CN105986787A - 具有可枢转电接触组件的闷头组合件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
根据一个方面，提供一种闷头组合件，其具有结合井下工具的特定应用，尤其用于油井钻井应用。所述闷头组合件包括主体和安置在所述主体内的电接触组件，其中所述电接触组件的至少一部分被构造成绕其本身的轴枢转，而不损害其提供压力和流体屏障的能力。在一个方面中，还总体描述了包括所述闷头组合件的所述井下工具。
Description
领域
本文中总体描述一种结合井下工具(即，在井中使用的任何一件设备)使用的具有可枢转电接触组件的闷头组合件。
背景
在从在地面下方深处延伸的地下井筒勘探和开采油气(诸如化石燃料(例如，石油)和天然气)时，各种井下工具插入地面下方且有时包括复杂的机械和爆炸装置。可在勘探和开采中使用(尤其用于油井钻井应用)的设备的类型的实例包括测井工具和射孔枪系统和组合件。例如，它通常可用于根据需要维持跨一个或多个组件的压力(即，“压力屏障”)以确保流体不泄漏至枪组合件中。诸如闷头和起爆器的组件通常是这些射孔枪组合件中经受压力泄漏的组件。
在放置至射孔枪组合件中时，一个或多个起爆器(通常是雷管或点火器)传统上需要电线的实体连接。电线通常从地面向下行进至射孔枪组合件，并且负责沿着传递点火所需的地面信号。地面信号通常沿着从地面延伸的电线行进至定位在射孔枪组合件内的一个或多个雷管。这些电线行进穿过射孔枪组合件，同时维持跨个别组件的压差已被证实有挑战性。
射孔枪的组装需要多个部件的组装，其通常至少包括下列组件：外壳或外枪筒，其内定位用于从地面通信以点火的有线电连接、起爆器、导爆索、保持在内管、弹架或承载装置中的一个或多个射孔弹和在必要的情况下的一个或多个增压器。组合件通常包括通过将组件旋或拧至适当位置(可选地通过使用串联式接头)，将一个组件螺纹插入另一个组件。由于有线电连接必须延伸穿过射孔枪组合件的绝大部分，所以在组装期间它容易扭曲和卷曲。此外，当使用有线雷管时，必须将它手动连接至电线，其导致多个问题。由于部件的旋转组装，在组装期间电线可能受损，即电线可能被撕裂、扭曲和/或卷曲/划伤或电线可能被意外断开或甚至错误断开，更不必说与实体和手动接线现场炸药相关的安全问题。
根据现有技术并且如图1中所示，描绘现有技术的有线闷头10'。在射孔枪组合件中，闷头10'可用于针对多达依据地下油层或气层的位置可能需要的枪组合件单元适应至一串枪组合件中的下一枪组合件的电连接的电和弹道转移(经由有线电连接170'，其被示为具有覆盖延伸穿过闷头10'的主体的电接触组件20'的一个末端的绝缘体172')。这些闷头组合件通常具备从组合件的任一端延伸的固定针接触件。通常，闷头用于提供电接触或馈通以将电信号发送至起爆器或一种类型的开关系统。在这些应用中，例如，在操作期间以及在射孔枪引爆后，压力闷头需保持甚至在如可能在这些应用中经历的高温和高压下密封的压力，使得相邻射孔枪或井下工具装置不溢满井筒流体或暴露于井筒压力。跨这些装置的压差的维持经由橡胶组件(包括o形环32'、橡胶塞和类似物)的使用而发生。
这些闷头组合件是常见组件(尤其在需要一串井下工具时)，且是电子组件和/或接线必须穿过的屏障或组件(例如电馈通)，且存在为这种组件提供电馈通，同时维持跨组件的压差，且不损害电连接的需要。
在本行业中对实现电连接的改进包括如在通常指定的专利申请案PCT/EP2012/056609中发现的连接和配置(其中起爆器头适于容易地将外部电线引入插头中，而无需首先剥离电线的绝缘物)和PCT/EP2014/065752中发现的连接和配置(其中提供无线起爆器)，其全文以引用的方式并入本文中。
本文中描述的组合件进一步解决与现有已知组合件相关的问题，即它在一个实施方案中提供允许在所述领域中改进组装同时维持电连接的完整性的组合件，如在下文更详细描述。
发明内容
在一个实施方案中，提供一种闷头组合件，其包括：主体，被构造用于密封定位在井下工具内的闷头组合件下游的组件并且承受至少约20,000psi(137.9mPa)的压力；和电接触组件，其延伸穿过主体，使得电接触组件的至少一部分被构造成绕其本身的轴枢转，其中电接触组件被构造用于导电和电信号的馈通。
在一个实施方案中，电接触组件包括多个接触针，其可滑动地定位在闷头组合件的主体的孔内。
在一个实施方案中，提供与井下工具组合的闷头组合件。
附图简述
上文简述的更具体描述将通过参考其具体实施方案(其在附图中图示)而呈现。在理解这些图仅描绘典型实施方案且因此不被视为限制其范围的情况下，将通过使用附图额外具体以及详细地描述和说明示例性实施方案，其中：
图1是根据现有技术的闷头组合件的透视图；
图2是根据一个方面的闷头组合件的横截面图；
图3是图2的闷头组合件的剖视透视图；
图4是根据一个方面的组装在射孔枪组合件内的闷头组合件的部分剖视侧视图；和
图5是根据一个方面的组装在射孔枪组合件内的闷头组合件的部分剖视透视图。
从下文详细描述以及附图(其中贯穿图和文字相同数字表示相同组件)将变得更了解实施方案的各种特征、方面和优点。各种所描述特征未必按比例绘制，而是被绘制来强调有关实施方案的具体特征。
发明详述
现将详细参考各种实施方案。每个实例经由说明提供并且并未意味着限制并且不构成所有可能实施方案的界定。
一种闷头组合件在本文中总体描述并且具有结合井下工具的具体用途。在一个实施方案中，闷头组合件被构造来与测井工具或射孔枪组合件一起使用，特别用于油井钻井应用。闷头组合件提供安置在其主体内的电接触组件，其中电接触组件的至少一部分被构造成绕其本身的轴枢转，而不损害其提供压力和流体屏障的能力。
参考图2，闷头组合件10被提供并且被进一步构造用于密封定位在井下工具内的闷头组合件10下游的组件。在一个实施方案中，闷头组合件10被构造成压力隔离闷头且被构造来承受至少约20,000psi(137.9mPa)的压力。在一个实施方案中，闷头组合件10被构造来承受至少约30,000psi(275.8mPa)的压力。闷头组合件10包括主体12，其具有第一端部13和第二端部14以及在两者间延伸的孔17。进一步设想主体12包括从第一端部13朝向主体12的中心延伸的第一主体部分15和从第二端部14朝向主体12的中心延伸的第二主体部分16。虽然预期主体由热塑性材料(或另外非导电材料)制成，但是主体12可由其它材料制成，诸如金属(例如，具有非导电涂层的铝)。虽然第一主体部分15和第二主体部分16被描述为大致相同大小或另外同等比例，但是预期这些主体部分可在大小上不同或另外不成比例。
主体12可形成为单一构件或组件。使主体12形成为单一构件的方法包括但不限于从固体材料块注塑成型以及加工出组件。在一个实施方案中，注塑成型的主体12形成为固体材料，其中在注塑成型工艺期间，柔软或柔韧形式的热塑性材料被允许绕电接触组件20流动。
主体12包括外表面30，被构造成收纳在如下文更详细描述的串联式短节150中。外表面30通常包括一个或多个圆周凹口31，其被构造来用于收纳外密封构件32以密封定位在闷头组合件10下游的组件并且承受在井下应用中经历的典型高压。
根据一个方面，孔17沿着轴A-A，并且通常在主体的中心中延伸穿过主体12，并且可在跨主体的长度的直径上变化。具体参考图2，孔17可包括变化直径的三个区段或部分，但是可构造具有一个、两个、三个或更多个区段的孔17。如在图2中描绘并且在一个实施方案中，孔17包括：端部孔17a，其延伸穿过第一主体部分15和第二主体部分16的每个；中央部分孔17b；和中间部分孔17c，其在中央部分孔17b与端部孔17a之间延伸达深度或长度C。长度C被选择来优化可滑动组件的功能，如下文更详细描述。如本文中所示并且在一个实施方案中，每个端部孔17a具有比各自中间部分孔17c小的半径，而中央部分孔17b具有比中间部分孔17c大的半径。
闷头组合件10还包括电接触组件20，其延伸穿过主体12的孔17，使得电接触组件20的至少一部分被构造成绕其本身的轴A-A枢转。因此，闷头组合件10具有可枢转电接触组件20。电接触组件20被构造用于导电和电信号的馈通。电接触组件20因此可由任何适当导电材料形成。
电接触组件20可包括下列组件的一个或多个：接触针21或电线(未示出)、偏置构件50和/或中央部分40。本领域一般技术人员将了解，虽然利用如“中心”的术语，但是这些术语用于描述一些组件相对于其它组件的部分。虽然组件字面上可能中心定位，但是也预期组件的定位可偏离中心而不脱离预期目的。
在一个实施方案中并且具体参考图1和图2，电接触组件20包括一个或多个接触针21、电线连接(未示出)或其组合。换句话说，可根据一个方面组装闷头组合件10，其中接触针21在例如第一末端22上由电线取代。虽然这可能限制针对预期用途的适用性，即，在闷头内自由枢转以避免缠绕、卷曲或另外损害电线(和因此电信号)，但是具有从闷头组合件10的一个末端延伸的单个可枢转电接触组件仍可比当前可得的组合件有利。
根据一个方面，电接触组件20可包括多个接触针21，且每个接触针21包括第一末端22和第二末端23。在一个实施方案中，接触针21的至少一个可滑动地定位在主体12的孔17内。在一个实施方案中，接触针包括从针体27延伸的针头26。通常，为方便促进电连接，接触针可包括与针头26相反从针体27延伸的末端接触部28。
如图2和图3中所示，所描绘实施方案的闷头组合件10包括至少部分定位在第一主体部分15内且从第一端部13延伸至组合件10的外部或外表面30的第一接触针24，而第二接触针25至少部分定位在第二主体部分16内且从第二端部14延伸至组合件10的外表面30。
在一个实施方案中，中央部分孔17b通常被配置来收纳电接触组件20的中央部分40，而中间部分孔17c通常被构造来收纳电接触组件20的针头26和/或偏置构件50。在一个实施方案中，中央部分40和多个偏置构件50(诸如螺旋弹簧)定位在主体12的孔17内，其中偏置构件邻接中央部分40的至少一部分。在一个实施方案中，电接触组件20的中央部分40包括盘状中心主体41和从其延伸的臂42。
如在图2和图3中描绘并且在一个实施方案中，孔17的中央部分孔17b包括内凹部分18，其从中央部分孔内凹并且被构造来收纳孔密封构件19。这个密封将帮助维持闷头组合件10的完整性以密封并且维持跨组合件的压力，如下文更详细描述。
如本文中所示，多个偏置构件50包括第一偏置构件51和第二偏置构件52。。第一偏置构件51定位在主体12的第一主体部分15的孔17内，且第二偏置构件52定位在主体12的第二主体部分16的孔17内。更具体地并且在本实施方案中，偏置构件50定位在中间部分孔17c内。在进一步实施方案中，多个偏置构件50邻接中央部分40并且所述偏置构件50的每个邻接接触针21的至少一个。在一个实施方案中，第一接触针24邻接第一偏置构件51且第二接触针25邻接第二偏置构件52。进一步预期可提供第一接触针24与第一偏置构件51或第二接触针25与第二偏置构件52的至少一个之间的刚性连接。
根据一个方面，接触针的针头26被确定大小以可滑动地收纳在主体12的孔17的中间部分孔17c内。因此，在典型配置中，针头26可具有相对于针体27的半径的扩大半径。以此方式，针头26将被收纳在中间部分17c内，而针体27分别延伸穿过第一端部13或第二端部14的端部孔17a。
在操作中，接触针21能够绕其本身的轴A-A(如箭头D所示)旋转或转动或扭转或枢转(所有都是在本文中被统称作“枢转”、“可枢转”、“正在枢转”的功能)并且可在任一方向上旋转或枢转。。在井下工具100(诸如射孔枪组合件)的硬件的装载程序期间(其中附接至闷头组合件10的电缆的扭曲(通常卷曲或焊接)将另外导致电缆连接意外折断)，绕其本身的轴枢转或将可绕其本身的轴枢转的这种能力可能非常有用。本文中描述的枢转功能允许电接触组件20的至少部分枢转而不在电缆中积累张力至折断点。此外，偏置构件50也可补偿射孔枪组合件100中的不利公差叠加。
如本文中所示，接触针21的轴A-A与主体12的轴A-A重合。此外，接触针21能够在箭头B所示的方向上向后以及向前滑动，并且这种移动受偏置构件50限制。在实践中，接触针能够移进以及移出主体，同时由于端部孔17a的较小内径和偏置构件50在构件50推压中央部分40时的可压缩性而被限制不离开主体12。预期第一端部13和第二端部14的每个的厚度被充分确定大小来止挡或保持接触针21的至少一部分且在一个实施方案中将针头26止挡或保持在中间部分孔17c内。替代地，可将电接触组件20的组件的每个固定或另外附接(而非邻接)在一起(未示出)。换句话说，在电接触组件20的一个末端上，第一接触针24可附接至第一偏置构件51，所述第一偏置构件51附接至中央部分40，而在组件的另一末端上，第二接触针25可附接至第二偏置构件52，所述第二偏置构件52附接至中央部分40。以此方式，可能无需提供第一端部13和第二端部14以将组合件保持在主体12内。
在一个实施方案中，与主体12的第二末端14相比，闷头组合件10能够在主体12的第一端部13上维持较高压力，如例如在图5中的一个实施方案中描绘。在本实施方案中，闷头组合件10定位在井下工具100(在本实例中射孔枪组合件)内。上文提及的闷头组合件10的任何和所有特征可用于包括闷头组合件10的井下工具100中。
本文中仅描绘井下工具100的一部分，包括串联式密封接头或串联式短节150，其中闷头组合件10被示为组装在射孔枪组合件100内。在一个实施方案中，闷头组合件10被构造成定位在串联式密封接头150内。串联式短节150被构造来使用各种密封构件将射孔枪外壳内的内部组件与外部环境隔离。串联式密封接头150将相邻射孔枪组合件(未示出)彼此隔离，并且容纳闷头组合件10。如本文中所示，有线电连接170经由第一接触针24(未示出)连接至闷头组合件10的电接触组件20的第一末端22。绝缘体172覆盖第一接触针24并且在一个实施方案中在有线电连接170的连接电线上方提供涂层或绝缘构件，通常使用热收缩。
在一个实施方案中，并且如图4和图5中具体所示，闷头组合件10作用以经由电接触组件20延迟至起爆器140(诸如雷管或点火器)的电信号。尤其且如图5中所示，第二接触针25接触弹簧加载电触点，所述弹簧加载电触点连接至起爆器140(未示出)。在一个实施方案中并且如本文中所示，第一接触针24(见例如图2并且由图5中的绝缘体172覆盖)被构造成连接至有线电连接170，且第二接触针25被构造成无线电接触电触点(诸如雷管电接触组件142)以传输电信号。在进一步实施方案中，第二接触针25被构造成无线电接触起爆器140的电触点。
在一个实施方案中，闷头组合件10提供结合无线连接使用的改进设备，即无需将外部电线附接、卷曲、切割或另外实体以及手动连接至组件。而是，可通过简单邻接例如可电接触组件而无线地制作一个或多个连接。为清楚起见，术语“无线”并非指WiFi连接，而是指能够通过电组件在未将外部电线连接至组件的情况下传输电信号。
在一个实施方案中，提供闷头组合件10，其能够以最小努力放置至井下工具100中。具体地，闷头组合件10被构造以用在井下工具100中并且可与起爆器140或其它井下装置可电接触地形成电连接以例如在无需如在有线电连接中需要的手动以及实体连接、切割或卷曲电线的情况下传输电信号。
所图示的组件和方法不限于本文中描述的具体实施方案，而是被图示或描述为一个实施方案的部分的特征可用在其它实施方案上或结合其它实施方案使用以产生更进一步实施方案。这些修改和变动旨在被包括在内。此外，方法中描述的步骤可独立于以及单独于本文中描述的其它步骤利用。
虽然已参考优选实施方案描述设备和方法，但是本领域技术人员将了解可进行各种修改，且等效物可替代其元件而不脱离范围。此外，可进行许多修改以使特定情况或材料适于教示而不脱离其实质范围。为简单和清楚起见并且在无需重复所有这些特征的情况下，将了解有关本文中详细描述的一个实施方案的任何特征也可存在于替代实施方案中。作为一个实例，本领域一般技术人员将了解，如果一个实施方案的电接触组件20被描述为由导电材料形成，那么替代实施方案中描述的电接触组件20也由导电材料形成，而无需重复所有这些特征。
在本说明书和下文权利要求中，将提及具有下列含义的若干术语。单数形式的“一个”和“所述”包括多个参考物，除非上下文另有明确规定。此外，提及“一个实施方案”不旨在被解释为排除也并入所述特征的额外实施方案的存在。诸如“第一”、“第二”等的术语用于区分一个元件与另一个元件，并且除非另有规定，否则不意在指特定顺序或数量的元件。
如本文中使用，术语“可”和“可为”指示在一组情况内发生的可能性；拥有指定性质、特性或功能；和/或通过表达与限定动词相关的一个或多个能力、性能或可能而限定另一个动词。相应地，“可”和“可为”的使用指示修饰术语明显合适、能够或适合指定能力、功能或用途，同时考虑在一些情况下修饰术语有时可能并非合适、能够或适合。例如，在一些情况下，可期望一个事件或能力，而在其它情况下，所述事件或能力不会发生——这种区别通过术语“可”和“可为”获得。
如权利要求中使用，词“包括”和它的语法变型也在逻辑上对向并且包括变化和不同范围的短语，诸如例如但不限于“大体上由……组成”和“由……组成”。
科学和技术的进步可使目前由于语言的不精确而未被预期的等效物和替代物变得可能；这些变化应被随附权利要求覆盖。这个书面描述使用实例(包括最佳模式)并且也使本领域一般技术人员能够实践(包括制作和使用)任何装置和系统并且执行任何所并入的方法。可申请专利范围由权利要求限定，并且可包括本领域一般技术人员想到的其它实例。这些其它实例旨在属于权利要求的范围内，前提是它们具有与权利要求的字面语言相同的结构元件或前提是它们包括与权利要求的书面语言无实质差异的等效结构元件。
Claims (18)
1.一种闷头组合件，其包括：
主体，其具有第一端部和第二端部以及在两者间延伸的孔，所述主体被构造用于密封定位在井下工具内的所述闷头组合件下游的组件并且承受至少约20,000psi(137.9mPa)的压力；和
电接触组件，其延伸穿过所述主体的所述孔，使得所述电接触组件的至少一部分被构造成绕其本身的轴枢转，其中所述电接触组件被构造用于导电和电信号的馈通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的闷头组合件，其中所述电接触组件包括一个或多个接触针、电线连接或其组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的闷头组合件，其中所述电接触组件包括多个接触针，其中所述接触针的至少一个可滑动地定位在所述主体的所述孔内。
4.根据权利要求3所述的闷头组合件，其中所述电接触组件还包括定位在所述主体的所述孔内的中央部分，和邻接所述中央部分的多个偏置构件，且此外其中所述偏置构件的每个邻接所述接触针的至少一个。
5.根据权利要求4所述的闷头组合件，其中所述多个偏置构件包括第一偏置构件和第二偏置构件，且此外其中所述第一偏置构件定位在所述主体的第一主体部分的所述孔内，且所述第二偏置构件定位在所述主体的第二主体部分的所述孔内。
6.根据权利要求5所述的闷头组合件，其中所述多个接触针包括第一接触针和第二接触针，其中所述第一接触针邻接所述第一偏置构件，且所述第二接触针邻接所述第二偏置构件。
7.根据权利要求6所述的闷头组合件，其中所述第一接触针和所述第二接触针的至少一个分别刚性连接至所述第一偏置构件和所述第二偏置构件。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的闷头组合件，其中所述第一接触针被构造成连接至有线电连接，且所述第二接触针被构造成无线电接触电触点。
9.根据权利要求6或7所述的闷头组合件，其中所述第一接触针被构造成连接至有线电连接，且所述第二接触针被构造成无线电接触起爆器的电触点。
10.根据权利要求5至9中任一项所述的闷头组合件，其中所述孔包括延伸穿过所述第一主体部分和所述第二主体部分的每个的端部孔，其中所述端部孔具有比中间部分孔小的半径。
11.根据先前权利要求中任一项所述的闷头组合件，其中所述多个接触针的每个包括针体和从所述针体延伸的针头。
12.根据权利要求10所述的闷头组合件，其中所述多个接触针的每个包括针体和从所述针体延伸的针头，且所述针头的外径被确定大小以可滑动地收纳在所述主体的所述孔的所述中间部分孔内。
13.一种井下工具，其包括：
串联式密封接头；和
闷头组合件，其被构造成定位在所述串联式密封接头内并且用于密封定位在所述井下工具内的所述闷头组合件下游的组件并且承受至少约20,000psi(137.9mPa)的压力；所述闷头组合件包括：
主体，其具有第一端部和第二端部以及在两者间延伸的孔，和
电接触组件，其延伸穿过所述主体，使得所述电接触组件的至少一部分被构造成绕其本身的轴枢转，其中所述电接触组件被构造用于导电和电信号的馈通。
14.根据权利要求13所述的井下工具，其中所述闷头组合件的所述电接触组件包括多个接触针，且所述接触针的至少一个可滑动地定位在所述主体的所述孔内。
15.根据权利要求14所述的井下工具，其中所述闷头组合件还包括中心定位在所述主体的所述孔内的中央部分，和邻接所述中央部分的多个偏置构件，其中所述多个偏置构件包括定位在所述主体的第一主体部分的所述孔内的第一偏置构件和定位在所述主体的第二主体部分的所述孔内的第二偏置构件，且其中所述多个接触针包括邻接所述第一偏置构件的与所述中央部分相对的末端的第一接触针和邻接所述第二偏置构件的与所述中央部分相对的末端的第二接触针。
16.根据权利要求15所述的井下工具，其中所述第一接触针被构造成连接至有线电连接，且所述第二接触针被构造成无线电接触起爆器的电触点。
17.根据权利要求15或16所述的井下工具，其中所述孔包括延伸穿过所述第一主体部分和所述第二主体部分的每个的端部孔，其中所述端部孔具有比中间部分孔小的半径。
18.根据权利要求17所述的井下工具，其中所述多个接触针的每个包括针体和从所述针体延伸的针头，且所述针头的外径被确定大小以可滑动地收纳在所述针体的所述孔的所述中间部分孔内。
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| CN112292509A (zh) * | 2018-06-11 | 2021-01-29 | 德力能欧洲有限公司 | 射孔枪用的传导引爆索 |
| CN114753809A (zh) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-07-15 | 大庆华翰邦石油科技有限公司 | 页岩储层高压自定向分簇射孔器 |
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| US10982941B2 (en) | 2021-04-20 |
| CA3015102A1 (en) | 2016-09-18 |
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| RU2019137475A3 (zh) | 2021-05-21 |
| US20190293398A1 (en) | 2019-09-26 |
| CA3015102C (en) | 2023-10-03 |
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| US10365078B2 (en) | 2019-07-30 |
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| US20180372466A1 (en) | 2018-12-27 |
| CN105986787B (zh) | 2020-04-21 |
| US10352674B2 (en) | 2019-07-16 |
| US20170268860A1 (en) | 2017-09-21 |
| RU2016109329A (ru) | 2017-09-21 |
| US10066921B2 (en) | 2018-09-04 |
| CA2923860A1 (en) | 2016-09-18 |
| US9784549B2 (en) | 2017-10-10 |
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