CN105936998B - A kind of replacement aluminum alloy materials of QT450 automobile turbocharger housings and its sand casting forming method - Google Patents
A kind of replacement aluminum alloy materials of QT450 automobile turbocharger housings and its sand casting forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105936998B CN105936998B CN201610493071.9A CN201610493071A CN105936998B CN 105936998 B CN105936998 B CN 105936998B CN 201610493071 A CN201610493071 A CN 201610493071A CN 105936998 B CN105936998 B CN 105936998B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT450 automobile turbocharger housings, it is characterised in that：Principal component content is by weight percentage：Hexafluoro closes potassium silicate K2 [SiF6]：0.5 1.5%, manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases are to total amount 1% × 10‑4~2.0%, 120 microns of alloy mean grain size ＜, surplus are aluminium Al.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT450 automobile turbocharger housings and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron（Abbreviation magnesium iron）It is one of primary base material in steel industry, is heavily used for making extensively
The more demanding parts such as stress complexity, intensity, toughness, wearability are made, such as universal machine, lifting, agricultural, automobile, casting, spinning
It knits, lathe, electric power, petrochemical industry, ship part etc., Main Morphology and type are hydraulic pressure housing, the pump housing, pipeline, valve body, cylinder body, wheel
Hub, shaft member, ball connection, driving member, suspender, hook fastener, conducting element, tumbler etc..
The manufacture of spheroidal graphite cast-iron production needs to carry out at very high temperatures, corresponding energy consumption is also high, pollution
Greatly, with automotive light weight technology and energy-saving and environment-friendly requirement, there is an urgent need to seek early new substitute for related spheroidal graphite cast-iron product.
In the technology upgrading of " with aluminium for steel ", in order to give full play to aluminium alloy with " light " the superior spy of series for representative
Property, it is necessary to it is first made to have tremendous development in terms of " strong ", while there cannot be unacceptable manufacture cost increase, it could significantly
It expands it and uses field.This requires must first make a breakthrough in Al-alloy material design.
It is examined closely from the method for material preparation, since material characteristics are combined by carry the microcosmic object of functionality of this feature
Contribute what is come, therefore the good functional object of acquisition is combined, such as high intensity, high-melting-point, high-ductility, high rigidity, corrosion resistant
Erosion etc. is the final result that various preparation methods are pursued, so as to, the Design of Chemical Composition of aluminium alloy and its technology of preparing there is
Close internal integrity, this uniformity, in short, being the pass how a kind of atom is combined into required " object phase molecule "
The object of system, i.e. material mutually can regard a kind of molecular structure as.The mixed smelting and casting crystalline of element are formulated, is fusion casting shape
The major contributing link of material of becoming a useful person phase molecule composite structure, in fusion-casting process, between the metal of solid solution crystal grain and crystal boundary
Compound molecule object mutually determines the crystalline state combination (submicron particles of alloy:10~300 μm or so of scale), subsequent heat treatment
Or flow harden is then to fine structure (micron particles under crystalline state group frame:1~30 μm or so of scale) or even more
Microcosmic precise and tiny structure (Subnano-class or sub-micron grade particle:1 μm of scale 10nm~＜) it is adjusted and perfect, this adjustment
With perfect degree and range, in known technology and traditional concept, it is believed that mainly as the alloy phase residing for alloy composition
The combined decision of object that graph region gives, still, alloy phase diagram do not provide the addition of other trace elements and exclude what is generated
It influences, with less prediction addition and the directiveness for excluding other trace elements and mutually being influenced on object.Use for reference alloy solution chemistry
Theoretical and method improves melt structure, such as the covering of protective film, the addition of slag former, refining agent or alterant, degasification slagging-off
Purification etc. is the important technical for improving the combination of alloy crystalline state, fine structure or even more microcosmic precise and tiny structure, but these
Means, due to being to grope accumulation during prepare alloy to get, be often considered as " preparation process " rather than " into
Set up meter separately " part.
On engineer application, the size and state of aluminum alloy solution body crystal grain and the intermetallic for being distributed in crystal boundary
The size and form of object has conclusive influence to the mechanical property of alloy.Coarse plane crystalline substance, dendrite, column crystal etc. are no
Ordered crystal and the coarse brittle property intermetallic compound for being distributed in crystal boundary, can be the good fine structure of alloy and precise and tiny knot
Structure all balances out the obdurability contribution of matrix, because the law of development that these coarse grains are deferred to results from casting mold cavity
Type wall life core, from the unidirectionally extended growth pattern of export-oriented liquid internal, cause the component segregation of alloy, crystallization it is coarse it is unidirectional,
The non-uniform defect of macro property, so as to some common deficiencies as alloy, such as pin hole, stomata, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, thick
The root of big solid solution, high hardness compound, crackle etc..The routine used at present goes bad means and the means of crystal grain thinning, such as
Add aluminium titanium boron or Al-Ti-C master alloy, best effect can only make mean grain size refine to 120~150 microns, and branch
For brilliant form often without basic transformation, this is the important bottleneck problem that alloy mechanical property improves.Because aluminium is closed
For gold, the approach that intensity and toughness improve simultaneously, the only refinement of crystal grain and rounding are obtained；The adjustment of heat treatment process,
In a state that crystalline structure has determined, intensity or toughness can only be made to be optimized on one side.Therefore, it is how further thin
Change the mean grain size with rounding alloy, be the target that industrial circle is pursued always.
In terms of design of material angle, 211Z materials are difficult to overcome the problems, such as there is also some.Micro-analysis is found, is had
Bulky grain has very high titanium Ti and rare earth concentration, and as promoting the substance of crystal grain refinement, this phenomenon shows Ti and rare earth
It has moved towards to need the opposite solved the problems, such as；And in the production process of 211Z alloy-steel castings, also occur and common aluminum alloy
The defects of equally common, including pin hole, stomata, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, coarse solid solution, high hardness compound, be mingled with (slag),
Cold shut, cold shot, crackle, rotten defect, solid solution deficiency and burning etc..
These defects, main cause still will start with from the chemical composition of alloy in itself and its microcosmic phase structure of formation
It studies, especially the formation mechenism of object phase molecule composite structure is furtherd investigate, can just see clearly essence, and then finds solution
Certainly problem, the effective way of elimination defect.
The spherical aberration correction scanning of very high resolution by being up to 0.08nm to aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy is saturating
The precise and tiny constituency analysis of electron microscope (STEM) is penetrated, obtains various phase structures, the Atomic Resolution established on an atomic scale
It is distributed with chemical element.Confirm wherein there are a series of hardening constituents, including well-known Al-Cu binary metastable phase (GP areas,
θ ＂, θ ＇), new disc phase and balance phase θ (Al2Cu)；Wherein inside matrix grain, a kind of forked (the T+ θ H) group of stick of new discovery
Close phase, the trunk portion T-phase of the combination phase is Al-Cu-Mn ternary phases, molecular structural formula Al20Cu2Mn3, molecule phase character is
Diameter about 100nm, length about 600~1000nm are in mandrel shape and { 010 } face coherence of its (010) face and alloy matrix aluminum；And T
The apposition growth secondary phase of Al-Cu binary of size larger (thickness about 20nm, being about 50nm) around phase, due to the secondary phase with
Other Al-Cu metastable phases (GP areas, θ ＂, θ ＇ or other disc phases) are compared in matrix, have very big difference in structure, particularly
The other Al-Cu metastable phases thickness of thickness ratio much, therefore the present invention be referred to as θ H phases, molecular structural formula Alx(x is likely less than Cu
2), it is a kind of richness Cu molecules.
According to alloy strengthening theory, the intensity of alloy is that material median surface or dislocation movement by slip are generated by the obstruction of particle
, obstruction is stronger, and the intensity of material is also bigger.And particle hinders the knot that behavior interacts with material median surface or dislocation movement by slip
Fruit, there are two types of：One kind is when particle strong hardness itself is not high enough, and dislocation will cut through particle and continue to slide, and another kind is particle
Intensity is very high, and dislocation can not be cut through, then can only bypass particle and continue to slide, and a circle dislocation ring is left around particle.
The size that two kinds of results contribute the strength of materials is obvious：Particle is cut through to the strength of materials around particle ratio
Contribution it is big；It cuts through particle and is capable of providing the preferable elongation percentage of material, and will be carried due to the humidification of dislocation ring around particle
For the higher yield strength of material and tensile strength.
Aluminum Alloy Turbine booster also has correlative study at home, because of the limitation of basic material, mechanical property compared with
Low, especially high-temperature heat-resistance performance, the temperature born are less than 300 DEG C, have seriously affected the service life of turbocharger, improved vehicle
Use cost in addition increase security risk.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to：A kind of aluminium alloy for substituting QT450 automobile turbocharger housings is provided
Material and preparation method thereof, wherein addition Lewis Acids and Bases pair, effectively to expedite the emergence of critical nucleus（Obtain equiax crystal）, alloy is made to exist
The best combined structure of molecule object is obtained before solidification（(T+ θ H) combines phase）, alloy crystalline state is promoted to optimize, enables aluminum alloy to base
Material realizes 450MPa and higher strength grade, so as to reach aluminium alloy system of the production for QT450 automobile turbocharger housings
Product.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT450 automobile turbocharger housings, principal component
Content is by weight percentage：Hexafluoro closes potassium silicate K2[SiF6]：0.5-1.5%, manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%,
Copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases are to total amount 1% × 10-4~2.0%, alloy average crystal grain
120 microns of ＜ is spent, surplus is aluminium Al.
The alloy grain is equiax crystal.
Sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase amount reaches >=1/square micron in the alloy grain.
The Lewis Acids and Bases are to the positive and negative ion body, complicated ligand compound, metal that are formed for metal and ligand binding
Cyanogen closes object, transition element metal carbonyl-complexes, main group dvielement, one kind in transition group dvielement or more than one are mixed
It closes.
Cation body, the anion body that the metal is formed with ligand binding：Manganese cation body Mn is closed including six carbonyls
(CO)6 +, the silver-colored anion body [Ag (CN) of dicyan conjunction2]。
The complicated ligand compound includes sodium titanate Na2TiO3.
The Lewis Acids and Bases pair account for Al matrix weight percent, ranging from by element additive amount：Co ＜ 0.01%, Zr ＜
0.15%, Ti ＜ 0.15%, Mn (CO)6 +＜ 0.01%, [Ag (CN)2]＜ 0.01.
A kind of preparation method for the aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT450 automobile turbocharger housings, comprises the steps of：
(1) moulding using molding sand and Wooden Pattern Making mold, and preheats.
(2) weight ratio is determined in the range of, element ratio, selecting one group of substance combination in aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases, according to
The alloy total amount prepared is needed, extrapolates the weight of each required material；
(3) aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid are added in into smelting furnace, heat and is kept the temperature at 700 DEG C or more；
(4) manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu and hexafluoro are added in and closes potassium silicate stirring, adds in selected Lewis Acids and Bases pair, Huo Zhejia
Enter selected Lewis Acids and Bases to combination, stir evenly；
(5) and then to above-mentioned alloy melt furnace refining is carried out；
(6) slagging-off, standing, sampling analysis alloy composition after refining adjust chemical composition according to analysis result and extremely advise
In fixed deviation range；To 650 DEG C or more, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove for temperature adjustment, online degasification, slagging-off；
(7) sand casting refers to inject aluminium alloy in sand mold mould, solidification and crystallization.
A kind of preparation method for the aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT450 automobile turbocharger housings, the sand casting are poured
Note, step are as follows：
It is 1. pourable after filtering；
2. should preheat mold before casting, mold cavity is blown clean with compressed air；
3. taking artificial cast or automation cast, out of stove dip aluminium alloy with casting ladle and pour into mould gate and poured by interior
Road is full of cavity；Natural cooling is strong cold；
4. product, natural cooling, cleaning surface molding sand, sawing riser, polishing overlap are taken out in die sinking；
5. appearance quality detection：Rough casting should clean out smooth, non-processing face before presentation quality inspection is carried out
Dead head should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；
6. internal soundness detects；
7. solution treatment：The blank that casting is completed to roughing and inside and outside quality testing is sent into solid solution furnace, carry out 560 DEG C with
Lower solution treatment after the completion of heat preservation quenches, uses water cooling or oil cooling at once；
8. ageing strengthening：The casting for completing solution treatment is sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening processing, below 230 DEG C
Ageing strengthening, after heat preservation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；
9. sampling analysis test verification；
10. practical performance is verified.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：It is pointed by lewis' theory of acids and bases, molecule solution can occur in aluminium alloy melt
Body or " acid-base pair " substance for contributing to (range i.e. less than 1 nanometer) object phase molecule structure optimization in time nano-area, application
It is adjusted in the fine structure of melt nanoscale range, is the most important creative technological means of the present invention.
By using lewis' theory of acids and bases, make in relation to addition and exclusion of the Lewis Acids and Bases to the trace element of carrying,
Molecule disintegration and conversion occurs in aluminium alloy melt environment, (0.1nm~10nm scale models are provided in the hyperfine microcell of melt
Enclose) abundant disturbance and activation effect, reach and expedite the emergence of critical nucleus and largely formed, alloy grain degree is made further to be refined,
Form more rounding；Optimize very small areas (micron order simultaneously:1~30 μm or so of scale) and (Subnano-class is secondary in precise and tiny region
Micron order particle:1 μm of scale 10nm~＜) object phase molecule composite structure, increase (T+ θ H) combination mutually in alloy substrate
Content is the mechanism problem of alloy strengthening that the present invention solves.
The Lewis Acids and Bases are to the positive and negative ion body, complicated ligand compound, metal that are formed for metal and ligand binding
Cyanogen closes object, transition element metal carbonyl-complexes, main group dvielement, one kind in transition group dvielement or more than one are mixed
It closes.
For example, cation body Mn (CO)6 +, anion body [Ag (CN)2], all it is Louis's " acid-base pair ", these substances
In the Mn that can receive electronics pair3+、Fe2+、Co2+、Ag+And Mn2+All be lewis acid, it is corresponding electronics pair is provided ligand-
CO ,-CN are lewis bases.
Cation body and anion body have ordinary matter can not be real alloy grain refinement as Louis " acid-base pair "
Existing excellent effect, this is because：These gas ions can be stabilized as normal material molecule at normal temperatures, and in aluminium
Molecule occurs in high temperature acid or alkali environment as alloy melt to disintegrate, generates lewis acid and lewis base；Due to being molecule solution
Body, so being a kind of " the falling apart " of the atom composite structure of secondary nanometer range, ligand moiety is come out with gaseous exhaust, is released
The core metal ion come is then reselected with reference to other atoms.
This disintegration and reconstruct being happened in aluminium alloy melt, it is different from common substance dissolving, because：1. under high temperature
Decomposing the incipient bubble that the gaseous material discharged is formed, only there are one molecular size (being less than 1nm, i.e. secondary nanophase), specific surface areas
Maximum has the disturbance ability of extremely strong activity and nanometer range, is in the size range that crystallization critical nucleus is formed, thus
The states such as fluctuation of energy, rise and fall of structure and composition fluctuations of atom rise and fall all with extremely strong in melt superfinishing microcell caused by and
Characteristics of Mutation promotes neighbouring more polyatom across crystallization potential barrier, so a large amount of formation of critical nucleus are particularly conducive to, to gold
The catalysis of compound reaction of formation and alloy structure crystal grain refinement all produce good better than common alterant such as aluminium titanium boron between category
Effect；Positive and negative ion body this disturbance and activation effect in the superfinishing microcell of secondary nanometer range simultaneously is conventional additional purification
What the bubble (diameter is more than 0.5mm) that gas is formed can not be realized；2. the metallic atom or cation that decompose release have than matching
The specific surface area of the smaller volume of body and bigger, it is stronger to the disturbance and activation effect of neighboring atom, caused by superfinishing microcell
State fluctuating is more notable, also stronger to intermetallic compound reaction of formation catalysis and alloy substrate tissue Grain Refinement Effect；
It, will not be as common gold 3. division and reconstruct of the acid-base pair in high-temperature fusant enhance dispersion and diffusion velocity of the particle in microcell
Belong to or additive causes clustering like that, and restrained effectively caused by additive alloying component segregation and bulky grain matter
Point aggregation and grow up, this can effectively solve conventional grain fining agent coarsening tendency in crystallization process, such as can prevent
The roughening of titanium Ti and rare-earth phase；4. secondary reaction can also occur for ligand bubble, purification gas is accompanied after a series of variations
Discharge melt (for example generate CO2、CH4、N2、NH3Or H2S) or enter slag (such as Al2O3、Al(HO)3Or Al4C3), it is this net
Change acts on, can be with most stable of solid-state or gaseous material, and the H dissolved in the melt and oxide impurity absorbs and decomposition,
So as to which its catharsis is more preferable than conventional gas purification mode effect.Here it is positive and negative ion body as Lewis Acids and Bases pair
Addition and exclusion, aluminium alloy melt environment occur molecule disintegrate, atom reconstruct in acid-base chemical conversion and superfinishing microcell, to provide
Abundant disturbance and activation effect in melt superfinishing microcell reach and expedite the emergence of critical nucleus largely generation and the inhibition long your writing of crystal grain
With, and realize the mechanism of more preferable clean-up effect.By this mechanism, matrix crystalline state is made generally to become equiax crystal, grain size
Averagely it is less than 120 μm, it is average at 50~100 μm that further effect of optimization can reach grain size.This effect is to use merely
What the conventional grains such as aluminium titanium boron and aluminium titanium carbon fining agent and the gas purification technique of routine can not be realized.
Complicated ligand compound also has what ordinary matter can not be realized as Lewis Acids and Bases pair to alloy grain refinement
Good result, can be in environment as aluminium alloy melt because their molecular structure is similar with the structure of positive and negative ion body
Atom reconstruct, can also release gaseous state or liquid when molecule disintegrates in the middle disintegration that molecule occurs, acid-base chemical conversion and superfinishing microcell
The ligand of state accompanies purification gas discharge melt after series reaction and (for example generates CO2、CH4、N2、NH3Or H2S) or into
Enter slag (such as NaCl, KCl, Al (HO)3、Al2O3Or Al4C3), wherein the metallic atom or ion that discharge, non-metallic atom or
Ion is all the ultra-fine fine particle of secondary nanophase, has maximum specific surface area, can provide fully disturbing in melt superfinishing microcell
Dynamic and activation effect reaches and expedites the emergence of critical nucleus and largely generation and crystal grain is inhibited to grow up the mechanism of effect.By this mechanism, make
Matrix crystalline state generally becomes equiax crystal, and grain size is averagely less than 120 μm, and further effect of optimization can reach grain size and put down
At 50~100 μm, this effect is the simple gas for using the conventional grains such as aluminium titanium boron and aluminium titanium carbon fining agent and routine
What purification techniques can not be realized.
Lewis Acids and Bases in the disturbance of nanoscale and activation effect to that can increase Subnano-class particle (T+ θ H) combination
Mutually and nanoscale particle GP areas, θ ＂, θ ＇ tandem reinforcement phases mechanism.
To sum up, Lewis Acids and Bases pair of the present invention can show as variform, be formed including metal and ligand binding
Positive and negative ion body, complicated ligand compound, metal cyanogen close object, transition element metal carbonyl-complexes, main group dvielement, mistake
Cross one kind in same clan's element or more than one mixing.
In common aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy, since each binary Al-Cu metastable phases are in point of intrinsic silicon
Cloth density is significantly larger than the distribution density of (T+ θ H) combination phase, and the effect of (T+ θ H) combination phase is caused to be blanked and never quilt
It was found that.
(T+ θ H) combination phase in θ H but with different positions to much bigger thickness, to alloy substrate produce better than with trip
GP areas existing for amorph, θ ＂, θ ＇ or other disc shapeds binary Al-Cu metastable phases reinforcing contribution.
In alloy melt, different metal atom or ion it is close, can also generate energy level splitting between them and heat occurs
The pattern of intermetallic compound is chemically reacted and (electronics transfer does not occur) and formed, point of matrix crystalline state is different from due to foring
Minor structure has preferable thermal stability, so it is also suitable lewis' theory of acids and bases.Such as in intermetallic compound molecule
AlxCu and Al20Cu2Mn3In, according to electronegativity size, it is known that Al is easier to lose electronics than Cu, Mn, and therefore, Al is Louis
Alkali, Cu, Mn are lewis acids, AlxCu and Al20Cu2Mn3Louis's " acid-base pair " can be regarded as.It is external in melt when adding in
When Lewis Acids and Bases are to decomposing, intermetallic compound presoma that can be poor with matrix Presence of an interface is obviously also disturbed and activates
And recurring structure rises and falls, and generates more critical nucleus, makes the concentration of (T+ θ H) combination mutually in the alloy and is evenly distributed density,
Make up to 1/[μm]2More than, here it is Lewis Acids and Bases to Asia can be increased in the disturbance of nanoscale and activation effect
Nanoscale particle (T+ θ H) combination mutually and nanoscale particle GP areas, θ ＂, θ ＇ tandem reinforcement phases mechanism.
In addition, since Lewis Acids and Bases are to being capable of providing to foreign peoples's material concentration of alloy melt bigger, increase
The constitutional supercooling degree of melt crystallization process causes nucleus quickly to cross critical dimension under stronger crystallization power, and in supercooling
It is freely nucleated and grows in liquid, being formed has isotropism and shape closer to spherical equi-axed crystal；Due to equiax crystal
It is this because of the free growing endogenetic forming mechanism of liquid internal, change the irregular crystals edge such as plane crystalline substance, dendrite, column crystal
In type wall life core, the unidirectionally extended growth pattern of extroversion liquid internal, therefore avoid or alleviate alloy certainly of casting mold cavity
Component segregation, coarse unidirectional, the non-uniform defect of macro property of crystallization, so that some for effectively avoiding or alleviating alloy are common
Defect, such as pin hole, stomata, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, coarse solid solution, high hardness compound, crackle.
Due to (T+ θ H) combine mutually with Al-Cu binary disperse phase θ ' at different levels, θ ", GPI areas be respectively provided with successively sub-micron grade,
Subnano-class and nano level distortion of lattice effect, as long as if technical solution of the present invention is the quantity of (T+ θ H) combination phase in matrix
It is improved with distribution density, can be achieved with arranging in pairs or groups in terms of size, quantity and distribution with Al-Cu binary disperse phase relatively
Even, compact-sized, then it will generate most strong distortion of lattice stress field between each other（Maximum dot matrix mismatch）, while again and base
Body whole coherence or half coherence completely, therefore a three-dimensional elastoplasticity net battle array is formd in entire crystal grain three dimensions, whole
A intra-die produces the hierarchical reinforced structure of similar " armored concrete " to fabric structure humidification（Hereinafter referred to as
" class concrete reinforced structure "）, substantially improve the mechanical property of alloy；This superlastic modeling equally distributed in the range of crystal particle scale
Property tension structure have and can effectively transfer particle as much as possible and participate in resisting, share and absorbing external impact momentum jointly
（Dynamic And Static Loads）Ability, so as to it is microcosmic it is upper there is powerful fatigue resistance, macroscopically there is high-strength, high-ductility, high by hard " three
The feature of height unification ", this " class concrete reinforced structure " is with there was only globular graphite and iron-based body in the spheroidal graphite cast-iron of steel material class
Two kinds of parallel constructions and grain size must change between 15~500 μm can not be improved jointly with obtaining strong hardness and toughness（One side
Raising premised on reducing the opposing party）Matrix characteristics compare, it is clear that have higher engineering application value.
According to lewis' theory of acids and bases, aluminum melt is an electron rich high temperature system, that is, belongs to strong lewis base, served as
After the copper manganese of amount adds in, since the electronegativity of copper manganese is stronger, the more electron cloud of suction makes the alkali of alloy melt to be formed
Property reduce, surface tension increase, be unfavorable for the generation of critical nucleus；After adding in electron rich substance, the acid effect of copper manganese is balanced
Should, the interfacial tension that original nucleus faces reduces, thus the original nucleus for promoting the trunk T-phase of (T+ θ H) combination phase is grown into
Critical nucleus, so as to determine that mutually quantity and distribution density significantly improve in the alloy for (T+ θ H) combination.
Inventive formulation is configured as one of technical way, is to combine the crystalline state of alloy to realize mean grain size ＜
Under the premise of 120 microns of equiax crystal, can also be achieved inside alloy grain (T+ θ H) combination phase amount 1/[μm]2More than.Cause
This, principal component content is by weight percentage：Hexafluoro closes potassium silicate K2[SiF6]：0.5-1.5%, manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:
0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases are to total amount 1% × 10-4~2.0%, it closes
Golden 120 microns of mean grain size ＜, surplus are aluminium Al.By adding K2[SiF6], under the reduction of metallic aluminium, K2
[SiF6] decompose, K plays the role of slagging-off as slag former, and F is combined to form HF gases with the H in melt, plays dehydrogenation work
With Si improves the mobility of melt as alloying element, makes product tissue finer and close, and substance is provided for mechanical index
Basis.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated, it is impossible to because embodiment limits the protection model of the present invention
It encloses.
First part：Prompting and explanation
A kind of preparation method for the aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT450 automobile turbocharger housings, comprises the steps of：
(1) moulding using molding sand and Wooden Pattern Making mold, and preheats.
(2) weight ratio is determined in the range of, element ratio, selecting one group of substance combination in aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases, according to
The alloy total amount prepared is needed, extrapolates the weight of each required material；
(3) aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid are added in into smelting furnace, heat and is kept the temperature at 700 DEG C or more；
(4) manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu and hexafluoro are added in and closes potassium silicate stirring, adds in selected Lewis Acids and Bases pair, Huo Zhejia
Enter selected Lewis Acids and Bases to combination, stir evenly；
(5) and then to above-mentioned alloy melt furnace refining is carried out；
(6) slagging-off, standing, sampling analysis alloy composition after refining adjust chemical composition according to analysis result and extremely advise
In fixed deviation range；To 650 DEG C or more, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove for temperature adjustment, online degasification, slagging-off；
(7) sand casting refers to inject aluminium alloy in sand mold mould, solidification and crystallization.
The sand casting, step are as follows：
1st, moulding using molding sand and Wooden Pattern Making mold, and preheats.
2nd, it preheats, more than 100 DEG C preheatings, in slow cooling to room temperature.
3rd, melting adds in aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid into smelting furnace, heats and is kept the temperature at 700 DEG C or more；
4th, alloying, adds in manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, and stirring adds in selected Lewis Acids and Bases pair or adds in selected
Lewis Acids and Bases to combination, stir evenly；
5 and then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out to be refined with refining agent in stove；
6th, slagging-off, standing, sampling analysis alloy composition after refining adjust chemical composition according to analysis result and extremely provide
Deviation range in；To 650 DEG C or more, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove for temperature adjustment, online degasification, slagging-off；
7th, it is pourable after filtering；Artificial cast or automation cast are taken, aluminium alloy is dipped out of stove with casting ladle and pours into mould
Have cast gate and cavity is full of by ingate；Natural cooling is strong cold；
8th, product, natural cooling, cleaning surface molding sand, sawing riser, polishing overlap are taken out in die sinking；
9th, appearance quality detection：Rough casting should clean out smooth, non-processing face before presentation quality inspection is carried out
Dead head should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；
10th, internal soundness detects；
11st, solution treatment：The blank that casting is completed to roughing and inside and outside quality testing is sent into solid solution furnace, carries out 560 DEG C
Following solution treatment after the completion of heat preservation quenches, uses water cooling or oil cooling at once；
12nd, ageing strengthening：Will complete solution treatment casting be sent into aging furnace carry out ageing strengthening processing, 230 DEG C with
Lower ageing strengthening, after heat preservation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；
Second part：Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
1st, a kind of aluminium alloy automobile turbocharger housing material component weight percent of replacement QT450 is：Cu:
6.0%, Mn:1.3%, Cd:0.33%, Co:0.009%, Zr:0.13%, Ti:0.1%, Mn (CO)6 +:0.01, [Ag (CN)2]:
0.01%, K2[SiF6]:1.4%, Na2TiO3：0.04%.
2nd, preparation method：Moulding → preheating → mould assembling → melting → refining → standing → cast → solidification → die sinking → cleaning
→ solid solution → timeliness
（1）, moulding：Allowance ＞ 0.5mm, pattern draft：1 ° of ＞, the curving of castings ＞ R2.
（2）, sand mold preheating：100 DEG C of temperature ＞（Keep the temperature ＞ 1 hour）, warm up and poured into a mould after being cooled to room temperature.
（3）, pouring temperature：690 DEG C of ＞
（4）, filling time：＜ 10s
（5）, setting time：＜ 10min.
（6）, condition of heat treatment：T5- solid solutions plus incomplete artificial aging.
（7）, product microstructure index：Metallographic structure is equiax crystal, 80~120 μm of mean grain size, (T+ θ in crystal grain
H phase amount 4~6/[μm]) is combined2。
（8）, casting mechanical performance：Power resistance strength 470Mpa, yield strength 460Mpa, elongation after fracture 6%, Bu Shi is hard
Degree 150.
Embodiment 2
1st, a kind of aluminium alloy automobile turbocharger housing material component weight percent of replacement QT450 is：Cu:
6.3%, Mn:1.0%, Cd:0.38%, Co:0.01%, Zr:0.09%, Ti:0.11%, Mn (CO)6 +:0.01, [Ag (CN)2]:
0.01%, K2[SiF6]:1.1%。
2nd, specific preparation method is same as Example 1.
3rd, product microstructure index：Metallographic structure is equiax crystal, 75~115 μm of mean grain size, in crystal grain (T+ θ H)
Combine phase amount 5~7/[μm]2。
4th, casting mechanical performance：Power resistance strength 480Mpa, yield strength 455Mpa, elongation after fracture 5%, Brinell hardness
155。
Embodiment 3
1st, a kind of aluminium alloy automobile turbocharger housing material component weight percent of replacement QT450 is：Cu:
5.3%, Mn:1.0%, Cd:0.38%, Mn (CO)6 +:0.01%, K2[SiF6]:0.7%。
2nd, specific preparation method is same as Example 1.
3rd, product microstructure index：Metallographic structure is equiax crystal, 75~115 μm of mean grain size, in crystal grain (T+ θ H)
Combine phase amount 4~5/[μm]2。
4th, casting mechanical performance：Power resistance strength 460Mpa, yield strength 435Mpa, elongation after fracture 5%, Brinell hardness
135。
Claims (7)
1. a kind of aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT450 automobile turbocharger housings, it is characterised in that：Principal component content is by weight
Percentages：Hexafluoro closes potassium silicate K2[SiF6]：0.5-1.5%, manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~
8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%；Surplus is aluminium Al；Additive total amount 1% × 10-4~2.0%, alloy mean grain size ＜ 120
Micron, sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase amount reaches >=1/square micron in alloy grain；Sub-nanometer (T+ θ in alloy grain
H) molecular structural formula of combination phase is (Al20Cu2Mn3+AlxCu), the thickness that wherein x is less than 2, θ H phases is 20nm, a length of 50nm；
The additive is that positive and negative ion body, complicated ligand compound, the metal cyanogen that metal is formed with ligand binding close object, transition member
One kind in one or more kinds of mixing or main group dvielement, transition group dvielement in plain metal carbonyl complex is with before
State the mixing of one or more of compound.
2. a kind of aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT450 automobile turbocharger housings according to claim 1, feature exist
In：Alloy grain is equiax crystal.
3. a kind of aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT450 automobile turbocharger housings according to claim 2, feature exist
In：Cation body, the anion body that the metal is formed with ligand binding：Manganese cation body Mn (CO) is closed including six carbonyls6 +, two
The silver-colored anion body [Ag (CN) 2] of cyanogen conjunction-.
4. a kind of aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT450 automobile turbocharger housings according to claim 2, feature exist
In：The complicated ligand compound includes sodium titanate Na2TiO3。
5. a kind of aluminum alloy materials of replacement QT450 automobile turbocharger housings according to one of claim 1-4,
It is characterized in that：The additive accounts for Al matrix weight percent, ranging from by element additive amount：Co ＜ 0.01%, Zr ＜
0.15%, Ti ＜ 0.15%, Mn (CO)6 +＜ 0.01%, [Ag (CN)2]＜ 0.01.
6. a kind of preparation method of aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT450 automobile turbocharger housings as claimed in claim 5,
It is characterized in that：It comprises the steps of：(1) moulding using molding sand and Wooden Pattern Making mold, and preheats；(2) in aforementioned addition
In the range of agent, element ratio, one group of substance combination is selected, determines weight ratio, the alloy total amount prepared as needed extrapolates institute
The weight of each material needed；(3) aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid are added in into smelting furnace, heat and is kept the temperature at 700 DEG C or more；(4)
It adds in manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu and hexafluoro and closes potassium silicate stirring, add in selected additive or add in selected additive group
It closes, stirs evenly；(5) and then to above-mentioned alloy melt furnace refining is carried out；(6) slagging-off, standing, sampling analysis alloy after refining
Chemical composition is adjusted according to analysis result in chemical composition to defined deviation range；To 650 DEG C or more, aluminium alloy goes out for temperature adjustment
Stove, online degasification, slagging-off；(7) sand casting refers to inject aluminium alloy in sand mold mould, solidification and crystallization.
7. a kind of preparation side of aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT450 automobile turbocharger housings according to claim 5
Method, it is characterised in that：The sand casting cast, step are as follows：It is 1. pourable after filtering；2. mold should be preheated before casting,
Mold cavity is blown clean with compressed air；3. taking artificial cast or automation cast, aluminium alloy is dipped out of stove with casting ladle
It pours into mould gate and cavity is full of by ingate；Natural cooling is strong cold；4. product is taken out in die sinking, natural cooling clears up table
Face molding sand, sawing riser, polishing overlap；5. appearance quality detection：Rough casting should be cleared up before presentation quality inspection is carried out
Clean smooth, the dead head in non-processing face should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；6. internal soundness detects；7. solution treatment：It will casting
Part completes roughing and the blank of inside and outside quality testing is sent into solid solution furnace, carries out less than 560 DEG C solution treatment, vertical after the completion of heat preservation
Quenching is carved, uses water cooling or oil cooling；8. ageing strengthening：The casting for completing solution treatment is sent into aging furnace to carry out at ageing strengthening
Reason, the ageing strengthening below 230 DEG C, after heat preservation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；9. sampling analysis test verification；10. practical performance is tested
Card.
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| CN101805856A (en) * | 2009-09-23 | 2010-08-18 | 贵州华科铝材料工程技术研究有限公司 | Ni-RE high-strength heat-resistance aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN103131879A (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2013-06-05 | 贵州铝厂 | Aluminum alloy metamorphism processing method |
| CN103131919A (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2013-06-05 | 贵州科学院 | High-strength aluminum alloy material formed through metamorphism of salt hexafluorosilicate |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101805856A (en) * | 2009-09-23 | 2010-08-18 | 贵州华科铝材料工程技术研究有限公司 | Ni-RE high-strength heat-resistance aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN103131879A (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2013-06-05 | 贵州铝厂 | Aluminum alloy metamorphism processing method |
| CN103131919A (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2013-06-05 | 贵州科学院 | High-strength aluminum alloy material formed through metamorphism of salt hexafluorosilicate |
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