CN106054536A - 用于调节光刻曝光系统的光源的方法以及用于光刻设备的曝光组件 - Google Patents

用于调节光刻曝光系统的光源的方法以及用于光刻设备的曝光组件 Download PDF

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CN106054536A
CN106054536A CN201610088033.5A CN201610088033A CN106054536A CN 106054536 A CN106054536 A CN 106054536A CN 201610088033 A CN201610088033 A CN 201610088033A CN 106054536 A CN106054536 A CN 106054536A
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sensor
light output
exposure
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保罗·凯撒
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Suess Microtec Lithography GmbH
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    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03FPHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/70Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/70058Mask illumination systems
    • G03F7/70191Optical correction elements, filters or phase plates for controlling intensity, wavelength, polarisation, phase or the like
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
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    • G03F7/70Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/70383Direct write, i.e. pattern is written directly without the use of a mask by one or multiple beams
    • G03F7/70391Addressable array sources specially adapted to produce patterns, e.g. addressable LED arrays
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    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/20Controlling the colour of the light
    • H05B45/22Controlling the colour of the light using optical feedback
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    • G03F7/20Exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/2002Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image
    • G03F7/2004Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image characterised by the use of a particular light source, e.g. fluorescent lamps or deep UV light
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    • G03F7/70Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/70008Production of exposure light, i.e. light sources
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    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
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    • G03F7/00Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/70Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/70008Production of exposure light, i.e. light sources
    • G03F7/7005Production of exposure light, i.e. light sources by multiple sources, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED] or light source arrays
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
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    • G03F7/00Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/70Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/70058Mask illumination systems
    • G03F7/70075Homogenization of illumination intensity in the mask plane by using an integrator, e.g. fly's eye lens, facet mirror or glass rod, by using a diffusing optical element or by beam deflection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
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    • G03F7/00Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/70Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/70058Mask illumination systems
    • G03F7/70133Measurement of illumination distribution, in pupil plane or field plane
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
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    • G03F7/00Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/70Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/70483Information management; Active and passive control; Testing; Wafer monitoring, e.g. pattern monitoring
    • G03F7/7055Exposure light control in all parts of the microlithographic apparatus, e.g. pulse length control or light interruption
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03FPHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/70Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/70483Information management; Active and passive control; Testing; Wafer monitoring, e.g. pattern monitoring
    • G03F7/7055Exposure light control in all parts of the microlithographic apparatus, e.g. pulse length control or light interruption
    • G03F7/70575Wavelength control, e.g. control of bandwidth, multiple wavelength, selection of wavelength or matching of optical components to wavelength
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
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    • G03F7/00Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/70Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/708Construction of apparatus, e.g. environment aspects, hygiene aspects or materials
    • G03F7/7085Detection arrangement, e.g. detectors of apparatus alignment possibly mounted on wafers, exposure dose, photo-cleaning flux, stray light, thermal load
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/027Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
    • H01L21/0271Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers
    • H01L21/0273Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers characterised by the treatment of photoresist layers
    • H01L21/0274Photolithographic processes
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    • H01L25/167Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof the devices being of types provided for in two or more different main groups of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. forming hybrid circuits comprising optoelectronic devices, e.g. LED, photodiodes
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    • H01L27/15Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components having potential barriers, specially adapted for light emission
    • H01L27/153Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components having potential barriers, specially adapted for light emission in a repetitive configuration, e.g. LED bars

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于通过以下步骤调节包括多个LED的光刻曝光系统的光源的方法:检测特定的波长范围内的单个LED的光输出,且将检测到的光输出与在整个光谱上期望的光输出分布进行比较。操作LED使得以可能的最精确的方式完成期望的光谱光输出分布。本发明也涉及一种用于光刻设备的曝光组件,其具有包括多个LED的光源、控制供应到单个LED的电功率的控制装置以及能够检测在波长的相应范围中的LED的光输出的传感器。

Description

用于调节光刻曝光系统的光源的方法以及用于光刻设备的曝光组件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于调节光刻曝光系统的光源的方法和用于光刻设备的曝光组件。
背景技术
在半导体芯片上的三维结构的生产中使用光刻设备。它用于以期望的方式将施加到半导体芯片(“晶片”)的光刻胶(也称为“刻胶”)暴露到光。因此,掩模的图像被投影到由于阴影的投射而不同地暴露于光的光刻胶上。曝光导致光刻胶改变其物理和/或化学性质,以便它可以随后例如以选择的方式被去除。
用于曝光光刻胶的光由包括多个LED的光源提供。因而不同的LED可以被使用,其提供具有不同的特定波长(或波长范围)的光。
然而,它已被证明是取决于所提供的光的波长而不同的LED老化的情况。这样做的结果是,在光谱上由光源提供的光输出的分布随着时间变化。因此,取决于该LED光源的老化,即,曝光组件的老化,光刻胶的曝光的结果变化。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于确保曝光组件的光谱(即曝光组件的不同波长的强度分布)随时间保持恒定。
为了完成该目的,根据本发明提供一种用于调节包括多个LED的光刻曝光系统的光源的方法,其中提供以下步骤:检测特定的波长范围中的单个LED的光输出。所检测的光输出与在整个光谱上期望的光输出分布进行比较。操作LED使得以可能的最精确的方式完成所述期望的光谱的光输出分布。为了完成该目的,也提供一种用于光刻设备的曝光组件,其具有包括多个LED的光源、控制供应到单个LED的电功率的控制装置以及能够检测在波长的相应范围中的LED的光输出的光传感器。本发明基于检测提供特定波长(或特定波长范围)的光的一个或者多个LED的输出的可能降低的基本思想,并以调节LED作为整体,使得由不同的LED提供的总体光输出的部分尽可能好地对应于预设比率。
优选地做出规定:更强大的LED的光输出适应于最弱LED的光输出。简单地表示,最弱的LED用作参考,而较强的LED在它们的光输出方面变暗,使得作为整体提供的光输出尽可能精确地对应于在不同的波长或波长范围关于输出分布的所期望的分布。
根据本发明的一个实施例,做出规定:借助于光谱选择传感器测量光输出。“光谱选择性”指的是传感器输出将测量的光输出分配到光谱的特定部分即波长或波长范围的信号。因此,在实践中光谱选择传感器可以由各自分配给特定波长或特定波长范围的多个子传感器形成。
根据本发明的替选实施例,做出规定:逐个地开关LED以及借助于宽带传感器测量光输出。宽带传感器与光谱选择传感器的区别在于较低成本。然而,宽带传感器不能将测量的光输出分配给各个波长或波长范围。这事实上通过逐个地开关LED进行补偿。因此,根据该LED是否首先导通或者随后加入,控制装置可以识别哪个光输出起源于相应的LED。在相应的比较之后,宽带传感器也可用于确定曝光强度,这只以非常费力的方式利用分光器实现。
根据本发明的一个实施例,做出规定:将传感器集成到光源中。这使得能够在光刻设备的操作期间特别在曝光处理期间检测光输出。
将传感器布置在光刻设备的透镜上也是可能的。如果例如在前透镜的前面或甚至在积光器中检测到光,则已经通过曝光透镜混合的光被检测到,即,落在晶片上的光。因而,该检测的结果更具代表性。
为了防止测量损害晶片的曝光,可以做出规定:在校准步骤中,例如直接在曝光平面中,测量曝光设备的光输出。为了这个目的,例如可以使用可移动传感器,其在光路中暂时引入。该传感器可以是校准传感器。
根据本发明的一个实施例,做出规定:测量单个LED的加热特征。为了这个目的,控制装置优选地设置有存储器,用于存储LED的加热特性。这使得能够补偿当以恒定功率操作LED时光输出的非线性进展。也可以以调节的功率操作LED。以这种方式,当使用光谱选择传感器时,可以“实时”调节功率,使得该单个LED提供在各个波长或波长范围内的期望的光输出。如果使用宽带传感器,则所述单个LED的功率可以对应于所存储的导通特性被调节,使得可能的最恒定的光输出在各个波长或波长范围内实现。
根据本发明的一个实施例,做出规定:将LED的老化与存储的典型老化特征进行比较。为此目的,优选地做出规定:控制装置具有用于存储LED的老化特征的存储器。这使得如果LED的光输出达到临界值则能够及早通知用户。例如,利用一般的老化特性,可以通知用户在什么时间光源的交换(或光源的单个LED)可能是必要的。
也可以做出规定:将LED的光输出与预定的最小光输出进行比较。在这种情况下,也可以当LED的光输出达到临界值时通知用户并且使得在光刻设备的操作受损之前可以改变光源(或光源的单个LED)。
附图说明
将在下面借助于在附图中示出的两个实施例描述本发明,其中:
图1示例性地示出根据第一实施例的光刻设备;以及
图2示例性地示出根据第二实施例的光刻设备。
具体实施方式
图1示出了基底10(“晶片”),其涂有光刻胶12(也称为“刻胶”)。基底可以由半导体材料组成。
光刻胶12通过掩模14被暴露给光。光从在此示例性地示出的光源16发出,光从光源16经由同样示例性地示出的透镜18落在晶片10上。
光源16包括多个LED 18、20、22,其中每一个被分配波长或波长范围。例如,LED18、20、22可以每一个提供与传统的水银汽灯的三个Hg-波长之一对应的光。LED 18、20、22通常是UV-LED。
至于在此陈述LED被分配波长或波长,该“一个”LED实际上可以由多个LED组成。因此,可以提供多个LED 18,其提供在第一波长或第一波长范围内的光,和多个LED 20,其提供在第二波长或第二波长范围内的光,和多个LED22,其提供第三波长和第三波长范围内的光。偏离所示实施例,光源16仅包括提供第一波长和第二波长的(或第一波长范围和第二波长范围内的)光的两个LED(或LED组),但是具有相应大于三个波长或波长范围的三个LED或LED组也是可能的。
该光源16被分配传感器24,其可以检测提供的光输出。示出的示例实施例是光谱选择传感器,利用其能够直接检测LED 18、20、22的单个波长或波长范围的光输出。
传感器24连接到控制装置26并且因此与单个波长或波长范围内的光输出有关的信息被提供给控制装置。控制装置26继而激活单个LED 18、20、22,并且从而特别地提供工作电压和工作电流。
由光源16提供的光的所期望的光输出分布存储在控制装置26中。简单地表示,控制装置26存储在该光谱范围中提供光输出的部分。作为例子,假定在下面由光源16提供的整体光输出在LED 18的光谱中提供三分之一的比例,在LED 20的光谱中提供三分之一的比例和在LED 22的光谱中提供三分之一的比例。
当光源16正在操作时,控制装置可以经由传感器24检测在三个波长或波长范围中实际上提供的光输出。控制装置26可调节LED 18、20、22的电功率,以便获得期望的光输出分布。
当由于老化或其他变化导致LED不再达到所期望的光输出时,这通过控制装置26进行检测。然后控制装置26可以相应地调节供给剩余LED的电功率并且实现光输出所期望的分布(但在较低的强度水平)。当例如LED 18可以只供给在其波长或波长范围内的光输出的90%时,LED 20、22可以变暗,使得光谱上的总光输出再次以来自LED 18的三分之一的比例,来自LED 20的三分之一的比例和来自LED 22的三分之一的比例产生。
在一个实施例变型中,传感器24不是光谱选择传感器而是宽带传感器。该传感器只提供关于作为整体提供的光输出的信息,它不能够将该信息分配到不同波长。
也为了从这些传感器获得光输出如何在整个频谱上分布的信息,控制装置26逐个地开关单个LED 18、20、22。以这种方式,在每个波长或每个波长范围内所提供的光输出可被测量为在以前的状态下的光输出和在当前状态下的光输出之间的差。
利用传感器24也可以测量单个LED的加热特性和将其存储在控制装置26中提供的存储器28中以存储加热特性。以这种方式,例如,可以在单独的校准步骤中在较长的时间周期内单独检测每个LED的加热特性直到设定恒定的光输出。如果然后,随后在操作中,单个的光输出被检测到,则可以逐个地相对短地,即在当前面的LED已经通过它的加热曲线的一部分的每一种情况下开关LED 18、20、22,该加热曲线的一部分是迄今为止能够从其推导出以后提供的光输出。
在本实施例中,也可以在具有已经所考虑加热特征适当适配的恒定功率的各种情况下操作LED 18、20、22,以便以可能的最精确的方式实现所期望的光输出分布。
图2示出第二实施例。对于从第一实施例已知的部件,使用相同的附图标记,并且对于上述解释做出引用。
第一实施例和第二实施例之间的差别在于在第二实施例中传感器24没有被分配给光源18,但布置在透镜18后面。这意味着传感器24检测混合光,即落在晶片10上的光。因为所有的光路的区域到传感器24的影响被考虑,所以有关LED 18、20、22的光输出的分布的信息由此是更精确的。
传感器24可以布置在在其不破坏光刻胶12的曝光的适当位置处。在这种情况下,可以在曝光期间进行测量。
可替代地,传感器24可以移动并且也可以进入光路用于校准的目的(即,曝光处理外)是可能的。可替代地,也可以用于此目的使用根据公认的标准校准的传感器,以便除了光谱分布之外,也能确定单个光源的绝对强度或不同光源的总和。在光输出分布已被确定之后,LED 18、20、22,可以利用在一个或多个后续曝光处理中的合适的输出来操作。然后如果控制装置26认为此是有利的则新的校准处理可以被触发。在这个时刻,能够涉及LED的老化特征,其可以被存储在控制装置26的存储器30中。

Claims (18)

1.一种用于调节包括多个LED(18、20、22)的光刻曝光系统的光源(16)的方法,包括以下步骤:
检测特定波长范围中的所述单个LED(18、20、22)的光输出;
将检测到的光输出与在整个光谱上期望的光输出分布进行比较;
操作所述LED(18、20、22)使得以可能的最精确的方式完成期望的光谱的光输出分布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,更强大的LED(18、20、22)的光输出适应于最弱的LED(18、20、22)的光输出。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,借助于光谱选择传感器(24)测量所述光输出。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,逐个地开关所述LED(18、20、22)且借助于宽带传感器(24)测量所述光输出。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在校正步骤中测量所述LED(18、20、22)的光输出。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,测量所述单个LED(18、20、22)的加热特征。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,利用恒定功率操作所述LED(18、20、22)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,利用调节的功率操作所述LED(18、20、22)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述LED(18、20、22)的老化与存储的典型老化特征进行比较。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述LED(18、20、22)的光输出与预定的最小光输出进行比较。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,当所述LED(18、20、22)的光输出到达临界值时通知用户。
12.一种用于光刻设备的曝光组件,所述曝光组件具有包括多个LED(18、20、22)的光源、控制供应到所述单个LED(18、20、22)的电功率的控制装置(26)以及能够检测在波长的相应范围中的LED(18、20、22)的光输出的传感器(24)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的曝光组件,其特征在于,所述传感器(24)是光谱选择传感器。
14.根据权利要求12所述的曝光组件,其特征在于,所述传感器(24)是宽带传感器。
15.根据权利要求12所述的曝光组件,其特征在于,所述传感器(24)被集成到所述光源(16)中。
16.根据权利要求12所述的曝光组件,其特征在于,所述传感器(24)被布置在所述光刻设备的透镜(18)上。
17.根据权利要求12所述的曝光组件,其特征在于,所述控制装置(26)包括用于存储所述LED(18、20、22)的加热特征的存储器(28)。
18.根据权利要求12至17中的任一项所述的曝光组件,其特征在于,所述控制装置(26)包括用于存储所述LED(18、20、22)的老化特征的存储器(30),所述LED的老化特征被写入所述存储器(30)。
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