CN105970047B - A kind of aluminum alloy materials and its investment casting method for substituting QT500 agricultural machinery speed reducing machines - Google Patents
A kind of aluminum alloy materials and its investment casting method for substituting QT500 agricultural machinery speed reducing machines Download PDFInfo
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- CN105970047B CN105970047B CN201610493456.5A CN201610493456A CN105970047B CN 105970047 B CN105970047 B CN 105970047B CN 201610493456 A CN201610493456 A CN 201610493456A CN 105970047 B CN105970047 B CN 105970047B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT500 agricultural machinery speed reducing machines, it is characterised in that：Principal component content is by weight percentage：Zirconium Zr:0.05%~0.10%, manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases are to total amount 1% × 10‑4~2.0%, surplus is aluminium Al.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT500 agricultural machinery speed reducing machines and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron (abbreviation magnesium iron) is one of material of main utilization in lifting industry, traces it to its cause and is that magnesium iron
Low price, stabilization mechanical property and physical index.
This mechanical performance index and its criteria for classification of magnesium iron can be used as aluminum alloy materials innovative design, raising property
Can to mark basis；Low-carbon, intensive, high efficiency (high-effect), flexibility are pursued in current market, are manufacturing industry from traditional shape
The mark that state is crossed over to high-end form.
In order to give full play to aluminium alloy with " light " the serial advantageous characteristic for representative, it is necessary to it first be made to have in terms of " strong "
Tremendous development, while cannot have unacceptable manufacture cost increase, it could be expanded significantly uses field.This requires necessary
It makes a breakthrough first in Al-alloy material design.
It is examined closely from the method for material preparation, since material characteristics are combined by carry the microcosmic object of functionality of this feature
Contribute what is come, therefore the good functional object of acquisition is combined, such as high intensity, high-melting-point, high-ductility, high rigidity, corrosion resistant
Erosion etc. is the final result that various preparation methods are pursued.The mixed smelting and casting crystalline of element are formulated, is that fusion casting forms material
The major contributing link of material phase molecule composite structure, in fusion-casting process, the intermetallic of solid solution crystal grain and crystal boundary
Object molecule object mutually determines the crystalline state combination (submicron particles of alloy:10~300 μm or so of scale), subsequent heat treatment or
Flow harden is then to fine structure (micron particles under crystalline state group frame:1~30 μm or so of scale) so it is more microcosmic
Precise and tiny structure (Subnano-class or sub-micron grade particle:1 μm of scale 10nm~＜) it is adjusted and perfect, this adjustment and complete
Kind degree and range, in known technology and traditional concept, it is believed that mainly as the alloy phase diagram area residing for alloy composition
The combined decision of object that domain gives, still, alloy phase diagram do not provide the addition of other trace elements and exclude the influence generated,
With less prediction addition and the directiveness for excluding other trace elements and mutually being influenced on object.Use for reference alloy solution chemistry theory and
Method improves melt structure, such as the covering of protective film, the addition of slag former, refining agent or alterant, degasification slag removal and purification etc.,
It is the important technical for improving the combination of alloy crystalline state, fine structure or even more microcosmic precise and tiny structure, but these means, by
Then grope accumulation during prepare alloy to get, therefore be often considered as " preparation process " rather than " composition design "
A part.
The spherical aberration correction scanning of very high resolution by being up to 0.08nm to aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy is saturating
The precise and tiny constituency analysis of electron microscope (STEM) is penetrated, obtains various phase structures, the Atomic Resolution established on an atomic scale
It is distributed with chemical element.Confirm wherein there are a series of hardening constituents, including well-known Al-Cu binary metastable phase (GP areas,
θ ＂, θ ＇), new disc phase and balance phase θ (Al2Cu)；Wherein inside matrix grain, a kind of forked (the T+ θ H) group of stick of new discovery
Close phase, the trunk portion T-phase of the combination phase is Al-Cu-Mn ternary phases, molecular structural formula Al20Cu2Mn3, molecule phase character
It is diameter about 100nm, length about 600~1000nm in mandrel shape and its (010) face and alloy matrix aluminum { 010 } face coherence,；
And the apposition growth secondary phase of Al-Cu binary of size larger (thickness about 20nm, being about 50nm) around T-phase, since this is secondary
Mutually compared with Al-Cu metastable phases other in matrix (GP areas, θ ＂, θ ＇ or other disc phases), there is very big difference in structure, it is special
Be not the other Al-Cu metastable phases thickness of thickness ratio much, therefore the present invention be referred to as θ H phases, molecular structural formula AlxCu (x may
Less than 2), being a kind of richness Cu molecules.
On engineer application, the size and state of aluminum alloy solution body crystal grain and the intermetallic for being distributed in crystal boundary
The size and form of object has conclusive influence to the mechanical property of alloy.Coarse plane crystalline substance, dendrite, column crystal etc. are no
Ordered crystal and the coarse brittle property intermetallic compound for being distributed in crystal boundary, can be the good fine structure of alloy and precise and tiny knot
Structure all balances out the obdurability contribution of matrix, because the law of development that these coarse grains are deferred to results from casting mold cavity
Type wall life core, from the unidirectionally extended growth pattern of export-oriented liquid internal, cause the component segregation of alloy, crystallization it is coarse it is unidirectional,
The non-uniform defect of macro property, so as to some common deficiencies as alloy, such as pin hole, stomata, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, thick
The root of big solid solution, high hardness compound, crackle etc..The routine used at present goes bad means and the means of crystal grain thinning, such as
Add aluminium titanium boron or Al-Ti-C master alloy, best effect can only make mean grain size refine to 120~150 microns, and branch
For brilliant form often without basic transformation, this is the important bottleneck problem that alloy mechanical property improves.Because aluminium is closed
For gold, the approach that intensity and toughness improve simultaneously, the only refinement of crystal grain and rounding are obtained；The adjustment of heat treatment process,
In a state that crystalline structure has determined, intensity or toughness can only be made to be optimized on one side.Therefore, it is how further thin
Change the mean grain size with rounding alloy, be the target that industrial circle is pursued always.
According to alloy strengthening theory, the intensity of alloy is that material median surface or dislocation movement by slip are generated by the obstruction of particle
, obstruction is stronger, and the intensity of material is also bigger.And particle hinders the knot that behavior interacts with material median surface or dislocation movement by slip
Fruit, there are two types of：One kind is when particle strong hardness itself is not high enough, and dislocation will cut through particle and continue to slide, and another kind is particle
Intensity is very high, and dislocation can not be cut through, then can only bypass particle and continue to slide, and a circle dislocation ring is left around particle.
The size that two kinds of results contribute the strength of materials is obvious：Particle is cut through to the strength of materials around particle ratio
Contribution it is big；It cuts through particle and is capable of providing the preferable elongation percentage of material, and will be carried due to the humidification of dislocation ring around particle
For the higher yield strength of material and tensile strength.
The agricultural machinery speed reducing machine of ductile iron material is complicated, noise is big, build is larger, dismounting is difficult, is not easy to maintaining.
The speed reducer of aluminum alloy materials can make up the speed reducer shortcoming of ductile iron material very well, but aluminum alloy materials currently on the market exist
Aspect of performance and magnesium iron gap are larger, and in high-speed cruising, oil temperature raising, it is serious usually to will appear gear wear, fever and leakage
The situation of oil, heat resistance are poor.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to：There is provided it is a kind of substitute QT500 agricultural machinery speed reducing machines aluminum alloy materials and its
Preparation method, wherein addition Lewis Acids and Bases pair, effectively to expedite the emergence of critical nucleus (obtaining equiax crystal), make alloy before curing
The best combined structure of molecule object ((T+ θ H) combines phase) is obtained, alloy crystalline state is promoted to optimize, enables aluminum alloy to base material realization
500MPa and higher strength grade, so as to reach the Al-alloy products that production substitutes QT500.
The technical scheme is that：
A kind of aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT500 agricultural machinery speed reducing machines, principal component content is by weight percentage：Zirconium Zr:
0.05~0.10%, manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+
4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases are to total amount 1% × 10-4~2.0%, surplus is aluminium Al.
The alloy grain is equiax crystal.
120 microns of the alloy mean grain size ＜, sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase amount reaches >=1 in alloy grain
A/square micron.
The Lewis Acids and Bases are to the metal carbonyl complex, metal carbides, main group that are formed for metal and ligand binding
One kind of element or more than one mixing.
The metal carbonyl complex that the metal is formed with ligand binding：Two cobalt Co are closed including eight carbonyls2(CO)8。
The metal carbides, including boron carbide B4C。
The Lewis Acids and Bases pair account for Al matrix weight percent, ranging from by element additive amount：B ＜ 0.1%, Mg ＜
0.15%, Ti ＜ 0.08%, Ba ＜ 0.03%, Co2(CO)8＜ 0.05%, B4C ＜ 0.05%.
A kind of preparation method for the aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT500 agricultural machinery speed reducing machines, comprises the steps of：
(1) weight ratio is determined in the range of, element ratio, selecting one group of substance combination in aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases, according to
The alloy total amount prepared is needed, extrapolates the weight of each required material；
(2) aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid are added in into smelting furnace, heat and is kept the temperature at 700 DEG C or more；
(3) manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, zirconium Zr stirring are added in, selected Lewis Acids and Bases is added in combination, stirs evenly；
(4) and then to above-mentioned alloy melt furnace refining is carried out；
(5) slagging-off, standing, sampling analysis alloy composition after refining adjust chemical composition according to analysis result and extremely advise
In fixed deviation range；To 650 DEG C or more, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove for temperature adjustment, online degasification, slagging-off；
(6) it casts：Using model casting.
The model casting, step are as follows：
1. shell is made,
2. shell is dewaxed using steam generator；
3. high-temperature roasting is carried out to shell；
4. melt prepares cast by refining, filtering, degasification, adjustment temperature；
5. aluminium alloy is poured slowly into running channel until full of entire cavity by manual type with casting ladle, natural cooling, vibration takes off
Shell；
6. appearance quality detection：Rough casting should clean out smooth, non-processing face before presentation quality inspection is carried out
Dead head should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；
7. solution treatment：The blank that casting is completed to roughing and inside and outside quality testing is sent into solid solution furnace, carry out 560 DEG C with
Lower solution treatment after the completion of heat preservation quenches, uses water cooling at once；
8. ageing strengthening：The casting for completing solution treatment is sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening processing, below 230 DEG C
Ageing strengthening, after heat preservation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；
9. sampling analysis test verification；
10. practical performance is verified.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：It is pointed by lewis' theory of acids and bases, molecule solution can occur in aluminium alloy melt
Body or " acid-base pair " substance for contributing to (range i.e. less than 1 nanometer) object phase molecule structure optimization in time nano-area, application
It is adjusted in the fine structure of melt nanoscale range, is the most important creative technological means of the present invention.
By using lewis' theory of acids and bases, make in relation to addition and exclusion of the Lewis Acids and Bases to the trace element of carrying,
Molecule disintegration and conversion occurs in aluminium alloy melt environment, to provide abundant disturbance and the activation effect in the hyperfine microcell of melt
Should, reach and expedite the emergence of critical nucleus and largely formed, alloy grain degree is made further to be refined, form more rounding；Increase (T+ θ
H) content of the combination phase in alloy substrate is the mechanism problem of alloy strengthening that the present invention solves.
Complicated ligand compound also has what ordinary matter can not be realized as Lewis Acids and Bases pair to alloy grain refinement
Atom weight in disintegration, acid-base chemical conversion and the superfinishing microcell of molecule can occur in environment as aluminium alloy melt for good result
Structure can also release gaseous state or the ligand of liquid when molecule disintegrates, and it is molten that purification gas discharge is accompanied after series reaction
Body (for example generate CO2、CH4、N2、NH3Or H2S) or enter slag (such as NaCl, KCl, Al (HO)3、Al2O3Or Al4C3),
The metallic atom or ion of middle release, non-metallic atom or ion are all the ultra-fine fine particles of secondary nanophase, there is maximum ratio
Surface area can provide abundant disturbance and activation effect in melt superfinishing microcell, reach and expedite the emergence of critical nucleus largely generation and suppression
The mechanism of the big effect of combinations grain length.By this mechanism, matrix crystalline state is made generally to become equiax crystal, grain size is averagely less than
120 μm, it is average at 50~100 μm that further effect of optimization can reach grain size, this effect, be merely using aluminium titanium boron and
What the conventional grains such as aluminium titanium carbon fining agent and the gas purification technique of routine can not be realized.
Boron carbide B4C C in aluminum melt react the Al4C3 of generation with Al, and Al4C3 particles can reduce becoming for material creep
Gesture improves basis material hardness, reduces the abrasion of reducer gear；And H effects are inhaled with strong, it can effectively remove in melt
Existing atom H, reaction it is as follows：Al4C3+12[H]→4Al+3CH4
Therefore, principal component is designed as by weight percentage：Beryllium Be:0.01~0.02%, manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05
~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05% Lewis Acids and Bases are remaining to total amount 1% × 10-4~2.0%
It measures as aluminium Al.Zirconium Zr energy crystal grain thinnings, and the recrystallization temperature of alloy and the stability of solid solution are improved, so as to improve alloy
Heat resistance, and improve the weldability of alloy and the plasticity of weld seam.
Due to the discovery of (T+ θ H) combination phase, in aluminium alloy strengthening design, it is possible to phase is combined by increasing (T+ θ H),
The matrix strength for enabling aluminum alloy to material obtains big promotion, and stability is well controlled, this be the invention solves engineering
Application problem, i.e. alternate series ductile iron material and product.
In alloy melt, different metal atom or ion it is close, can also generate energy level splitting between them and heat occurs
The pattern of intermetallic compound is chemically reacted and (electronics transfer does not occur) and formed, point of matrix crystalline state is different from due to foring
Minor structure has preferable thermal stability, so it is also suitable lewis' theory of acids and bases.Such as in intermetallic compound molecule
AlxCu and Al20Cu2Mn3In, according to electronegativity size, it is known that Al is easier to lose electronics than Cu, Mn, and therefore, Al is Louis
Alkali, Cu, Mn are lewis acids, AlxCu and Al20Cu2Mn3Louis's " acid-base pair " can be regarded as.It is external in melt when adding in
When Lewis Acids and Bases are to decomposing, intermetallic compound presoma that can be poor with matrix Presence of an interface is obviously also disturbed and activates
And recurring structure rises and falls, and generates more critical nucleus, makes the concentration of (T+ θ H) combination mutually in the alloy and is evenly distributed density,
Make up to 1/[μm]2More than, here it is Lewis Acids and Bases to Asia can be increased in the disturbance of nanoscale and activation effect
Nanoscale particle (T+ θ H) combination mutually and nanoscale particle GP areas, θ ＂, θ ＇ tandem reinforcement phases mechanism.
In addition, since Lewis Acids and Bases are to being capable of providing to foreign peoples's material concentration of alloy melt bigger, increase
The constitutional supercooling degree of melt crystallization process causes nucleus quickly to cross critical dimension under stronger crystallization power, and in supercooling
It is freely nucleated and grows in liquid, being formed has isotropism and shape closer to spherical equi-axed crystal；Due to equiax crystal
It is this because of the free growing endogenetic forming mechanism of liquid internal, change the irregular crystals edge such as plane crystalline substance, dendrite, column crystal
In type wall life core, the unidirectionally extended growth pattern of extroversion liquid internal, therefore avoid or alleviate alloy certainly of casting mold cavity
Component segregation, coarse unidirectional, the non-uniform defect of macro property of crystallization, so that some for effectively avoiding or alleviating alloy are common
Defect, such as pin hole, stomata, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, coarse solid solution, high hardness compound, crackle.
Due to (T+ θ H) combine mutually with Al-Cu binary disperse phase θ ' at different levels, θ ", GPI areas be respectively provided with successively sub-micron grade,
Subnano-class and nano level distortion of lattice effect, as long as if technical solution of the present invention is the quantity of (T+ θ H) combination phase in matrix
It is improved with distribution density, can be achieved with arranging in pairs or groups in terms of size, quantity and distribution with Al-Cu binary disperse phase relatively
Even, compact-sized, then it will generate most strong distortion of lattice stress field (maximum dot matrix mismatch) between each other, while again and base
Body whole coherence or half coherence completely, therefore a three-dimensional elastoplasticity net battle array is formd in entire crystal grain three dimensions, whole
A intra-die produces similar " armored concrete " to the hierarchical reinforced structure of fabric structure humidification (hereinafter referred to as
" class concrete reinforced structure "), substantially improve the mechanical property of alloy；This superlastic modeling equally distributed in the range of crystal particle scale
Property tension structure have and can effectively transfer particle as much as possible and participate in resisting, share and absorbing external impact momentum jointly
The ability of (Dynamic And Static Loads), so as to microcosmic upper with powerful fatigue resistance, macroscopically with high-strength, high-ductility, height hard " three
The feature of height unification ", this " class concrete reinforced structure " is with there was only globular graphite and iron-based body in the spheroidal graphite cast-iron of steel material class
Two kinds of parallel constructions and grain size must change between 15~500 μm can not improve (a side jointly to obtain strong hardness and toughness
Raising premised on reducing the opposing party) matrix characteristics compare, it is clear that have higher engineering application value.
According to lewis' theory of acids and bases, aluminum melt is an electron rich high temperature system, that is, belongs to strong lewis base, served as
After the copper manganese of amount adds in, since the electronegativity of copper manganese is stronger, the more electron cloud of suction makes the alkali of alloy melt to be formed
Property reduce, surface tension increase, be unfavorable for the generation of critical nucleus；After adding in electron rich substance, the acid effect of copper manganese is balanced
Should, the interfacial tension that original nucleus faces reduces, thus the original nucleus for promoting the trunk T-phase of (T+ θ H) combination phase is grown into
Critical nucleus, so as to determine that mutually quantity and distribution density significantly improve in the alloy for (T+ θ H) combination.
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the invention includes 2 parts, and first part is prompting and explanation, and second part is specific implementation
Example.
First part：Prompting and explanation
A kind of preparation method for the aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT500 agricultural machinery speed reducing machines, comprises the steps of：
(1) weight ratio is determined in the range of, element ratio, selecting one group of substance combination in aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases, according to
The alloy total amount prepared is needed, extrapolates the weight of each required material；
(2) aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid are added in into smelting furnace, heat and is kept the temperature at 700 DEG C or more；
(3) manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, zirconium Zr stirring are added in, selected Lewis Acids and Bases is added in combination, stirs evenly；
(4) and then to above-mentioned alloy melt furnace refining is carried out；
(5) slagging-off, standing, sampling analysis alloy composition after refining adjust chemical composition according to analysis result and extremely advise
In fixed deviation range；To 650 DEG C or more, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove for temperature adjustment, online degasification, slagging-off；
(6) it casts：Using model casting.
The model casting, step are as follows：
1. making shell with trade mark K512 abrasive materials, coating → step of stucco → hardening three is repeated, until shell is completely fixed
Type；
2. at 170 DEG C or more dewax using steam generator；
3. carrying out 900 DEG C or more of roasting after the completion of shell dewaxing, heat preservation one is more than hour；
4. melt prepares cast by refining, filtering, degasification, adjustment temperature to 680 DEG C or more；
5. aluminium alloy is poured slowly into running channel until full of entire cavity, then natural cooling is vibrated with casting ladle
Shell pickup；
6. appearance quality detection.Rough casting should clean out smooth, non-processing face before presentation quality inspection is carried out
Dead head should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；
7. internal soundness detects.Section dye penetrant inspection detection or integral fluorescence or X-ray check；
8. solution treatment：The blank that casting is completed to roughing and inside and outside quality testing is sent into solid solution furnace, carry out 560 DEG C with
Under solution treatment, quenched at once after heat preservation, water cooling；
Ageing strengthening：The casting for completing solution treatment is sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening processing, ageing strengthening technique
150~240 DEG C, after heat preservation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；Cast(ing) surface can carry out impeller blasting；
9. sampling analysis test verification：Coupon is cut from the casting after Overheating Treatment, sampling point is selected in blank
Ontology has the position that the appropriate location of allowance, casting ontology are loaded uniform or concentrate, and each sampling point should cut three
Root coupon；
The mechanics property analysis includes tensile strength, yield strength, elongation percentage, hardness, and numerical indication is：Tensile strength
530 ± 30Mpa, 450 ± 30Mpa of yield strength, elongation percentage 5 ± 2%, 160 ± 10HBS of hardness；
10. practical performance is verified：After being machined, being surface-treated and assemble, the practicability of simulation applying working condition is carried out
Experiment can be detected, including selection fatigue test, wear test, reverse overload test or overvoltage test.
Second part：Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of method for the aluminium alloy agricultural machinery speed reducing machine and its model casting for substituting QT500
1st, product parameter：
| Reduction ratio | Operating temperature |
| 48.57~62.15 | - 40 °~40 ° |
2nd, production procedure：With wax → casting wax pattern → shell → dewaxing → Baking → melting → cast → shelling → cleaning processed
→ solid solution → timeliness
3rd, alloy formula weight percent (%)
4th, the mould material trade mark：K512 abrasive materials；
5th, casting wax pattern：Injection wax temperature >=40 DEG C, injection pressure >=0.4MPa, dwell time：>=60s, coolant water temperature >=20
℃；
6th, shell processed：Wax-pattern is immersed in the composite solution of silester or sodium metasilicate, then sprinkle 50~80 mesh zircon sand,
Coal footpath between fields stone, silica crystals etc., are then dried, temperature：>=10 DEG C, humidity：>=30%, it is >=5 hours dry；It holds repeatedly
Three steps of row：Coating → stucco → hardening；
7th, it dewaxes：Use steam generator.Dewax pressure：≤ 0.55MPa, dewaxing temperature：It >=170 DEG C, dewaxes the time：≥
20min；
8th, Baking：Calcination temperature：>=900 DEG C, roasting time：≥60min；
9th, pouring temperature：≥680℃；
10th, it shells：Use bobbing machine；
11st, it is heat-treated：T7 (solid solution plus overaging)；
12nd, product microstructure index：Metallographic structure is equiax crystal, 52~58 μm of mean grain size, in crystal grain (T+ θ H)
Combine phase amount 1~2/[μm]2；
13rd, mechanical performance
Embodiment 2
A kind of method for the aluminium alloy agricultural machinery speed reducing machine and its model casting for substituting QT500
1st, product parameter：
| Reduction ratio | Operating temperature |
| 65.31~78.96 | - 40 °~60 ° |
2nd, production procedure：With wax → casting wax pattern → shell → dewaxing → Baking → melting → cast → shelling → cleaning processed
→ solid solution → timeliness
3rd, alloy formula weight percent (%)
4th, the mould material trade mark：K512 abrasive materials；
5th, casting wax pattern：Injection wax temperature >=40 DEG C, injection pressure >=0.4MPa, dwell time：>=60s, coolant water temperature >=20
℃；
6th, shell processed：Wax-pattern is immersed in the composite solution of silester or sodium metasilicate, then sprinkle 50~80 mesh zircon sand,
Coal footpath between fields stone, silica crystals etc., are then dried, temperature：>=10 DEG C, humidity：>=30%, it is >=5 hours dry；It holds repeatedly
Three steps of row：Coating → stucco → hardening；
7th, it dewaxes：Use steam generator.Dewax pressure：≤ 0.55MPa, dewaxing temperature：It >=170 DEG C, dewaxes the time：≥
20min；
8th, Baking：Calcination temperature：>=900 DEG C, roasting time：≥60min；
9th, pouring temperature：≥680℃；
10th, it shells：Use bobbing machine；
11st, it is heat-treated：T7 (solid solution plus overaging)；
12nd, product microstructure index：Metallographic structure is equiax crystal, 65~78 μm of mean grain size, in crystal grain (T+ θ H)
Combine phase amount 1~2/[μm]2；
13rd, mechanical performance
Embodiment 3
A kind of method for the aluminium alloy agricultural machinery speed reducing machine and its model casting for substituting QT500
1st, product parameter：
| Reduction ratio | Operating temperature |
| 48.57~62.15 | - 40 °~40 ° |
2nd, production procedure：With wax → casting wax pattern → shell → dewaxing → Baking → melting → cast → shelling → cleaning processed
→ solid solution → timeliness
3rd, alloy formula weight percent (%)
4th, the mould material trade mark：K512 abrasive materials；
5th, casting wax pattern：Injection wax temperature >=40 DEG C, injection pressure >=0.4MPa, dwell time：>=60s, coolant water temperature >=20
℃；
6th, shell processed：Wax-pattern is immersed in the composite solution of silester or sodium metasilicate, then sprinkle 50~80 mesh zircon sand,
Coal footpath between fields stone, silica crystals etc., are then dried, temperature：>=10 DEG C, humidity：>=30%, it is >=5 hours dry；It holds repeatedly
Three steps of row：Coating → stucco → hardening；
7th, it dewaxes：Use steam generator.Dewax pressure：≤ 0.55MPa, dewaxing temperature：>=170 DEG C, dewaxing
Time：≥20min；
8th, Baking：Calcination temperature：>=900 DEG C, roasting time：≥60min；
9th, pouring temperature：≥680℃；
10th, it shells：Use bobbing machine；
11st, it is heat-treated：T7 (solid solution plus overaging)；
12nd, product microstructure index：Metallographic structure is equiax crystal, 52~58 μm of mean grain size, in crystal grain (T+ θ H)
Combine phase amount 1~2/[μm]2；
13rd, mechanical performance
Claims (7)
1. a kind of aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT500 agricultural machinery speed reducing machines, it is characterised in that：Principal component content is by weight percentage
Meter：Zirconium Zr:0.05%~0.10%, manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+
4.05%；Surplus is aluminium Al；Additive total amount 1% × 10-4~2.0%, 120 microns of alloy mean grain size ＜, it is sub- in alloy grain
Nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase amount reaches >=1/square micron；The molecular structure of sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase in alloy grain
Formula is (Al20Cu2Mn3+AlxCu), the thickness that wherein x is less than 2, θ H phases is 20nm, a length of 50nm；The additive for metal with
The one of metal carbonyl complex, one or more kinds of mixing in metal carbides or major element that ligand binding forms
One or more of kind and aforesaid compound mix.
2. a kind of aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT500 agricultural machinery speed reducing machines according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Alloy
Crystal grain is equiax crystal.
3. a kind of aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT500 agricultural machinery speed reducing machines according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：It is described
The metal carbonyl complex that forms of metal and ligand binding：Two cobalt Co are closed including eight carbonyls2(CO)8。
4. a kind of aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT500 agricultural machinery speed reducing machines according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：It is described
Metal carbides, including boron carbide B4C。
5. a kind of aluminum alloy materials of replacement QT500 agricultural machinery speed reducing machines according to one of claim 1-4, feature exist
In：The additive accounts for Al matrix weight percent, ranging from by element additive amount：B ＜ 0.1%, Mg ＜ 0.15%, Ti ＜
0.08%, Ba ＜ 0.03%, Co2(CO)8＜ 0.05%, B4C ＜ 0.05%.
6. a kind of preparation method of aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT500 agricultural machinery speed reducing machines as claimed in claim 5, feature exist
In：It comprises the steps of：(1) in the range of aforementioned additive, element ratio, one group of substance combination is selected, determines weight ratio, root
According to the alloy total amount that needs are prepared, the weight of each required material is extrapolated；(2) aluminium ingot or molten aluminum are added in into smelting furnace
Liquid is heated and is kept the temperature at 700 DEG C or more；(3) manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, zirconium Zr stirring are added in, adds in selected additive combination,
It stirs evenly；(4) and then to above-mentioned alloy melt furnace refining is carried out；(5) slagging-off, standing, sampling analysis alloying after refining
It studies point, is adjusted in chemical composition to defined deviation range according to analysis result；To 650 DEG C or more, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove for temperature adjustment,
Online degasification, slagging-off；(6) it casts：Using model casting.
7. a kind of preparation method of aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT500 agricultural machinery speed reducing machines according to claim 6, feature
It is：The model casting, step are as follows：1. making shell, 2. shell is dewaxed using steam generator, 3. shell is carried out
High-temperature roasting, 4. melt is by refining, filtering, degasification, and adjustment temperature preparation cast, 5. manual type casting ladle delays aluminium alloy
It is slow to pour into running channel until full of entire cavity, natural cooling, vibratory decladding, 6. appearance quality detection：Rough casting is outside carrying out
It before appearance quality is examined, should clean out smooth, the dead head in non-processing face should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；7. at solid solution
Reason：The blank that casting is completed to roughing and inside and outside quality testing is sent into solid solution furnace, carries out less than 560 DEG C solution treatment, heat preservation
It quenches at once after the completion, uses water cooling；8. ageing strengthening：The casting for completing solution treatment is sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening
Processing, the ageing strengthening below 230 DEG C, after heat preservation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；9. sampling analysis test verification；10. practical performance is tested
Card.
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