CN105993554A - Control method for phosphorus non-point source pollution of corn planting in yellow soil slope cropland - Google Patents
Control method for phosphorus non-point source pollution of corn planting in yellow soil slope cropland Download PDFInfo
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- CN105993554A CN105993554A CN201610469343.1A CN201610469343A CN105993554A CN 105993554 A CN105993554 A CN 105993554A CN 201610469343 A CN201610469343 A CN 201610469343A CN 105993554 A CN105993554 A CN 105993554A
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- phosphorus
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- source pollution
- runoff
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control method for phosphorus non-point source pollution of corn planting in a yellow soil slope cropland. The method comprises steps as follows: optimized fertilization, cross slope ridge tillage, contour hedgerow construction and straw mulching. The control method is remarkable in technical effect, simple and convenient to operate and high in technical integration degree; the defects of severe water and soil loss, high runoff coefficient and high runoff phosphorus loss of a traditional planting habit of farmers are overcome. The technology remarkably controls production of overland runoff of the yellow soil slope cropland and reduces total phosphorus output, the runoff coefficient is 11.59%, the phosphorus loss coefficient is 0.115, and the runoff coefficient and the phosphorus loss coefficient are obviously lower than those of the traditional planting habit of the farmers, so that the method is an effective measure for reducing the agricultural phosphorus non-point source pollution risk.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of agricultural technology field, especially a kind of yellow earth sloping upland corn planting phosphorus pollution of area source controls
Method.
Background technology
At present, sloping upland runoff phosphorus non-point source pollution control technique mainly includes three kinds of measures, it may be assumed that engineering ladder technology, horizontal
Slope ridge culture technology or biological hedge ladder technology, reduce the phosphorus loss amount of runoff by prevention soil and water loss.The deficiencies in the prior art:
One, engineering measure engineering cost is high, and ecological effect is poor；Two, single cross ridge technology or biological hedge ladder technology, it controls
The effect of prevention and control of soil erosion phosphorus loss is limited.It is therefore desirable to what a kind of efficient Prevention Technique solved to be faced at present
Problem.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: providing a kind of yellow earth sloping upland corn planting phosphorus non-point source pollution control method, it is to phosphorus face
Source Environmental capacity is effective, and easy to use, and ecological effect is good, and cost is relatively low.
The present invention is achieved in that yellow earth sloping upland corn planting phosphorus non-point source pollution control method, 1) will use common
Calcium superphosphate is as phosphate fertilizer, and in phosphate fertilizer, the amount of application of phosphorus pentoxide is every mu of 6kg；2) mode of cross ridge is used；3) edge
Equal pitch contour plants two band Radix hemerocalis plicatae plant hedges；4), during maize planting in spring, carry out the ridge back of the body with natural air drying Caulis et Folium Oryzae and cover, thickness 8
～10cm.
Described 2) in ridge high 20～25cm, row spacing 35-45cm.
Described 3) in, Radix hemerocalis plicatae plant hedge, three meter of one band, often carry two row, line width 25cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, every cave two strain.
Owing to have employed above technical scheme, compared with prior art, the technology of the present invention effect is obvious, easy and simple to handle, skill
Art integrated level is high；Changing traditional Cotton Varieties by Small Farming Households custom severe water and soil erosion, runoff coefficient is high, high the lacking of runoff phosphorus loss amount
Point.This technology significantly controls yellow earth sloping upland rainwash and produces, reduces total phosphorus output, and runoff coefficient is 11.59%, phosphorus loss
Coefficient is 0.115, hence it is evident that less than traditional Cotton Varieties by Small Farming Households custom, is the effective measures reducing agricultural phosphorus vegetarian noodles source pollution risk.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiments of the invention 1: yellow earth sloping upland corn planting phosphorus non-point source pollution control method, from 2008-2014 years
Test is carried out in Hu Chao township, Huaxi District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province.Trial zone belongs to typical case hills, south yellow earth sloping upland, the gradient 15 °, slope
To for southwestward, belong to subtropical zone and moisten monsoon climate, average annual temperature 14.9 DEG C, >=10 DEG C of accumulated temperature 4990, average annual rainfall
1000～1150mm.Cropping pattern is the whole province's nonirrigated farmland maximum Brassica campestris L-Corn Rotation System Planting Patterns.Corn variety be single No. 3 of Guizhou Province,
Guizhou Province 259, takes following steps 1) normal superphosphate will be used as phosphate fertilizer, in phosphate fertilizer, the amount of application of phosphorus pentoxide is every
Mu 6kg；2) mode of cross ridge, ridge high 20～25cm, row spacing 40cm are used；3) two band Radix hemerocalis plicatae plants are planted along equal pitch contour
Hedge, three meter of one band, often carry two row, line width 25cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, every cave two strain；4), during maize planting in spring, natural air drying rice is used
Grass carries out the ridge back of the body and covers, thickness 8～10cm.
Being tillage management measure and Fertilization Level two factor by control measure, tillage management measure mainly has suitable slope routine to plough
Work, cross ridge, improving straw mulching, 4 kinds of measures of contour hedgerows；Measures of fertilizer for not executing any fertilizer, conventional fertilizer application, optimization are executed
Fertile 3 kinds of levels, set 4 measures altogether, repeat for 3 times, random district group arrangement (table 1).CK: do not execute any fertilizer+suitable slope routine and plough
Make, CON: conventional fertilizer application+along slope routine farming, OPT: Optimum+suitable slope routine farming, OPT+TR+S+H: Optimum
+ cross ridge+improving straw mulching+contour hedgerows.
Meanwhile, in order to verify the technique effect of the present invention, it is provided with contrast in the same period especially.
Conventional fertilizer application: by local farmers fertilising custom, fertilizer (barnyard manure) 750kg/667m2, pure N 15kg/667m2,
P2O5 9kg/667m2、K2O 2.5kg/667m2.Optimum: fertilizer (barnyard manure) 750kg/667m2, pure N 12kg/667m2,
P2O56 kg/667m2、K2O 6kg/667m2。
Along slope routine farming: be accustomed to the methods of cultivation by local farmers, along along direction, slope intertill twice (topdress in conjunction with nitrogenous fertilizer,
Carry out twice intertillage).
Cross ridge: horizontal wall inscription is planted, ridge high 20～25cm, row spacing 40cm.
Improving straw mulching: during maize planting in spring, carries out the ridge back of the body with Caulis et Folium Oryzae and covers, thickness 8～10cm.
Contour hedgerows: plant two band Radix hemerocalis plicatae plant hedges, three meter of one band along equal pitch contour, often carry two row, line width 25cm, strain
Away from 15cm, every cave two strain.
The corn yield of different control measures
As shown in Table 1, between 2008～2014, different measure corn yield diversity compared with CK is notable, all has and substantially increases production effect
Really, amount of increase in production is 8.0%～51.9%.Optimum effect of increasing production is obvious, average product 5136.7kg/hm2, relatively compare volume increase
29.1%, more conventional fertilising volume increase 3.8%.Comparing between different measure, the highest with OPT+TR+S+H yield, average product is 5268.5
kg/hm2, the most relatively Optimum, conventional fertilizer application and comparison volume increase 2.6%, 6.8% and 50.6%.
The effect of damming of different control measures
Observed result shows, the rainfall between 7 years is concentrated mainly on April～October, runoff yield month is concentrated mainly on the 5 of Semen Maydis season
Month～July, other in month run-off less, 7 annual mean runoffs are 124.6mm, and average runoff coefficient is 13.0% (table 2).From
From the point of view of different tillage method, each measure rainwash diversity is notable；CK does not applies fertilizer, and crop growing state is poor, and ground mulching degree is low, cuts
Stream weak effect, 7 annual mean runoffs are 139.2mm, and runoff coefficient reaches 14.26%.Cross ridge+plant hedge+coverage effect is
Good, 7 annual mean runoffs are 112.6mm, and runoff coefficient is 11.10%.Effect of damming the most relatively Optimum, conventional fertilizer application and
Comparison reduction by 28.5%, 20.7 % and 17.4%.
The control effect of different control measures total phosphorus nitrogen outputs
Different control measures have impact in various degree to the TP number of dropouts of yellow earth sloping upland, from the point of view of average result for many years,
TP number of dropouts with CON measure is maximum, and the number of dropouts of CK is minimum, and size order is followed successively by CON ＞ OPT ＞ OPT+TR+S+H ＞
CK, number of dropouts is respectively 1.39 kg/hm2、0.93kg/hm2、0.73 kg/hm2、0.51kg/hm2(table 3).OPT+TR+S+H
It is notable that the output of measure total phosphorus controls effect, and more conventional fertilising and Optimum reduce by 47.3%, 21.4% respectively.
Optimum, cross ridge, improving straw mulching, contour hedgerows are to control yellow earth sloping upland phosphorus source pollutant with earth's surface
The effective measures of Loss in Runoff, are primarily due to Optimum and effectively lower the nutrient density in runoff, reduce waste and alleviate
Environmental risk；Cross ridge plays the effect of choked flow shunting, increases infiltration of ground surface, greatly reduces the generation of runoff；Straw covers
Lid, contour hedgerows are then avoided that raindrop direct collimeter soil, reduce evaporation, increase soil infiltration rate, reduce soil erosion, from
And reduce the loss of phosphorus nutrients.
The phosphate fertilizer loss coefficient of different control measures
Different measure phosphate fertilizer loss coefficient significant difference, as shown in Table 4, the loss coefficient luffing of 3 kinds of measures be 0.104%～
0.281%, applying fertilizer routinely+the highest along the loss coefficient of slope routine farming (CON), it is 0.281%.Optimum+horizontal wall inscription ridge
Minimum the 0.104% of work+improving straw mulching+higher plant hedge (OPT+TR+S+H), the most relatively fertilising (CON) and Optimum measure
Reduce by 63.0%, 34.1%.
Learning according to above experimental result, the present invention can not only improve the product of Semen Maydis, reduces rainwash feature, phosphorus stream
Vector and phosphate fertilizer loss coefficient are minimum.
Claims (3)
1. a yellow earth sloping upland corn planting phosphorus non-point source pollution control method, it is characterised in that: 1) common peroxophosphoric acid will be used
Calcium is as phosphate fertilizer, and in phosphate fertilizer, the amount of application of phosphorus pentoxide is every mu of 6kg；2) mode of cross ridge is used；3) along equal pitch contour
Plant two band Radix hemerocalis plicatae plant hedges；4), during maize planting in spring, carry out the ridge back of the body with natural air drying Caulis et Folium Oryzae and cover, thickness 8～10cm.
Yellow earth sloping upland corn planting phosphorus non-point source pollution control method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
2) in ridge high 20～25cm, row spacing 35-45cm.
Yellow earth sloping upland corn planting phosphorus non-point source pollution control method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
3) in, Radix hemerocalis plicatae plant hedge, three meter of one band, often carry two row, line width 25cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, every cave two strain.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1496660A1 (en) * | 1986-04-16 | 1989-07-30 | Волжский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Гидротехники И Мелиорации | Method of cultivating irrtgated winter wheat |
| CN104429207A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Pitting field and hedgerow combined farming mode and structure thereof |
| CN105145068A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-12-16 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Hedge earth bank ridge-direction pitting field having functions of conserving water, soil, nitrogen and phosphorus and cultivation method |
-
2016
- 2016-06-25 CN CN201610469343.1A patent/CN105993554A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1496660A1 (en) * | 1986-04-16 | 1989-07-30 | Волжский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Гидротехники И Мелиорации | Method of cultivating irrtgated winter wheat |
| CN104429207A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Pitting field and hedgerow combined farming mode and structure thereof |
| CN105145068A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-12-16 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Hedge earth bank ridge-direction pitting field having functions of conserving water, soil, nitrogen and phosphorus and cultivation method |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 胡岗等: "3种不同管理措施黄壤坡耕地的有机碳与氮养分", 《西南农业学报》 * |
| 范成五等: "不同管理措施对黄壤坡耕地径流氮输出的控制效果", 《农业环境科学学报》 * |
| 范成五等: "种植方式与磷肥施用量对油菜—玉米轮作体系作物产量的影响", 《贵州农业科学》 * |
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