CN106034571B - A kind of detraction harvesting method after sesame is mature - Google Patents
A kind of detraction harvesting method after sesame is mature Download PDFInfo
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- CN106034571B CN106034571B CN201610372021.5A CN201610372021A CN106034571B CN 106034571 B CN106034571 B CN 106034571B CN 201610372021 A CN201610372021 A CN 201610372021A CN 106034571 B CN106034571 B CN 106034571B
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- sesame
- pod
- drying
- mature
- detraction
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D91/00—Methods for harvesting agricultural products
- A01D91/04—Products growing above the soil
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of detraction harvesting method of sesame after mature, specifically: dry pod, sesame pod, sesame threshing and screening and til seed drying process successively, which are taken off, by sesame harvesting, sesame after sesame is mature completes harvest.This method can effectively solve large labor intensity present in existing sesame harvesting method, and time-consuming, and encounter the problems such as quality deterioration easily occurs for continuous rainy weather, post-harvest loss is serious.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural production technologies, and in particular to the detraction harvesting method after a kind of sesame is mature.
Background technique
Sesame (sesamum indicum), also known as flax, sesame, spunyarn, annual herb plant was both edible,
It can be used as oil plant again, be one of oil crops most ancient in the world.Sesame has had cultivation in more than 2000 years to go through in China
History is important one of the oil crops in China, and cultivated area occupies the 4th, the world, and yield then occupies the 1st.Sesame converted products
The sesames products such as Oleum Sesami, sesame paste, decortication sesame are deep to be liked by China consumer because of its distinctive flavor.However due to
Mechanization degree is low during sesame plantation and harvest, and large labor intensity leads to the cultivated area gradually atrophy of sesame.To sesame
Production model be updated upgrading, be expand sesame cultivated area, for sesame processing effective solution of sufficient raw material guarantee is provided
Certainly one of approach.
Harvest process is mainly that sesame lashes after gathering in after traditional sesame is mature, erects stacking in field or dring yard
On, after sun exposure, sesame plant beats to carry out threshing repeatedly upside down, then screened and obtain sesame seed.One
As need to repeat 2-3 sunning and threshing operation, entire harvest process wants or so two weeks, and this mode takes a long time, efficiency
Low, the large labor intensity of people has been not suitable with the requirement of agricultural modernization production.In addition, the sesame harvest season once encounters
The sesame plant of continuous rainy weather, harvesting is unable to get timely dryness in the sun, will cause seed and sends out in sesame pod (capsule) fruit
Raw mildew phenomena, causes sesame quality to fission, influences edible safety, while causing sesame post-harvest loss serious.In rainy weather
The problem of sesame mildew detraction can solve using the method for the sesame plant of drying harvesting, but it is dry to whole plant, first is that
Sesame plant volume is big, and the dry place of consumption is big, second is that sesame plant water content is high, drying sesame straw need to cause a large amount of energy
Source consumes and waste, i.e., carrying out drying to entire plant has occupancy volume big, the high drawback of energy consumption.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aims to overcome that prior art defect, provide a kind of sesame it is mature after detraction harvesting method, energy
Large labor intensity present in existing sesame harvesting method is effectively solved, time-consuming, and encounters continuous rainy weather and easily occur
The problems such as quality deterioration, serious post-harvest loss.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of detraction harvesting method after sesame is mature, specifically: successively by sesame harvesting, sesame after sesame is mature
De- pod, the drying of sesame pod, sesame threshing and screening and til seed drying process complete harvest.
After sesame is mature, above-mentioned operation can using manual work mode, manual work combination do mechanization operation mode or
Person's full mechanization mode carries out.It can be sequentially completed by a mechanical equipment by process or by more mechanical equipment operation break-downs
It is sequentially completed.
Sesame after maturation uses mechanized harvest or hand harvest according to mechanization condition.Harvested sesame plant into
The de- pod processing of row.It is carried out specifically, sesame takes off pod process using mechanical de- pod, pod machine can be such as taken off using sesame by sesame pod
(capsule) is taken off from sesame plant, and the sesame pod taken off is dried using the method for drying.Sesame used in the de- pod of machinery is de-
Pod machine includes rack and the motor set on frame lower, and the direction of travel of sesame plant is from right-to-left, the rack from right
Multiple be parallel to each other and the inlet chute to place sesame plant and the traction to drag the traveling of sesame stalk is equipped with to left
To roller, single inlet chute extends along the direction of travel of sesame plant, and inlet chute and traction are equipped with the rack between roller
Fixed plate, the fixed plate lower part is horizontally spaced to be equipped with multiple scrapers to strike off sesame cauline leaf and pod, each
Inlet chute corresponds to a scraper；The traction is to roller by underlying first roll shaft and the second roll shaft group being located above
At, and there are the gap passed through to sesame stalk between the first roll shaft and the second roll shaft, first roll shaft is located at protection chamber
Interior, protection chamber is fixed in rack, and the end of the first roll shaft is equipped with driving gear, and the ipsilateral end of the second roll shaft is equipped with driven
Gear, driving gear and driven gear engagement connection, the end of the first roll shaft are additionally provided with belt pulley, and belt pulley passes through driving belt
It is rotatablely connected with motor；The middle part of the rack is equipped with inverted V-shaped blanking plate and inverted V-shaped blanking plate is located at the lower section of scraper, described
Sesame pod blanking plate of the inverted V-shaped blanking plate by being located at the branches and leaves blanking plate in left side and positioned at right side forms, under branches and leaves blanking plate
End is equipped with branches and leaves collecting box, and the lower end of sesame pod blanking plate is equipped with sesame pod collecting box；The right side wall of the rack be equipped with to
The blower that branches and leaves and sesame pod are separated.Preferably, the highest point of the inverted V-shaped blanking plate is located at a scraper left side in the horizontal direction
Side.The center line of the blower is slightly above the highest point of inverted V-shaped blanking plate in the height of vertical direction.Pacify the bottom of the rack
Equipped with pulley, it is moved easily.Specifically, the scraper includes the knife cylinder of tubular, knife cylinder inner wall is equipped with continuously along circumferential direction
Blade.That is the longitudinal section of scraper is round or polygon, such as can be triangle, square, diamond shape.
By taking the longitudinal section of scraper is round as an example, the scraper includes cylindric knife cylinder, and knife cylinder inner wall is along the circumferential direction
Equipped with circular shear blade.The Circularhole diameter that circular shear blade is surrounded is greater than the outer diameter of sesame stalk, less than the sesame for having sesame pod
Highest point rotation is formed by circle on sesame pod in stalk, and in this way when sesame plant advances to scraper, sesame stalk can be suitable
Benefit is by scraper, and the sesame branches and leaves and sesame pod in sesame stalk then strike off from sesame stalk under the dissection of scraper
And it falls on the inverted V-shaped blanking plate of lower section.Blower for sorting is located at rack close to the side of sesame pod blanking plate, passes through
The effect of wind-force, area is big, light-weight branches and leaves are blown off on branches and leaves blanking plate, and are collected in branches and leaves collecting box；And it weighs
It measures heavier sesame pod then to slide from sesame pod blanking plate to sesame pod collecting box, to realize the separation of branches and leaves and sesame pod.
Motor drives pulley rotation, driving gear and driven gear engagement connection by driving belt, so that traction be driven to turn roller
It is dynamic, when sesame stalk marches to traction to gap between roller, one forward tractive force of sesame stalk is given, to will advance
Sesame branches and leaves and sesame pod to scraper are scraped off from sesame stalk.
In addition, the gap between the center line of the center line of inlet chute, scraper and the first roll shaft and the second roll shaft is answered
Positioned at sustained height, and scraper and traction deflector roll distance in the horizontal direction should be less than the sesame that sesame pod is free of on sesame plant
The length of anesthesia stem just can guarantee in this way when sesame pod passes through scraper, traction deflector roll can to the tractive force that one advances,
Consequently facilitating sesame branches and leaves and sesame pod are smoothly struck off from sesame stalk.
Preferably, sesame pod is dry and til seed granule drying sequence is dried using the method for drying, can specifically adopt
It is dried with modes such as heated-air drying, heat pump drying, infra-red drying, microwave drying or electromagnetic dryings.
Preferably, the sesame pod drying temperature of commodity sesame is no more than 60 DEG C, the kind sesame pod drying temperature of sesame
No more than 45 DEG C.The degree of drying of sesame pod with sesame pod cracking, with hand rolling til seed can smoothly fall off from sesame pod for
Preferably.
After sesame pod is dry, threshing is carried out using the method for vibrosieve.Sieve can manually be rocked and carry out concussion threshing
And screening, it can also be using moto-vibro screen concussion threshing and screening.
It collects the til seed after threshing and screening process and carries out redrying, to reach safe storage moisture.Preferably,
The til seed drying temperature of commodity sesame is no more than 95 DEG C, and the til seed drying temperature of kind sesame is no more than 45 DEG C.
In detraction harvesting method after above-mentioned sesame is mature, the moisture content after til seed is dry is in 8%(w/w) hereinafter,
Storage, to use of selling, process or reserve seed for planting in next step.
Compared to the prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention:
After the innovative point of the method for the present invention is sesame harvesting, under first that sesame pod (capsule) is mechanically decoupled from sesame plant
Come, then sesame pod is dried using the method for drying, is then detached from til seed from sesame pod.With traditional first by band
The entire plant of sesame pod carries out natural drying, then carries out the mode of threshing and compare, and has the advantage that it one) is working efficiency
Height uses oven drying method dry after taking off pod, and drying time is short, and the drying of sesame pod can be completed in 3-7 hours, only need to once take off
The harvest of sesame, achievable entire harvest process in general 2 days can be completed in grain.It two) is entire harvest process not by weather shadow
It rings, the quality deteriorations such as mildew easily occur for til seed during solving continuous rainy weather sesame harvest, cause the problem of detracting.
Three) it is reduction of energy consumption for drying, improves drying efficiency.Sesame pod is separated from sesame plant by de- pod operation,
Sesame pod is dried again, eliminates the energy consumption and time loss that drying sesame plant generates.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 takes off the structural schematic diagram of pod machine for sesame used in the de- pod process of sesame in the method for the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram drawn in Fig. 1 to roller；
Fig. 3 is the working state schematic representation that sesame takes off pod machine in Fig. 1.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is further discussed in detail with reference to embodiments, but protection scope of the present invention
It is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
1 mu 9000 plants of sesame or so, using hand harvest, while harvested sesame plant takes off pod machine using sesame and carries out
The de- pod processing of machinery, obtains the sesame pod of 2000kg or so；Heated-air drying is carried out to sesame pod with Multi-layer belt type drying machine, it is dry
40 ± 3 DEG C of temperature, sesame pod shrinkage is cracked after drying 6.5h, is shaken threshing and screening with moto-vibro screen, is collected til seed
250kg；It is placed in airstream drying tower with 40 ± 3 DEG C of heated-air drying 2h, is transferred to shaker vibration cooling, obtains sesame 150kg, moisture
Content packs storage after cooling, reserves seed for planting spare in 5-6%.
Embodiment 2
1 mu 9000 plants of sesame or so, using mechanical harvesting, while harvested sesame plant takes off pod machine using sesame and carries out
The de- pod processing of machinery, obtains the sesame pod of 2000kg or so, carries out infra-red drying, dry temperature to sesame pod with infrared drier
55 ± 3 DEG C are spent, sesame pod shrinkage is cracked after dry 4.5h, is shaken threshing and screening with moto-vibro screen, is collected til seed
250kg is placed in belt microwave drying machine in 70 ± 3 DEG C of microwave drying 0.5h, is transferred to shaker vibration cooling, is obtained sesame
150kg, moisture content 5-6% pack storage after cooling, spare, can sell or carry out Oil processing.
In above-described embodiment, it is as shown in Figures 1 to 3 that sesame machinery takes off the de- pod machine of sesame used in pod process comprising rack 3
With the motor 5 for being set to 3 lower part of rack, the direction of travel of sesame plant is from right-to-left from right-to-left, the rack 3 equipped with more
It is a to be parallel to each other and the inlet chute 12 to place sesame plant and the traction to drag the traveling of sesame stalk 14 are to roller,
Single inlet chute 12 extends along the direction of travel of sesame plant, and inlet chute 12 and traction are equipped with the rack 3 between roller
Fixed plate 11,11 lower part of fixed plate is horizontally spaced to be equipped with multiple scrapers 10 to strike off sesame cauline leaf and pod,
Each inlet chute 12 corresponds to a scraper 10；
The traction is made of roller underlying first roll shaft 15 and the second roll shaft 16 being located above, and the first roller
There are the gap passed through to sesame stalk 14 between axis 15 and the second roll shaft 16, first roll shaft 15 is located in protection chamber 8
(being blown off to traction with to avoid by branches and leaves in roller), protection chamber 8 is fixed in rack 3, and the end of the first roll shaft 15 is equipped with
Driving gear 17, the ipsilateral end of the second roll shaft 16 are equipped with driven gear 9, driving gear 17 and the engagement connection of driven gear 9, the
The end of one roll shaft 15 is additionally provided with belt pulley 18, and belt pulley 18 is rotatablely connected by driving belt and motor 5；The rack 3
Middle part is equipped with inverted V-shaped blanking plate and inverted V-shaped blanking plate is located at the lower section of tubular scraper 10, and the inverted V-shaped blanking plate is by being located at a left side
The branches and leaves blanking plate 2 of side and sesame pod blanking plate 6 positioned at right side form, and the lower end of branches and leaves blanking plate 2 is equipped with branches and leaves collecting box
1, the lower end of sesame pod blanking plate 16 is equipped with sesame pod collecting box 7；The right side wall of the rack 3 is equipped with to by branches and leaves and sesame
The blower 13 of pod separation.Four angles of 3 bottom of rack are equipped with the pulley 4 being moved easily.The inverted V-shaped blanking plate is most
High point is located at 10 left side of scraper in the horizontal direction.The center line of the blower 13 is slightly above inverted V-shaped in the height of vertical direction
The highest point of blanking plate.The scraper includes cylindric knife cylinder, and knife cylinder inner wall is along the circumferential direction equipped with circular shear blade.
When work, motor 5 and blower 13 are opened, by the end without sesame pod on sesame plant (i.e. close to the end of root)
It towards a left side, sequentially puts in inlet chute 12, moves traction of the sesame plant across scraper 10 to continuous rotation to roller with hand push,
To under the dragging of roller tractive force, entire sesame plant is quickly advanced to the left for traction, when the stalk with sesame pod passes through scraper 10
When, branches and leaves and sesame pod fall off from sesame stalk under the dissection of scraper 10, and fall into the inverted V-shaped blanking plate of lower section
On.In branches and leaves and the dropping process of sesame pod, under the action of blower 13, the branches and leaves that area is big, light-weight are blown off to a left side
On the branches and leaves blanking plate 2 of side, and it is collected in branches and leaves collecting box 1；And the sesame pod of heavier-weight is then sliding from sesame pod blanking plate 6
Sesame pod collecting box 7 is dropped down onto, to realize the separation of branches and leaves and sesame pod.Meanwhile the stalk for removing sesame pod is being drawn to roller
Under the action of be transported to the left side of rack 3, to realize the separation of pod, leaf and stalk, for realize the detraction harvest of sesame with
And the dry of sesame pod provides strong equipment guarantee.
Claims (7)
- The detraction harvesting method after 1. a kind of sesame is mature, which is characterized in that successively by sesame harvesting, sesame after sesame is mature De- pod, the drying of sesame pod, sesame threshing and screening and til seed drying process complete harvest；Sesame takes off pod process to be carried out using mechanical de- pod, is taken off pod machine using sesame and is taken off sesame pod from sesame plant, takes off Sesame pod using drying method be dried；Sesame used in the de- pod of machinery takes off pod machine and includes rack and be set to frame lower Motor, the direction of travel of sesame plant be from right-to-left, the rack from right-to-left be equipped with it is multiple be parallel to each other and to To roller, single inlet chute is planted along sesame for the inlet chute for placing sesame plant and the traction to drag the traveling of sesame stalk The direction of travel of strain extends, and inlet chute and traction are equipped with fixed plate, the fixed plate lower part Yan Shui to the rack between roller Square to being equipped at intervals with multiple scrapers to strike off sesame cauline leaf and pod, the corresponding scraper of each inlet chute；It is described It draws and roller is made of underlying first roll shaft and the second roll shaft being located above, and between the first roll shaft and the second roll shaft There are the gap passed through to sesame stalk, first roll shaft is intracavitary positioned at protecting, and protection chamber is fixed in rack, and first The end of roll shaft is equipped with driving gear, and the ipsilateral end of the second roll shaft is equipped with driven gear, driving gear and driven gear engagement Connection, the end of the first roll shaft are additionally provided with belt pulley, and belt pulley is rotatablely connected by driving belt and motor；In the rack Portion is equipped with inverted V-shaped blanking plate and inverted V-shaped blanking plate is located at the lower section of scraper, and the inverted V-shaped blanking plate is by the branches and leaves positioned at left side Blanking plate and sesame pod blanking plate positioned at right side form, and the lower end of branches and leaves blanking plate is equipped with branches and leaves collecting box, sesame pod blanking The lower end of plate is equipped with sesame pod collecting box；The right side wall of the rack is equipped with the blower to separate branches and leaves and sesame pod.
- The detraction harvesting method after 2. sesame as described in claim 1 is mature, which is characterized in that using machinery after sesame is mature Change mode carries out.
- The detraction harvesting method after 3. sesame as described in claim 1 is mature, which is characterized in that by a machine after sesame is mature Tool equipment is sequentially completed by process or is sequentially completed by more mechanical equipment operation break-downs.
- The detraction harvesting method after 4. sesame as described in claim 1 is mature, which is characterized in that the drying of sesame pod and til seed Drying process is specifically dried by the way of heated-air drying, heat pump drying, infra-red drying, microwave drying or electromagnetic drying.
- The detraction harvesting method after 5. sesame as claimed in claim 4 is mature, which is characterized in that the sesame pod of commodity sesame Drying temperature is no more than 60 DEG C, and the sesame pod drying temperature of kind sesame is no more than 45 DEG C.
- The detraction harvesting method after 6. sesame as claimed in claim 4 is mature, which is characterized in that the til seed of commodity sesame Drying temperature is no more than 95 DEG C, and the til seed drying temperature of kind sesame is no more than 45 DEG C.
- The detraction harvesting method after 7. sesame as claimed in claim 6 is mature, which is characterized in that the moisture after til seed is dry Content is 8% hereinafter, storage is spare.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610372021.5A CN106034571B (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2016-05-31 | A kind of detraction harvesting method after sesame is mature |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610372021.5A CN106034571B (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2016-05-31 | A kind of detraction harvesting method after sesame is mature |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN106034571A CN106034571A (en) | 2016-10-26 |
| CN106034571B true CN106034571B (en) | 2018-12-14 |
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| CN201610372021.5A Expired - Fee Related CN106034571B (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2016-05-31 | A kind of detraction harvesting method after sesame is mature |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108208884B (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2019-11-08 | 安徽舒州农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of working method of the de- pod screening all-in-one machine of the agricultural based on partial rotational stripping type |
| CN109168645A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-01-11 | 宁波高智科技咨询服务有限公司 | A kind of agricultural impact type sheller unit |
| CN109168646A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-01-11 | 宁波高智科技咨询服务有限公司 | A kind of agricultural sheller unit |
| CN111990063B (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2022-06-28 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Efficient and mechanized sesame combined harvesting method |
| CN113959196B (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-10-21 | 常德十美堂万华农产品开发有限公司 | Raw material drying device is used in tea-seed oil processing based on wind-force drive protection |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4419856A (en) * | 1980-12-08 | 1983-12-13 | Taylor Clyde L | Seed harvesting apparatus |
| CN201131165Y (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2008-10-15 | 宋成立 | A suspended type single row silager |
| US9073824B2 (en) * | 2012-01-26 | 2015-07-07 | Prairie Pharms, Llc | Method for cultivation of Monarda fistulosa for production of thymoquinone |
| CN104322218A (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2015-02-04 | 王庆忠 | Sesame threshing machine |
| CN104303724A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-01-28 | 杜宏彬 | Black sesame seed storage method |
| CN104813813A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-08-05 | 安徽新桥工贸有限责任公司 | Sesame husking apparatus |
| CN204685500U (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-10-07 | 安徽新桥工贸有限责任公司 | A kind of sesame is dispelled housing apparatus |
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- 2016-05-31 CN CN201610372021.5A patent/CN106034571B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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