CN106000462A - 以镁铝类水滑石为前驱体的耐硫变换催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
以镁铝类水滑石为前驱体的耐硫变换催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 229910003023 Mg-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- WHDPTDWLEKQKKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt molybdenum Chemical compound [Co].[Co].[Mo] WHDPTDWLEKQKKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate group Chemical group [N+](=O)([O-])[O-] NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- -1 atom molybdenum salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
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- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
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- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 7
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 7
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
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- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Inorganic materials O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- AFTDTIZUABOECB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Mo] Chemical compound [Co].[Mo] AFTDTIZUABOECB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001051 Magnalium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical group [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019427 Mg(NO3)2-6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003208 (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021094 Co(NO3)2-6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019114 CoAl2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910026161 MgAl2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015667 MoO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BOWNUAQMFDGHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N.[Mo].[Co] Chemical compound N.[Mo].[Co] BOWNUAQMFDGHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- INILCLIQNYSABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt;sulfanylidenemolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo].[Co]=S INILCLIQNYSABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J27/188—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
- B01J27/19—Molybdenum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/007—Mixed salts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/88—Molybdenum
- B01J23/882—Molybdenum and cobalt
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/12—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
- C01B3/16—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
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Abstract
本发明提供一种以镁铝类水滑石为前驱体的耐硫变换催化剂及其制备方法。采用共沉淀法,离子交换法,焙烧复原法等方法将钴钼杂多阴离子引入类水滑石层板间,再通过高温焙烧得到耐硫变换催化剂。所得催化剂具有合适的孔径分布和较大的比表面积。活性组分分散均匀,Co和Mo之间良好的配位和分散状况,使得Co与Mo之间形成良好的相互作用。因此,所得耐硫变换催化剂有较低的还原温度和硫化温度,且在常压和低汽气比的情况下,依然具有较高的低温活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水煤气变换催化剂制备领域,具体涉及一种以镁铝类水滑石为前驱体的耐硫变换催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
基于我国缺油,少气,富煤的能源结构特点和煤炭在化石能源消耗结构中所占据的地位,在很长一段时间内煤炭作为我国的主要能源不会变,直接燃烧使用煤炭所存在的低效率和污染问题为人们不能接受,因此高效且清洁地利用煤炭资源成为了我国未来主要的发展方向。面对该问题,将煤炭通过先进的水煤浆加压或粉煤加压等技术手段进行气化,然后将所得混合气与水蒸气经过变换工艺制备氢气成为一种有效的解决方法。该方法可同时解决煤炭利用率低和环境污染的问题。虽然到目前为止,已经有3个系列的催化剂实现了工业化:铁系高温变换催化剂(300-450℃)、铜系低温变换催化剂(190-250℃)和钴钼系耐硫宽温变换催化剂(180-450℃)。铁系和铜系分别有着较高和较低的活性温度,但是其共同的特点是在存在着原料气中硫含量高导致的催化剂中毒现象,从而限制了他们的进一步发展。由于煤热解过程中会产生一些硫物质,因此制备活性高,稳定性强的耐硫变换催化剂就十分重要,而CoMo系变换催化剂以其耐硫性强和活性温区宽的特点得到广泛的应用。
目前,国内外已开发成功了钴钼系耐硫宽温变换催化剂,在国外工业化的Co-Mo耐硫变换催化剂主要有德国的K8-11催化剂、英国的SSK催化剂和C25-2-02催化剂,国内工业化的Co-Mo耐硫变换催化剂主要有SB系列、EB系列和QCS系列耐硫变换催化剂。而这些工业化的变换催化剂通常选择Al2O3和MgAl2O4为载体,制备工艺则采用钴钼氨水溶液共浸渍法。即在工业上以氨水、醋酸钴等工业原料,通过氨络合液共浸渍的工艺来制备钴钼耐硫变换催化剂。该浸渍工艺中催化剂活性组分钴和钼在高温情况下容易与载体中的Al相互作用生成CoAl2O4和Al2(MoO4)等稳定的化合物,从而导致在硫化过程中难以生成硫化相。且钴钼共浸渍法得到的催化剂经硫化后得到Co9S8,MoS2和Co-Mo-S等混合硫化相,从而不利于活性的提高。此外,以浓氨水为介质溶解钴钼盐,浸渍后,在干燥和焙烧过程中有大量的氨气释放,污染环境,工作环境恶劣。
针对以上问题,有人做出了一些相应的工作,主要是从载体和活性组分前驱体入手。专利CN201410202224.0报道了以钴钼杂多酸为活性前驱体,采用等体积浸渍法将钴钼杂多酸的水溶液浸渍到氧化铝载体上,再通过焙烧得到钴钼耐硫变换催化剂,很好的解决了环境污染的问题。专利(201510588855.5)通过制备钴镁铝三元水滑石,以其焙烧产物为载体,将钼的水溶液等体积浸渍到载体上,经过焙烧得到耐硫变换催化剂。解决环境污染问题的同时也提高了变换催化剂的活性。但以上工作同样是采用通常的浸渍工艺来制备耐硫变换催化剂,依然存在焙烧后活性组分分散不均匀,钴钼之间相互作用弱的问题。
近年来,水滑石以及类水滑石材料由于具有特殊结构使其具有特殊性能,包括层板化学组成的可调控性、数量的可调控性、层间阴离子的可交换性、表面呈碱性及其特殊的结构复忆功能,使得水滑石类层状化合物在催化、污水处理、医药、油漆涂料、电流变材料、阻燃、功能发光材料及半导体等领域显示出广阔的应用前景。水滑石是一类具有层状结构的无机材料,其层板为金属阳离子,层间则为阴离子。天然的水滑石为镁铝水滑石,层板上为Mg2+和Al3+,且nMg2+/nAl3+=3,层间为CO3 2-,根据水滑石层间阴离子可交换的特点,可以通过共沉淀法、离子交换法、焙烧复原法将离子半径大的杂多阴离子引入到层间,从而制备出具有不同结构和功能的插层组装材料。基于水滑石该特点,我们选取钴钼杂多酸作为活性前驱体,通过不同方法将钴钼杂多酸引入水滑石层板间,再经过干燥,焙烧得到具有高活性和分散度的耐硫变换催化剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种以镁铝类水滑石为前驱体的耐硫变换催化剂,以镁铝类水滑石为前驱体,钴钼杂多酸为活性组分,通过将钴钼杂多阴离子引入类水滑石层板间得到得钴钼杂多酸柱撑镁铝类水滑石材料,然后将其经过干燥、焙烧制得。所得催化剂中钴钼的分散度提高,钴钼间的相互作用增强,从而使催化剂有较低的还原温度和硫化温度,且在常压和低汽气比的情况下,依然具有较高的低温活性。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种以镁铝类水滑石为前驱体的耐硫变换催化剂,以镁铝类水滑石为前驱体,和钴钼杂多酸为活性组分,通过用共沉淀法制备镁铝类水滑石,将钴钼杂多酸引入到类水滑石层板间,然后经过干燥、焙烧等步骤制得。所得催化剂中MoO3负载量为1~15 wt %。
所述钴钼杂多酸为Co2Mo10杂多酸、CoMo6杂多酸和CoMo12杂多酸中的一种。
耐硫变换催化剂制备方法的具体步骤如下:
(1)制备镁铝类水滑石:
称取一定量镁盐和铝盐溶于煮沸过的去离子水中配制成混合溶液,其中n(Mg/Al)=1~6;然后再称取一定量的氢氧化钠和硝酸钠溶于煮沸过的去离子水配制成混合溶液;在氮气保护下,将镁盐和铝盐的混合溶液缓慢滴入氢氧化钠和硝酸钠的混合溶液中,剧烈搅拌,并维持体系pH=9~11,待滴加完毕后继续搅拌1h,然后加热升温至90℃,并恒温8~24h;然后静置12~36h后,离心洗涤至pH=7,在80~120℃干燥8~24h制得镁铝类水滑石。
所述镁盐和铝盐分别为硝酸盐,硫酸盐和盐酸盐中的一种。
所述钠盐与铝盐的的物质的量比为2:1,镁盐与铝盐的物质的量比为1~6:1。
(2)制备钴钼杂多酸:
将含杂多酸中配原子钼盐溶于去离子水,加热升温至沸腾。将含杂多酸中杂原子钴盐溶解于双氧水中;将以上两种溶液混合,高温反应一段时间后,过滤,蒸发浓缩,再过滤,冷却结晶,得到钴钼杂多酸。
其中所述杂多酸的配原子钼盐分别为钠盐,钾盐和铵盐中的一种,杂原子钴盐为硝酸盐,盐酸盐和硫酸盐中的一种。
(3)制备催化剂:分别采用共沉淀法、焙烧复原法和离子交换法将步骤(2)中所得钴钼杂多酸引入步骤(1)所得镁铝类水滑石的层板间,干燥,焙烧,得到以镁铝类水滑石为载体的耐硫变换催化剂。
所述干燥温度为80~110℃,干燥时间为8~24h,焙烧温度为450~750 ℃,焙烧时间为2~4 h。
所得耐流变催化剂用于催化水煤气变换反应,催化水煤气变换反应的条件为:常压下,反应温度200~450℃,体积空速≤5000h-1,汽气比为0.2~0.6。
本发明的显著优势在于:
(1) 本发明采用共沉淀法制备镁铝类水滑石母体,工艺简单,易于操作,价格低廉,可大规模生产,具有广阔的应用前景。
(2) 本发明以钴钼杂多酸作为活性前驱体,将杂多酸引入类水滑石层板间,解决了活性组分钴钼分散性和配位性的问题,使得活性组分钴钼具有较高的分散度和良好的相互作用。所得催化剂具有较高的比表面积和更多的Co-Mo-S活性相和活性中心,可以大幅度减少Co和Mo的用量。并且该制备过程不用氨水作为介质溶解钴钼盐,解决了环境污染的问题。
(3) 在常压低温下,本发明制备的催化剂在不含助剂钾的情况下即可实现高活性,其热稳定性比同类催化剂也有显著提高。
附图说明:
图1焙烧复原法制备换催化剂B(a)、镁铝类水滑石母体(b)和离子交换法制备的耐硫变换催化剂C(c)的XRD图。
具体实施方式
实施例1.
本实施例提供一种催化剂,该催化剂以镁铝类水滑石为前驱体,以Co2Mo10杂多酸为活性组分,通过焙烧复原法制备。其具体步骤如下:
(1)制备镁铝类水滑石:
称取14.4231g Mg(NO3)2·6H2O和7.0331g Al(NO3)3·9H2O溶于250mL煮沸过的去离子水中配制成混合溶液A;然后再称取6.4g NaOH和3.1875g NaNO3溶于250mL 煮沸过的去离子水中配制成混合溶液B;在氮气保护下,将溶液A以6 ml/min的滴加速率缓慢滴入混合溶液B中,剧烈搅拌,并维持体系pH=9,待滴加完毕后继续搅拌1h,然后加热升温至90℃,并恒温8h;然后静置12h后,离心洗涤至pH=7,在80℃干燥24h制得镁铝类水滑石。其结构如图1(b)所示。
(2)制备Co2Mo10钴钼杂多酸:
将28.92g的(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O溶于260 mL去离子水,加热升温至150℃。将5.8 g的 Co(NO3)2·6H2O溶解于30 mL去离子水和3mL双氧水(体积分数30%)中;将以上两种溶液混合,并在150 ℃溶液中反应1 h,再经过过滤,蒸发浓缩,多次过滤,结晶,得到初级产物。接着将初级产物溶于去离子水中,加热溶解后,继续蒸发浓缩,热过滤,静置,结晶,过滤,置于干燥箱中在80 ℃保持2 h,最后分离出墨绿色晶体和蓝绿色晶体,其中墨绿色晶体为Co2Mo10杂多酸。
(3)制备催化剂:
称取5.5g步骤(1)所得镁铝类水滑石载体经500℃焙烧后,并磨成粉末;然后将步骤(2)所得的Co2Mo10杂多酸称取1.058g溶于(20mL)煮沸去离子水配制成溶液C;然后将镁铝类水滑石载体粉末倒入溶液C中,室温静置24h后,经过离心、洗涤、干燥,得到钴钼杂多酸柱撑镁铝类水滑石材料,其结构如图1(a)所示,经过450℃焙烧2h之后得到催化剂A。催化剂中钼含量为:8wt%(以MoO3计),。
通过改变称取的杂多酸的量来制备含有不同质量分数的MoO3的耐硫变换催化剂,称取杂多酸的量为0.132g和1.984g时,所制备的耐硫变换催化剂中MoO3的质量分数分别为1wt%和15wt%。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种催化剂,该催化剂以镁铝类水滑石载体为前驱体,以Co2Mo10杂多酸为活性组分,通过离子交换法制备。其具体步骤如下:
(1)制备镁铝类水滑石:
称取14.4231g Mg(NO3)2·6H2O和7.0331g Al(NO3)3·9H2O溶于250mL煮沸过的去离子水中配制成混合溶液A;然后再称取6.4g NaOH和3.1875g NaNO3溶于250mL 煮沸过的去离子水中配制成混合溶液B;在氮气保护下,将溶液A以6 ml/min的滴加速率缓慢滴入混合溶液B中,剧烈搅拌,并维持体系pH=9,待滴加完毕后继续搅拌1h,然后加热升温至90℃,并恒温8h;然后静置12h后,离心洗涤至pH=7,在80℃干燥24h制得镁铝类水滑石。
(2)制备Co2Mo10钴钼杂多酸:
将28.92g的(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O溶于260 mL去离子水,加热升温至150℃。将5.8 g的Co(NO3)2·6H2O溶解于30 mL去离子水和3mL双氧水(体积分数30%)中;将以上两种溶液混合,并在150 ℃溶液中反应1 h,再经过过滤,蒸发浓缩,多次过滤,结晶,得到初级产物。接着将初级产物溶于去离子水中,加热溶解后,继续蒸发浓缩,热过滤,静置,结晶,过滤,置于干燥箱中在80 ℃保持2 h,最后分离出墨绿色晶体和蓝绿色晶体,其中墨绿色晶体为Co2Mo10杂多酸。
(3)制备催化剂:
将制备的镁铝类水滑石研磨成粉末后称取8.6g置于烧杯中,倒入一定量的去离子水(同上)配制成溶液,称取1.058g Co2Mo10杂多酸溶于去离子水(同上)配制成溶液,然后将两种溶液混合,在N2保护下剧烈搅拌,于室温下静置24h之后,产物经离心、干燥、得到钴钼杂多酸插层的镁铝类水滑石,其结构如图1(c)所示,450℃焙烧2h后得到催化剂,记为催化剂B,催化剂中钼含量为:8%(以MoO3计)。
通过改变称取的杂多酸的量来制备含有不同质量分数的MoO3的耐硫变换催化剂,称取杂多酸的量为0.132g和1.984g时,所制备的耐硫变换催化剂中MoO3的质量分数分别为1wt%和15wt%。
实施例1和2中所得催化剂XRD图如图1所示,其中(a)为焙烧复原法制备换催化剂B、(b)为镁铝类水滑石母体和(c)为离子交换法制备的耐硫变换催化剂C。如图1所示:镁铝水滑石含7个表示水滑石特征衍射峰,其分别为(003)、(006)、(012)、(015)(018)、(110)和(113)面衍射峰。其中,d(003)表示的是水滑石的层间距,由图可知,采用焙烧复原法和离子交换法得到Co2Mo10杂多阴离子插层的镁铝类水滑石的(003)晶面均发生移动。由于该层间距与层间的阴离子半径以及与基本层上的阳离子之间的作用有关系。如果层间配位阴离子的电荷密度较低,则它与带正电荷的层间的作用力就会较弱,从而导致层间距会较大;反之,层间距就会较小。因此,图1中(003)面衍射峰的移动,说明Co2Mo10杂多酸进入到了水滑石的层板中间。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种催化剂,该催化剂以镁铝类水滑石载体为前驱体,以CoMo6杂多酸为活性组分,通过离子交换法制备。其具体步骤如下:
(1)制备镁铝类水滑石:
称取14.4231g Mg(NO3)2·6H2O和7.0331g Al(NO3)3·9H2O溶于250mL煮沸过的去离子水中配制成混合溶液A;然后再称取6.4g NaOH和3.1875g NaNO3溶于250mL 煮沸过的去离子水中配制成混合溶液B;在氮气保护下,将溶液A以6 ml/min的滴加速率缓慢滴入混合溶液B中,剧烈搅拌,并维持体系pH=9,待滴加完毕后继续搅拌1h,然后加热升温至90℃,并恒温8h;然后静置12h后,离心洗涤至pH=7,在80℃干燥24h制得镁铝类水滑石。
(2)制备CoMo6钴钼杂多酸:
将28.92g的(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O溶于260 mL去离子水,加热升温至150℃。将5.8 g的Co(NO3)2·6H2O溶解于30 mL去离子水和3mL双氧水(体积分数30%)中;将以上两种溶液混合,并在150 ℃溶液中反应1 h,再经过过滤,蒸发浓缩,多次过滤,结晶,得到初级产物。接着将初级产物溶于去离子水中,加热溶解后,继续蒸发浓缩,热过滤,静置,结晶,过滤,置于干燥箱中在80 ℃保持2 h,最后分离出墨绿色晶体和蓝绿色晶体,其中蓝绿色晶体为CoMo6杂多酸。
(3)制备催化剂:
将制备的镁铝类水滑石研磨成粉末后称取8.6g置于烧杯中,倒入一定量的去离子水(同上)配制成溶液,称取0.6348gCoMo6杂多酸溶于去离子水(同上)配制成溶液,然后将两种溶液混合,在N2保护下剧烈搅拌,于室温下静置24h之后,产物经离心、干燥、450℃焙烧2h后得到催化剂,记为催化剂C,催化剂中钼含量为:8%(以MoO3计)。
对比例1
本对比例提供一种催化剂,该催化剂以镁铝类水滑石焙烧后的复合氧化物(记为LDO)为载体材料,以Co2Mo10杂多酸为活性组分,通过浸渍法制备。其具体步骤如下:
(1)制备镁铝类水滑石:
称取14.4231g Mg(NO3)2·6H2O和7.0331g Al(NO3)3·9H2O溶于250mL煮沸过的去离子水中配制成混合溶液A;然后再称取6.4g NaOH和3.1875g NaNO3溶于250mL 煮沸过的去离子水中配制成混合溶液B;在氮气保护下,将溶液A以6 ml/min的滴加速率缓慢滴入混合溶液B中,剧烈搅拌,并维持体系pH=9,待滴加完毕后继续搅拌1h,然后加热升温至90℃,并恒温8h;然后静置12h后,离心洗涤至pH=7,在80℃干燥24h制得镁铝类水滑石。
(2)制备钴钼杂多酸:
将28.92g (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O溶于260 mL去离子水,加热升温至150℃。将5.8g Co(NO3)2·6H2O溶解于30 mL去离子水和3mL双氧水(体积分数30%)中;将以上两种溶液混合,并在150 ℃溶液中反应1 h,再经过过滤,蒸发浓缩,多次过滤,结晶,得到初级产物。接着将初级产物溶于去离子水中,加热溶解后,继续蒸发浓缩,热过滤,静置,结晶,过滤,置于干燥箱中在80 ℃保持2 h,最后分离出墨绿色晶体和蓝绿色晶体,其中墨绿色晶体为Co2Mo10杂多酸。
(3)称取5.5g对比例1中步骤(1)所得的镁铝类水滑石经800℃焙烧后得到LDO为载体,等体积浸渍步骤(1)所得的Co2Mo10杂多酸,其中Co2Mo10杂多酸的质量为1.058g,室温下静置24 h,然后将样品干燥,450 ℃下焙烧2 h,制得催化剂D,催化剂中钼的质量分数为:8%(以MoO3计)。
对比例2
本对比例提供一种催化剂,该催化剂以焙烧后的含硝酸根离子的镁铝水滑石(LDO)为载体材料,以Co2Mo10杂多酸溶液和K2CO3溶液为活性组分制得,其具体步骤如下:
称取5.5g对比例1中步骤(1)所得的镁铝类水滑石经800℃焙烧后得到LDO为载体,等体积浸渍Co2Mo10杂多酸溶液和K2CO3溶液,其中Co2Mo10杂多酸的质量为1.058g,K2CO3的质量为0.307 g,室温下静置24 h,然后将样品干燥,450 ℃下焙烧2 h,制得催化剂E。催化剂中钼含量为:8%(以MoO3计),钾含量为3.5% (以K2O计)。
采用北京欣航盾技术发展有限公司生产的CO高温变换催化剂测试装置(CO-CMAT9003)对上述所制得的催化剂A-F的活性进行。
活性评价实验过程如下:
活性测试前,催化剂(20~40目,5ml)先于250℃硫化2h,然后在升温至350℃硫化1h,之后降温至200℃后改通三组分气体(φ(CO)=26%,φ(H2)= 54%,φ(CO2)=20%),打水进入汽化器,在混合器混合以后通入反应器,生成水煤气变换反应气进行活性测试。测试条件:常压,空速3000h-1,汽气体积比为0.5,测试温度区间为200~450℃,温度间隔50℃,采用程序升温,控制升温速率为3℃·min-1,每个温度点保持3~4h。原料气和产物中的CO含量通过日本Shimadzu GC-8A型气相色谱仪分析检测。催化剂活性用CO转化率(x)表示。X=(1-VCO*/VCO)/(1+VCO*) ×100%,式中VCO和VCO*分别为原料气中和反应尾气中CO含量。
对上述催化剂的活性评价结果如表1所示。从表1可知,本发明的方法所得催化剂(A-C)在温度范围250-450℃内均具有较高的催化活性。采用焙烧复原法(催化剂A)和离子交换法(催化剂B和C)制备的耐硫变换催化剂其低温和高温活性均明显高于浸渍法制备的耐硫变换催化剂(催化剂D),且催化剂B在400℃时CO转换率达到最大值,说明将杂多酸引入层间的方法有利于活性组分的分散,最终导致活性的提高。此外,催化剂E加入了助剂K2CO3来提高其低温活性。但催化剂B在不含助剂K2CO3的情况下,其活性高于含助剂K2CO3的催化剂的活性,进一步证实了钴钼杂多酸插层镁铝类水滑石制备耐硫变换催化剂具有在低温下高活性的优异性能。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种以镁铝类水滑石为前驱体的耐硫变换催化剂,其特征在于:以镁铝类水滑石前驱体,钴钼杂多酸为活性组分制备而成,所得催化剂中MoO3负载量为1~15 wt %。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐硫变换催化剂,其特征在于:所述钴钼杂多酸为Co2Mo10杂多酸、CoMo6杂多酸和CoMo12杂多酸中的一种。
3.一种如权利要求1所述以镁铝类水滑石为前驱体的耐硫变换催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:用共沉淀法制备镁铝类水滑石,将钴钼杂多酸引入到镁铝类水滑石层板间,然后经过干燥、焙烧得到耐硫变换催化剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述镁铝类水滑石的制备过程如下:称取一定量镁盐和铝盐溶于煮沸过的去离子水中配制成混合溶液;然后再称取一定量的氢氧化钠和硝酸钠溶于煮沸过的去离子水配制成混合溶液;在氮气保护下,将镁盐和铝盐的混合溶液缓慢滴入氢氧化钠和硝酸钠的混合溶液中,剧烈搅拌,并维持体系pH=9~11,待滴加完毕后继续搅拌1h,然后加热升温至90℃,并恒温8~24h;然后静置12~36h后,离心洗涤至pH=7,在80~120℃干燥8~24h制得镁铝类水滑石。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述钴钼杂多酸的制备过程如下:将含杂多酸中配原子钼盐溶于去离子水,加热升温至沸腾;将含杂多酸中杂原子钴盐溶解于双氧水中;将以上两种溶液混合,高温反应一段时间后,过滤,蒸发浓缩,再过滤,冷却结晶,得到钴钼杂多酸。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述将钴钼杂多酸引入到镁铝类水滑石层板间的方法包括离子交换法,焙烧复原法。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述含杂多酸中配原子钼盐分别为钠盐,钾盐和铵盐中的一种,含杂多酸中杂原子钴盐为硝酸盐,盐酸盐和硫酸盐中的一种。
8.一种如权利要求1所述的耐硫变换催化剂的应用,其特征在于:所述催化剂用于催化水煤气变换反应。
9.根据权利要求8所述的耐硫变换催化剂的应用,其特征在于:催化水煤气变换反应的条件为:常压下,反应温度200~450℃,体积空速≤5000h-1,汽气比为0.2~0.6。
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