CN105970043B - A kind of aluminum alloy materials and its high-pressure casting method of replacement QT500 Flange filters - Google Patents
A kind of aluminum alloy materials and its high-pressure casting method of replacement QT500 Flange filters Download PDFInfo
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- CN105970043B CN105970043B CN201610493336.5A CN201610493336A CN105970043B CN 105970043 B CN105970043 B CN 105970043B CN 201610493336 A CN201610493336 A CN 201610493336A CN 105970043 B CN105970043 B CN 105970043B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/03—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings formed by vacuum-sealed moulding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of aluminum alloy materials of replacement QT500 Flange filters, it is characterised in that：Principal component content is by weight percentage：Molybdenum Mo:0.01~0.02%, manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases are to total amount 1% × 10‑4~2.0%, 120 microns of alloy mean grain size ＜, surplus are aluminium Al.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminum alloy materials of replacement QT500 Flange filters and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron (abbreviation magnesium iron) is one of material of main utilization in lifting industry, traces it to its cause and is that magnesium iron
Low price, the mechanical property and physical index of stabilization.
This mechanical performance index and its criteria for classification of magnesium iron, can be used as aluminum alloy materials innovative design, raising property
Can to mark basis；Low-carbon, intensive, high efficiency (high-effect), flexibility are pursued in current market, are manufacturing industry from traditional shape
The mark that state is crossed over to high-end form.
In order to give full play to aluminium alloy with " light " the serial advantageous characteristic for representative, it is necessary to it is had in terms of " strong "
Tremendous development, while cannot have unacceptable manufacture cost increase, it could be expanded significantly uses field.This requires necessary
Make a breakthrough first in Al-alloy material design.
The method close examination prepared from material, since material characteristics are combined by carry the microcosmic thing of the feature of this feature
Contribute what is come, therefore it is combined to obtain good feature thing, such as high intensity, high-melting-point, high-ductility, high rigidity, corrosion resistant
Erosion etc., is the final result that various preparation methods are pursued.The mixed smelting and casting crystalline of element are formulated, is that fusion casting forms material
The major contributing link of material phase molecule combining structure, in fusion-casting process, the intermetallic of solid solution crystal grain and crystal boundary
Thing molecule thing mutually determines the crystalline state combination (submicron particles of alloy:10~300 μm or so of scale), subsequent heat treatment or
Flow harden is then to fine structure (micron particles under crystalline state group frame:1~30 μm or so of scale) so it is more microcosmic
Precise and tiny structure (Subnano-class or sub-micron grade particle:1 μm of scale 10nm~＜) it is adjusted and perfect, this adjustment and complete
Kind degree and scope, in known technology and traditional concept, it is believed that mainly as the alloy phase diagram area residing for alloy composition
The combined decision of thing that domain gives, still, alloy phase diagram do not provide other micro- additions and exclude the influence produced,
With less prediction addition and the directiveness for excluding other trace elements and mutually being influenced on thing.Use for reference alloy solution chemistry theory and
Method improves melt structure, such as the covering of protective film, the addition of slag former, refining agent or alterant, degasification slag removal and purification etc.,
It is the important technical for improving the combination of alloy crystalline state, fine structure or even more microcosmic precise and tiny structure, but these means, by
Then grope accumulation during prepare alloy to get, therefore be often considered as " preparation process " rather than " composition design "
A part.
The spherical aberration correction scanning of very high resolution by being up to 0.08nm to aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy is saturating
The precise and tiny constituency analysis of electron microscope (STEM) is penetrated, obtains various phase structures, the Atomic Resolution established on an atomic scale
It is distributed with chemical element.Confirm wherein there are a series of hardening constituents, including well-known Al-Cu binary metastable phase (GP areas,
θ ＂, θ ＇), new disc phase and balance phase θ (Al2Cu)；Wherein inside matrix grain, a kind of forked (the T+ θ H) group of rod of new discovery
Close phase, the trunk portion T-phase of the combination phase is Al-Cu-Mn ternary phases, molecular structural formula Al20Cu2Mn3, molecule phase character
It is that diameter about 100nm, length about 600~1000nm are in mandrel shape and its (010) face and alloy matrix aluminum { 010 } face coherence,；
And the apposition growth secondary phase of Al-Cu binary of size larger (thickness about 20nm, be about 50nm) around T-phase, since this is secondary
Mutually compared with other Al-Cu metastable phases in matrix (GP areas, θ ＂, θ ＇ or other disc phases), there is very big difference in structure, it is special
Be not the other Al-Cu metastable phases thickness of thickness ratio much, therefore the present invention be referred to as θ H phases, its molecular structural formula AlxCu (x may
Less than 2), being a kind of richness Cu molecules.
On engineer application, the size and state of aluminum alloy solution body crystal grain, and it is distributed in the intermetallic of crystal boundary
The size and form of thing, has conclusive influence to the mechanical property of alloy.Thick plane crystalline substance, dendrite, column crystal etc. are no
Ordered crystal and the thick brittle property intermetallic compound for being distributed in crystal boundary, can be the good fine structure of alloy and precise and tiny knot
Obdurability contribution of the structure to matrix all balances out, because the law of development that these coarse grains are deferred to results from casting mold cavity
Type wall life core, from the unidirectionally extended growth pattern of export-oriented liquid internal, cause the component segregation of alloy, crystallization it is thick it is unidirectional,
The non-uniform defect of macro property, so that as some common deficiencies of alloy, such as pin hole, stomata, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, thick
The root of big solid solution, high hardness compound, crackle etc..The routine used at present goes bad means and the means of crystal grain thinning, such as
Add aluminium titanium boron or Al-Ti-C master alloy, best effect can only make mean grain size refine to 120~150 microns, and branch
For brilliant form often without basic transformation, this is the important bottleneck problem that alloy mechanical property improves.Because aluminium is closed
For gold, the approach that intensity and toughness improve at the same time, the only refinement of crystal grain and rounding are obtained；The adjustment of heat treatment process,
In the state of crystalline structure has determined, intensity or toughness can only be made to be optimized on one side.Therefore, it is how further thin
Change the mean grain size with rounding alloy, be the target that industrial circle is pursued all the time.
Theoretical according to alloy strengthening, the intensity of alloy is that material median surface or dislocation movement by slip are subject to the obstruction of particle and produce
, obstruction is stronger, and the intensity of material is also bigger.And particle hinders the knot that behavior interacts with material median surface or dislocation movement by slip
Fruit, there is two kinds：One kind is that dislocation will cut through particle and continue to slide, and another kind is particle when particle strong hardness itself is not high enough
Intensity is very high, and dislocation can not be cut through, then can only bypass particle and continue to slide, and a circle dislocation ring is left around particle.
The size that two kinds of results contribute the strength of materials is obvious：Particle is cut through to the strength of materials around particle ratio
Contribution it is big；Cut through particle and be capable of providing the preferable elongation percentage of material, and will be carried due to the humidification of dislocation ring around particle
For the yield strength and tensile strength of material higher.
Flange form filter is to remove the mini-plant containing solid content in liquid, can protect compressor, pump and other set
Standby and instrument etc. works normally and operating, reaches stabilizing technical processes, safing effect.In addition to improving product quality
There is a meaning of very weight, the Flange filters of the aluminum alloy materials of in the market is all small dimension (below diameter 150mm), material
Material is mostly aluminium silicon (Al-Si), aluminium silicon systems good moldability but intensity, lower hardness, is unable to reach the mechanics of ductile iron material (QT500)
Performance, cannot meet its demand on the engineer application that caliber is thick, flow is big, pressure is big, the safety such as leakage, rupture easily occur
Problem；And present document relates to aluminum alloy materials can reach in aspect of performance the index of QT500, go out in terms of shaping than ductile iron material
Product rate is high.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is：There is provided a kind of replacement QT500 Flange filters aluminum alloy materials and its
Preparation method, wherein addition Lewis Acids and Bases pair, effectively to expedite the emergence of critical nucleus (obtaining equiax crystal), make alloy before curing
The optimal combined structure of molecule thing ((T+ θ H) combines phase) is obtained, promotes alloy crystalline state to optimize, enables aluminum alloy to base material realization
The strength grade of 500MPa and higher, so as to reach the Al-alloy products that production substitutes QT500.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of aluminum alloy materials of replacement QT500 Flange filters, principal component content is by weight
Measure percentages：Molybdenum Mo:0.01~0.02%, manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0%
And Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases are to total amount 1% × 10-4~2.0%, surplus is aluminium Al.
The alloy grain is equiax crystal.
120 microns of the alloy mean grain size ＜, sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase amount reaches >=1 in alloy grain
A/square micron.
The Lewis Acids and Bases to formed for metal and ligand binding metal halogen ammonate, one in metal hydrogen peroxide adduct
Kind, or more than one mixing.
The metal halogen ammonate that the metal is formed with ligand binding：Six cobaltammines [Co (NH are closed including trichlorine3)6]
Cl3, chlorine conjunction two amminos silver [Ag (NH3)2] Cl,
The metal hydrogen peroxide adduct, including lithium hydride LiH.
The Lewis Acids and Bases pair, account for Al matrix percentage by weights, scope is by element additive amount：Ni ＜ 0.2%, Ce ＜
0.15%, LiH ＜ 0.08%, [Ag (NH3)2] Cl ＜ 0.08%, [Co (NH3)6]Cl3＜ 0.05%.
A kind of preparation method of the aluminum alloy materials of replacement QT500 Flange filters comprises the steps of：
(1) weight ratio is determined in the range of, element ratio, selecting one group of material combination in foregoing Lewis Acids and Bases, according to
The alloy total amount prepared is needed, extrapolates the weight of required every kind of material；
(2) toward addition aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid in smelting furnace, heat and simultaneously kept the temperature more than 700 DEG C；
(3) manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, molybdenum Mo stirring are added, selected Lewis Acids and Bases is added to combination, stirs evenly；
(4) and then to above-mentioned alloy melt furnace refining is carried out；
(5) slagging-off, standing, sampling analysis alloy composition after refining, adjust chemical composition according to analysis result and extremely advise
In fixed deviation range；To more than 650 DEG C, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove for temperature adjustment, online degasification, slagging-off；
(6) cast：Using high-pressure casting.
The high-pressure casting cast, step are as follows：
1. high compression mod manufactures and designs, high-pressure casting machine debugging, mould installation；
2. alloy melt enters the preparation of holding furnace crucible；
3. being preheated to mould and sprayed coating, mold cleaning, insert is preheated and is cleared up, each several part of mould closes
Type；
4. alloy melt is poured into hyperbaric chamber, high injection punch head advances, and melt injection is entered cavity；
5. pressurize, solidification and crystallization；Die sinking, core pulling pickup；
6. appearance quality detection：Rough casting should clean out smooth, non-processing face before presentation quality inspection is carried out
Dead head should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；
7. solution treatment：The blank that casting is completed to roughing and inside and outside quality testing is sent into solid solution furnace, carry out 560 DEG C with
Lower solution treatment, quenches, uses water cooling at once after the completion of insulation；
8. ageing strengthening：The casting for completing solution treatment is sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening processing, below 230 DEG C
Ageing strengthening, after insulation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；
9. sampling analysis test verification；
10. practical performance is verified.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：It is pointed by lewis' theory of acids and bases, molecule solution can occur in aluminium alloy melt
Body or " acid-base pair " material for contributing to (scope i.e. less than 1 nanometer) thing phase molecule structure optimization in time nano-area, application
Adjusted in the fine structure of melt nanoscale scope, be the most important creative technological means of the present invention.
By with lewis' theory of acids and bases, making the micro- addition and exclusion to carrying in relation to Lewis Acids and Bases,
Molecule disintegration and conversion occurs in aluminium alloy melt environment, to provide abundant disturbance and the activation effect in the hyperfine microcell of melt
Should, reach and expedite the emergence of critical nucleus and largely formed, alloy grain degree is further refined, form more rounding；Increase (T+ θ
H) content of the combination phase in alloy substrate, is the mechanism problem for the alloy strengthening that the present invention solves.
Metal halogen ammoniate can not realize alloy grain refinement with ordinary matter as Louis " acid-base pair "
Excellent effect, this is because：These gas ions can be stabilized as normal material molecule at normal temperatures, and in aluminium alloy
Molecule occurs in high temperature acid or alkali environment as melt to disintegrate, generates lewis acid and lewis base；Due to being that molecule disintegrates, therefore
But it is a kind of " the falling apart " of the atom combining structure of secondary nanometer range, its ligand moiety is come out with gaseous exhaust, discharged
Core metal ion is then reselected with reference to other atoms.
Disintegration and reconstruct of this generation in aluminium alloy melt, it is different from common material dissolving, because：1. under high temperature
The incipient bubble for decomposing the gaseous material formation of release only has a molecular size (being less than 1nm, i.e. secondary nanophase), specific surface area
Maximum, has the disturbance ability of extremely strong activity and nanometer range, is in the size range that crystallization critical nucleus is formed, thus
The state such as fluctuation of energy, rise and fall of structure and composition fluctuations of atom rises and falls all with extremely strong in melt superfinishing microcell caused by and
Characteristics of Mutation, promotes neighbouring more polyatom across crystallization potential barrier, so a large amount of formation of critical nucleus are particularly conducive to, to gold
The catalysis of compound reaction of formation and alloy structure crystal grain refinement all generate good better than common alterant such as aluminium titanium boron between category
Effect；Positive and negative ion body this disturbance and activation effect in the superfinishing microcell of secondary nanometer range at the same time, is conventional additional purification
What the bubble (diameter is more than 0.5mm) that gas is formed can not be realized；2. decompose release metallic atom or cation have than with
The volume of body smaller and the specific surface area of bigger, its disturbance and activation effect to neighboring atom is stronger, caused by superfinishing microcell
State fluctuating is more notable, also stronger to intermetallic compound reaction of formation catalysis and alloy substrate tissue Grain Refinement Effect；
, will not be as common gold 3. division and reconstruct of the acid-base pair in high-temperature fusant enhance scattered and diffusion velocity of the particle in microcell
Belong to or additive causes clustering like that, and restrained effectively caused by additive alloying component segregation and bulky grain matter
Point aggregation and grow up, this can effectively solve conventional grain fining agent coarsening tendency in crystallization process, such as can prevent
The roughening of titanium Ti and rare-earth phase；4. secondary reaction can also occur for ligand bubble, purification gas is accompanied after a series of changes
Discharge melt (for example generate CO2、CH4、N2、NH3Or H2S) or slag (such as Al is entered2O3、Al(HO)3Or Al4C3), it is this net
Change acts on, can be with most stable of solid-state or gaseous material, and the H dissolved in the melt and oxide impurity absorbs and decomposition,
So as to which its catharsis is more preferable than conventional gas purification mode effect.Here it is positive and negative ion body as Lewis Acids and Bases pair
Addition and exclusion, aluminium alloy melt environment occur molecule disintegrate, atom reconstruct in acid-base chemical conversion and superfinishing microcell, to provide
Abundant disturbance and activation effect in melt superfinishing microcell, reach and expedite the emergence of critical nucleus largely generation and the suppression long your writing of crystal grain
With, and realize the mechanism of more preferable clean-up effect.By this mechanism, matrix crystalline state is set generally to become equiax crystal, grain size
Averagely it is less than 120 μm, it is average at 50~100 μm that further effect of optimization can reach grain size.This effect, is to use merely
What the conventional grain such as aluminium titanium boron and aluminium titanium carbon fining agent and the gas purification technique of routine can not be realized.
Complicated ligand compound also has what ordinary matter can not be realized as Lewis Acids and Bases pair to alloy grain refinement
Good result, can be in environment as aluminium alloy melt because their molecular structure is similar with the structure of positive and negative ion body
Atom reconstruct, can also discharge gaseous state or liquid when molecule disintegrates in the middle disintegration that molecule occurs, acid-base chemical conversion and superfinishing microcell
The ligand of state, purification gas discharge melt is accompanied after series reaction and (for example generates CO2、CH4、N2、NH3Or H2S) or into
Enter slag (such as NaCl, KCl, Al (HO)3、Al2O3Or Al4C3), wherein the metallic atom or ion that discharge, non-metallic atom or
Ion, is all the ultra-fine fine particle of secondary nanophase, has the specific surface area of maximum, can provide fully disturbing in melt superfinishing microcell
Dynamic and activation effect, reaches and expedites the emergence of critical nucleus and largely generation and suppress crystal grain and grow up the mechanism of effect.By this mechanism, make
Matrix crystalline state generally becomes equiax crystal, and grain size is averagely less than 120 μm, and further effect of optimization can reach grain size and put down
At 50~100 μm, this effect, is the simple gas for using the conventional grain such as aluminium titanium boron and aluminium titanium carbon fining agent and routine
What purification techniques can not be realized.
Therefore, principal component content is by weight percentage：Molybdenum Mo:0.01~0.02%, manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:
0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases are to total amount 1% × 10-4~
2.0%, 120 microns of alloy mean grain size ＜, surplus are aluminium Al.Molybdenum Mo forms the change of the labyrinth containing Mo in melt
Compound, net distribution, prevents the recrystallization process of aluminium and its alloy, improves recrystallization temperature, and it is brilliant significantly to refine recrystallization
Grain, improves the mechanical behavior under high temperature of alloy.
Due to the discovery of (T+ θ H) combination phase, in aluminium alloy strengthening design, it is possible to phase is combined by increasing (T+ θ H),
The matrix strength for enabling aluminum alloy to material obtains big lifting, and stability is well controlled, this be the invention solves engineering
Application problem, i.e. alternate series ductile iron material and product.
In alloy melt, different metal atom or ion it is close, can also produce energy level splitting between them and heat occurs
Chemically react and (electronics transfer does not occur) and form the pattern of intermetallic compound, point of matrix crystalline state is different from due to foring
Minor structure, has preferable heat endurance, so it is also suitable lewis' theory of acids and bases.Such as in intermetallic compound molecule
AlxCu and Al20Cu2Mn3In, according to electronegativity size, it is known that Al is easier to lose electronics than Cu, Mn, and therefore, Al is Louis
Alkali, Cu, Mn are lewis acids, AlxCu and Al20Cu2Mn3Louis's " acid-base pair " can be regarded as.It is external in melt when adding
When Lewis Acids and Bases are to decomposing, intermetallic compound presoma that can be poor with matrix Presence of an interface is obviously also disturbed and activates
And recurring structure rises and falls, more critical nucleus are produced, makes the concentration of (T+ θ H) combination mutually in the alloy and is evenly distributed density,
Make up to 1/[μm]2More than, here it is Lewis Acids and Bases to Asia can be increased in the disturbance of nanoscale and activation effect
Nanoscale particle (T+ θ H) combination phase and nanoscale particle GP areas, θ ＂, the mechanism of θ ＇ tandem reinforcement phases.
Further, since Lewis Acids and Bases are to being capable of providing foreign peoples's material concentration to alloy melt bigger, therefore increase
The constitutional supercooling degree of melt crystallization process, causes nucleus quickly to cross critical dimension under stronger crystallization power, and in supercooling
Freely it is nucleated and grows in liquid, being formed has isotropism and shape closer to spherical equi-axed crystal；Due to equiax crystal
It is this because of the free growing endogenetic forming mechanism of liquid internal, change the irregular crystal edge such as plane crystalline substance, dendrite, column crystal
In type wall life core, the unidirectionally extended growth pattern of extroversion liquid internal, therefore avoid or alleviate alloy certainly of casting mold cavity
Component segregation, thick unidirectional, the non-uniform defect of macro property of crystallization, so that some for effectively avoiding or alleviating alloy are common
Defect, such as pin hole, stomata, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, thick solid solution, high hardness compound, crackle.
Due to (T+ θ H) combine mutually with Al-Cu binary disperse phase θ ' at different levels, θ ", GPI areas successively respectively have sub-micron grade,
Subnano-class and nano level distortion of lattice effect, as long as if technical solution of the present invention is the quantity of (T+ θ H) combination phase in matrix
Improved with distribution density, can be achieved with arranging in pairs or groups in terms of size, quantity and distribution with Al-Cu binary disperse phase relatively equal
Even, compact-sized, then it will produce most strong distortion of lattice stress field (maximum dot matrix mismatch) between each other, while again and base
Body overall coherence or half coherence completely, therefore a three-dimensional elastoplasticity net battle array is formd in whole crystal grain three dimensions, whole
A intra-die generates similar " armored concrete " to the hierarchical reinforced structure of fabric structure humidification (hereinafter referred to as
" class concrete reinforced structure "), substantially improve the mechanical property of alloy；This superlastic modeling equally distributed in the range of crystal particle scale
Property tension structure have and can effectively transfer particle as much as possible and participate in resisting, share and absorbing external impact momentum jointly
The ability of (Dynamic And Static Loads), so that microcosmic above have powerful fatigue resistance, macroscopically has high-strength, high-ductility, height hard " three
The feature of height unification ", this " class concrete reinforced structure " is with there was only globular graphite and iron-based body in the spheroidal graphite cast-iron of steel material class
Two kinds of parallel constructions and grain size must change between 15~500 μm can not improve (a side jointly to obtain strong hardness and toughness
Raising premised on reducing the opposing party) matrix characteristics compare, it is clear that have higher engineering application value.
According to lewis' theory of acids and bases, aluminum melt is an electron rich high temperature system, that is, belongs to strong lewis base, served as
After the copper manganese of amount adds, since the electronegativity of copper manganese is stronger, the more electron cloud of suction, makes the alkali of alloy melt to be formed
Property reduce, surface tension increase, be unfavorable for the generation of critical nucleus；After adding electron rich material, the acid effect of copper manganese is balanced
Should, the interfacial tension that original nucleus faces reduces, thus the original nucleus for promoting the trunk T-phase of (T+ θ H) combination phase is grown into
Critical nucleus, so as to determine that mutually quantity and distribution density significantly improve in the alloy for (T+ θ H) combination.
Aluminum alloy materials have the advantages that following several compared with ductile iron material：
1. aluminum alloy materials have fabulous cryogenic property, its mechanical property is reduced and improved with temperature, in cold season
In low temperature environment, the security of outwork is ensured well, and ductile iron material then with temperature reduce gradually occur by
Toughness is to brittle transformation, and especially below brittle transition temperature, its impact value drastically declines, or even " low-temperature brittle fracture " occurs,
Influence the safety of lifting.
2. aluminum mitigates about 2/3 compared with ductile iron material own wt, energy consumption and maintenance cost are low.
3. aluminum, which recycles, is worth good (the cost only electrolysis that industrial waste alumina recycling reprocessing utilizes of high and reproducibility
Aluminium 5%), better than magnesium iron.
4. the antioxidant anticorrosive of aluminum in itself is significantly larger than magnesium iron.
Embodiment
The specific embodiment of the invention includes 2 parts, and Part I is prompting and explanation, and Part II is specific implementation
Example.
Part I：Prompting and explanation
A kind of preparation method of the aluminum alloy materials of replacement QT500 Flange filters, comprises the steps of：
(1) weight ratio is determined in the range of, element ratio, selecting one group of material combination in foregoing Lewis Acids and Bases, according to
The alloy total amount prepared is needed, extrapolates the weight of required every kind of material；
(2) toward addition aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid in smelting furnace, heat and simultaneously kept the temperature more than 700 DEG C；
(3) manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, molybdenum Mo stirring are added, selected Lewis Acids and Bases is added to combination, stirs evenly；
(4) and then to above-mentioned alloy melt furnace refining is carried out；
(5) slagging-off, standing, sampling analysis alloy composition after refining, adjust chemical composition according to analysis result and extremely advise
In fixed deviation range；To more than 650 DEG C, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove for temperature adjustment, online degasification, slagging-off；
(6) cast：Using high-pressure casting.
The high-pressure casting, step are as follows：
1. pourable casting after melt filtration, casting temperature control can be more than 700 DEG C；
2. mould should be preheating to 350 DEG C or so before casting, sprayed coating, mold cleaning, to insert are carried out to mould
Preheating cleaning, prevents field trash from causing waste product into alloy；Alloy melt enters the preparation of holding furnace crucible.
3. alloy melt is poured into hyperbaric chamber, high injection punch head advances, and melt injection is entered cavity；
4. pressurize, solidification and crystallization；
5. product, natural cooling, cleaning sand core, sawing riser, polishing overlap are taken out in die sinking；
6. appearance quality detection.Rough casting should clean out smooth, non-processing face before presentation quality inspection is carried out
Dead head should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；
7. internal soundness detects.Section dye penetrant inspection detection or integral fluorescence or X-ray check；
8. solution treatment.The blank that casting is completed to roughing and inside and outside quality testing is sent into solid solution furnace, carry out 560 DEG C with
Under solution treatment, quenched at once after insulation, water cooling；
Ageing strengthening.The casting for completing solution treatment is sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening processing, ageing strengthening technique
150~240 DEG C, after insulation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；Cast(ing) surface can carry out impeller blasting.
9. sampling analysis test verification.Coupon is cut from the casting after Overheating Treatment, sampling point is selected in blank
Body has the position that the appropriate location of allowance, casting body are loaded uniform or concentrate, and each sampling point should cut three
Root coupon；
The mechanics property analysis includes tensile strength, yield strength, elongation percentage, hardness, and numerical indication is：Tensile strength
530 ± 30Mpa, 450 ± 30Mpa of yield strength, elongation percentage 5 ± 2%, 160 ± 10HBS of hardness；
10. practical performance is verified.After being machined, being surface-treated and assemble, the practicality of simulation applying working condition is carried out
Experiment, including selection fatigue test, wear test, reverse overload test or overvoltage test can be detected.
Part II：Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of the aluminium alloy flange filter and its high-pressure casting method of replacement QT500
1st, product parameter：
2nd, production procedure：Melting → cast → metal pattern pressurization fill type → mold filling and solidification → pressure releasing die sinking pickup → cleaning,
Sawing → heat treatment；
3rd, alloy formula percentage by weight (%)
4th, melt cast temperature >=700 DEG C；
5th, metal pattern preheating temperature >=350 DEG C；
6th, filling time >=6s, mold filling pressure >=0.02Mpa；
7th, dwell time >=120s, dwell pressure >=0.05Mpa；
8th, it is heat-treated：T5 (solid solution plus incomplete artificial aging)；
9th, product microstructure index：Metallographic structure is equiax crystal, 50~60 μm of mean grain size, in crystal grain (T+ θ H)
Combine phase amount 1~2/[μm]2；
10th, mechanical performance
Embodiment 2
A kind of the aluminium alloy flange filter and its sand mould casting method of replacement QT500
1st, product parameter：
2nd, production procedure：Filling sand molding → overlay film negative pressure → modulus → mould assembling → melting → cast → is cooled down → removed and is negative
Press off case pickup → cleaning, sawing → heat treatment；
3rd, alloy formula percentage by weight (%)
4th, type processed：Allowance >=0.5mm, pattern draft：>=1 °, the curving of castings >=R2；
5th, overlay film negative-pressure vacuum degree is >=22.66KPa；
6th, pouring temperature：>=690 DEG C, filling time：≤60s；
7th, cooling time：≥10min；
8th, it is heat-treated：T6 (solid solution adds full artificial aging)；
9th, product microstructure index：Metallographic structure is equiax crystal, 50~60 μm of mean grain size, in crystal grain (T+ θ H)
Combine phase amount 1~2/[μm]2；
10th, mechanical performance
Embodiment 3
A kind of the aluminium alloy flange filter and its high-pressure casting method of replacement QT500
1st, product parameter：
2nd, production procedure：Melting → cast → metal pattern pressurization fill type → mold filling and solidification → pressure releasing die sinking pickup → cleaning,
Sawing → heat treatment；
3rd, alloy formula percentage by weight (%)
4th, melt cast temperature >=700 DEG C；
5th, metal pattern preheating temperature >=350 DEG C；
6th, filling time >=6s, mold filling pressure >=0.02Mpa；
7th, dwell time >=120s, dwell pressure >=0.05Mpa；
8th, it is heat-treated：T5 (solid solution plus incomplete artificial aging)；
9th, product microstructure index：Metallographic structure is equiax crystal, 50~60 μm of mean grain size, (T+ θ H) group in crystal grain
Close phase amount 1~2/[μm]2；
10th, mechanical performance
Claims (6)
- A kind of 1. aluminum alloy materials of replacement QT500 Flange filters, it is characterised in that：Principal component content is by weight percentage Meter：Molybdenum Mo:0.01~0.02%, manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+ 4.05%；Surplus is aluminium Al, additive total amount 1% × 10-4~2.0%, 120 microns of alloy mean grain size ＜；It is sub- in alloy grain Nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase amount reaches >=1/square micron；The molecular structure of sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase in alloy grain Formula is (Al20Cu2Mn3+AlxCu)；The thickness that wherein x is less than 2, θ H phases is 20nm, a length of 50nm；The additive for metal with One kind in metal halogen ammonate that ligand binding forms, metal hydride, or more than one mixing.
- A kind of 2. aluminum alloy materials of replacement QT500 Flange filters according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Alloy Crystal grain is equiax crystal.
- A kind of 3. aluminum alloy materials of replacement QT500 Flange filters according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described The metal halogen ammonate that forms of metal and ligand binding：Including Hexammine cobaltic chloride [Co (NH3)6]Cl3, two ammino of chlorination Silver [Ag (NH3)2]Cl。
- A kind of 4. aluminum alloy materials of replacement QT500 Flange filters according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Metal hydrogen peroxide adduct, including lithium hydride LiH.
- 5. a kind of preparation method of the aluminum alloy materials of replacement QT500 Flange filters as described in one of claim 1-4, its It is characterized in that：Comprise the steps of：(1) in the range of aforementioned additive, element ratio, one group of material combination is selected, determines weight Ratio is measured, the alloy total amount prepared as needed, extrapolates the weight of required every kind of material；(2) toward adding aluminium ingot in smelting furnace Or molten aluminum liquid, heat and kept the temperature more than 700 DEG C；(3) manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, molybdenum Mo stirring are added, adds selected add Add agent to combine, stir evenly；(4) and then to above-mentioned alloy melt furnace refining is carried out；(5) slagging-off, standing, sampling point after refining Alloy composition is analysed, is adjusted according to analysis result in chemical composition to defined deviation range；Temperature adjustment is closed to more than 650 DEG C Golden liquid is come out of the stove, online degasification, slagging-off；(6) cast：Using high-pressure casting.
- 6. a kind of preparation method of the aluminum alloy materials of replacement QT500 Flange filters according to claim 5, its feature It is：The high-pressure casting cast, step are as follows：1. high compression mod manufactures and designs, high-pressure casting machine debugging, mould installation；2. close Golden melt enters the preparation of holding furnace crucible；3. being preheated to mould and sprayed coating, mold cleaning, insert is preheated and is cleared up, The each several part mould assembly of mould；4. alloy melt is poured into hyperbaric chamber, high injection punch head advances, and melt injection is entered cavity；5. protect Pressure, solidification and crystallization；Die sinking, core pulling pickup；6. appearance quality detection：Rough casting is before presentation quality inspection is carried out, Ying Qing Reason is clean smooth, and the dead head in non-processing face should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；7. solution treatment：By casting complete roughing and The blank of inside and outside quality testing is sent into solid solution furnace, carries out less than 560 DEG C solution treatment, is quenched at once after the completion of insulation, use water It is cold；8. ageing strengthening：The casting for completing solution treatment is sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening processing, the timeliness below 230 DEG C Strengthen, after insulation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；9. sampling analysis test verification；10. practical performance is verified.
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| CN101805852A (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2010-08-18 | 贵州华科铝材料工程技术研究有限公司 | Mo-RE high-strength heat-resistance aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof |
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