N,N-二(2-羟基丙基)-N'-2-羟基丙基-N'',N''-二(2-羟基丙基)-二亚乙基三胺等分子中具有1~5个羟基的烷氧基化多胺;8)乙醇酸、乳酸、苹果酸、羟基丁酸、羟基硬脂酸、酒石酸、四羟基琥珀酸和葡萄糖酸等分子中具有1~5个羟基的羟基羧酸;9)由1摩尔的己酸、辛酸、月桂酸、硬脂酸、棕榈油酸、油酸等碳原子数为6~18的饱和或不饱和的脂肪族单羧酸与1摩尔的乙二醇、丁二醇得到的二元脂肪族醇的脂肪酸单酯;由1~2摩尔的前述脂肪族单羧酸与1摩尔的丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷得到的三元脂肪族醇的脂肪酸单酯或二酯;由1~3摩尔的前述脂肪族单羧酸与1摩尔的季戊四醇得到的四元脂肪族醇的脂肪酸单酯~三酯,由1~5摩尔的前述脂肪族单羧酸和1摩尔的山梨醇(sorbitol)得到的六元脂肪族醇的脂肪酸单酯~五酯;以及由前述脂肪族单羧酸和脱水山梨醇、山梨糖醇(sorbite)得到的偏酯等。其中,作为具有活性氢原子的有机化合物,优选碳原子数为1~6的一元脂肪族醇、碳原子数为1~4的二元脂肪族醇、丙三醇、二丙三醇、季戊四醇、碳原子数为1~6的单烷基胺和碳原子数为1~6的二烷基胺,更优选碳原子数为1~6的一元脂肪族醇和碳原子数为1~6的单烷基胺。
在本发明的制造方法中优选使用催化剂。作为所述催化剂,可以举出氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、钠醇盐、钾醇盐等的碱催化剂。其中优选氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、甲醇钠和叔丁醇钾。所述催化剂可以供给至与环氧烷烃、具有活性氢原子的有机化合物不同的微流式反应器的流路,也可以担载于流路内,但优选与具有活性氢原子的有机化合物混合后供给至微流式反应器的流路。
本发明的制造方法中,向微流式反应器的流路以液体状态连续供给规定量的环氧烷烃和规定量的具有活性氢原子的有机化合物、以及规定量的催化剂,在该流路的温度为70~200℃、优选80~180℃、该流路的供给口的压力为1~10MPa、优选1.5~5.0MPa的条件下,通常以0.5~600分钟、优选1~200分钟使其通过该流路并反应。
本发明的制造方法中,优选将使用混合器混合环氧烷烃和具有活性氢原子的有机物、以及催化剂得到的混合物供给至微流式反应器。其中,优选如下方式:具有两个以上的独立供给路和连接于这些供给路的合流部的一个排出路(送液路),向混合器内以液体状态从一条供给路供给液体的环氧烷烃、此外从另一条供给路供给具有活性氢原子的有机化合物、以及催化剂,排出在混合器内混合得到的混合物,供给至微流式反应器。作为所述混合器,可以举出微型混合器。
作为微型混合器,供给路和排出路的内径优选为0.01~3.5mm,更优选为0.01~1.5mm,特别优选为0.04~0.8mm。供给路和排出路的截面形状没有特别限定,可以根据目的适当地进行选择。
作为具有两个供给路的微型混合器,可以举出T字型微型混合器、Y字型微型混合器等。此外,作为具有三个供给路的微型混合器,可以举出十字型微型混合器等。
作为如上说明的微型混合器,可以利用市售品,可以举出例如Institute fürMikrotechnik Mainz(IMM)公司制的商品名Single Mixer和Caterpillar Mixer;Microglass公司制的商品名Microglass Reactor;CPC Systems公司制的商品名Cytos;山武公司制的商品名YM-1型混合器和YM-2型混合器;岛津GLC公司制的商品名Mixing Tee;マイクロ化学技研公司制的商品名IMT Chip Reactor;Toray Engineering公司制的商品名Micro High Mixer;Swagelok公司制的商品名Union Tee等。
将环氧烷烃、具有活性氢原子的有机化合物以及碱催化剂以液体状态供给至微型混合器的供给路的方法没有特别限制。例如,可以将具有活性氢原子的有机化合物和碱催化剂预先混合,将其混合液供给至微型混合器的供给路。
本发明的制造方法中,可以根据目的适当设置并使用送流装置、液量调节计、贮藏容器、储液装置、温度调整装置、传感器装置等装置。
发明效果
根据本发明,可以同时实现下述效果:可以以从小规模至大规模中的任意规模连续制造环氧烷烃加成物;此外,可以高精度地控制加成反应时的温度和压力,作为结果可以连续制造无着色、分子量分布窄的高品质的环氧烷烃加成物。
以下,为了使本发明的构成和效果更加具体而举出实施例等,但本发明不受这些实施例的限制。应予说明,以下的实施例和比较例中,份表示质量份,%表示质量%。
实施例
试验分类1(环氧烷烃加成物的制造)
实施例1
使用将T字型微型混合器的排出口(送液口)连接于微流式反应器的供给口得到的装置。向T字型微型混合器的第一供给路(内径0.2mm)定量地连续供给环氧乙烷,同时向第二供给路(内径0.2mm)定量地连续供给甲醇和甲醇钠的混合液,使环氧乙烷、甲醇和甲醇钠在该T字型微型混合器的排出路(内径0.2mm)中合流从而混合。接着,从T字型微型混合器的排出口介由微流式反应器的供给口向管状的流路(SUS316制,内径1mm,长度20m)定量地连续供给液体状态的混合液,在该微流式反应器的管状流路的温度为90℃、供给口的压力为2.6MPa的条件下,以20分钟使混合液通过该流路并反应,得到环氧烷烃加成物。
实施例2~12
以与实施例1同样的方式,在表1记载的装置规格和反应条件下得到各实施例的环氧烷烃加成物。
比较例1
以与实施例1同样的方式,得到环氧烷烃加成物。装置规格和反应条件如表1所记载,但在此使用具有内径为81mm的流路的流反应器,在其供给口的压力为0.4MPa的条件下使其反应。
比较例2
向内容量为2L的不锈钢制压热釜中投入100g甲醇和4g甲醇钠,将压热釜内部用氮气置换3次后,在温度为90℃的条件下,经2小时导入环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷=43/57(质量比)的混合物1330g,在此期间使温度升高至140℃。进一步进行1小时的熟化,结束反应。将反应体系冷却至室温后,减压除去残留的微量环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷,得到环氧烷烃加成物。
比较例3
向内容量为10L的不锈钢制压热釜中投入600g甲醇和24.4g甲醇钠,将压热釜内部用氮气置换3次后,在温度为90℃的条件下,在经2小时导入7425g环氧乙烷时,由于发生伴有急剧的温度上升和压力上升的异常反应,因此停止反应,进一步进行1小时的熟化,得到环氧烷烃加成物。
以上各例中使用的装置的规格、反应条件等总结示于表1。
[表1]
表1中:
AO:环氧烷烃
AO-1:环氧乙烷
AO-2:环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷=43/57(质量比)
M:具有活性氢原子的有机化合物
M-1:甲醇
M-2:正丁醇
M-3:丙胺
M-4:二乙二醇
M-5:丙三醇
CA:碱催化剂
CA-1:甲醇钠
CA-2:氢氧化钠
CA-3:氢氧化钾
CA-4:叔丁醇钾
微流式反应器的流路的内径和长度:在连接流路内径不同的多个微流式反应器的情况下,例如从微型混合器一侧起连接具有内径为0.5mm且长度为10m的流路的微流式反应器和具有内径为1mm且长度为20m的流路的微流式反应器的情况下,内径用0.5+1表示,此外长度用10+20表示。
*2:如前所述地使用内容量为2L的不锈钢制压热釜进行反应时的条件(供给口压力为压热釜内的最大压力)。
*3:如前所述地使用内容量为10L的不锈钢制压热釜进行反应时的条件(供给口压力为压热釜内的最大到达压力,实际上在0.9 MPa下启动的安全阀在反应中打开了4次)。
上述在表2中也相同。
试验分类2(制造的环氧烷烃加成物的物性)
针对在试验分类1的各例中制造的环氧烷烃加成物,求得AO/M(质量比)、M/EO/PO(摩尔比和质量比,EO是环氧乙烷,PO是环氧丙烷)。此外,以下述基准评价色度。进一步,用下述方法求得Mw/Mn之比。结果总结示于表2。
色度的评价
基于JIS-K0071-1:1998(化学制品色试验方法-第1部:黑曾(Hazen)单位色数(铂-钴标尺)),以下述基准评价色度。
◎:相当于标准比色液序号中0~20
○:相当于标准比色液序号中30~50
△:相当于标准比色液序号中60~150
×:相当于标准比色液序号中200以上
Mw:由GPC(凝胶渗透色谱)得到的以聚苯乙烯换算计的质均分子量。
Mn:由GPC(凝胶渗透色谱)得到的以聚苯乙烯换算计的数均分子量。
[表2]
如还由表2的结果所显现地,根据本发明的制造方法,可以连续制造无着色、分子量分布窄的高品质的环氧烷烃加成物。

Claims (7)

1.环氧烷烃加成物的制造方法,其特征在于,在使用具有管状流路的微流式反应器的环氧烷烃加成物的制造方法中,使用具有内径为0.05~3.5mm的流路的微流式反应器,向该流路以液体状态连续供给规定量的环氧烷烃和规定量的具有活性氢原子的有机化合物,在该流路的温度为70~200℃、该流路的供给口的压力为1~10MPa的条件下使其通过并反应。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环氧烷烃加成物的制造方法,其中,向微流式反应器的流路以液体状态连续供给规定量的环氧烷烃、以及规定量的具有活性氢的有机化合物和碱催化剂的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的环氧烷烃加成物的制造方法,其中,环氧烷烃为环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的环氧烷烃加成物的制造方法,其中,具有活性氢原子的有机化合物为选自碳原子数为1~6的一元脂肪族醇和碳原子数为1~6的单烷基胺中的一种或两种以上。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的环氧烷烃加成物的制造方法,其中,微流式反应器的供给口上连接有微型混合器。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的环氧烷烃加成物的制造方法,其中,微型混合器具有内径为0.01~3.5mm的流路。
7.环氧烷烃加成物,其通过权利要求1~6中任一项所述的环氧烷烃加成物的制造方法得到。
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US10047029B2 (en) 2018-08-14
EP3118184B1 (en) 2019-09-04
KR20160135215A (ko) 2016-11-25
EP3118184A1 (en) 2017-01-18
US20160368847A1 (en) 2016-12-22

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Application publication date: 20161026