CN105970054B - A kind of aluminum alloy materials and its sand mould casting method substituting magnesium iron QT450 vacuum list pin card hoops - Google Patents
A kind of aluminum alloy materials and its sand mould casting method substituting magnesium iron QT450 vacuum list pin card hoops Download PDFInfo
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- CN105970054B CN105970054B CN201610493337.XA CN201610493337A CN105970054B CN 105970054 B CN105970054 B CN 105970054B CN 201610493337 A CN201610493337 A CN 201610493337A CN 105970054 B CN105970054 B CN 105970054B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting magnesium iron QT450 vacuum list pin card hoops, it is characterised in that：Principal component content is by weight percentage：Cobalt tetracarbonyl anion body Co (CO)4 :0.03%, manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05% or copper 0.5%≤Cu≤3% and Cu >=1.5Mn；Lewis Acids and Bases are to total amount 1% × 10‑4~2.0% or 7.0%~9.0%, it is aluminium Al to make 120 microns of alloy mean grain size ＜, surplus.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminum alloy materials and preparation method thereof substituting magnesium iron QT450 vacuum list pin card hoops.
Background technology
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron (abbreviation magnesium iron) is one of the primary base material in steel industry, is heavily used for making extensively
Make stress complexity, the more demanding part such as intensity, toughness, wearability, such as universal machine, lifting, agricultural, automobile, casting, spinning
It knits, lathe, electric power, petrochemical industry, ship part etc., Main Morphology and type are hydraulic pressure shell, the pump housing, pipeline, valve body, cylinder body, wheel
Hub, shaft member, ball connection, driving member, suspender, hook fastener, conducting element, tumbler etc.；In the automotive industry, the use of steel material
Amount accounts for the 60~70% of Vehicle Materials total amount, and therein 2/3rds or more be magnesium iron class ferroalloy again.
This mechanical performance index and its criteria for classification of magnesium iron can be used as aluminum alloy materials innovative design, raising property
Can to mark basis, can simultaneously serve as the comparison channel " with aluminium for steel ", i.e.,：If aluminium alloy can substitute certain trade mark ball
Iron, then further substitute with the close steel of this trade mark performance, be just enough to lead a kind of trend or fashion in industrial circle.
In the technology upgrading of " with aluminium for steel ", in order to give full play to aluminium alloy with " light " the superior spy of series for representative
Property, it is necessary to so that it is had tremendous development in terms of " strong ", while there cannot be unacceptable manufacturing cost increment, it could significantly
It expands it and uses field.This requires must first make a breakthrough in Al-alloy material design.
It is examined closely from the method for material preparation, since material characteristics are combined by carry the microcosmic object of functionality of this feature
It contributes, therefore the good functional object of acquisition is combined, such as high intensity, high-melting-point, high-ductility, high rigidity, corrosion resistant
Erosion etc. is the final result that various preparation methods are pursued, to, the Design of Chemical Composition of aluminium alloy and its technology of preparing there is
Close internal integrity, this uniformity, in short, being the pass how a kind of atom is combined into required " object phase molecule "
System, the i.e. object of material mutually can regard a kind of molecular structure as.It is formulated the mixed smelting and casting crystalline of element, is fusion casting shape
The major contributing link of material of becoming a useful person phase molecule composite structure, in fusion-casting process, between solid solution crystal grain and the metal of crystal boundary
Compound molecule object mutually determines the crystalline state combination (submicron particles of alloy:10~300 μm or so of scale), subsequent heat treatment
Or flow harden is then to fine structure (micron particles under crystalline state group frame:1~30 μm or so of scale) or even more
Microcosmic precise and tiny structure (Subnano-class or sub-micron grade particle:1 μm of scale 10nm~＜) it is adjusted and perfect, this adjustment
With perfect degree and range, in known technology and traditional concept, it is believed that mainly by the alloy phase residing for alloy composition
The given combined decision of object of graph region, still, alloy phase diagram do not provide the addition of other trace elements and exclude generation
It influences, with less the directiveness for prediction addition and excluding other trace elements and mutually being influenced on object.Use for reference alloy solution chemistry
Theoretical and method improves melt structure, such as the covering of protective film, the addition of slag former, refining agent or alterant, degasification slagging-off
Purification etc., be improve alloy crystalline state combination, fine structure or even more microcosmic precise and tiny structure important technical, but these
Means, due to being to grope accumulation during prepare alloy to get, be often considered as " preparation process " rather than " at
Set up meter separately " part.
On engineer application, the size and state of aluminum alloy solution body crystal grain, and it is distributed in the intermetallic of crystal boundary
The size and form of object has conclusive influence to the mechanical property of alloy.Coarse plane crystalline substance, dendrite, column crystal etc. are no
Ordered crystal and the coarse brittle property intermetallic compound for being distributed in crystal boundary, can be the good fine structure of alloy and precise and tiny knot
Structure all balances out the obdurability contribution of matrix, because the law of development that these coarse grains are deferred to results from casting mold cavity
Type wall gives birth to core, from the unidirectionally extended growth pattern of export-oriented liquid internal, cause the component segregation of alloy, crystallization it is coarse it is unidirectional,
The non-uniform defect of macro property, to some common deficiencies as alloy, such as pin hole, stomata, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, thick
The root of big solid solution, high hardness compound, crackle etc..The means of the routine rotten means and crystal grain thinning that use at present, such as
Add aluminium titanium boron or Al-Ti-C master alloy, best effect can only make mean grain size refine to 120~150 microns, and branch
The often not basic transformation of brilliant form, this is the important bottleneck problem that alloy mechanical property improves.Because being closed to aluminium
For gold, the approach that intensity and toughness improve simultaneously, the only refinement of crystal grain and rounding are obtained；The adjustment of heat treatment process,
In the state that crystalline structure has determined, intensity or toughness can only be made to be optimized on one side.Therefore, how further thin
Change the mean grain size with rounding alloy, is the target that industrial circle is pursued always.
In terms of material design angle, 211Z materials are difficult to overcome the problems, such as there is also some.Micro-analysis is found, is had
Bulky grain has very high titanium Ti and rare earth concentration, as promoting the substance of crystal grain refinement, this phenomenon to show Ti and rare earth
The opposite for needing to solve the problems, such as is moved towards；And in the production process of 211Z alloy-steel castings, also occur and common aluminum alloy
Equally common defect, including pin hole, stomata, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, coarse solid solution, high hardness compound, be mingled with (slag),
Cold shut, cold shot, crackle, rotten defect, solid solution deficiency and burning etc..
These defects, main cause still will start with from the chemical composition of alloy itself and its microcosmic phase structure of formation
It studies, especially the formation mechenism of object phase molecule composite structure is furtherd investigate, can just see clearly essence, and then finds solution
Certainly problem, the effective way of elimination defect.
It is saturating by the spherical aberration correction scanning for being up to the very high resolution of 0.08nm to aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy
The precise and tiny constituency analysis of electron microscope (STEM) is penetrated, various phase structures, the Atomic Resolution established on an atomic scale are obtained
It is distributed with chemical element.Confirm wherein there are a series of hardening constituents, including well-known Al-Cu binary metastable phase (areas GP,
θ ＂, θ ＇), new disc phase and balance phase θ (Al2Cu)；Wherein inside matrix grain, a kind of forked (the T+ θ H) group of stick of new discovery
Phase is closed, the trunk portion T-phase of the combination phase is Al-Cu-Mn ternary phases, molecular structural formula Al20Cu2Mn3, molecule phase character is
Diameter about 100nm, length about 600~1000nm in mandrel shape and its (010) face and alloy matrix aluminum { 010 } face coherence,；And
The apposition growth secondary phase of Al-Cu binary of size larger (thickness about 20nm, being about 50nm) around T-phase, due to the secondary phase
Compared with other Al-Cu metastable phases in matrix (areas GP, θ ＂, θ ＇ or other disc phases), there is very big difference in structure, especially
It is that thickness is much thicker than other Al-Cu metastable phases, therefore the present invention is referred to as θ H phases, molecular structural formula Alx(x may be small by Cu
In 2), being a kind of richness Cu molecules.
According to alloy strengthening theory, the intensity of alloy is that material median surface or dislocation movement by slip are generated by the obstruction of particle
, obstruction is stronger, and the intensity of material is also bigger.And particle hinders the knot that behavior interacts with material median surface or dislocation movement by slip
Fruit, there are two types of：One is when particle strong hardness itself is not high enough, dislocation will cut through particle and continue to slide, and another kind is particle
Intensity is very high, and dislocation can not be cut through, then can only continue to slide around particle, and a circle dislocation ring is left around particle.
The size that two kinds of results contribute the strength of materials is obvious：Particle is cut through to the strength of materials around particle ratio
Contribution it is big；It cuts through particle and is capable of providing the preferable elongation percentage of material, and will be carried due to the humidification of dislocation ring around particle
For the higher yield strength of material and tensile strength.
The intensity of existing aluminium alloy clip is insufficient, can only often apply to the pipeline junction of low pressure water pipe, can not bear
High pressure.And traditional its weight of cast iron clip is excessive, is unfavorable for installing, corrosion resistance is poor, and frequent replace also results in
Greatly waste, but also there are some potential safety problemss.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to：A kind of aluminium alloy material substituting magnesium iron QT450 vacuum list pin card hoops is provided
Material and preparation method thereof, wherein addition Lewis Acids and Bases pair make alloy solidifying effectively to expedite the emergence of critical nucleus (obtaining equiax crystal)
Gu obtaining the best combined structure of molecule object ((T+ θ H) combines phase) before, promotes alloy crystalline state to optimize, enable aluminum alloy to base material
450MPa and higher strength grade are realized, to reach the Al-alloy products that production substitutes magnesium iron QT450 vacuum list pin card hoops.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting magnesium iron QT450 vacuum list pin card hoops, principal component contain
Amount is by weight percentage：Cobalt tetracarbonyl anion body Co (CO)4:0.03%, manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~
0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05% or copper 0.5%≤Cu≤3% and Cu >=1.5Mn；Louis
Acid-base pair total amount 1% × 10-4~2.0% or 7.0%~9.0% makes 120 microns of alloy mean grain size ＜, and surplus is aluminium
Al。
The alloy grain is equiax crystal.
Sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase amount reaches >=1/square micron in the alloy grain.
The Lewis Acids and Bases are to for cation body made of metal and ligand binding, complicated ligand compound, metal sulphur
One or more in cyano complex, hydrogen peroxide adduct, the carbide of metal, main group dvielement, transition group dvielement are mixed
It closes.
Cation body made of the metal and ligand binding：Manganese cation body Mn (CO) is closed including six carbonyls6 +。
The Lewis Acids and Bases pair account for Al matrix weight percent, ranging from by element additive amount：Al2S3＜ 0.3%,
LiH ＜ 0.3%, Cr ＜ 0.1%, Na2[PtCl6] ＜ 0.05%, K2[SiF6] ＜ 0.05%.
A kind of preparation method for the aluminum alloy materials substituting magnesium iron QT450 vacuum list pin card hoops, comprises the steps of：
(1) weight ratio is determined within the scope of, element ratio, selecting one group of substance combination in aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases, according to
The alloy total amount prepared is needed, the weight of each required material is extrapolated；
(2) aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid are added into smelting furnace, heat and is kept the temperature at 700 DEG C or more；
(3) manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, cobalt tetracarbonyl anion body Co (CO) is added4, stir, selected Louis be added
Acid-base pair, or selected Lewis Acids and Bases are added to combination, it stirs evenly；
(4) and then to above-mentioned alloy melt furnace refining is carried out；
(5) slagging-off, standing, sampling analysis alloy composition after refining adjust chemical composition according to analysis result and extremely advise
In fixed deviation range；To 650 DEG C or more, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove for temperature adjustment, online degasification, slagging-off；
(6) it casts：Using sand casting.
The sand casting, steps are as follows：
1. pourable casting after filtering；
2. should preheat sand mo(u)ld before casting, sand core is installed, is blown clean cavity with compressed air；
3. taking artificial cast, dipping aluminium alloy out of stove with casting ladle pours into sand mold mould cast gate by ingate full of type
Chamber；Natural cooling and portion are cold by force；
4. breaking sand mo(u)ld into pieces takes out product, natural cooling, cleaning, sawing riser, polishing overlap；
5. appearance quality detection：Rough casting should clean out smooth, non-processing face before carrying out presentation quality inspection
Dead head should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；
6. internal soundness detects；
7. solution treatment：The blank that casting is completed to roughing and inside and outside quality testing is sent into solid solution furnace, carry out 560 DEG C with
Lower solution treatment quenches after the completion of heat preservation, uses water cooling at once；
8. ageing strengthening：The casting for completing solution treatment is sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening processing, at 230 DEG C or less
Ageing strengthening, after heat preservation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；
9. sampling analysis test verification；
10. practical performance is verified.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：It is pointed by lewis' theory of acids and bases, molecule solution can occur in aluminium alloy melt
Body or " acid-base pair " substance for contributing in time nano-area (range for being less than 1 nanometer) object phase molecule structure optimization, application
It is adjusted in the fine structure of melt nanoscale range, is the most important creative technological means of the present invention.
By using lewis' theory of acids and bases, make addition and exclusion to the trace element of carrying in relation to Lewis Acids and Bases,
Molecule disintegration and conversion occurs in aluminium alloy melt environment, to provide in the hyperfine microcell of melt (0.1nm~10nm scale models
Enclose) abundant disturbance and activation effect, reach and expedite the emergence of critical nucleus and largely formed, alloy grain degree is made further to be refined,
Form more rounding；Optimize very small areas (micron order simultaneously:1~30 μm or so of scale) and (Subnano-class is secondary in precise and tiny region
Micron order particle:1 μm of scale 10nm~＜) object phase molecule composite structure, increase (T+ θ H) combination mutually in alloy substrate
Content is the mechanism problem for the alloy strengthening that the present invention solves.
Cation body made of aforementioned metal of the present invention and ligand binding, complicated ligand compound, super large heteropoly compound,
Metal cyanogen closes object, metal thiocyanogen compound, metal halogen conjunction object, metal halogen ammonate, hydrogen peroxide adduct, transition element metal carbonyl and matches
Close object, due in its lewis' acid structure metallic atom or ion be electron acceptor, be lewis acid, and the non-gold of its ligand
It is electronq donor to belong to atom or atomic group, is lewis base, and entire lewis' acid then constitutes Louis's " acid-base pair ".
For example, cation body Mn (CO)6 +, [Fe (NCS)]2+, [Ni (en)3]2+It is Louis's " acid-base pair ", these substances
In the Mn that can receive electronics pair3+、Fe2+、Ni2+、Co2+、Cr3+、Pt2+、Ag+And Mn2+All it is lewis acid, it is corresponding that electricity is provided
Ligand-CO ,-the NCS ,-en of son pair are lewis bases.
This disintegration and reconstruct being happened in aluminium alloy melt, it is different from common substance dissolving, because：1. under high temperature
Decomposing the incipient bubble that the gaseous material discharged is formed, only there are one molecular size (being less than 1nm, i.e. secondary nanophase), specific surface areas
Maximum has the disturbance ability of extremely strong activity and nanometer range, is in the size range that crystallization critical nucleus is formed, thus
The states such as fluctuation of energy, rise and fall of structure and composition fluctuations of atom rise and fall all with extremely strong in melt superfinishing microcell caused by and
Characteristics of Mutation promotes neighbouring more polyatom across crystallization potential barrier, so a large amount of formation of critical nucleus are particularly conducive to, to gold
The catalysis of compound reaction of formation and alloy structure crystal grain refinement all produce good better than common alterant such as aluminium titanium boron between category
Effect；Positive and negative ion body this disturbance and activation effect in the superfinishing microcell of secondary nanometer range simultaneously is conventional additional purification
What the bubble (diameter is more than 0.5mm) that gas is formed cannot achieve；2. the metallic atom or cation that decompose release have than matching
The specific surface area of body smaller volume and bigger, it is stronger to the disturbance and activation effect of neighboring atom, caused by superfinishing microcell
State fluctuating is more notable, also stronger to intermetallic compound reaction of formation catalysis and alloy substrate tissue Grain Refinement Effect；
It, will not be as common gold 3. division and reconstruct of the acid-base pair in high-temperature fusant enhance dispersion and diffusion velocity of the particle in microcell
Belong to or additive causes clustering like that, and restrained effectively caused by additive alloying component segregation and bulky grain matter
Point aggregation and grow up, this can effectively solve conventional grain fining agent coarsening tendency in crystallization process, such as can prevent
The roughening of titanium Ti and rare-earth phase；4. secondary reaction can also occur for ligand bubble, purification gas is accompanied after a series of variations
Discharge melt (for example generate CO2、CH4、N2、NH3Or H2S) or enter slag (such as Al2O3、Al(HO)3Or Al4C3), it is this net
Change acts on, can be with most stable of solid-state or gaseous material, and the H dissolved in the melt and oxide impurity absorbs and decomposition,
To which its catharsis is more preferable than conventional gas purification mode effect.Here it is positive and negative ion bodies as Lewis Acids and Bases pair
Addition and exclusion, aluminium alloy melt environment occur molecule disintegrate, atom reconstruct in acid-base chemical conversion and superfinishing microcell, to provide
Abundant disturbance in melt superfinishing microcell and activation effect reach and expedite the emergence of critical nucleus largely generation and the inhibition long your writing of crystal grain
With, and realize the mechanism of more preferable clean-up effect.By this mechanism, matrix crystalline state is made generally to become equiax crystal, grain size
Averagely it is less than 120 μm, further effect of optimization can reach grain size and be averaged at 50~100 μm,.This effect is to make merely
It cannot achieve with the gas purification technique of the conventional grains such as aluminium titanium boron and aluminium titanium carbon fining agent and routine.
Complicated ligand compound such as TiOCl2, Na2TiO3, Na2[PtCl6], Na3[AlF6], K2[SiF6], Al2S3,
CuFeS2, Mn (CO)4(NO), Fe (C5H5)2, super large heteropoly compound such as H3[P(Mo3O10)4], metal cyanogen closes object such as K4[Fe
(CN)6], metal thiocyanogen composite ligand such as Tc (NCS)2, metal halogen close object such as CrCl3, metal halogen ammonate such as [Co (NH3)6]
Cl3, hydrogen peroxide adduct such as LiH, NaBH4, transition element metal carbonyl-complexes such as V (CO)5, provide in these material molecules electronics or
- the Cl of electronics pair2、-O3、-Cl6、-F6、-F6、-Al2、-CuFe、-(CO)4(NO)、-(Mo3O10)4、-C5H5、-P、-(CN)6、-
(NCS)2、-Cl3、-[(NH3)6]Cl3、-Li、-H4With-(CO)5Belong to lewis base, and-TiO ,-Ti ,-Pt ,-Al ,-Si ,-
S3、-S2、-Mn、-Fe、-(Mo3O10)4,-Fe ,-Tc ,-Cr ,-Co ,-H ,-B and-V, be the receptor for receiving electronics or electronics pair, belong to
In lewis acid；These molecules are Lewis Acids and Bases pair.
To sum up, Lewis Acids and Bases pair of the present invention can show as variform, including metal is formed with ligand binding
Cation body, complicated ligand compound, super large heteropoly compound, metal cyanogen close object, metal thiocyanogen composite ligand, metal halogen
Close object, metal halogen ammonate, hydrogen peroxide adduct, transition element metal carbonyl-complexes, the boride of metal, the carbide of metal, gold
In the complex chemical compound of the nitride of category or the boron carbon nitrogen of metal, main group dvielement, transition group dvielement, interior transition dvielement
One kind or more than one mixing.
In addition, since Lewis Acids and Bases are to being capable of providing to foreign peoples's material concentration of alloy melt bigger, increase
The constitutional supercooling degree of melt crystallization process causes nucleus quickly to cross critical dimension under stronger crystallization power, and in supercooling
It is freely nucleated and grows in liquid, being formed has isotropism and shape closer to spherical equi-axed crystal；Due to equiax crystal
It is this because of the free growing endogenetic forming mechanism of liquid internal, change the irregular crystals edge such as plane crystalline substance, dendrite, column crystal
In the unidirectionally extended growth pattern of type wall life core, the certainly export-oriented liquid internal of casting mold cavity, therefore avoid or alleviate alloy
Component segregation, coarse unidirectional, the non-uniform defect of macro property of crystallization, so that some for effectively avoiding or alleviating alloy are common
Defect, such as pin hole, stomata, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, coarse solid solution, high hardness compound, crackle.
The present invention is based on to alloy microstructure very high resolution contrast image and precise and tiny constituency structural analysis, it was found that
It is transgranular that there is the hyperfine structures of the forked combination phase of (T+ θ H) stick of sub-micron grade.Compared with each binary of Al-Cu, (T+ θ H)
Combination mutually has many advantages, including：Particle size is big, and anti-dislocation movement by slip face is big；Trunk portion T is that high hard high stable compound is poly-
Rodlike twin made of conjunction can provide strength support around mode using dislocation as alloy；Its secondary θ H attachment is mutually on trunk
It is oblique or perpendicular to T mandrels direction and to surrounding matrix grow simultaneously with matrix coherence, enhance trunk to lattice-site around
The tightening ability of battle array, or, in other words, T mandrels by adhering to thereon to the secondary phases of θ H of surrounding growth, tightening act on to
The matrix space of surrounding is transmitted and diffusion, this effect, and steel in similar building structure is produced to matrix in secondary um region
Invigoration effect (can be described as " class concrete reinforced structure ") of the reinforced net in concrete, makes matrix strength greatly improve.This work
With being flake Al-Cu metastable phases in matrix (areas GP, θ ＂, θ ＇ either other disc phases) or its group if compared from monomer
Close all far from compared to；But in common aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy, due to each binary Al-Cu metastable phases
It is significantly larger than the distribution density that (T+ θ H) combines phase in the distribution density of intrinsic silicon, the effect of (T+ θ H) combination phase is caused to be covered
It covers and is never found.
(T+ θ H) combine phase in θ H but with different positions to much bigger thickness (about 20nm), alloy substrate is produced
Better than the reinforcing contribution with the binary Al-Cu metastable phases in the areas GP, θ ＂, θ ＇ or other disc shapeds existing for free state：θ H in addition to
The tightening of trunk T-phase is acted on peripherad matrix space transmission and diffusion is outer, due to anti-matrix slide surface bigger, therefore to matrix
Humidification bigger；Since direction is more, therefore isotropic uniformity is showed to the invigoration effect of matrix；Due to being not belonging to height
Rigid particle, so can still be supplied to the preferable plasticity and toughness of matrix in such a way that dislocation is cut through；In short, (T+ θ H) combination mutually optimizes
The object phase molecule composite structure of aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy provides being imitated around reinforcing for high Hard Inclusion T-phase for matrix
It should be acted on higher than metastable combined two kinds of the strengthening effects that cut through of free state Al-Cu；So research play it is this excellent comprehensive
Close effect, it is necessary to the emphasis of design of material concern from tradition merely it is metastable to Al-Cu it is combined be transferred out, and concentrate on pair
(T+ θ H) combination phase expedites the emergence of in effect.
Inventive formulation is configured as one of technical way, is to make the crystalline state of alloy combine to realize mean grain size ＜
Under the premise of 120 microns of equiax crystal, can also be achieved inside alloy grain (T+ θ H) combination phase amount 1/[μm]2More than.Cause
This, principal component content is by weight percentage：Cobalt tetracarbonyl anion body Co (CO)4:0.03%, manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:
0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05% or copper 0.5%≤Cu≤3% and Cu >=
1.5Mn；Lewis Acids and Bases keep alloy mean grain size ＜ 120 micro- total amount 1% × 10-4~2.0% or 7.0%~9.0%
Rice, surplus are aluminium Al.
Cobalt tetracarbonyl anion body Co (CO)4, wherein trace additives of the cobalt (Co) as complex alloys are closing
AlCo, Al are formed in gold9Co2Deng 8 kinds of dispersivity High-Temperature Strengthening phases, Co is the micro- of the high strength cast aluminum alloys of complex alloys
Addition element is measured, when it coexists with Mn, forms Al4(CoFeMn) etc. very complicated hardening constituent hinders dislocation, prevents in interdendritic
Grain sliding is effectively improved the room temperature and high temperature (at 400 DEG C) intensity of alloy；(CO)4C reacts the Al generated with Al4C3
It is a kind of ionic crystals of labyrinth, fusing point is up to 2100 DEG C；Metallic atom can be 4,5,6 coordinations in practical structures,
Al-C bond distance exists Between, shortest C-C keys areX-ray research, which is then shown in structure, has single carbon former
Son is with discrete carbanion C4-Form exists；Carbonization alumina particles can reduce the trend of material creep, improve basis material hardness；
H effects are inhaled with strong, can effectively remove the existing atom H in melt, reaction is as follows.
Al4C3+12[H]→4Al+3CH4
It is a kind of efficient Getter materials by reaction as it can be seen that an aluminium carbide molecule can remove 12 H atoms.
Meanwhile Al2O3Synthetic reaction can also occur under melt environment for-C-N systems, generate AlN and Al4C3。
2Al2O3+6C→Al4C3+3CO2↑
Al2O3+5N→2AlN+3NO↑。
Specific implementation mode
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated, and the protection model of the present invention cannot be limited because of embodiment
It encloses.
First part：Prompt and explanation
The sand casting, steps are as follows：
1, moulding using molding sand and Wooden Pattern Making mold, and preheats.
2, it preheats, is more than 100 DEG C of preheatings, in slow cooling to room temperature.
3, aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid are added into smelting furnace for melting, heat and are kept the temperature at 700 DEG C or more；
4, manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu is added in alloying, and selected Lewis Acids and Bases pair are added in stirring, or are added selected
Lewis Acids and Bases to combination, stir evenly；
5 and then above-mentioned alloy melt refined with refining agent in stove；
6, slagging-off, standing, sampling analysis alloy composition after refining adjust chemical composition according to analysis result and extremely provide
Deviation range in；To 650 DEG C or more, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove for temperature adjustment, online degasification, slagging-off；
7, pourable after filtering；Artificial cast or automation cast are taken, aluminium alloy is dipped out of stove with casting ladle and pours into mould
Have cast gate and cavity is full of by ingate；Natural cooling is strong cold；
8, product, natural cooling, cleaning surface molding sand, sawing riser, polishing overlap are taken out in die sinking；
9, appearance quality detection：Rough casting should clean out smooth, non-processing face before carrying out presentation quality inspection
Dead head should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；
10, internal soundness detects；
11, solution treatment：The blank that casting is completed to roughing and inside and outside quality testing is sent into solid solution furnace, carries out 560 DEG C
Following solution treatment quenches after the completion of heat preservation, uses water cooling or oil cooling at once；
12, ageing strengthening：Will complete solution treatment casting be sent into aging furnace carry out ageing strengthening processing, 230 DEG C with
Lower ageing strengthening, after heat preservation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；
Second part：Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of aluminum alloy vacuum list pin card hoop and its sand mould casting method substituting magnesium iron QT450
1, product parameter：
| Diameter (mm) | Operating pressure (MPa) | Weight (kg) | Load (kg) |
| 30~120 | 1.1~1.8 | 6~20 | 300~500 |
2, production procedure：Negative pressure is removed in filling sand molding → overlay film negative pressure → modulus → mould assembling → melting → cast → cooling →
Unpacking pickup → cleaning, sawing → heat treatment；
3, alloy formula weight percent (%)
4, type processed：Allowance >=0.5mm, pattern draft：>=1 °, the curving of castings >=R2；
5, overlay film negative-pressure vacuum degree is >=22.66KPa；
6, pouring temperature：>=690 DEG C, filling time：≤60s；
7, cooling time：≥10min；
8, it is heat-treated：T6 (solid solution adds full artificial aging)；
9, product microstructure index：Metallographic structure is equiax crystal, 80~90 μm of mean grain size, (T+ θ H) group in crystal grain
Close phase amount 5~7/[μm]2；
10, mechanical performance
Embodiment 2
A kind of aluminum alloy vacuum list pin card hoop and its die cast method substituting magnesium iron QT450
1, product parameter：
| Diameter (mm) | Operating pressure (MPa) | Weight (kg) | Load (kg) |
| 40~150 | 1.5~2.5 | 8~25 | 300~500 |
2, production procedure：Melting → degasification → cast → cooling → die sinking pickup → cleaning, sawing → heat treatment；
3, alloy formula weight percent (%)
4, melt cast temperature >=700 DEG C；
5, mold preheating temperature >=250 DEG C；
6, it verts and turns pouring type, filling time≤20s；
7, cooling time：≥110s；
8, it is heat-treated：T6 (solid solution adds full artificial aging)；
9, product microstructure index：Metallographic structure is equiax crystal, 90~115 μm of mean grain size, in crystal grain (T+ θ H)
Combine phase amount 4/[μm]2；
10, mechanical performance
Embodiment 3
A kind of aluminum alloy vacuum list pin card hoop and its sand mould casting method substituting magnesium iron QT450
1, product parameter：
| Diameter (mm) | Operating pressure (MPa) | Weight (kg) | Load (kg) |
| 30~120 | 1.1~1.8 | 6~20 | 300~500 |
2, production procedure：Negative pressure is removed in filling sand molding → overlay film negative pressure → modulus → mould assembling → melting → cast → cooling →
Unpacking pickup → cleaning, sawing → heat treatment；
3, alloy formula weight percent (%)
4, type processed：Allowance >=0.5mm, pattern draft：>=1 °, the curving of castings >=R2；
5, overlay film negative-pressure vacuum degree is >=22.66KPa；
6, pouring temperature：>=690 DEG C, filling time：≤60s；
7, cooling time：≥10min；
8, it is heat-treated：T6 (solid solution adds full artificial aging)；
9, product microstructure index：Metallographic structure is equiax crystal, 80~90 μm of mean grain size, (T+ θ H) group in crystal grain
Close phase amount 4-5/[μm]2；
10, mechanical performance
Claims (6)
1. a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting magnesium iron QT450 vacuum list pin card hoops, it is characterised in that：Principal component content by weight hundred
Divide than meter：Cobalt tetracarbonyl anion body Co (CO)4:0.03%, manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~
8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05% or copper 0.5%≤Cu≤3% and Cu >=1.5Mn；Surplus is aluminium Al；1% × 10- of additive total amount
4~2.0% or 7.0%~9.0%, make 120 microns of alloy mean grain size ＜, sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combines the number of phases in alloy grain
Amount reaches >=1/square micron；The molecular structural formula of sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase is (Al in alloy grain20Cu2Mn3+
AlxCu), the thickness that wherein x is less than 2, θ H phases is 20nm, a length of 50nm；The additive is made of metal and ligand binding
Cation body, Na2[PtCl6]、K2[SiF6], metal thiocyanogen compound, hydrogen peroxide adduct, metal carbide in one kind, or
A kind of one or more of and aforesaid compound in more than one mixing of person or main group dvielement, transition group dvielement mixes.
2. a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting magnesium iron QT450 vacuum list pin card hoops according to claim 1, feature exist
In：Alloy grain is equiax crystal.
3. a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting magnesium iron QT450 vacuum list pin card hoops according to claim 1, feature exist
In：Cation body made of the metal and ligand binding：Manganese cation body Mn (CO) is closed including six carbonyls6 +。
4. a kind of aluminum alloy materials of replacement magnesium iron QT450 vacuum list pin card hoop according to one of claim 1-3, special
Sign is：The additive accounts for Al matrix weight percent, ranging from by element additive amount：Al2S3＜ 0.3%, LiH ＜ 0.3%,
Cr ＜ 0.1%, Na2[PtCl6] ＜ 0.05%, K2[SiF6] ＜ 0.05%.
5. a kind of preparation method of aluminum alloy materials substituting magnesium iron QT450 vacuum list pin card hoops as claimed in claim 4,
It is characterized in that：It comprises the steps of：(1) within the scope of aforementioned additive, element ratio, one group of substance combination is selected, determines weight
Ratio is measured, the alloy total amount prepared as needed extrapolates the weight of each required material；(2) aluminium ingot is added into smelting furnace
Or molten aluminum liquid, it heats and is kept the temperature at 700 DEG C or more；(3) manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, cobalt tetracarbonyl anion body Co is added
(CO)4, selected additive is added in stirring, or selected additive combination is added, and stirs evenly；(4) and then to above-mentioned
Alloy melt carries out furnace refining；(5) slagging-off, standing, sampling analysis alloy composition, adjust according to analysis result after refining
In chemical composition to defined deviation range；To 650 DEG C or more, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove for temperature adjustment, online degasification, slagging-off；(6) it casts：
Using sand casting.
6. a kind of preparation method of aluminum alloy materials substituting magnesium iron QT450 vacuum list pin card hoops according to claim 5,
It is characterized in that：The sand casting, steps are as follows：1. pourable casting after filtering；2. should preheat sand mo(u)ld before casting, install
Upper sand core is blown clean cavity with compressed air；3. taking artificial cast, dipping aluminium alloy out of stove with casting ladle pours into sand mould
Have cast gate and cavity is full of by ingate；Natural cooling and portion are cold by force；4. break sand mo(u)ld taking-up product into pieces, natural cooling,
Cleaning, sawing riser, polishing overlap；5. appearance quality detection：Rough casting should be cleared up dry before carrying out presentation quality inspection
Net smooth, the dead head in non-processing face should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；6. internal soundness detects；7. solution treatment：By casting
The blank for completing roughing and inside and outside quality testing is sent into solid solution furnace, carries out 560 DEG C or less solution treatment, after the completion of heat preservation at once
Quenching, uses water cooling；8. ageing strengthening：The casting for completing solution treatment is sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening processing, 230
DEG C or less ageing strengthening, after heat preservation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；9. sampling analysis test verification；10. practical performance is verified.
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