CN105980130A - 由挤压热塑性杆形成密封元件的方法 - Google Patents

由挤压热塑性杆形成密封元件的方法 Download PDF

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CN105980130A
CN105980130A CN201580007670.9A CN201580007670A CN105980130A CN 105980130 A CN105980130 A CN 105980130A CN 201580007670 A CN201580007670 A CN 201580007670A CN 105980130 A CN105980130 A CN 105980130A
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thermoplastic
potted component
face
rotary body
extrusion
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CN105980130B (zh
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埃里克·巴拉比诺
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Single Buoy Moorings Inc
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    • B29C53/08—Bending or folding of tubes or other profiled members
    • B29C53/083—Bending or folding of tubes or other profiled members bending longitudinally, i.e. modifying the curvature of the tube axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
    • B29B13/10—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by grinding, e.g. by triturating; by sieving; by filtering
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Abstract

由挤压热塑性杆(1)形成密封元件的方法，包括以下步骤：将一个或多个挤压热塑性杆机械加工成期望形状，其中每个挤压热塑性杆均具有第一端部和第二端部(5、6)；使经机械加工的一个或多个热塑性杆在环境温度下弯曲成圆形结构，同时保持该一个或多个热塑性杆中的应力在屈服点之下；使热塑性杆的第一端面和第二端面(2、3)接合以形成密封元件。本发明还涉及用于更换和修理旋转体的密封元件的方法。

Description

由挤压热塑性杆形成密封元件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及由挤压热塑性杆形成密封元件的方法。本发明还涉及更换和修理旋转体的密封元件的方法。
背景技术
为了适应大型设备内应用的严格要求，提供可靠且耐用的大型密封方案在多种工业中变得至关重要。例如，在近海工业中，尤其是针对高性能密封系统而言，钻入更深的水中带来了诸多技术挑战，这些技术挑战既与设备有关又与操作有关。密封系统应当能够结合深水环境的压力、载荷和/或温度适应近海设备的大尺寸。对于深水应用，近海工业中的密封系统应能够抵抗高压，例如总计高达500巴的压力。密封件的直径可在例如20厘米与几米之间变化。
大型设备通常需要仅利用局部拆卸便可进行原位维修的密封系统。针对该需求，需要定制的密封方案来缓解。
例如，US2010/0116422Al中描述形成大直径热塑性密封件的方法。US2010/0116422Al公开以下步骤：加热挤压杆；使经加热的挤压杆弯曲；接合挤压杆的端部以形成半成品环；以及对半成品环进行退火。半成品环可被机械加工或进一步处理以形成密封环、支承环或其它密封装置。在示例中，接合挤压杆的端部包括：通过使多个端部熔融并且将这些端部压在一起来焊接挤压杆的端部。具体地，加热挤压杆包括将杆加热至比玻璃化转变温度更高的温度。对于大部分的热塑性材料，该温度大于120℃并且需要将会安装并调整成挤压杆的尺寸的专用加热装置。另外，为了获得成品密封件，通过加热挤压杆的端部、使挤压杆的端部弯曲以及接合该端部而形成的半成品环需要进一步进行机械加工。该方法可能被视为相当复杂而且该方法不允许原位形成密封元件，其中密封元件在近海工业中所使用的诸多密封系统中是值得考虑的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供用于形成热塑性密封件的改进方法，本方法减缓了现有技术中已知的方法的缺点和局限性。
为此，由挤压热塑性杆形成密封件的方法的特征在于：将经机械加工的一个或多个热塑性杆在环境温度下弯曲成环形结构，同时保持该一个或多个热塑性杆中的应力在屈服点之下；以及使弯曲的热塑性杆的第一端面和第二端面接合以形成闭合的环形密封元件。
发明人注意到，根据本发明的方法易于设置并且不需要使用复杂、笨重和/或昂贵的设备。本方法还允许形成具有期望的稳定机械性能以及随之具有均匀的材料压力平衡的密封元件。形成密封元件的热塑性杆可通过挤压而获得技术上实际可行的任何长度。所获得的密封元件可由一个热塑性杆或多个热塑性杆接合而成，并且任何技术上可行的直径均是可能的，而不必实质上改变用于实施根据本发明的方法的基本设置。因此，根据本发明的方法不需要定制制造密封件，这是因为在任何时候热塑性杆的备用件都应当可用并且可形成为任何期望尺寸的密封元件。由于密封元件可在原位由经机械加工的热塑性杆形成，所以与笨重密封元件的运输相比极大地简化了运输，其中笨重密封元件并非原位形成并且需要专门的包装和运输，且该缺点在近海工业中尤其明显。热塑性备用件的现场备用件还明显缩短了更换密封元件所需的时间以及减少了使用密封元件的设备的停机时间。
热塑性杆可使用技术人员认为适合的任何挤压过程来进行挤压。已知本领域中用于随后将热塑性杆机械加工成期望形状的一些机械加工过程。一些最普遍的机械加工过程有：磨削-用于以较高的准确度和精密度去除大量热塑性塑料；以及车削-通常用于制造圆形形状。技术人员将选择适当的过程来获得期望形状。
使经机械加工的热塑性杆在环境温度下弯曲成环形结构，同时保持该一个或多个热塑性杆中的应力在屈服点之下。热塑性杆的屈服点定义成在该处杆由于其弯曲热塑性开始弹性变形的应用。在屈服点之前，杆将弹性变形并且当将施加的应力移除时将恢复至其原始形状。一旦超过屈服点，一部分变形将是永久性的并且不可逆转。也就是说，屈服点是应力-应变曲线中曲线变平并且开始出现弹性形变的点。如本文所使用，术语“环境”温度是指大体与杆周围环境对应的杆的温度，这些温度通常处于从10℃至40℃的范围中，更具体地处于从15℃至25℃的范围中。
杆的热塑性材料可例如包括聚合物，诸如聚酮、芳族聚酰胺、热塑性聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚苯硫、聚醚砜、聚砜、聚亚苯基砜、聚酰胺亚胺、超高分子量聚乙烯、热塑性含氟聚合物、聚酰胺、聚苯并咪唑、液晶聚合物或其任意组合。在示例中，热塑性材料包括聚酮、芳族聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酰胺亚胺、聚苯硫、聚亚苯基砜、含氟聚合物、聚苯并咪唑、其衍生物或其组合。在具体示例中，热塑性材料包括聚合物，诸如聚酮、热塑性聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚苯硫、聚醚砜、聚砜、聚酰胺亚胺、其衍生物或其组合。在进一步的示例中，热塑性材料包括聚酮，诸如聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚醚酮、聚醚酮酮、聚醚酮醚酮酮、其衍生物或其组合。示例性热塑性含氟聚合物包括：氟化乙丙烯(FEP)；聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)；聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)；全氟烷氧基(PFA)；四氟乙烯、六氟丙烯和偏二氟乙烯的三元共聚物(THV)；聚氯三氟乙烯(PCTFE)；乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物(ETFE)、乙烯三氟氯乙烯共聚物(ECTFE)；或其组合。示例性液晶聚合物包括芳香族聚酯聚合物，诸如在商标名XYDAR(R)(Amoco)、VECTRA(R)(Hoechst Celanese)、SUMIKOSUPER(TM)或EKONOL(TM)(Sumitomo Chemical)、DuPont HX(TM)或DuPont ZENITE(TM)(E.I.DuPont de Nemours)、RODRUN(TM)(Unitika)、GRANLAR(TM)(Grandmont)下可得的芳香族聚酯聚合物，或其组合。在其他示例中，热塑性聚合物可以是超高分子量聚乙烯。
杆的热塑性材料还可包括填充剂，诸如固体润滑剂、陶瓷填充剂或矿物填充剂、聚合物填充剂、纤维填充剂、金属微粒填充剂或盐或其任意组合。示例性固体润滑剂包括聚四氟乙烯、二硫化钼、二硫化钨、石墨、石墨烯、膨胀石墨、氮化硼、滑石、氟化钙、氟化铈或其任意组合。示例性陶瓷或矿物包括氧化铝、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、氟化钙、氮化硼、云母、硅灰石、碳化硅、氮化硅、氧化锆、碳黑、颜料或其任意组合。示例性聚合物填充剂包括聚酰亚胺、诸如Ekonol(R)聚酯的液晶聚合物、聚苯并咪唑、聚四氟乙烯、以上所列的热塑性聚合物中的任一个、或其组合。示例性纤维包括尼龙纤维、玻璃纤维、碳纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、聚四氟乙烯纤维、玄武岩纤维、石墨纤维、陶瓷纤维或其组合。示例性金属包括青铜、铜(copper)、不锈钢或其任意组合。示例性盐包括硫酸盐、硫化物、磷酸盐或其任一组合。
杆可例如由挤压的复合材料形成。例如，复合材料可由热塑性材料基质或填充剂形成。在具体示例中，填充剂是固体润滑剂。在另一示例中，填充剂包括含氟聚合物。在进一步的示例中，填充剂包括固体润滑剂和含氟聚合物的组合。在实施方式中，复合材料包括诸如PEEK的聚酮基质，并且包括固体润滑剂填充剂。在另一示例性实施方式中，复合材料包括诸如PEEK的聚酮基质，并且包括可选自石墨、碳黑、碳纤维或其任意组合的碳填充剂。
使用诸如焊接或红外加热的本领域中已知的任何技术来使弯曲的热塑性杆的第一端面和第二端面接合以形成闭合的环形密封元件。从WO99/37467得知焊接由热塑性材料制成的杆状结构的方法，其中WO99/37467通过引用并入本文。
根据本发明的实施方式，本方法的特征在于，环境温度至少为10℃。
与杆在被加热成超过诸如100℃的玻璃化转变温度时弯曲的已知方法相反，在根据本发明的方法中，杆不置于经加热的形成表面上，而是在被自由支撑时在环境温度下弯曲成其弯曲形状。
根据本发明的实施方式，本方法的特征在于，密封元件的直径至少为1米，并且截面宽度至少为4毫米。
密封元件的截面形状可以是任何几何结构和尺寸，只要剖面的径向尺寸允许在弯曲期间保持弹性状态。
根据本发明的实施方式，本方法的特征在于，通过例如一步磨削或多步磨削的磨削来对一个或多个挤压热塑性杆进行机械加工。
使预先经机械加工的杆互相连接能实现对完成的成品密封元件进行焊接，对于完成的成品密封元件，除磨光结合毛边之外不再需要额外的机械加工。
根据本发明的实施方式，本方法的特征在于，第一端面和第二端面通过焊接接合。
第一端面和第二端面可例如通过红外加热接合。
根据本发明的实施方式，热塑性材料包括氟。
根据本发明的实施方式，热塑性材料包括PEEK。
根据本发明的实施方式，密封元件具有统一剖面。
密封元件具有统一剖面允许连续组装大量的杆以制造具有任何期望直径的部件。对于直径较小的密封元件，最小尺寸由所使用的材料的弹性限度和剖面尺寸确定。
密封元件可以是用于高压旋转体的密封环或用于高压旋转体的支承环。
本发明还涉及更换或修理旋转体的密封元件的方法，旋转体具有内环形壁和外环形壁，内环形壁和外环形壁在两者之间限定环形腔室，内壁和外壁之间定位有至少一个环形密封元件并且该环形密封元件位于旋转体凹槽中，该密封元件包括热塑性材料的环形结构，本方法包括以下步骤：使内环形壁或外环形壁相对于相邻的壁在轴向方向上移位；通过打开密封元件的环形结构将无用密封元件从旋转体凹槽移除；以及将无用密封元件更换为有用密封元件，其特征在于，有用密封元件根据本发明的上述方法来形成。
根据本发明的实施方式，用于更换或修理旋转体的密封元件的方法的特征在于：使经机械加工的热塑性杆弯曲至选择性地切削成一定长度的旋转体凹槽中；随后使弯曲的热塑性杆的第一端面和第二端面接合以形成闭合的环形密封元件。
有利的实施方式附加地由从属权利要求限定。
附图说明
将参照附图详细描述本发明。所述附图仅是示意性的而非限制性的。在附图中，出于说明的目的，一些元件的尺寸可能被放大且可能未按比例绘制。在附图中：
图1示出具有U形剖面的经机械加工的挤压的热塑性杆的立体图；
图2示出图1的杆的剖视图；
图3示出通过使图1的杆弯曲以及接合端面而形成环形密封元件的焊接过程；
图4示出通过使图1的杆围绕圆柱壁弯曲而实现的焊接过程；
图5示出具有轴向移位的内环形壁和外环形壁的旋转体；以及
图6示意性示出由诸多长型杆形成环形密封件的方法。
图1示出长度L在20厘米与20米之间的、诸如由例如PEEK的热塑性材料制成的长型杆1。杆1被挤压并机械加工成具有图2所示的U形剖面。剖面宽度W可处于从4毫米到100毫米的范围中。杆1具有定向成与杆的纵向侧部4大体垂直的平坦端面2、3。
如图3所示，杆1通过将端部5、6夹持到定位装置9的夹持构件7、8中而形成为环形密封元件。定位装置9具有两个臂12、13，臂12、13具有伸缩部件14、15。当杆1处于其水平平直状态时，臂12、13绕中心铰链17枢转以基本上在如由虚线所示的沿直径相对的方向上延伸。当臂12、13的伸缩部件处于其延伸位置时，夹持构件7、8以夹持的方式接合在杆1的端部部分18，19上。之后，臂12、13则绕中心铰链17旋转直到端面2、3挤压在一起。环形加热元件20，例如WO 99/37467中所描述的这类环形加热元件，包围以均匀方式受热的邻接端面2、3，同时臂使端面上的压力保持在300℃与400℃之间的温度下低于0.5Nmm-2，其中WO 99/37467通过引用并入本文。杆1在其平直定向上的最小长度由材料和剖面尺寸W确定。
加热元件20具有环形形状并且包括两个部分，该两个部分铰接地连接或者可拆卸，以围绕圆形杆的闭合轮廓进行安装以及对于均匀加热应用而言环绕焊接区。
图4示出杆32抵靠圆柱引导元件33的外表面弯曲的实施方式，圆柱引导元件33可由近海船舶上的高压旋转体的中央环形成。焊接设备25包括夹持构件26、27，当杆32处于其环形配置时，夹持构件26、27可通过位于杆32的外周界处的致动器28挤压在一起。
图5示出具有内环形壁41和外环形壁42的高压旋转体40，内环形壁41和外环形壁42通过液压缸43、44在轴向方向上移位。在旋转体的工作状态中，壁41、42限定环形腔室45，环形腔室45由位于凹槽48、49中的环形密封件46、47密封。碳氢化合物经由从水下井延伸至管道50、52并且连接至旋转体的内壁41的立管(riser)供应至腔室45，其中管道50、52延伸通过旋转体40的中央部分。旋转体可以是几对环形壁的堆叠件的一部分。碳氢化合物通过连接至外壁42的管道51供应至船舶上的加工设备。
当例如密封件47出现缺陷时，壁41、42通过汽缸43、44轴向移开。于是，密封件47可被剪切并且经过在旋转体的中央空间中延伸的管道50从旋转体移除。在外壁42下降和/或内壁41上升之后的情况下，可使新的平直热塑性杆绕内壁41弯曲，并且可通过按上述方式进行焊接来接合端面，从而以液密的方式形成腔室45。
图6示意性示出，由较短的平直杆56、57构成的一批平直杆55可互相连接以形成由多个轻微弯曲的杆组成的环形密封件58。可仅在旋转体密封件被更换掉之前不久，近海原位地形成密封元件58，并且可对杆56、57的接合部进行机械加工以从接合区移除多余的材料。

Claims (13)

1.由挤压热塑性杆形成密封元件(46、47、58)的方法，包括以下步骤：
-将一个或多个挤压热塑性杆(1、56、57)机械加工成期望形状，每个所述挤压热塑性杆(1、56、57)分别具有包括第一端面和第二端面(2、3)的第一端部和第二端部；
其特征在于，所述方法还包括以下步骤：使经机械加工的所述一个或多个挤压热塑性杆(1、56、57)在环境温度下弯曲成环形结构，同时保持所述一个或多个挤压热塑性杆中的应力在屈服点之下；以及将弯曲的所述至少一个热塑性杆(1)的第一端面和第二端面(2、3)接合，以形成封闭的所述环形密封元件(46、47、58)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述环境温度至少为10℃。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述环形密封元件(46、47、58)的直径至少为1米，所述环形密封元件(46、47、58)的剖面宽度(W)至少为4毫米。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，通过一步磨削或多步磨削对所述一个或多个挤压热塑性杆(1、56、57)进行机械加工。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一端面和所述第二端面(2、3)通过焊接来接合。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一端面和所述第二端面(2、3)通过红外加热或热炉加热来接合。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述热塑性材料包括氟。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述热塑性材料包括PEEK或相关材料。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述密封元件(46、47、58)具有统一剖面。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述密封元件(46、47、58)形成用于高压旋转体(40)的密封环。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述密封元件形成用于高压旋转体(40)的支承环。
12.更换或修理旋转体(40)的密封元件(46、47)的方法，所述旋转体(40)具有内环形壁和外环形壁(41，42)，所述内环形壁和所述外环形壁(41，42)之间限定出环形腔室，所述内壁和所述外壁之间定位有至少一个环形密封元件(46、47)且所述环形密封元件(46、47)位于旋转体凹槽(48、49)中，所述密封元件包括热塑性材料的环形结构，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-使所述内环形壁或所述外环形壁(41、42)相对于所述内环形壁或所述外环形壁的相邻壁在轴向方向上移位，
-通过打开所述密封元件的环形结构将无用密封元件从所述旋转体凹槽(48、49)移除，以及
-将所述无用密封元件更换为有用密封元件(46、47、58)，
其特征在于，所述有用密封元件根据前述权利要求中任一项来形成。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，使经机械加工的所述挤压热塑性杆弯曲到选择性地切削成一定长度的旋转体凹槽(48、49)中，随后使弯曲的所述至少一个挤压热塑性杆的第一端面和第二端面(2、3)接合以形成闭合的所述环形密封元件。
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CN109605792A (zh) * 2018-11-02 2019-04-12 浙江国泰萧星密封材料股份有限公司 低逸散大直径改性四氟垫的制备方法

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FR3137866A1 (fr) 2022-07-12 2024-01-19 Eti Group Procédé de fabrication par soudage d’un organe d’étanchéité dynamique, configuré pour équiper un dispositif joint tournant d’une installation d’exploitation de fluides, notamment sur une plateforme offshore

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KR20160117490A (ko) 2016-10-10
EP3102385A1 (en) 2016-12-14
US10081128B2 (en) 2018-09-25
KR102296414B1 (ko) 2021-09-02
US20160346990A1 (en) 2016-12-01
EP3102385B1 (en) 2020-09-09
WO2015118104A1 (en) 2015-08-13
BR112016018006B1 (pt) 2021-06-22

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