CN106057953A - 一种异质结薄膜太阳能电池及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种异质结薄膜太阳能电池及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106057953A
CN106057953A CN201610555075.5A CN201610555075A CN106057953A CN 106057953 A CN106057953 A CN 106057953A CN 201610555075 A CN201610555075 A CN 201610555075A CN 106057953 A CN106057953 A CN 106057953A
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雷双瑛
沈海云
黄兰
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Abstract

本文发明公开了一种用双层黑磷的不同堆垛结构实现异质结薄膜太阳能电池及其制备方法。所述异质结薄膜太阳能电池由下至上依次包括五层结构:下电极、衬底、Aδ堆垛双层黑磷、AB堆垛双层黑磷和上电极。双层黑磷的不同堆垛结构AB和Aδ结合可构成II型半导体异质结,以AB结构为给体,其能带间隙为1.04eV,能吸收的光谱范围较广,以Aδ结构为受体。相比不同材料构成的异质结,本文选用的同种材料异质结更容易达到晶格匹配,制备工艺也更简单。通过机械剥离的方法来得到不同堆垛结构的双层黑磷。在白光照射下,本文提供的太阳能电池其开路电压理论上达到0.51V,短路电流密度达到461.22A/m2,太阳能电池的AM1.5能量转换效率高达15.28%。

Description

一种异质结薄膜太阳能电池及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种不同堆垛结构的双层黑磷构成的异质结太阳能电池,属于新能源技术领域。
背景技术
在众多新能源中,太阳能作为一种可再生能源因其蕴藏量丰富,无地域限制,清洁无污染,增长最快速,环境最友好,取之不尽等独特的优势备受科学研究者们的青睐,而目前全球的能源危机和生态危机更驱动着人们将目光聚焦在太阳能电池的研究上。太阳能电池是指通过光电效应或者光化学效应直接把光能转换成电能的装置。而传统的基于同质PN结技术的硅基太阳能电池表现出成本高、效率低且污染环境等缺点,异质结技术的引入成为解决该问题的一个关键途径。异质结吸收光谱范围广,有利于效率的提高,并且使用异质结能减少硅消耗,降低成本等。
具有原子层厚度的2D材料由于其不同于体材料的优越性质而受到人们的广泛研究,如石墨烯,MoS2等等。近年来,一种新的2D材料少层黑磷已经能在实验条件下通过机械剥离的方法制备得到并且受到了人们的广泛关注。黑磷是一种具有金属光泽的晶体,可由白磷或红磷转化而来,黑磷具有直接半导体带隙,且表现出与层数相关的特性,少层黑磷的电子迁移率为1000cm2/Vs,还具有非常高的漏电流调制率,使得其在未来的纳米电子器件中的应用有很大潜力。另外因其为直接带隙,其光学性质相比其他材料也有很大的优势,是目前新型二维材料研究的热点之一。
二维黑磷的带隙与黑磷层数相关,其能隙范围在0.3-1.5eV之间,本文通过理论计算已经证明,对于双层黑磷,在不同堆垛结构下,存在两种比较稳定的结构,AB堆垛堆垛和Aδ堆垛堆垛。双层AB堆垛堆垛具有1.04eV的直接带隙,而双层Aδ堆垛具有1.2eV的间接带隙,二者导带底和价带顶能级可交叠可组成II型半导体异质结。利用双层黑磷的不同堆垛结构具有不同带隙和能级的特点,本文提出一种使用同一种材料的不同堆垛结构构成的太阳能电池,相比不同材料构成的异质结,该方法制备条件更方便,成本低廉,且转换效率能达到15%以上,可以有效的进行光能到电能的转化。
发明内容
技术问题:本发明的目的在于使用二维材料黑磷的不同堆垛结构组成异质结制备太阳能电池,克服以往太阳能电池的缺点,降低制备成本,提高太阳能电池效率。
技术方案:实现本发明的技术方案是提供一种双层黑磷异质结太阳能电池的制备方法,具体如下:
本发明的一种异质结薄膜太阳能电池由下而上包括如下结构:最底层为下电极,第二层为Si衬底,第三层为p型的Aδ堆垛双层黑磷结构;第四层为AB堆垛双层黑磷,最上层为上电极。
所述异质结太阳能电池中p型的Aδ堆垛双层黑磷结构和AB堆垛双层黑磷厚度需要做到双层,厚度AB堆垛结构为:B层结构相当于相对A层a方向移动了0.281个周期,Aδ堆垛相当于δ层相对于A层结构移动了小于半个周期的距离;AB堆垛双层薄膜和Aδ堆垛双层薄膜组成异质结,前者作为给体部分,后者作为受体部分。
所述异质结为同一种材料的不同堆垛结构构成,分别为AB堆垛双层黑磷与Aδ堆垛双层黑磷,其中Aδ堆垛黑磷通过探针剥离的方法将AB堆垛结构进行错位得到;AB堆垛黑磷只有双层,具有良好的透光性和导电性。
本发明的异质结薄膜太阳能电池的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)n-Si衬底清洗:以n-Si(111)片为衬底,用烯HF酸浸泡去除Si表面的二氧化硅,再依次用丙醇、乙醇、去离子水超声波清洗,去除硅片上的有机物,用氮气吹干,放入石英管中进行沉积处理;石英管的真空度为10-2-10-3pa,加热到300℃,维持10-15分钟,以去除硅片表面的水汽;
2)双层黑磷的制备:将白磷在1000-1200Pa大气压下加热到200-250℃,可得到片状黑磷;通过机械剥离方法从黑磷晶体剥离出多层黑磷烯,然后再通过Ar+等离子体剥离方法剥离得到少层黑磷;
层状的黑磷烯:首先获取黑磷块体,然后将块体浸入过氧化氢异丙苯CHP的溶剂中,再加声波。最后,使用离心机使其分离得到层状物;
3)用Si基板捞出黑磷薄膜,放在50-60℃的加热台上烘干,去除黑磷薄膜与Si基板之间的水分,同时能将少层黑磷更牢固的与Si基板结合;
4)步骤3)得到的少层黑磷结构通常为AB堆垛结构,在电子显微镜下,通过探针剥离的方法,得到四层AB堆垛结构的黑磷,即AB-AB堆垛结构,再通过探针将上面三层黑磷相对第一层错位,使得最下面两层由原来的AB堆垛堆垛变成Aδ堆垛堆垛,从而得到Si衬底-Aδ-AB堆垛黑磷的结构;
5)在上述条件下,通过表面蒸镀金属的方法,在上下层分别蒸镀一层薄的铝层,作为上、下背电极,上电极占AB堆垛双层黑磷薄膜总面积的10%到15%。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
使用双层黑磷的不同堆垛结构构成异质结作为太阳能电池的主体,提高了太阳能电池的转化效率,其开路电压理论上达到0.51V,短路电流密度达到461.22A/m2,太阳能电池的AM1.5能量转换效率高达15.28%。
本发明中选取的二维材料黑磷,可以把太阳能电池做得很薄。黑磷克服了石墨烯没有能隙的缺点。
本发明异质结采用的是同一种材料,异质结组合更容易达到晶格匹配,制备异质结薄膜的工艺方法相比不同材料构成的异质结也更为便捷简单。
附图说明
图1为双层黑磷的两种不同堆垛结构,上下两层黑磷分别用不同的颜色表示(a)为AB堆垛双层黑磷的顶视图和侧视图,(b)为Aδ堆垛双层黑磷的顶视图和侧视图。
图2为本发明提供的双层黑磷不同堆垛结构异质结太阳能电池的结构示意图。
图3为(a)AB堆垛双层黑磷和(b)Aδ堆垛双层黑磷的能带结构示意图,其中(a)为直接带隙,(b)为间接带隙。
图4为AB堆垛双层黑磷和Aδ堆垛双层黑磷的能带排列,两者的能带排列构成II型半导体。
具体实施方式
本发明所述的二维异质结太阳能电池,如图1所示主要包括如下几个部分:
图2中,AB堆垛双层黑磷与Aδ堆垛双层黑磷组成的异质结为本电池的核心部分,在光照下能发生光伏效应,将光能转化成电能。其原因在于:当AB堆垛双层黑磷薄膜与Aδ堆垛双层相接触时,由于两者的能带结构不同,从而导致界面处能带发生弯曲,使得两者之间的电荷发生移动,在接近Aδ堆垛双层黑磷的表面形成耗尽层,最后达到平衡状态。由于AB堆垛双层黑磷为直接带隙,且电学特性良好,在光照下,很容易发生光伏效应。
下面结合附图,对本发明的技术方案进行详细的说明:
(1)n-Si衬底清洗:以n-Si(111)片为衬底,用烯HF酸浸泡去除Si表面的二氧化硅,再依次用丙醇、乙醇、去离子水超声波清洗,去除硅片上的有机物,用氮气吹干,放入石英管中进行沉积处理;石英管的真空度为10-2-10-3Pa,加热到300℃左右维持10-15分钟,以去除硅片表面的水汽;
(2)双层黑磷的制备:将白磷在1000-1200Pa大气压下加热到200℃,可得到片状黑磷。通过机械剥离方法从黑磷晶体剥离出多层黑磷烯。然后再通过Ar+等离子体剥离方法剥离得到少层黑磷。为了得到层状的黑磷烯,首先获取黑磷块体,然后将块体浸入CHP(过氧化氢异丙苯)的溶剂中,再加声波。最后,使用离心机使其分离得到层状物。
(3)用Si基板捞出黑磷薄膜,放在50-60℃的加热台上烘干,去除黑磷薄膜与Si基板之间的水分,同时将少层黑磷更牢固的与Si基板结合。
(4)步骤(3)得到的少层黑磷结构通常为AB堆垛结构,在电子显微镜下,通过探针剥离的方法,得到四层AB堆垛结构的黑磷,即AB-AB堆垛结构,再通过探针将上面三层黑磷相对第一层错位,使得最下面两层由原来的AB堆垛堆垛变成Aδ堆垛堆垛,从而得到Si衬底-Aδ-AB堆垛黑磷的结构。
(5)在上述条件下,通过表面蒸镀金属的方法,在上下层分别蒸镀一层较薄的铝层,作为上、下背电极。上电极占AB堆垛双层黑磷薄膜总面积的10%到15%。

Claims (4)

1.一种异质结薄膜太阳能电池,其特征在于,该异质结太阳能电池由下而上包括如下结构:最底层为下电极,第二层为Si衬底,第三层为p型的Aδ堆垛双层黑磷结构;第四层为AB堆垛双层黑磷,最上层为上电极。
2.根据权利要求1所述的异质结薄膜太阳能电池,其特征在于:所述异质结太阳能电池中p型的Aδ堆垛双层黑磷结构和AB堆垛双层黑磷厚度需要做到双层,厚度在AB堆垛结构为:B层结构相当于相对A层a方向移动0.281个周期,Aδ堆垛相当于δ层相对于A层结构移动了小于半个周期的距离;AB堆垛双层薄膜和Aδ堆垛双层薄膜组成异质结,前者作为给体部分,后者作为受体部分。
3.根据权利要求1所述的异质结薄膜太阳能电池,其特征在于所述异质结为同一种材料的不同堆垛结构构成,分别为AB堆垛双层黑磷与Aδ堆垛双层黑磷,其中Aδ堆垛黑磷通过探针剥离的方法将AB堆垛结构进行错位得到;AB堆垛黑磷只有双层,具有良好的透光性和导电性。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的异质结薄膜太阳能电池的制备方法,其特征在于,该制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)n-Si衬底清洗:以n-Si(111)片为衬底,用烯HF酸浸泡去除Si表面的二氧化硅,再依次用丙醇、乙醇、去离子水超声波清洗,去除硅片上的有机物,用氮气吹干,放入石英管中进行沉积处理;石英管的真空度为10-2-10-3pa,加热到300℃,维持10-15分钟,以去除硅片表面的水汽;
2)双层黑磷的制备:将白磷在1000-1200Pa大气压下加热到200-250℃,可得到片状黑磷;通过机械剥离方法从黑磷晶体剥离出多层黑磷烯,然后再通过Ar+等离子体剥离方法剥离得到少层黑磷;
层状的黑磷烯:首先获取黑磷块体,然后将块体浸入过氧化氢异丙苯CHP的溶剂中,再加声波。最后,使用离心机使其分离得到层状物;
3)用Si基板捞出黑磷薄膜,放在50-60℃的加热台上烘干,去除黑磷薄膜与Si基板之间的水分,同时能将少层黑磷更牢固的与Si基板结合;
4)步骤3)得到的少层黑磷结构通常为AB堆垛结构,在电子显微镜下,通过探针剥离的方法,得到四层AB堆垛结构的黑磷,即AB-AB堆垛结构,再通过探针将上面三层黑磷相对第一层错位,使得最下面两层由原来的AB堆垛堆垛变成Aδ堆垛堆垛,从而得到Si衬底-Aδ-AB堆垛黑磷的结构;
5)在上述条件下,通过表面蒸镀金属的方法,在上下层分别蒸镀一层薄的铝层,作为上、下背电极,上电极占AB堆垛双层黑磷薄膜总面积的10%到15%。
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CN113394302A (zh) * 2021-04-28 2021-09-14 东南大学 一种基于不同类黑磷材料的太阳能电池及制备方法
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