CN105970010B - A kind of aluminum alloy materials and its gravity casting method substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gears - Google Patents
A kind of aluminum alloy materials and its gravity casting method substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gears Download PDFInfo
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- CN105970010B CN105970010B CN201610495273.7A CN201610495273A CN105970010B CN 105970010 B CN105970010 B CN 105970010B CN 201610495273 A CN201610495273 A CN 201610495273A CN 105970010 B CN105970010 B CN 105970010B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gears, it is characterised in that：Principal component content is by weight percentage：Titanium Ti:0.08~0.25%, manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases are to total amount 1% × 10‑4~2.0%, 120 microns of alloy mean grain size ＜, surplus are aluminium Al.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminum alloy materials and its gravity casting method substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gears.
Background technology
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron (abbreviation magnesium iron) is one of the material of the main utilization in automobile steering device industry, traces it to its cause and just exists
In the low price of magnesium iron, the mechanical property of stabilization and physical index.
The trade mark of magnesium iron 400 defines more stringent accurate chemical composition combination, specification of heat treatment parameter, mechanical property
With physical index etc..It is shown in Table 1.
The corresponding mechanical property of the spheroidal graphite cast-iron trade mark and tissue that 1 GB/T 1348 of table is determined
This mechanical performance index and its criteria for classification of magnesium iron can be used as aluminum alloy materials innovative design, raising property
Can to mark basis；Current automobile market pursues low-carbon, intensive, high efficiency (high-effect), flexibility, is auto manufacturing
The mark crossed over from traditional form to high-end form.
In the technology upgrading of " with aluminium for steel ", in order to give full play to aluminium alloy with " light " the superior spy of series for representative
Property, it is necessary to so that it is had tremendous development in terms of " strong ", while there cannot be unacceptable manufacturing cost increment, it could significantly
It expands it and uses field.This requires must first make a breakthrough in Al-alloy material design.
It is examined closely from the method for material preparation, since material characteristics are combined by carry the microcosmic object of functionality of this feature
It contributes, therefore the good functional object of acquisition is combined, such as high intensity, high-melting-point, high-ductility, high rigidity, corrosion resistant
Erosion etc. is the final result that various preparation methods are pursued, to, the Design of Chemical Composition of aluminium alloy and its technology of preparing there is
Close internal integrity, this uniformity, in short, being the pass how a kind of atom is combined into required " object phase molecule "
System, the i.e. object of material mutually can regard a kind of molecular structure as.It is formulated the mixed smelting and casting crystalline of element, is fusion casting shape
The major contributing link of material of becoming a useful person phase molecule composite structure, in fusion-casting process, between solid solution crystal grain and the metal of crystal boundary
Compound molecule object mutually determines the crystalline state combination (submicron particles of alloy:10~300 μm or so of scale), subsequent heat treatment
Or flow harden is then to fine structure (micron particles under crystalline state group frame:1~30 μm or so of scale) or even more
Microcosmic precise and tiny structure (Subnano-class or sub-micron grade particle:1 μm of scale 10nm~＜) it is adjusted and perfect, this adjustment
With perfect degree and range, in known technology and traditional concept, it is believed that mainly by the alloy phase residing for alloy composition
The given combined decision of object of graph region, still, alloy phase diagram do not provide the addition of other trace elements and exclude generation
It influences, with less the directiveness for prediction addition and excluding other trace elements and mutually being influenced on object.Use for reference alloy solution chemistry
Theoretical and method improves melt structure, such as the covering of protective film, the addition of slag former, refining agent or alterant, degasification slagging-off
Purification etc., be improve alloy crystalline state combination, fine structure or even more microcosmic precise and tiny structure important technical, but these
Means, due to being to grope accumulation during prepare alloy to get, be often considered as " preparation process " rather than " at
Set up meter separately " part.
On engineer application, the size and state of aluminum alloy solution body crystal grain, and it is distributed in the intermetallic of crystal boundary
The size and form of object has conclusive influence to the mechanical property of alloy.Coarse plane crystalline substance, dendrite, column crystal etc. are no
Ordered crystal and the coarse brittle property intermetallic compound for being distributed in crystal boundary, can be the good fine structure of alloy and precise and tiny knot
Structure all balances out the obdurability contribution of matrix, because the law of development that these coarse grains are deferred to results from casting mold cavity
Type wall gives birth to core, from the unidirectionally extended growth pattern of export-oriented liquid internal, cause the component segregation of alloy, crystallization it is coarse it is unidirectional,
The non-uniform defect of macro property, to some common deficiencies as alloy, such as pin hole, stomata, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, thick
The root of big solid solution, high hardness compound, crackle etc..The means of the routine rotten means and crystal grain thinning that use at present, such as
Add aluminium titanium boron or Al-Ti-C master alloy, best effect can only make mean grain size refine to 120~150 microns, and branch
The often not basic transformation of brilliant form, this is the important bottleneck problem that alloy mechanical property improves.Because being closed to aluminium
For gold, the approach that intensity and toughness improve simultaneously, the only refinement of crystal grain and rounding are obtained；The adjustment of heat treatment process,
In the state that crystalline structure has determined, intensity or toughness can only be made to be optimized on one side.Therefore, how further thin
Change the mean grain size with rounding alloy, is the target that industrial circle is pursued always.
In terms of material design angle, 211Z materials are difficult to overcome the problems, such as there is also some.Micro-analysis is found, is had
Bulky grain has very high titanium Ti and rare earth concentration, as promoting the substance of crystal grain refinement, this phenomenon to show Ti and rare earth
The opposite for needing to solve the problems, such as is moved towards；And in the production process of 211Z alloy-steel castings, also occur and common aluminum alloy
Equally common defect, including pin hole, stomata, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, coarse solid solution, high hardness compound, be mingled with (slag),
Cold shut, cold shot, crackle, rotten defect, solid solution deficiency and burning etc..
These defects, main cause still will start with from the chemical composition of alloy itself and its microcosmic phase structure of formation
It studies, especially the formation mechenism of object phase molecule composite structure is furtherd investigate, can just see clearly essence, and then finds solution
Certainly problem, the effective way of elimination defect.
It is saturating by the spherical aberration correction scanning for being up to the very high resolution of 0.08nm to aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy
The precise and tiny constituency analysis of electron microscope (STEM) is penetrated, various phase structures, the Atomic Resolution established on an atomic scale are obtained
It is distributed with chemical element.Confirm wherein there are a series of hardening constituents, including well-known Al-Cu binary metastable phase (areas GP,
θ ＂, θ ＇), new disc phase and balance phase θ (Al2Cu)；Wherein inside matrix grain, a kind of forked (the T+ θ H) group of stick of new discovery
Phase is closed, the trunk portion T-phase of the combination phase is Al-Cu-Mn ternary phases, molecular structural formula Al20Cu2Mn3, molecule phase character is
Diameter about 100nm, length about 600~1000nm are in mandrel shape and { 010 } face coherence in its (010) face and alloy matrix aluminum；And T
The apposition growth secondary phase of Al-Cu binary of size larger (thickness about 20nm, being about 50nm) around phase, due to the secondary phase with
Other Al-Cu metastable phases (areas GP, θ ＂, θ ＇ or other disc phases) are compared in matrix, have very big difference in structure, especially
Thickness is much thicker than other Al-Cu metastable phases, therefore the present invention is referred to as θ H phases, molecular structural formula Alx(x is likely less than Cu
2), it is a kind of richness Cu molecules.
According to alloy strengthening theory, the intensity of alloy is that material median surface or dislocation movement by slip are generated by the obstruction of particle
, obstruction is stronger, and the intensity of material is also bigger.And particle hinders the knot that behavior interacts with material median surface or dislocation movement by slip
Fruit, there are two types of：One is when particle strong hardness itself is not high enough, dislocation will cut through particle and continue to slide, and another kind is particle
Intensity is very high, and dislocation can not be cut through, then can only continue to slide around particle, and a circle dislocation ring is left around particle.
The size that two kinds of results contribute the strength of materials is obvious：Particle is cut through to the strength of materials around particle ratio
Contribution it is big；It cuts through particle and is capable of providing the preferable elongation percentage of material, and will be carried due to the humidification of dislocation ring around particle
For the higher yield strength of material and tensile strength.
Existing aluminum alloy materials steering gear is aluminium silicon systems and aluminum bronze system mostly, aluminium silicon systems (Al-Si) good moldability but strong
Degree, lower hardness, are unable to reach the mechanical property of ductile iron material (QT400), cannot be satisfied vehicle in severe road surface downward driving
Normal direction of rotation is run；And aluminum bronze system (Al-Cu) intensity can reach very high, but very unstable and casting formability is very poor (cannot
With permanent mold casting), yield rate is low to cause manufacturing cost to increase.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to：A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gears are provided
And preparation method thereof, wherein addition Lewis Acids and Bases pair make alloy solidify effectively to expedite the emergence of critical nucleus (obtaining equiax crystal)
The best combined structure of molecule object ((T+ θ H) combines phase) is obtained before, alloy crystalline state is promoted to optimize, and enables aluminum alloy to base material reality
The strength grade of existing 400MPa or more, to reach the Al-alloy products that production substitutes QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gears.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gears, principal component content
By weight percentage：Titanium Ti:0.08~0.25%, manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~
8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases are to total amount 1% × 10-4~2.0%, alloy mean grain size ＜ 120 is micro-
Rice, surplus are aluminium Al.
The alloy grain is equiax crystal.
Sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase amount reaches >=1/square micron in the alloy grain.
The Lewis Acids and Bases for positive and negative ion body made of metal and ligand binding, complicated ligand compound, hydrogen to closing
Object, the carbide of metal, main group dvielement, one kind in interior transition dvielement or more than one mixing.
Cation body, anion body made of the metal and ligand binding：Nickel cation body is closed including triethylenediamine
[Ni(en)3]2+, cobalt tetracarbonyl anion body Co (CO)4.
The complicated ligand compound, including dichloro oxygen titanium TiOCl2, sodium titanate Na2TiO3, beryllium hydride BeH2。
The Lewis Acids and Bases pair account for Al matrix weight percent, ranging from by element additive amount：B ＜ 0.1%, C ＜
0.1%, Be ＜ 0.03%, Li ＜ 0.5%, 0.4% ＜ Si ＜ 2%.
A kind of preparation method for the aluminum alloy materials substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gears, comprises the steps of：
(1) weight ratio is determined within the scope of, element ratio, selecting one group of substance combination in aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases, according to
The alloy total amount prepared is needed, the weight of each required material is extrapolated；
(2) aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid are added into smelting furnace, heat and is kept the temperature at 700 DEG C or more；
(3) manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, titanium Ti is added, selected Lewis Acids and Bases pair are added in stirring, or are added selected
Lewis Acids and Bases stir evenly combination；
(4) and then to above-mentioned alloy melt furnace refining is carried out；
(5) slagging-off, standing, sampling analysis alloy composition after refining adjust chemical composition according to analysis result and extremely advise
In fixed deviation range；To 650 DEG C or more, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove for temperature adjustment, online degasification, slagging-off；Prepare casting before be added titanium Ti into
Row is sufficiently stirred.
(6) it casts：Using gravity casting and pouring.
The gravity casting and pouring, steps are as follows：
1. pourable casting after filtering；
2. should preheat mold before casting, sand core is installed, is blown clean mold cavity with compressed air；
3. taking artificial cast or automation cast, out of stove dips aluminium alloy with casting ladle and pour into mould gate and poured by interior
Road is full of cavity；Natural cooling is strong cold；
4. product, natural cooling, cleaning sand core, sawing riser, polishing overlap are taken out in die sinking；
5. appearance quality detection：Rough casting should clean out smooth, non-processing face before carrying out presentation quality inspection
Dead head should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；
6. internal soundness detects；
7. solution treatment：The blank that casting is completed to roughing and inside and outside quality testing is sent into solid solution furnace, carry out 560 DEG C with
Lower solution treatment quenches after the completion of heat preservation, uses water cooling or oil cooling at once；
8. ageing strengthening：The casting for completing solution treatment is sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening processing, at 230 DEG C or less
Ageing strengthening, after heat preservation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；
9. sampling analysis test verification；
10. practical performance is verified.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：It is pointed by lewis' theory of acids and bases, molecule solution can occur in aluminium alloy melt
Body or " acid-base pair " substance for contributing in time nano-area (range for being less than 1 nanometer) object phase molecule structure optimization, application
It is adjusted in the fine structure of melt nanoscale range, is the most important creative technological means of the present invention.
By using lewis' theory of acids and bases, make addition and exclusion to the trace element of carrying in relation to Lewis Acids and Bases,
Molecule disintegration and conversion occurs in aluminium alloy melt environment, is imitated with providing the abundant disturbance in the hyperfine microcell of melt and activating
It answers, reaches and expedite the emergence of critical nucleus and largely formed, so that alloy grain degree is further refined, form more rounding；Increase (T+ θ
H) content of the combination phase in alloy substrate is the mechanism problem for the alloy strengthening that the present invention solves.
In alloy melt, different metal atom or ion it is close, also will produce energy level splitting between them and heat occur
Chemical reaction (electronics transfer does not occur) and form the pattern of intermetallic compound, point of matrix crystalline state is different from due to foring
Minor structure has preferable thermal stability, so it is also suitable lewis' theory of acids and bases.Such as in intermetallic compound molecule
AlxCu and Al20Cu2Mn3In, according to electronegativity size, it is known that Al ratios Cu, Mn are easier to lose electronics, and therefore, Al is Louis
Alkali, Cu, Mn are lewis acid, AlxCu and Al20Cu2Mn3Louis's " acid-base pair " can be regarded as.It is external in melt when being added
When Lewis Acids and Bases are to decomposing, intermetallic compound presoma that can be poor with matrix Presence of an interface is obviously also disturbed and activates
And recurring structure rises and falls, and generates more critical nucleus, makes the concentration of (T+ θ H) combination mutually in the alloy and is evenly distributed density,
Make up to 1/[μm]2More than, here it is Lewis Acids and Bases to that can increase Asia in the disturbance of nanoscale and activation effect
The mechanism of nanoscale particle (T+ θ H) combination phase and the areas nanoscale particle GP, θ ＂, θ ＇ tandem reinforcement phases.
In addition, since Lewis Acids and Bases are to being capable of providing to foreign peoples's material concentration of alloy melt bigger, increase
The constitutional supercooling degree of melt crystallization process causes nucleus quickly to cross critical dimension under stronger crystallization power, and in supercooling
It is freely nucleated and grows in liquid, being formed has isotropism and shape closer to spherical equi-axed crystal；Due to equiax crystal
It is this because of the free growing endogenetic forming mechanism of liquid internal, change the irregular crystals edge such as plane crystalline substance, dendrite, column crystal
In the unidirectionally extended growth pattern of type wall life core, the certainly export-oriented liquid internal of casting mold cavity, therefore avoid or alleviate alloy
Component segregation, coarse unidirectional, the non-uniform defect of macro property of crystallization, so that some for effectively avoiding or alleviating alloy are common
Defect, such as pin hole, stomata, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, coarse solid solution, high hardness compound, crackle.
Due to (T+ θ H) combination mutually with Al-Cu binary disperse phase θ ' at different levels, θ ", the areas GPI be respectively provided with successively sub-micron grade,
Subnano-class and nano level distortion of lattice effect, as long as if technical solution of the present invention is the quantity of (T+ θ H) combination phase in matrix
It is improved with distribution density, can be achieved with arranging in pairs or groups in terms of size, quantity and distribution with Al-Cu binary disperse phase relatively
Even, compact-sized, then it just will produce most strong distortion of lattice stress field (maximum dot matrix mismatch) between each other, while again and base
Body whole coherence or half coherence completely, therefore a three-dimensional elastoplasticity net battle array is formd in entire crystal grain three dimensions, whole
A intra-die produces similar " armored concrete " to the hierarchical reinforced structure of fabric structure humidification (hereinafter referred to as
" class concrete reinforced structure "), substantially improve the mechanical property of alloy；This superlastic modeling equally distributed within the scope of crystal particle scale
Property tension structure have and can effectively transfer particle as much as possible and participate in resisting, share and absorbing external impact momentum jointly
The ability of (Dynamic And Static Loads), to microcosmic upper with powerful fatigue resistance, macroscopically with high-strength, high-ductility, height hard " three
Height is unified " feature, this " class concrete reinforced structure " and only globular graphite and iron-based body in the spheroidal graphite cast-iron of steel material class
Two kinds of parallel constructions and grain size must change between 15~500 μm can not improve (a side jointly to obtain strong hardness and toughness
Raising premised on reducing another party) matrix characteristics compare, it is clear that have higher engineering application value.
According to lewis' theory of acids and bases, aluminum melt is an electron rich high temperature system, that is, belongs to strong lewis base, served as
After the copper manganese of amount is added, since the electronegativity of copper manganese is stronger, the more electron cloud of suction makes the alkali of alloy melt to be formed
Property reduce, surface tension increase, be unfavorable for the generation of critical nucleus；After electron rich substance is added, the acid effect of copper manganese is balanced
It answers, the interfacial tension that original nucleus faces reduces, thus the original nucleus for promoting the trunk T-phase of (T+ θ H) combination phase is grown into
Critical nucleus, to determine that mutually quantity and distribution density significantly improve in the alloy for (T+ θ H) combination.
Cobalt tetracarbonyl anion body Co (CO)4When being coexisted with Al matrixes Mn, Al is formed4(CoFeMn), complicated hardening constituent
Disperse hinders dislocation, prevents grain sliding, be effectively improved the room temperature and high temperature (at 400 DEG C) intensity of alloy in interdendritic；
Ligand can also occur secondary reaction and generate CO2, purification gas being accompanied after a series of variations, melt being discharged, this purification is made
With dissolving H in the melt and oxide impurity can be absorbed and decomposed with most stable of gaseous state, to its catharsis ratio
Conventional gas purification mode effect is more preferable.Therefore, principal component is designed as by weight percentage：Titanium Ti:0.08~0.25%, manganese
Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases pair
Total amount 1% × 10-4~2.0%, 120 microns of alloy mean grain size ＜, surplus are aluminium Al.Addition titanium Ti can refine as cast condition crystalline substance
Grain, improves the recrystallization temperature of alloy, reduces the decomposition tendency of supersaturated solid solution, improves the tissue stabilization of alloy under high temperature
Property；Ti is added in aluminium and forms Al3Ti generates peritectic reaction with melt and becomes heterogeneous necleus, plays refining effect, make (T+ θ H)
Content >=1/square micron of the combination phase in alloy substrate.
Since (T+ θ H) combines the discovery of phase, in aluminium alloy strengthening design, so that it may to combine phase by increase (T+ θ H),
The matrix strength for enabling aluminum alloy to material obtains big promotion, and stability is well controlled, this be the invention solves engineering
Application problem, i.e. alternate series ductile iron material and product.
Present document relates to aluminum alloy materials can integrate the mechanics and castability of aluminium silicon systems and conventional aluminum bronze based material well
Energy；The mechanical property of the aluminum alloy materials reaches the index of QT400 materials, and casting character protrudes, and finished product rate height (can use
Metallicity is cast).
Present document relates to aluminum alloy materials automobile steering device have the advantages that compared with the steering gear of ductile iron material it is following several：
1. there is the automobile steering device of aluminum alloy materials fabulous cryogenic property, mechanical property to reduce and carry with temperature
Height, during the cold season in low temperature environment, the safety of motor turning is ensured well, and the steering gear of ductile iron material is then
It reduces and gradually occurs from toughness to brittle transformation with temperature, especially in brittle transition temperature hereinafter, its impact value drastically declines,
" low-temperature brittle fracture " even occurs, influences the traffic safety of automobile.
2. aluminum material steering gear specific strength is high, there is good fracture toughness, ductile iron material steering gear to be carried with yield strength
It is high and elongation percentage declines, the sensibility of stress concentration is obviously increased, the smaller i.e. fracture of deflection surrender after is shown as, it is this
" fatigue clear break " person's character is often integrally to collapse the potential hard defects of formula suddenly without sign when the limit is turned in automobile.
4. aluminum material steering gear mitigates about 2/3 compared with ductile iron material own wt, energy consumption and maintenance cost are low, exhaust emissions amount
Less.
5. aluminum material, which recycles, is worth good (the cost only electrolysis that industrial waste alumina recycling reprocessing utilizes of high and reproducibility
The 5% of aluminium), it is better than magnesium iron.
6. the antioxidant anticorrosive of aluminum material itself be significantly larger than magnesium iron and be more suitable for carry out high-tech surface anticorrosion and
Decoration integrated processing.
Specific implementation mode
The specific embodiment of the invention includes 2 parts, and first part is prompt and explanation, and second part is specific implementation
Example.
First part：Prompt and explanation
A kind of preparation method for the aluminum alloy materials substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gears, comprises the steps of：
(1) weight ratio is determined within the scope of, element ratio, selecting one group of substance combination in aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases, according to
The alloy total amount prepared is needed, the weight of each required material is extrapolated；
(2) aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid are added into smelting furnace, heat and is kept the temperature at 700 DEG C or more；
(3) manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, titanium Ti is added, selected Lewis Acids and Bases pair are added in stirring, or are added selected
Lewis Acids and Bases stir evenly combination；
(4) and then to above-mentioned alloy melt furnace refining is carried out；
(5) slagging-off, standing, sampling analysis alloy composition after refining adjust chemical composition according to analysis result and extremely advise
In fixed deviation range；To 650 DEG C or more, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove for temperature adjustment, online degasification, slagging-off；Prepare casting before be added titanium Ti into
Row is sufficiently stirred.
(6) it casts：Using gravity casting and pouring.
The gravitational casting, steps are as follows：
1. pourable casting after melt filtration, casting temperature control can be at 700~730 DEG C；
2. mold should be preheating to 450 DEG C or so before casting, sand core is installed, is dried up mold cavity with compressed air
Only, it prevents field trash from entering alloy and causes waste product；
3. being completed on convertible gravity casting machine, artificial cast, closed die is taken simultaneously casting machine to be made to be turned to certain angle,
Appropriate aluminium alloy is dipped out of stove to pour into mold switching packet, so that casting machine is slowly turned to horizontal position, be turned over casting ladle
Cheng Zhong, aluminium alloy are full of cavity from switching packet by ingate；Natural cooling；
4. product, natural cooling, cleaning sand core, sawing riser, polishing overlap are taken out in die sinking；
5. appearance quality detection.Rough casting should clean out smooth, non-processing face before carrying out presentation quality inspection
Dead head should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；
6. internal soundness detects.Section dye penetrant inspection detection or integral fluorescence or X-ray check；
7. solution treatment.The blank that casting is completed to roughing and inside and outside quality testing is sent into solid solution furnace, carry out 560 DEG C with
Under solution treatment, quenched at once after heat preservation, water cooling；
8. ageing strengthening.The casting for completing solution treatment is sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening processing, ageing strengthening work
150~240 DEG C of skill, after heat preservation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；Cast(ing) surface can carry out impeller blasting.
9. sampling analysis test verification.Coupon is cut from the casting after Overheating Treatment, sampling point is selected in blank
Ontology has the position that the appropriate location of allowance, casting ontology are loaded uniform or concentrate, each sampling point that should cut three
Root coupon；
The mechanics property analysis includes tensile strength, yield strength, elongation percentage, hardness, and numerical indication is：Tensile strength
450 ± 50Mpa, 350 ± 50Mpa of yield strength, elongation percentage 5 ± 2%, 160 ± 10HBS of hardness；
10. practical performance is verified.After mechanical processing, surface treatment and assembly, the practicability of simulation applying working condition is carried out
Experiment, including selection fatigue test, wear test, reverse overload test or overvoltage test can be detected.
Second part：Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of automobile K line aluminium alloys steering gear and its gravity casting method
1, steering gear parameter：
2, production procedure：Melting → degasification → cast → cooling → die sinking pickup → cleaning, sawing → solid solution → timeliness
3, alloy formula
Weight percent (%)
4,700~720 DEG C of melt cast temperature；
5,320~400 DEG C of mold preheating temperature；
6, turn pouring type, 8~12s of filling time；
7, cooling time：240~360s；
8,530~550 DEG C of solid solubility temperature keep the temperature 10 hours, and Putting into water rapidly cools down ＜ 10s, 40~55 DEG C of water temperature；
9,145-175 DEG C of work aging temp keeps the temperature 4 hours, air-cooled.
10, cast microstructure index：Metallographic structure is equiax crystal, and 40 μm of mean grain size, (T+ θ H) is combined in crystal grain
Phase amount 11/[μm]2；
11, casting mechanical performance
。
Embodiment 2
A kind of automobile M line aluminium alloys steering gear and its gravity casting method
1, steering gear parameter：
2, production procedure：Melting → degasification → cast → cooling → die sinking pickup → cleaning, sawing → solid solution → timeliness
3, alloy formula weight percent (%)
4,710~740 DEG C of melt cast temperature；
5,380~450 DEG C of mold preheating temperature；
6, tilt pouring mode, 12~15s of filling time；
7, cooling time：240~400s；
8,560~570 DEG C of solid solubility temperature keep the temperature 8 hours, and Putting into water rapidly cools down ＜ 10s, 40~55 DEG C of water temperature；
9,120-130 DEG C of work aging temp keeps the temperature 6 hours, air-cooled.
10, cast microstructure index：Metallographic structure is equiax crystal, and 45 μm of mean grain size, (T+ θ H) is combined in crystal grain
Phase amount 13/[μm]2；
11, casting mechanical performance
。
Embodiment 3
A kind of automobile M line aluminium alloys steering gear and its gravity casting method
1, steering gear parameter：
2, production procedure：Melting → degasification → cast → cooling → die sinking pickup → cleaning, sawing → solid solution → timeliness
3, alloy formula
Weight percent (%)
4,710~740 DEG C of melt cast temperature；
5,380~450 DEG C of mold preheating temperature；
6, tilt pouring mode, 12~15s of filling time；
7, cooling time：240~400s；
8,560~570 DEG C of solid solubility temperature keep the temperature 8 hours, and Putting into water rapidly cools down ＜ 10s, 40~55 DEG C of water temperature；
9,120-130 DEG C of work aging temp keeps the temperature 6 hours, air-cooled.
10, cast microstructure index：Metallographic structure is equiax crystal, and 45 μm of mean grain size, (T+ θ H) is combined in crystal grain
Phase amount 14/[μm]2；
11, casting mechanical performance
。
Claims (6)
1. a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gears, it is characterised in that：Principal component content percentage by weight
Than meter：Titanium Ti:0.08~0.25%, manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+
4.05%；Surplus is aluminium Al；Additive total amount 1% × 10-4~2.0%, 120 microns of alloy mean grain size ＜, it is sub- in alloy grain
Nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase amount reaches >=1/square micron；The molecular structure of sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase in alloy grain
Formula is (Al20Cu2Mn3+AlxCu), the thickness that wherein x is less than 2, θ H phases is 20nm, a length of 50nm；The additive be metal with
Positive and negative ion body made of ligand binding, complicated ligand compound, hydrogen peroxide adduct, metal carbide in one kind or it is a kind of with
A kind of one or more of and aforesaid compound in upper mixing or main group dvielement, interior transition dvielement mixes；Described answers
Miscellaneous ligand compound is dichloro oxygen titanium TiOCl2, sodium titanate Na2TiO3, beryllium hydride BeH2In one or more kinds of mixing.
2. a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gears according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Alloy grain is equiax crystal.
3. a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gears according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
Cation body, anion body made of the metal and ligand binding：Nickel cation body [Ni (en) is closed including triethylenediamine3
]2+, cobalt tetracarbonyl anion body Co (CO)4。
4. a kind of aluminum alloy materials of replacement QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gears according to one of claim 1-3, feature
It is：The additive accounts for Al matrix weight percent, ranging from by element additive amount：B ＜ 0.1%, C ＜ 0.1%, Be ＜
0.03%, Li ＜ 0.5%, 0.4% ＜ Si ＜ 2%.
5. a kind of preparation method of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gears as claimed in claim 4, special
Sign is：It comprises the steps of：(1) within the scope of aforementioned additive, element ratio, one group of substance combination is selected, determines weight
Than the alloy total amount prepared as needed extrapolates the weight of each required material；(2) into smelting furnace be added aluminium ingot or
Molten aluminum liquid is heated and is kept the temperature at 700 DEG C or more；(3) manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, titanium Ti is added, selected addition is added in stirring
Agent, or selected additive combination is added, it stirs evenly；(4) and then to above-mentioned alloy melt furnace refining is carried out；(5) smart
It removes the gred, stand, sampling analysis alloy composition after refining, chemical composition is adjusted to defined deviation range according to analysis result
It is interior；To 650 DEG C or more, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove for temperature adjustment, online degasification, slagging-off；Addition titanium Ti is sufficiently stirred before preparing casting；
(6) it casts：Using gravity casting and pouring.
6. a kind of preparation method of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gears according to claim 5,
It is characterized in that：The gravity casting and pouring, steps are as follows：1. pourable casting after filtering；2. should preheat mold before casting, pacify
Sand core is loaded onto, is blown clean mold cavity with compressed air；3. taking artificial cast or automation cast, scooped out of stove with casting ladle
It takes aluminium alloy to pour into mould gate and cavity is full of by ingate；Natural cooling is strong cold；4. product is taken out in die sinking, naturally cold
But, sand core, sawing riser, polishing overlap are cleared up；5. appearance quality detection：Rough casting before carrying out presentation quality inspection,
It should clean out smooth, the dead head in non-processing face should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；6. internal soundness detects；7. at solid solution
Reason：The blank that casting is completed to roughing and inside and outside quality testing is sent into solid solution furnace, carries out 560 DEG C or less solution treatment, heat preservation
It quenches at once after the completion, uses water cooling or oil cooling；8. ageing strengthening：When the casting for completing solution treatment is sent into aging furnace progress
Intensive treatment is imitated, in 230 DEG C or less ageing strengthenings, after heat preservation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；9. sampling analysis test verification；10. practical
Performance verification.
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| US20190345588A1 (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2019-11-14 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Methods to increase titanium in aluminum alloys |
| CN109136692B (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2020-12-04 | 河北钢研德凯科技有限公司 | Cast aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN111376664A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-07-07 | 安徽骆氏升泰汽车零部件有限公司 | Novel aluminum alloy automobile swing arm and production method thereof |
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