CN105970049B - A kind of aluminum alloy materials and its high-pressure casting method substituting QT500 crampons - Google Patents
A kind of aluminum alloy materials and its high-pressure casting method substituting QT500 crampons Download PDFInfo
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- CN105970049B CN105970049B CN201610494663.2A CN201610494663A CN105970049B CN 105970049 B CN105970049 B CN 105970049B CN 201610494663 A CN201610494663 A CN 201610494663A CN 105970049 B CN105970049 B CN 105970049B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 crampons, it is characterised in that：Principal component content is by weight percentage：Beryllium Be:0.01%~0.02%, manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases are to total amount 1% × 10‑4~2.0%, surplus is aluminium Al.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminum alloy materials and preparation method thereof substituting QT500 crampons.
Background technology
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron (abbreviation magnesium iron) is one of the material of the main utilization in lifting industry, traces it to its cause and is that magnesium iron
Low price, stabilization mechanical property and physical index.
This mechanical performance index and its criteria for classification of magnesium iron can be used as aluminum alloy materials innovative design, raising property
Can to mark basis；Low-carbon, intensive, high efficiency (high-effect), flexibility are pursued in current market, are manufacturing industry from traditional shape
The mark that state is crossed over to high-end form.
In order to give full play to aluminium alloy with " light " the serial advantageous characteristic for representative, it is necessary to it first be made to have in terms of " strong "
Tremendous development, while cannot have unacceptable manufacturing cost increment, it could be expanded significantly uses field.This requires necessary
It makes a breakthrough first in Al-alloy material design.
It is examined closely from the method for material preparation, since material characteristics are combined by carry the microcosmic object of functionality of this feature
It contributes, therefore the good functional object of acquisition is combined, such as high intensity, high-melting-point, high-ductility, high rigidity, corrosion resistant
Erosion etc. is the final result that various preparation methods are pursued.It is formulated the mixed smelting and casting crystalline of element, is that fusion casting forms material
The major contributing link of material phase molecule composite structure, in fusion-casting process, the intermetallic of solid solution crystal grain and crystal boundary
Object molecule object mutually determines the crystalline state combination (submicron particles of alloy:10~300 μm or so of scale), subsequent heat treatment or
Flow harden is then to fine structure (micron particles under crystalline state group frame:1~30 μm or so of scale) so it is more microcosmic
Precise and tiny structure (Subnano-class or sub-micron grade particle:1 μm of scale 10nm~＜) it is adjusted and perfect, this adjustment and complete
Kind degree and range, in known technology and traditional concept, it is believed that mainly by the alloy phase diagram area residing for alloy composition
The given combined decision of object in domain, still, alloy phase diagram do not provide the addition of other trace elements and exclude the influence generated,
With less the directiveness for prediction addition and excluding other trace elements and mutually being influenced on object.Use for reference alloy solution chemistry theory and
Method improve melt structure, such as protective film covering, the addition of slag former, refining agent or alterant, degasification slag removal and purification etc.,
Be improve the combination of alloy crystalline state, fine structure or even more microcosmic precise and tiny structure important technical, but these means, by
Then grope accumulation during prepare alloy to get, thus be often considered as " preparation process " rather than " composition design "
A part.
It is saturating by the spherical aberration correction scanning for being up to the very high resolution of 0.08nm to aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy
The precise and tiny constituency analysis of electron microscope (STEM) is penetrated, various phase structures, the Atomic Resolution established on an atomic scale are obtained
It is distributed with chemical element.Confirm wherein there are a series of hardening constituents, including well-known Al-Cu binary metastable phase (areas GP,
θ ＂, θ ＇), new disc phase and balance phase θ (Al2Cu)；Wherein inside matrix grain, a kind of forked (the T+ θ H) group of stick of new discovery
Phase is closed, the trunk portion T-phase of the combination phase is Al-Cu-Mn ternary phases, molecular structural formula Al20Cu2Mn3, molecule phase character
It is diameter about 100nm, length about 600~1000nm in mandrel shape and its (010) face and alloy matrix aluminum { 010 } face coherence,；
And the apposition growth secondary phase of Al-Cu binary of size larger (thickness about 20nm, being about 50nm) around T-phase, since this is secondary
Mutually compared with other Al-Cu metastable phases in matrix (areas GP, θ ＂, θ ＇ or other disc phases), there is very big difference in structure, it is special
It is not that thickness is much thicker than other Al-Cu metastable phases, therefore the present invention is referred to as θ H phases, (x may by molecular structural formula AlxCu
Less than 2), being a kind of richness Cu molecules.
On engineer application, the size and state of aluminum alloy solution body crystal grain, and it is distributed in the intermetallic of crystal boundary
The size and form of object has conclusive influence to the mechanical property of alloy.Coarse plane crystalline substance, dendrite, column crystal etc. are no
Ordered crystal and the coarse brittle property intermetallic compound for being distributed in crystal boundary, can be the good fine structure of alloy and precise and tiny knot
Structure all balances out the obdurability contribution of matrix, because the law of development that these coarse grains are deferred to results from casting mold cavity
Type wall gives birth to core, from the unidirectionally extended growth pattern of export-oriented liquid internal, cause the component segregation of alloy, crystallization it is coarse it is unidirectional,
The non-uniform defect of macro property, to some common deficiencies as alloy, such as pin hole, stomata, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, thick
The root of big solid solution, high hardness compound, crackle etc..The means of the routine rotten means and crystal grain thinning that use at present, such as
Add aluminium titanium boron or Al-Ti-C master alloy, best effect can only make mean grain size refine to 120~150 microns, and branch
The often not basic transformation of brilliant form, this is the important bottleneck problem that alloy mechanical property improves.Because being closed to aluminium
For gold, the approach that intensity and toughness improve simultaneously, the only refinement of crystal grain and rounding are obtained；The adjustment of heat treatment process,
In the state that crystalline structure has determined, intensity or toughness can only be made to be optimized on one side.Therefore, how further thin
Change the mean grain size with rounding alloy, is the target that industrial circle is pursued always.
According to alloy strengthening theory, the intensity of alloy is that material median surface or dislocation movement by slip are generated by the obstruction of particle
, obstruction is stronger, and the intensity of material is also bigger.And particle hinders the knot that behavior interacts with material median surface or dislocation movement by slip
Fruit, there are two types of：One is when particle strong hardness itself is not high enough, dislocation will cut through particle and continue to slide, and another kind is particle
Intensity is very high, and dislocation can not be cut through, then can only continue to slide around particle, and a circle dislocation ring is left around particle.
The size that two kinds of results contribute the strength of materials is obvious：Particle is cut through to the strength of materials around particle ratio
Contribution it is big；It cuts through particle and is capable of providing the preferable elongation percentage of material, and will be carried due to the humidification of dislocation ring around particle
For the higher yield strength of material and tensile strength.
Existing aluminum alloy materials are aluminium silicon systems and aluminum bronze system mostly, aluminium silicon systems (Al-Si) good moldability but intensity, hardness
It is relatively low, be unable to reach the mechanical property of ductile iron material (QT500), suspension hook can only 2 tons of weights below of load-bearing, crane capacity by
Limit；And aluminum bronze system (Al-Cu) intensity can reach very high, but very unstable and casting formability is very poor, and yield rate is low to be caused to make
Cause this increase.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to：A kind of aluminum alloy materials and its system substituting QT500 crampons are provided
Preparation Method, wherein addition Lewis Acids and Bases pair make alloy obtain before curing effectively to expedite the emergence of critical nucleus (obtaining equiax crystal)
The combined structure of molecule object ((T+ θ H) combines phase) most preferably is obtained, promotes alloy crystalline state to optimize, enables aluminum alloy to base material realization
500MPa and higher strength grade, to reach the Al-alloy products that production substitutes QT500.
The technical scheme is that：
A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 crampons, principal component content is by weight percentage：Beryllium Be:
0.01%~0.02%, manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+
4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases are to total amount 1% × 10-4~2.0%, surplus is aluminium Al.
The alloy grain is equiax crystal.
120 microns of the alloy mean grain size ＜, sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase amount reaches >=1 in alloy grain
A/square micron.
The Lewis Acids and Bases are to for metal carbonyl complex, metal halogen close object made of metal and ligand binding, hydrogen closes
Object, transition dvielement, one kind in interior transition dvielement or more than one mixing.
Metal carbonyl complex made of the metal and ligand binding：Tungsten W (CO) is closed including six carbonyls6, ten carbonyls close two
Manganese Mn2(CO)10
The metal halogen closes object, including tri-chlorination copper CuCl3。
The Lewis Acids and Bases pair account for Al matrix weight percent, ranging from by element additive amount：Ca ＜ 0.2%, La ＜
0.15%, SnI4＜ 0.08%, CuCl3＜ 0.03%, W (CO)6＜ 0.05%, Sn ＜ 0.2%.Zr ＜ 0.1%, Nd ＜
0.1%, SbH3＜ 0.1%, Mn2(CO)10＜ 0.03%.
A kind of preparation method for the aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 crampons, comprises the steps of：
(1) weight ratio is determined within the scope of, element ratio, selecting one group of substance combination in aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases, according to
The alloy total amount prepared is needed, the weight of each required material is extrapolated；
(2) aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid are added into smelting furnace, heat and is kept the temperature at 700 DEG C or more；
(3) beryllium Be is first added, after being completely melt, adds manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, stirs, selected lewis acid is added
Alkali stirs evenly combination；
(4) and then to above-mentioned alloy melt furnace refining is carried out；
(5) slagging-off, standing, sampling analysis alloy composition after refining adjust chemical composition according to analysis result and extremely advise
In fixed deviation range；To 650 DEG C or more, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove for temperature adjustment, online degasification, slagging-off；
(6) it casts：Using high-pressure casting
The high-pressure casting cast, steps are as follows：
1. high compression mod manufactures and designs, high-pressure casting machine debugging, mold installation；
2. alloy melt enters the preparation of holding furnace crucible；
3. carrying out preheating and sprayed coating to mold, mold cleaning preheats insert and clears up, and each section of mold is closed
Type；
4. alloy melt pours into hyperbaric chamber, high injection punch head advances, and melt injection is entered cavity；
5. pressurize, solidification and crystallization；Die sinking, core pulling pickup；
6. appearance quality detection：Rough casting should clean out smooth, non-processing face before carrying out presentation quality inspection
Dead head should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；
7. solution treatment：The blank that casting is completed to roughing and inside and outside quality testing is sent into solid solution furnace, carry out 560 DEG C with
Lower solution treatment quenches after the completion of heat preservation, uses water cooling at once；
8. ageing strengthening：The casting for completing solution treatment is sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening processing, at 230 DEG C or less
Ageing strengthening, after heat preservation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；
9. sampling analysis test verification；
10. practical performance is verified.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：It is pointed by lewis' theory of acids and bases, molecule solution can occur in aluminium alloy melt
Body or " acid-base pair " substance for contributing in time nano-area (range for being less than 1 nanometer) object phase molecule structure optimization, application
It is adjusted in the fine structure of melt nanoscale range, is the most important creative technological means of the present invention.
By using lewis' theory of acids and bases, make addition and exclusion to the trace element of carrying in relation to Lewis Acids and Bases,
Molecule disintegration and conversion occurs in aluminium alloy melt environment, is imitated with providing the abundant disturbance in the hyperfine microcell of melt and activating
It answers, reaches and expedite the emergence of critical nucleus and largely formed, so that alloy grain degree is further refined, form more rounding；Increase (T+ θ
H) content of the combination phase in alloy substrate is the mechanism problem for the alloy strengthening that the present invention solves.
Cation body and anion body have ordinary matter can not be real alloy grain refinement as Louis " acid-base pair "
Existing excellent effect, this is because：These gas ions can be stabilized as normal material molecule at normal temperatures, and in aluminium
Molecule occurs in high temperature acid or alkali environment as alloy melt to disintegrate, generates lewis acid and lewis base；Due to being molecule solution
Body, so being a kind of " the falling apart " of the atom composite structure of secondary nanometer range, ligand moiety is come out with gaseous exhaust, is released
The core metal ion come is then reselected in conjunction with other atoms.
This disintegration and reconstruct being happened in aluminium alloy melt, it is different from common substance dissolving, because：1. under high temperature
Decomposing the incipient bubble that the gaseous material discharged is formed, only there are one molecular size (being less than 1nm, i.e. secondary nanophase), specific surface areas
Maximum has the disturbance ability of extremely strong activity and nanometer range, is in the size range that crystallization critical nucleus is formed, thus
The states such as fluctuation of energy, rise and fall of structure and composition fluctuations of atom rise and fall all with extremely strong in melt superfinishing microcell caused by and
Characteristics of Mutation promotes neighbouring more polyatom across crystallization potential barrier, so a large amount of formation of critical nucleus are particularly conducive to, to gold
The catalysis of compound reaction of formation and alloy structure crystal grain refinement all produce good better than common alterant such as aluminium titanium boron between category
Effect；Positive and negative ion body this disturbance and activation effect in the superfinishing microcell of secondary nanometer range simultaneously is conventional additional purification
What the bubble (diameter is more than 0.5mm) that gas is formed cannot achieve；2. the metallic atom or cation that decompose release have than matching
The specific surface area of body smaller volume and bigger, it is stronger to the disturbance and activation effect of neighboring atom, caused by superfinishing microcell
State fluctuating is more notable, also stronger to intermetallic compound reaction of formation catalysis and alloy substrate tissue Grain Refinement Effect；
It, will not be as common gold 3. division and reconstruct of the acid-base pair in high-temperature fusant enhance dispersion and diffusion velocity of the particle in microcell
Belong to or additive causes clustering like that, and restrained effectively caused by additive alloying component segregation and bulky grain matter
Point aggregation and grow up, this can effectively solve conventional grain fining agent coarsening tendency in crystallization process, such as can prevent
The roughening of titanium Ti and rare-earth phase；4. secondary reaction can also occur for ligand bubble, purification gas is accompanied after a series of variations
Discharge melt (for example generate CO2、CH4、N2、NH3Or H2S) or enter slag (such as Al2O3、Al(HO)3Or Al4C3), it is this net
Change acts on, can be with most stable of solid-state or gaseous material, and the H dissolved in the melt and oxide impurity absorbs and decomposition,
To which its catharsis is more preferable than conventional gas purification mode effect.Here it is positive and negative ion bodies as Lewis Acids and Bases pair
Addition and exclusion, aluminium alloy melt environment occur molecule disintegrate, atom reconstruct in acid-base chemical conversion and superfinishing microcell, to provide
Abundant disturbance in melt superfinishing microcell and activation effect reach and expedite the emergence of critical nucleus largely generation and the inhibition long your writing of crystal grain
With, and realize the mechanism of more preferable clean-up effect.By this mechanism, matrix crystalline state is made generally to become equiax crystal, grain size
Averagely it is less than 120 μm, it is average at 50~100 μm that further effect of optimization can reach grain size.This effect is to use merely
What the conventional grains such as aluminium titanium boron and aluminium titanium carbon fining agent and the gas purification technique of routine cannot achieve.
Complicated ligand compound also cannot achieve alloy grain refinement as Lewis Acids and Bases pair with ordinary matter
Good result, because their molecular structure is similar with the structure of positive and negative ion body, the environment as aluminium alloy melt
Atom reconstruct, can also release gaseous state or liquid when molecule disintegrates in the middle disintegration that molecule occurs, acid-base chemical conversion and superfinishing microcell
The ligand of state accompanies purification gas discharge melt after series reaction and (for example generates CO2、CH4、N2、NH3Or H2S) or into
Enter slag (such as NaCl, KCl, Al (HO)3、Al2O3Or Al4C3), wherein the metallic atom or ion that discharge, non-metallic atom or
Ion is all the ultra-fine fine particle of secondary nanophase, there is maximum specific surface area, can provide fully disturbing in melt superfinishing microcell
Dynamic and activation effect reaches and expedites the emergence of critical nucleus and largely generate and crystal grain is inhibited to grow up the mechanism of effect.By this mechanism, make
Matrix crystalline state generally becomes equiax crystal, and grain size is averagely less than 120 μm, and it is flat that further effect of optimization can reach grain size
At 50~100 μm, this effect is the simple gas for using the conventional grains such as aluminium titanium boron and aluminium titanium carbon fining agent and routine
What purification techniques cannot achieve.
Six carbonyls close tungsten W (CO)6Two manganese Mn are closed with ten carbonyls2(CO)10Ligand secondary reaction occur generate CO2, process is a series of
Accompany purification gas after variation and be discharged melt, this catharsis can with most stable of gaseous state dissolving H in the melt and
Oxide impurity is absorbed and is decomposed, to which its catharsis is more preferable than conventional gas purification mode effect.Therefore, principal component is set
It is calculated as by weight percentage：Beryllium Be:0.01~0.02%, manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2~
8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05% Lewis Acids and Bases are to total amount 1% × 10-4~2.0%, surplus is aluminium Al.Beryllium Be elements are made
For the feature addition element of complex alloys, α, β dispersivity High-Temperature Strengthening phase are formed in the alloy, diffuses to bath surface, it is raw
At fine and close oxidation film, to reduce scaling loss and the pollution of alloy, and the corrosion stability of alloy is not damaged, can prevent alloying element
Oxidation, scaling loss, air-breathing, improve the metallurgical quality of alloy and the consistency of surface film oxide, impurity iron (Fe) can be made by needle-shaped
Become pellet shape, the recoil of aluminium alloy and mold when can also prevent from pouring into a mould；.
Since (T+ θ H) combines the discovery of phase, in aluminium alloy strengthening design, so that it may to combine phase by increase (T+ θ H),
The matrix strength for enabling aluminum alloy to material obtains big promotion, and stability is well controlled, this be the invention solves engineering
Application problem, i.e. alternate series ductile iron material and product.
In alloy melt, different metal atom or ion it is close, also will produce energy level splitting between them and heat occur
Chemical reaction (electronics transfer does not occur) and form the pattern of intermetallic compound, point of matrix crystalline state is different from due to foring
Minor structure has preferable thermal stability, so it is also suitable lewis' theory of acids and bases.Such as in intermetallic compound molecule
AlxCu and Al20Cu2Mn3In, according to electronegativity size, it is known that Al ratios Cu, Mn are easier to lose electronics, and therefore, Al is Louis
Alkali, Cu, Mn are lewis acid, AlxCu and Al20Cu2Mn3Louis's " acid-base pair " can be regarded as.It is external in melt when being added
When Lewis Acids and Bases are to decomposing, intermetallic compound presoma that can be poor with matrix Presence of an interface is obviously also disturbed and activates
And recurring structure rises and falls, and generates more critical nucleus, makes the concentration of (T+ θ H) combination mutually in the alloy and is evenly distributed density,
Make up to 1/[μm]2More than, here it is Lewis Acids and Bases to that can increase Asia in the disturbance of nanoscale and activation effect
The mechanism of nanoscale particle (T+ θ H) combination phase and the areas nanoscale particle GP, θ ＂, θ ＇ tandem reinforcement phases.
In addition, since Lewis Acids and Bases are to being capable of providing to foreign peoples's material concentration of alloy melt bigger, increase
The constitutional supercooling degree of melt crystallization process causes nucleus quickly to cross critical dimension under stronger crystallization power, and in supercooling
It is freely nucleated and grows in liquid, being formed has isotropism and shape closer to spherical equi-axed crystal；Due to equiax crystal
It is this because of the free growing endogenetic forming mechanism of liquid internal, change the irregular crystals edge such as plane crystalline substance, dendrite, column crystal
In the unidirectionally extended growth pattern of type wall life core, the certainly export-oriented liquid internal of casting mold cavity, therefore avoid or alleviate alloy
Component segregation, coarse unidirectional, the non-uniform defect of macro property of crystallization, so that some for effectively avoiding or alleviating alloy are common
Defect, such as pin hole, stomata, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, coarse solid solution, high hardness compound, crackle.
Due to (T+ θ H) combination mutually with Al-Cu binary disperse phase θ ' at different levels, θ ", the areas GPI be respectively provided with successively sub-micron grade,
Subnano-class and nano level distortion of lattice effect, as long as if technical solution of the present invention is the quantity of (T+ θ H) combination phase in matrix
It is improved with distribution density, can be achieved with arranging in pairs or groups in terms of size, quantity and distribution with Al-Cu binary disperse phase relatively
Even, compact-sized, then it just will produce most strong distortion of lattice stress field (maximum dot matrix mismatch) between each other, while again and base
Body whole coherence or half coherence completely, therefore a three-dimensional elastoplasticity net battle array is formd in entire crystal grain three dimensions, whole
A intra-die produces similar " armored concrete " to the hierarchical reinforced structure of fabric structure humidification (hereinafter referred to as
" class concrete reinforced structure "), substantially improve the mechanical property of alloy；This superlastic modeling equally distributed within the scope of crystal particle scale
Property tension structure have and can effectively transfer particle as much as possible and participate in resisting, share and absorbing external impact momentum jointly
The ability of (Dynamic And Static Loads), to microcosmic upper with powerful fatigue resistance, macroscopically with high-strength, high-ductility, height hard " three
Height is unified " feature, this " class concrete reinforced structure " and only globular graphite and iron-based body in the spheroidal graphite cast-iron of steel material class
Two kinds of parallel constructions and grain size must change between 15~500 μm can not improve (a side jointly to obtain strong hardness and toughness
Raising premised on reducing another party) matrix characteristics compare, it is clear that have higher engineering application value.
According to lewis' theory of acids and bases, aluminum melt is an electron rich high temperature system, that is, belongs to strong lewis base, served as
After the copper manganese of amount is added, since the electronegativity of copper manganese is stronger, the more electron cloud of suction makes the alkali of alloy melt to be formed
Property reduce, surface tension increase, be unfavorable for the generation of critical nucleus；After electron rich substance is added, the acid effect of copper manganese is balanced
It answers, the interfacial tension that original nucleus faces reduces, thus the original nucleus for promoting the trunk T-phase of (T+ θ H) combination phase is grown into
Critical nucleus, to determine that mutually quantity and distribution density significantly improve in the alloy for (T+ θ H) combination.
Present document relates to aluminum alloy materials can integrate the mechanics and castability of aluminium silicon systems and conventional aluminum bronze based material well
Energy；The mechanical property of the aluminum alloy materials reaches the index of Q500 materials, and casting character protrudes, and finished product rate is high.
Aluminum alloy materials suspension hook has the advantages that following several compared with ductile iron material：
1. there is the crampon of aluminum alloy materials fabulous cryogenic property, mechanical property to reduce and improve with temperature,
During the cold season in low temperature environment, the safety of outwork is ensured well, and the crane arm of ductile iron material then with
Temperature, which reduces, gradually to be occurred from toughness to brittle transformation, especially in brittle transition temperature hereinafter, its impact value drastically declines, very
To generation " low-temperature brittle fracture ", the safety of lifting is influenced.
2. aluminum material mitigates about 2/3 compared with ductile iron material own wt, energy consumption and maintenance cost are low.
3. aluminum material, which recycles, is worth good (the cost only electrolysis that industrial waste alumina recycling reprocessing utilizes of high and reproducibility
The 5% of aluminium), it is better than magnesium iron.
4. the antioxidant anticorrosive of aluminum material itself is significantly larger than magnesium iron.
Specific implementation mode
The specific embodiment of the invention includes 2 parts, and first part is prompt and explanation, and second part is specific implementation
Example.
First part：Prompt and explanation
A kind of preparation method for the aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 crampons, comprises the steps of：
(1) weight ratio is determined within the scope of, element ratio, selecting one group of substance combination in aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases, according to
The alloy total amount prepared is needed, the weight of each required material is extrapolated；
(2) aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid are added into smelting furnace, heat and is kept the temperature at 700 DEG C or more；
(3) beryllium Be is first added, after being completely melt, adds manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, stirs, selected lewis acid is added
Alkali stirs evenly combination；
(4) and then to above-mentioned alloy melt furnace refining is carried out；
(5) slagging-off, standing, sampling analysis alloy composition after refining adjust chemical composition according to analysis result and extremely advise
In fixed deviation range；To 650 DEG C or more, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove for temperature adjustment, online degasification, slagging-off；
(6) it casts：Using high-pressure casting
The high-pressure casting, steps are as follows：
1. pourable casting after melt filtration, casting temperature control can be at 690~710 DEG C；
2. mold should be preheating to 350 DEG C or so before casting, sprayed coating, mold cleaning, to insert are carried out to mold
Preheating cleaning, prevents field trash from entering alloy and causes waste product；Alloy melt enters the preparation of holding furnace crucible.
3. alloy melt pours into hyperbaric chamber, high injection punch head advances, and melt injection is entered cavity；
4. pressurize, solidification and crystallization；
5. product, natural cooling, cleaning sand core, sawing riser, polishing overlap are taken out in die sinking；
6. appearance quality detection.Rough casting should clean out smooth, non-processing face before carrying out presentation quality inspection
Dead head should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；
7. internal soundness detects.Section dye penetrant inspection detection or integral fluorescence or X-ray check；
8. solution treatment.The blank that casting is completed to roughing and inside and outside quality testing is sent into solid solution furnace, carry out 560 DEG C with
Under solution treatment, quenched at once after heat preservation, water cooling；
Ageing strengthening.The casting for completing solution treatment is sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening processing, ageing strengthening technique
150~240 DEG C, after heat preservation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；Cast(ing) surface can carry out impeller blasting.
9. sampling analysis test verification.Coupon is cut from the casting after Overheating Treatment, sampling point is selected in blank
Ontology has the position that the appropriate location of allowance, casting ontology are loaded uniform or concentrate, each sampling point that should cut three
Root coupon；
10. practical performance is verified.After mechanical processing, surface treatment and assembly, the practicability of simulation applying working condition is carried out
Experiment, including selection fatigue test, wear test, reverse overload test or overvoltage test can be detected.
Second part：Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of aluminium alloy crampon and its high-pressure casting method substituting QT500
1, product parameter
| Load kg | Operating temperature |
| 500~6000 | - 30~200 ° |
2, production procedure：Melt → suppress and fill type → holding pressure → release → cooling → die sinking pickup → cleaning, sawing
→ timeliness
3, alloy formula weight percent (%)
4, melt cast temperature >=690 DEG C；
5, mold preheating temperature >=150 DEG C；
6, filling time≤2s fills type (oil) pressure：≥20MPa；
7, dwell time >=30s keeps (oil) pressure：≥30MPa；
8, cooling time：≤10min；
9, it is heat-treated：T5 (solid solution plus incomplete artificial aging)；
10, cast microstructure index：Metallographic structure is equiax crystal, 50~60 μm of mean grain size, in crystal grain (T+ θ H)
Combine phase amount 2~3/[μm]2；
11, casting mechanical performance
Embodiment 2
A kind of aluminium alloy crampon and its method of high-pressure casting
1, product parameter
| Weight kg | Height dimension mm | Peak load kg | Maximum operating temperature |
| 4.5 | 300 | 500~6000 | 200℃ |
2, production procedure：Melt → cast → rotation cavity → mold filling and solidification → stalling molds pickup → solid solution → timeliness
3, alloy formula weight percent (%)
4, melt cast temperature >=690 DEG C；
5, mold preheating temperature >=150 DEG C；
6, filling time≤2s fills type (oil) pressure：≥30MPa；
7, dwell time >=30s keeps (oil) pressure：≥50MPa；
8, cooling time：≤10min；
9, it is heat-treated：T5 (solid solution plus incomplete artificial aging)；
10, cast microstructure index：Metallographic structure is equiax crystal, 65~75 μm of mean grain size, in crystal grain (T+ θ H)
Combine phase amount 2~3/[μm]2；
11, casting mechanical performance
Embodiment 3
A kind of aluminium alloy crampon and its high-pressure casting method substituting QT500
1, product parameter
| Load kg | Operating temperature |
| 500~6000 | - 30~200 ° |
2, production procedure：Melt → suppress and fill type → holding pressure → release → cooling → die sinking pickup → cleaning, sawing
→ timeliness
3, alloy formula weight percent (%)
4, melt cast temperature >=690 DEG C；
5, mold preheating temperature >=150 DEG C；
6, filling time≤2s fills type (oil) pressure：≥20MPa；
7, dwell time >=30s keeps (oil) pressure：≥30MPa；
8, cooling time：≤10min；
9, it is heat-treated：T5 (solid solution plus incomplete artificial aging)；
10, cast microstructure index：Metallographic structure is equiax crystal, 50~60 μm of mean grain size, in crystal grain (T+ θ H)
Combine phase amount 2~3/[μm]2；
11, casting mechanical performance
Claims (7)
1. a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 crampons, it is characterised in that：Principal component content is by weight percentage：
Beryllium Be:0.01%~0.02%, manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+
4.05%；Surplus is aluminium Al；Additive total amount 1% × 10-4~2.0%, 120 microns of alloy mean grain size ＜, in alloy grain
Sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase amount reaches >=1/square micron；The molecule knot of sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase in alloy grain
Structure formula is (Al20Cu2Mn3+AlxCu), the thickness that wherein x is less than 2, θ H phases is 20nm, a length of 50nm；The additive is metal
One kind or more than one mixing in object, hydrogen peroxide adduct are closed with metal carbonyl complex made of ligand binding, metal halogen, or
One or more of transition dvielement and aforesaid compound mix.
2. a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 crampons according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Alloy is brilliant
Grain is equiax crystal.
3. a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 crampons according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Described
Metal and metal carbonyl complex made of ligand binding：Tungsten W (CO) is closed including six carbonyls6, ten carbonyls close two manganese Mn2(CO)10。
4. a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 crampons according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Described
Metal halogen closes object, including tri-chlorination copper CuCl3。
5. a kind of aluminum alloy materials of replacement QT500 crampons according to one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that：
The additive accounts for Al matrix weight percent, ranging from by element additive amount：La ＜ 0.15%, SnI4＜ 0.08%, CuCl3＜
0.03%, W (CO)6＜ 0.05%, Zr ＜ 0.1%, Nd ＜ 0.1%, SbH3＜ 0.1%, Mn2(CO)10＜ 0.03%.
6. a kind of preparation method of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 crampons as claimed in claim 5, feature exist
In：It comprises the steps of：(1) within the scope of aforementioned additive, element ratio, one group of substance combination is selected, determines weight ratio, root
According to the alloy total amount that needs are prepared, the weight of each required material is extrapolated；(2) aluminium ingot or molten aluminum are added into smelting furnace
Liquid is heated and is kept the temperature at 700 DEG C or more；(3) beryllium Be is first added, after being completely melt, adds manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, stirs,
Selected additive combination is added, stirs evenly；(4) and then to above-mentioned alloy melt furnace refining is carried out；(5) it is removed after refining
Slag, standing, sampling analysis alloy composition are adjusted according to analysis result in chemical composition to defined deviation range；Temperature adjustment
To 650 DEG C or more, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, online degasification, slagging-off；(6) it casts：Using high-pressure casting.
7. a kind of preparation method of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 crampons according to claim 5, feature exist
In：The high-pressure casting cast, steps are as follows：1. high compression mod manufactures and designs, high-pressure casting machine debugging, mold installation；2. alloy
Melt enters the preparation of holding furnace crucible；3. carrying out preheating and sprayed coating to mold, mold cleaning preheats insert and clears up, mould
Each section mould assembly of tool；4. alloy melt pours into hyperbaric chamber, high injection punch head advances, and melt injection is entered cavity；5. pressurize,
Solidification and crystallization；Die sinking, core pulling pickup；6. appearance quality detection：Rough casting should be cleared up dry before carrying out presentation quality inspection
Net smooth, the dead head in non-processing face should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；7. solution treatment：Casting is completed into roughing and inside and outside
The blank of quality testing is sent into solid solution furnace, carries out 560 DEG C or less solution treatment, is quenched at once after the completion of heat preservation, use water cooling；⑧
Ageing strengthening：The casting that will complete solution treatment is sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening processing, in 230 DEG C or less ageing strengthenings,
After heat preservation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；9. sampling analysis test verification；10. practical performance is verified.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102424924A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2012-04-25 | 贵州华科铝材料工程技术研究有限公司 | WN2 and LiBH4 powder added high-strength aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN103060639A (en) * | 2011-10-24 | 2013-04-24 | 贵州华科铝材料工程技术研究有限公司 | Noble-metal-modified aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN103710586A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-09 | 芜湖万润机械有限责任公司 | Preparation method of high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy profile |
| CN103981409A (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2014-08-13 | 安徽乾通教育制造有限公司 | Heatproof aluminum alloy section and preparation method thereof |
| CN104233016A (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2014-12-24 | 福州钜全汽车配件有限公司 | Gasoline engine piston material and preparation method thereof |
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| US8728256B2 (en) * | 2009-08-27 | 2014-05-20 | Guizhou Hua-Ke Aluminum-Materials Engineering Research Co., Ltd. | Multi-element heat-resistant aluminum alloy material with high strength and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103060639A (en) * | 2011-10-24 | 2013-04-24 | 贵州华科铝材料工程技术研究有限公司 | Noble-metal-modified aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102424924A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2012-04-25 | 贵州华科铝材料工程技术研究有限公司 | WN2 and LiBH4 powder added high-strength aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN103710586A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-09 | 芜湖万润机械有限责任公司 | Preparation method of high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy profile |
| CN103981409A (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2014-08-13 | 安徽乾通教育制造有限公司 | Heatproof aluminum alloy section and preparation method thereof |
| CN104233016A (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2014-12-24 | 福州钜全汽车配件有限公司 | Gasoline engine piston material and preparation method thereof |
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