CN105970010A - Light automobile steering gear aluminum alloy material replacing QT400 and gravity casting method of aluminum alloy material - Google Patents
Light automobile steering gear aluminum alloy material replacing QT400 and gravity casting method of aluminum alloy material Download PDFInfo
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- CN105970010A CN105970010A CN201610495273.7A CN201610495273A CN105970010A CN 105970010 A CN105970010 A CN 105970010A CN 201610495273 A CN201610495273 A CN 201610495273A CN 105970010 A CN105970010 A CN 105970010A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention discloses a light automobile steering gear aluminum alloy material replacing a QT400. The light automobile steering gear aluminum alloy material replacing the QT400 is characterized in that main components comprise, by weight percentage, 0.08%-0.25% of titanium Ti, smaller than or equal to 2% of manganese Mn, 0.05%-0.5% of cadmium Cd, 4.2%-8.0% of copper Cu, 1%x10<-4>-2.0% of Lewis acid-base pairs and the balance aluminum, wherein Cu>=0.8Mn+4.05%, and the alloy mean grain size is smaller than 120 microns.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gear and gravity casting method thereof.
Background technology
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron (abbreviation magnesium iron) is one of material of main utilization in automobile steering device industry, traces it to its cause and just exists
In the low price of magnesium iron, stable mechanical property and physical index.
The trade mark of magnesium iron 400 defines more strict accurate chemical composition combination, specification of heat treatment parameter, mechanical property
With physical index etc..It is shown in Table 1.
Mechanical property that the spheroidal graphite cast-iron trade mark that table 1 GB/T 1348 determines is corresponding and tissue
This mechanical performance index of magnesium iron and criteria for classification thereof, can be as aluminum alloy materials innovative design, raising property
Can to mark basis；Current automobile market pursues low-carbon (LC), intensive, high efficiency (high-effect), motility, is auto manufacturing
The mark crossed over to high-end form from traditional form.
In the technology upgrading of " with aluminum for steel ", in order to give full play to aluminium alloy with " gently " the superior spy of series as representative
Property, it is necessary to first make its aspect in " by force " have tremendous development, can not have unacceptable manufacturing cost increment simultaneously, could significantly
Expand its use field.This just requires first to make a breakthrough in Al-alloy material design.
The method close examination prepared from material, owing to material feature is combined by the functional microcosmic thing that carry this feature
Contribute out, therefore obtain good functional thing combined, such as high intensity, high-melting-point, high-ductility, high rigidity, corrosion resistant
Erosions etc., are the final results of various preparation method pursuit, thus, the Design of Chemical Composition of aluminium alloy also exists with its technology of preparing
Closely internal integrity, this uniformity, in short, be a kind of atom pass of how being combined into required " thing phase molecule "
System, the i.e. thing of material can regard a kind of molecular structure mutually as.The mixed smelting of formula element and casting crystalline, be fusion casting shape
Become the major contributing link of material thing phase molecule combinative structure, in fusion-casting process, between the metal of solid solution crystal grain and crystal boundary
Compound molecule thing determines crystalline state combination (submicron particles: about yardstick 10～300 μm) of alloy, subsequent heat treatment mutually
Or flow harden is then to fine structure under crystalline state group frame (micron particles: about yardstick 1～30 μm) or even more
The precise and tiny structure (Subnano-class or sub-micron grade particle: yardstick 10nm～＜ 1 μm) of microcosmic is adjusted and perfect, this adjustment
With perfect degree and scope, in known technology and traditional view, it is believed that main by the alloy phase residing for alloy composition
The combined decision of thing that graph region is given, but, alloy phase diagram does not provide the interpolation of other trace element and gets rid of generation
Impact, adds with less prediction and gets rid of the directiveness that thing is affected by other trace element mutually.Use for reference alloy solution chemistry
Theoretical and method improves melt structure, the covering of such as protecting film, the interpolation of slag former, refining agent or alterant, and degasification removes the gred
Purify, be to improve the combination of alloy crystalline state, fine structure or even the important technical of the more precise and tiny structure of microcosmic, but these
Means, owing to being to grope accumulation during preparing alloy to get, are therefore often considered as " preparation technology " rather than " become
Set up meter separately " part.
On engineer applied, the size of aluminum alloy solution body crystal grain and state, and it is distributed in the intermetallic of crystal boundary
The size and form of thing, has conclusive impact to the mechanical property of alloy.Thick plane crystalline substance, dendrite, column crystal etc. are no
Ordered crystal and the thick brittle property intermetallic compound being distributed in crystal boundary, it is possible to the fine structure that alloy is good and precise and tiny knot
The obdurability of matrix is contributed and is all balanced out, because the law of development that these coarse grains are deferred to results from casting mold cavity by structure
The raw core of type wall, from the unidirectionally extended growth pattern of export-oriented liquid internal, cause alloy component segregation, crystallize thick unidirectional,
The defect that macro property is uneven, thus become some common deficiencies of alloy, such as pin hole, pore, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, thick
The root of big solid solution, high hardness compound, crackle etc..The routine used at present goes bad the means of means and crystal grain thinning, as
Adding aluminum titanium boron or Al-Ti-C master alloy, best effect can only make mean grain size refine to 120～150 microns, and branch
Brilliant form does not often have basic transformation, and this is the important bottleneck problem that alloy mechanical property improves.Because aluminum is closed
For gold, it is thus achieved that the refinement of the approach that intensity and toughness improve simultaneously, only crystal grain and rounding；The adjustment of Technology for Heating Processing,
At crystalline structure it has been determined that, intensity or one aspect of toughness can only be made to obtain and to optimize.Therefore, the thinnest
Change and the mean grain size of rounding alloy, be the target pursued all the time of industrial circle.
In terms of design of material angle, 211Z material there is also some problems being difficult to overcome.Micro analysis finds, has
Bulky grain has the highest titanium Ti and rare earth concentration, and as the material for promoting crystal grain to refine, this phenomenon shows Ti and rare earth
Move towards to need the opposite of solution problem；And in the production process of 211Z alloy-steel casting, also occur and common aluminum alloy
The most common defect, including pin hole, pore, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, thick solid solution, high hardness compound, be mingled with (slag),
Cold shut, cold shot, crackle, rotten defect, solid solution deficiency and burning etc..
These defects, main cause still to be started with from the microcosmic phase structure of the chemical composition of alloy itself and formation thereof
Study, especially the formation mechenism of thing phase molecule combinative structure is furtherd investigate, just can see clearly essence, and then find solution
Certainly problem, the effective way of elimination defect.
Scan thoroughly by aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy being up to the spherical aberration correction of the very high resolution of 0.08nm
Penetrate ultramicroscope (STEM) precise and tiny constituency to analyze, it is thus achieved that set up various phase structures on an atomic scale, Atomic Resolution
It is distributed with chemical element.Confirm wherein there is a series of hardening constituent, including well-known Al-Cu binary metastable phase (GP district,
θ ＂, θ ＇), new disc phase and balance phase θ (Al2Cu)；Wherein inside matrix grain, new discovery one rod forked (T+ θ H) group
Closing phase, the trunk portion T-phase of this combination phase is Al-Cu-Mn ternary phase, molecular structural formula Al20Cu2Mn3, molecule phase character is
Diameter about 100nm, length about 600～1000nm are { the 010} face coherence in mandrel shape and its (010) face and alloy matrix aluminum；And T
Mutually around apposition growth size is compared with the secondary phase of Al-Cu binary of big (thickness about 20nm, be about 50nm), due to this secondary phase with
In matrix, other Al-Cu metastable phase (GP district, θ ＂, θ ＇ or other disc phase) compares, and structurally has very big difference, particularly
Thickness is thicker much than other Al-Cu metastable phase, and therefore the present invention is referred to as θ H phase, its molecular structural formula Alx(x is likely less than Cu
2), it is a kind of rich Cu molecule.
Theoretical according to alloy strengthening, the intensity of alloy is material median surface or dislocation movement by slip is produced by the obstruction of particle
, hinder the strongest, the intensity of material is the biggest.And particle hinders the knot that behavior interacts with material median surface or dislocation movement by slip
Really, having two kinds: one is when the strong hardness of particle own is not high enough, dislocation will cut through particle and continue sliding, and another kind is particle
Intensity is the highest, and dislocation cannot cut through, then can only walk around particle and continue sliding, and leave a circle dislocation ring around particle.
The size that the strength of materials is contributed by two kinds of results is apparent from: walks around particle ratio and cuts through particle to the strength of materials
Contribution big；Cutting through particle can provide material preferable elongation percentage, and walks around particle due to the potentiation of dislocation ring, will carry
For the higher yield strength of material and tensile strength.
Existing aluminum alloy materials steering gear is aluminum silicon system and aluminum bronze system mostly, aluminum silicon system's (Al-Si) good moldability but strong
Degree, lower hardness, it is impossible to reach the mechanical property of ductile iron material (QT400), travel under severe road surface and cannot meet vehicle
Normal direction of rotation runs；And aluminum bronze system (Al-Cu) intensity can reach the highest, but the most unstable and casting formability is very poor (can not
With permanent mold casting), yield rate is low causes manufacturing cost to increase.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: provide a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gear
And preparation method thereof, wherein add Lewis Acids and Bases pair, effectively to expedite the emergence of critical nucleus (obtaining equiax crystal), make alloy in solidification
Obtain the optimal combined structure of molecule thing ((T+ θ H) combines phase) before, promote alloy crystalline state optimization, enable aluminum alloy to base material real
The strength grade of existing more than 400MPa, thus reach to produce the Al-alloy products substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gear.
The technical scheme is that a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gear, main constituent content
By weight percentage: titanium Ti:0.08～0.25%, manganese Mn :≤2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%～0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%～
8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases is to total amount 1% × 10-4～2.0%, alloy mean grain size ＜ 120 is micro-
Rice, surplus is aluminum Al.
Described alloy grain is equiax crystal.
In described alloy grain, sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase amount reaches >=1/square micron.
The described Lewis Acids and Bases positive and negative ion body to being combined into for metal and part, complicated ligand compound, hydrido
One in thing, the carbide of metal, main group dvielement, interior transition dvielement, or more than one mixing.
Cation body that described metal and part are combined into, anion body: include that triethylenediamine closes nickel cation body
[Ni(en)3]2+, cobalt tetracarbonyl anion body Co (CO)4 -.
Described complicated ligand compound, including dichloro oxygen titanium TiOCl2, sodium titanate Na2TiO3, beryllium hydride BeH2。
Described Lewis Acids and Bases pair, accounts for Al matrix percentage by weight by element addition, and scope is: B ＜ 0.1%, C ＜
0.1%, Be ＜ 0.03%, Li ＜ 0.5%, 0.4% ＜ Si ＜ 2%.
The preparation method of a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gear, comprises the steps of
(1) in the range of aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases is to, element ratio, selected one group of combinations of substances, determine weight ratio, according to
Need the alloy total amount of preparation, extrapolate the weight of every kind of required material；
(2) adding aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid in smelting furnace, heating is also incubated more than 700 DEG C；
(3) addition manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, titanium Ti, stirring, the Lewis Acids and Bases pair that addition is selected, or addition are selected
Lewis Acids and Bases, to combination, stirs；
(4) then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out furnace refining；
(5) remove the gred after refine, stand, sample analysis alloy composition, adjust chemical composition to rule according to analysis result
In fixed deviation range；Homoiothermic is to more than 650 DEG C, and aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, online degasification, slagging-off；Add titanium Ti before preparing casting to enter
Row is sufficiently stirred for.
(6) casting: use gravity casting and pouring.
Described gravity casting and pouring, step is as follows:
1. pourable casting after filtering；
2. mould should be preheated before casting, install core, by compressed air, mold cavity is blown clean；
3. take manually to pour into a mould or automatization's cast, in stove, dip aluminium alloy with casting ladle and pour in mould gate passes through and water
Road is full of die cavity；Natural cooling or the coldest；
4. product, natural cooling, cleaning core, sawing rising head, polishing overlap are taken out in die sinking；
5. appearance quality detection: rough casting, before carrying out presentation quality inspection, should be cleaned out smooth, non-machined surface
Dead head should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；
6. internal soundness detection；
7. solution treatment: foundry goods is completed roughing and inside and outside quality testing blank send into solid solution furnace, carry out 560 DEG C with
Lower solution treatment, quenches after being incubated at once, uses water-cooled or oil cold；
8. ageing strengthening: the foundry goods completing solution treatment is sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening process, below 230 DEG C
Ageing strengthening, after insulation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；
9. sample analysis test checking；
10. Practical Performance checking.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: pointed by lewis' theory of acids and bases, molecule solution can occur in aluminium alloy melt
Body or " acid-base pair " material of (i.e. less than the scope of 1 nanometer) thing phase molecule structure optimization, application in contributing to time nano-area
Fine structure in melt nanoscale scope adjusts, and is the topmost creative technological means of the present invention.
By using lewis' theory of acids and bases, make about Lewis Acids and Bases the interpolation of trace element of carrying and eliminating,
Disintegrate at aluminium alloy melt environment generation molecule and convert, to provide the abundant disturbance in the hyperfine microcell of melt and to activate effect
Should, reach to expedite the emergence of critical nucleus and formed in a large number, make alloy grain degree be refined further, form more rounding；Increase (T+ θ
H) combination content in alloy substrate, is the mechanism problem of the alloy strengthening that the present invention solves.
In alloy melt, different metal atom or ion close, also can produce energy level splitting between them and heat occurs
Chemical reaction (electron transfer does not occur) and form the pattern of intermetallic compound, due to define be different from matrix crystalline state point
Minor structure, has preferable heat stability, so being also suitable lewis' theory of acids and bases.Such as at intermetallic compound molecule
AlxCu and Al20Cu2Mn3In, according to electronegativity size, it is known that Al is easier to lose electronics than Cu, Mn, therefore, Al is Louis
Alkali, Cu, Mn are lewis acids, AlxCu and Al20Cu2Mn3Louis's " acid-base pair " can be regarded as.External when add in melt
Lewis Acids and Bases is to when decomposing, and the intermetallic compound presoma that can differ from matrix Presence of an interface is the most also disturbed and activates
And recurring structure rises and falls, produce more critical nucleus, make (T+ θ H) combination concentration the most in the alloy and be evenly distributed density,
Make up to 1/[μm]2Above, here it is Lewis Acids and Bases can increase Asia to disturbance and the activation effect at nanoscale
Nanoscale particle (T+ θ H) combination phase and nanoscale particle GP district, θ ＂, the mechanism of θ ＇ tandem reinforcement phase.
Further, since foreign peoples's material concentration that Lewis Acids and Bases is bigger to being supplied to alloy melt, therefore increase
The constitutional supercooling degree of melt crystallization process, causes nucleus quickly to cross critical dimension under higher crystallization power, and supercool
Free nucleation and growth in liquid, formed and have isotropism and shape closer to spherical equi-axed crystal；Due to equiax crystal
This because of the free growing endogenetic forming mechanism of liquid internal, change the irregular crystal edge such as plane crystalline substance, dendrite, column crystal
The growth pattern that the raw core of type wall in casting mold cavity, the most export-oriented liquid internal are unidirectionally extended, therefore avoids or alleviates alloy
Component segregation, crystallize thick unidirectional, defect that macro property is uneven, thus it is common to be prevented effectively from or alleviate some of alloy
Defect, such as pin hole, pore, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, thick solid solution, high hardness compound, crackle etc..
Due to (T+ θ H) combination and Al-Cu binary disperse phase θ ' at different levels, θ ", GPI district be respectively provided with successively sub-micron grade,
Subnano-class and nano level distortion of lattice effect, as long as if technical solution of the present invention is the quantity of (T+ θ H) combination phase in matrix
Improve with distribution density, can be achieved with arranging in pairs or groups relative equal in terms of size, quantity and distribution with Al-Cu binary disperse phase
Even, compact conformation, then it will produce the strongest distortion of lattice stress field (maximum dot matrix mismatch) each other, the most again with base
Body overall coherence or half coherence completely, therefore define a three-dimensional elastoplasticity net battle array, whole in whole crystal grain three dimensions
Individual intra-die creates similar " armored concrete " to the hierarchical reinforced structure of fabric structure potentiation (hereinafter referred to as
" class concrete reinforced structure "), substantially improve the mechanical property of alloy；This in the range of crystal particle scale equally distributed superlastic mould
Property tension structure have can effectively transfer particle as much as possible jointly participate in opposing, share and absorb external impact momentum
The ability of (Dynamic And Static Loads), thus there is on microcosmic powerful fatigue resistance, macroscopically there is high-strength, high-ductility, height hard " three
High unified " feature, only globular graphite and iron-based body in this " class concrete reinforced structure " and the spheroidal graphite cast-iron of ferrous materials class
Two kinds of parallel constructions and grain size must change to obtain strong hardness between 15～500 μm can not improve (a side jointly with toughness
Raising to reduce premised on the opposing party) matrix characteristics compare, it is clear that there is higher engineer applied and be worth.
According to lewis' theory of acids and bases, aluminum melt is an electron rich high temperature system, i.e. belongs to strong lewis base, has served as
After the copper manganese of amount adds, owing to the electronegativity of copper manganese is relatively strong, the more electron cloud of suction, make the alkali of the alloy melt of formation
Property reduce, surface tension increase, be unfavorable for the generation of critical nucleus；After adding electron rich material, balance the acid effect of copper manganese
Should, the interfacial tension that original nucleus faces reduces, thus the original nucleus promoting the trunk T-phase of (T+ θ H) combination phase is grown into
Critical nucleus, thus quantity and distribution density significantly improve in the alloy mutually to determine (T+ θ H) combination.
Cobalt tetracarbonyl anion body Co (CO)4 -When coexisting with Al matrix Mn, form Al4(CoFeMn), complicated hardening constituent
Disperse, in interdendritic, hinders dislocation, stops grain sliding, be effectively improved room temperature and high temperature (at the 400 DEG C) intensity of alloy；
Part can also occur secondary reaction to generate CO2, after a series of changes, retinue purifies gas and discharges melt, and this purification is made
With and decomposing H and the oxide impurity absorption dissolved in the melt with most stable of gaseous state, thus its purification ratio
Conventional gas purification mode effect is more preferable.Therefore, main constituent is designed as by weight percentage: titanium Ti:0.08～0.25%, manganese
Mn :≤2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%～0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%～8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases pair
Total amount 1% × 10-4～2.0%, alloy mean grain size ＜ 120 microns, surplus is aluminum Al.Add titanium Ti and can refine as cast condition crystalline substance
Grain, puies forward heavy alloyed recrystallization temperature, reduces the decomposition tendency of supersaturated solid solution, improves the tissue stabilization of alloy under high temperature
Property；Ti adds formation Al in aluminum3Ti, produces peritectic reaction with melt and becomes heterogeneous necleus, plays refining effect, makes (T+ θ H)
Combination content >=1/square micron in alloy substrate.
Due to the discovery of (T+ θ H) combination phase, when aluminium alloy strengthening design, it is possible to by increasing (T+ θ H) combination phase,
The matrix strength enabling aluminum alloy to material obtains big lifting, and stability is well controlled, and this is the engineering that the invention solves the problems that
Application problem, i.e. alternate series ductile iron material and goods.
The aluminum alloy materials that present document relates to can the well mechanics of comprehensive aluminum silicon system and conventional aluminum bronze based material and castability
Energy；The mechanical property of this aluminum alloy materials reaches the index of QT400 material, and casting character highlights, and finished product rate height (can use
Metallicity casts).
The aluminum alloy materials automobile steering device that present document relates to has following several advantage compared with the steering gear of ductile iron material:
1. the automobile steering device of aluminum alloy materials has fabulous cryogenic property, and its mechanical property reduces with temperature and carries
Height, in cold season and low temperature environment, the safety of motor turning is well ensured, the steering gear of ductile iron material is then
Reducing with temperature and gradually occur by toughness to the transformation of fragility, especially below brittle transition temperature, its impact value drastically declines,
Even there is " low-temperature brittle fracture ", affect the traffic safety of automobile.
2. aluminum steering gear specific strength is high, has good fracture toughness, and ductile iron material steering gear carries with yield strength
High and elongation percentage declines, the sensitivity that counter stress is concentrated substantially increases, and after showing as surrendering, deflection is less i.e. ruptures, this
" fatigue clear break " person's character is often in automobile potential hard defects without sign overall collapse formula suddenly when the limit turns to.
4. aluminum steering gear relatively ductile iron material own wt alleviates about 2/3, and energy consumption and maintenance cost are low, exhaust emissions amount
Less.
5. aluminum recycles and is worth high and reproducibility is good that (industrial waste alumina reclaims the cost only electrolysis that reprocessing utilizes
The 5% of aluminum), it is better than magnesium iron.
6. the antioxidant anticorrosive of aluminum itself significantly larger than magnesium iron and being more suitable for carry out high-tech surface anticorrosion and
Decoration integrated process.
Detailed description of the invention
The specific embodiment of the invention includes 2 parts, and Part I is prompting and explanation, and Part II is for being embodied as
Example.
Part I: point out and illustrate
The preparation method of a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gear, comprises the steps of
(1) in the range of aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases is to, element ratio, selected one group of combinations of substances, determine weight ratio, according to
Need the alloy total amount of preparation, extrapolate the weight of every kind of required material；
(2) adding aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid in smelting furnace, heating is also incubated more than 700 DEG C；
(3) addition manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, titanium Ti, stirring, the Lewis Acids and Bases pair that addition is selected, or addition are selected
Lewis Acids and Bases, to combination, stirs；
(4) then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out furnace refining；
(5) remove the gred after refine, stand, sample analysis alloy composition, adjust chemical composition to rule according to analysis result
In fixed deviation range；Homoiothermic is to more than 650 DEG C, and aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, online degasification, slagging-off；Add titanium Ti before preparing casting to enter
Row is sufficiently stirred for.
(6) casting: use gravity casting and pouring.
Described gravitational casting, step is as follows:
1. pourable casting after melt filtration, casting temperature controls can be at 700～730 DEG C；
2. mould should be preheating to about 450 DEG C before casting, install core, by compressed air, mold cavity is dried up
Only, prevent field trash from entering alloy and cause waste product；
3. completing on convertible gravity casting machine, take manually to pour into a mould, closed die also makes casting machine be turned to certain angle,
In stove, dip appropriate aluminium alloy with casting ladle to pour in mould switching bag, make casting machine slowly be turned to horizontal level, be turned over
Cheng Zhong, aluminium alloy is full of die cavity from switching bag by ingate；Natural cooling；
4. product, natural cooling, cleaning core, sawing rising head, polishing overlap are taken out in die sinking；
5. appearance quality detection.Rough casting, before carrying out presentation quality inspection, should be cleaned out smooth, non-machined surface
Dead head should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；
6. internal soundness detection.Section dye penetrant inspection detection or integral fluorescence or X-ray check；
7. solution treatment.Foundry goods is completed roughing and inside and outside quality testing blank send into solid solution furnace, carry out 560 DEG C with
Under solution treatment, quench at once after insulation, water-cooled；
8. ageing strengthening.The foundry goods completing solution treatment is sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening process, ageing strengthening work
Skill 150～240 DEG C, after insulation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；Cast(ing) surface can carry out impeller blasting.
9. sample analysis test checking.Cutting coupon from the foundry goods after Overheating Treatment, sampling point is selected in blank
Body has the position that the appropriate location of allowance, foundry goods body are loaded uniform or concentrate, and each sampling point should cut three
Root coupon；
Described mechanics property analysis includes tensile strength, yield strength, elongation percentage, hardness, and numerical indication is: tensile strength
450 ± 50Mpa, yield strength 350 ± 50Mpa, elongation percentage 5 ± 2%, hardness 160 ± 10HBS；
10. Practical Performance checking.Processed and after assembling by machining, surface, be simulated the practicality of applying working condition
Can detection test, including selecting fatigue test, wear test, reverse overload test or overvoltage test.
Part II: specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of automobile K line aluminium alloy steering gear and gravity casting method thereof
1, steering gear parameter:
2, production procedure: melting → degasification → cast → cooling → die sinking pickup → cleaning, sawing → solid solution → timeliness
3, alloy formula
Percentage by weight (%)
4, melt cast temperature 700～720 DEG C；
5, mold preheating temperature 320～400 DEG C；
6, pouring type is turned, filling time 8～12s；
7, cool time: 240～360s；
8, solid solubility temperature 530～550 DEG C, are incubated 10 hours, Putting into water rapidly cooling ＜ 10s, water temperature 40～55 DEG C；
9, work aging temp 145-175 DEG C, is incubated 4 hours, air cooling.
10, cast microstructure index: metallographic structure is equiax crystal, mean grain size 40 μm, (T+ θ H) combination in crystal grain
Phase amount 11/[μm]2；
11, foundry goods mechanical performance
Embodiment 2
A kind of automobile M line aluminium alloy steering gear and gravity casting method thereof
1, steering gear parameter:
2, production procedure: melting → degasification → cast → cooling → die sinking pickup → cleaning, sawing → solid solution → timeliness
3, alloy formula percentage by weight (%)
4, melt cast temperature 710～740 DEG C；
5, mold preheating temperature 380～450 DEG C；
6, tilt pouring mode, filling time 12～15s；
7, cool time: 240～400s；
8, solid solubility temperature 560～570 DEG C, are incubated 8 hours, Putting into water rapidly cooling ＜ 10s, water temperature 40～55 DEG C；
9, work aging temp 120-130 DEG C, is incubated 6 hours, air cooling.
10, cast microstructure index: metallographic structure is equiax crystal, mean grain size 45 μm, (T+ θ H) combination in crystal grain
Phase amount 13/[μm]2；
11, foundry goods mechanical performance
Embodiment 3
A kind of automobile M line aluminium alloy steering gear and gravity casting method thereof
1, steering gear parameter:
2, production procedure: melting → degasification → cast → cooling → die sinking pickup → cleaning, sawing → solid solution → timeliness
3, alloy formula
Percentage by weight (%)
4, melt cast temperature 710～740 DEG C；
5, mold preheating temperature 380～450 DEG C；
6, tilt pouring mode, filling time 12～15s；
7, cool time: 240～400s；
8, solid solubility temperature 560～570 DEG C, are incubated 8 hours, Putting into water rapidly cooling ＜ 10s, water temperature 40～55 DEG C；
9, work aging temp 120-130 DEG C, is incubated 6 hours, air cooling.
10, cast microstructure index: metallographic structure is equiax crystal, mean grain size 45 μm, (T+ θ H) combination in crystal grain
Phase amount 14/[μm]2；
11, foundry goods mechanical performance
Claims (9)
1. the aluminum alloy materials substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gear, it is characterised in that: main constituent content percentage by weight
Than meter: titanium Ti:0.08～0.25%, manganese Mn :≤2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%～0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%～8.0% and Cu >=
0.8Mn+4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases is to total amount 1% × 10-4～2.0%, alloy mean grain size ＜ 120 microns, surplus is aluminum
Al。
A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gear the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Alloy grain is equiax crystal.
A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gear the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In alloy grain, sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase amount reaches >=1/square micron.
A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gear the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The described Lewis Acids and Bases positive and negative ion body to being combined into for metal and part, complicated ligand compound, hydrogen peroxide adduct, metal
Carbide, main group dvielement, one in interior transition dvielement, or more than one mixing.
A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gear the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:
Cation body that described metal and part are combined into, anion body: include that triethylenediamine closes nickel cation body [Ni (en)3
]2+, cobalt tetracarbonyl anion body Co (CO)4 -。
A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gear the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:
Described complicated ligand compound, including dichloro oxygen titanium TiOCl2, sodium titanate Na2TiO3, beryllium hydride BeH2。
7. according to a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gear one of claim 1-6 Suo Shu, its feature
Being: described Lewis Acids and Bases pair, accounting for Al matrix percentage by weight by element addition, scope is: B ＜ 0.1%, C ＜
0.1%, Be ＜ 0.03%, Li ＜ 0.5%, 0.4% ＜ Si ＜ 2%.
The preparation method of a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gear the most as claimed in claim 7, it is special
Levy and be: comprise the steps of
(1) in the range of aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases is to, element ratio, selected one group of combinations of substances, determine weight ratio, as required
The alloy total amount of preparation, extrapolates the weight of every kind of required material；
(2) adding aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid in smelting furnace, heating is also incubated more than 700 DEG C；
(3) manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, titanium Ti are added, stirring, add selected Lewis Acids and Bases pair, or add selected Louis
This acid-base pair combines, and stirs；
(4) then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out furnace refining；
(5) remove the gred after refine, stand, sample analysis alloy composition, adjust chemical composition to regulation according to analysis result
In deviation range；Homoiothermic is to more than 650 DEG C, and aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, online degasification, slagging-off；Add titanium Ti before preparing casting to fill
Divide stirring.
(6) casting: use gravity casting and pouring.
The preparation method of a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT400 light-duty vehicle steering gear the most according to claim 8, its
Being characterised by: described gravity casting and pouring, step is as follows:
1. pourable casting after filtering；
2. mould should be preheated before casting, install core, by compressed air, mold cavity is blown clean；
3. take manually to pour into a mould or automatization's cast, in stove, dip aluminium alloy with casting ladle and pour mould gate into and filled by ingate
Full die cavity；Natural cooling or the coldest；
4. product, natural cooling, cleaning core, sawing rising head, polishing overlap are taken out in die sinking；
5. appearance quality detection: rough casting, before carrying out presentation quality inspection, should be cleaned out smooth, watering of non-machined surface
Rising head should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；
6. internal soundness detection；
7. solution treatment: solid solution furnace sent into by the blank that foundry goods completes roughing and inside and outside quality testing, carries out less than 560 DEG C admittedly
Molten process, quenches after being incubated at once, uses water-cooled or oil cold；
8. ageing strengthening: the foundry goods completing solution treatment is sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening process, timeliness below 230 DEG C
Strengthening, after insulation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；
9. sample analysis test checking；
10. Practical Performance checking.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN109136692A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-01-04 | 河北钢研德凯科技有限公司 | Cast aluminium alloy gold and preparation method thereof |
| CN110468307A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2019-11-19 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Increase the method for Titanium In Aluminum Alloy |
| CN111376664A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-07-07 | 安徽骆氏升泰汽车零部件有限公司 | Novel aluminum alloy automobile swing arm and production method thereof |
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