CN105936996B - A kind of aluminum alloy materials and its liquid forging forming method substituting QT500 automotive hub - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention disclose it is a kind of substitute QT500 automotive hub aluminum alloy materials, it is characterised in that: principal component content by weight percentage: cobalt tetracarbonyl anion body Co (CO)₄: 0.005-0.02%, manganese Mn :≤2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases are aluminium Al to total amount 1% × 10-4~2.0%, 120 microns of alloy mean grain size <, surplus.

Description

It is a kind of substitute QT500 automotive hub aluminum alloy materials and its liquid forging molding Method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of aluminum alloy materials and preparation method thereof for substituting QT500 automotive hub.

Background technique

Aluminium alloy wheel hub has become the direction of industry development, vapour in automobile or engineering truck field instead of magnesium iron or steel wheel hub Vehicle aluminium alloy wheel hub has been popularized.But also in the starting stage, foreign countries have been formed engineering aluminum alloy wheel hub in the field Scale is not find the basic material that can satisfy requirement and mating manufacturing technology also with regard to its reason.

Engineering truck aluminium alloy wheel hub relies on import at present, and the production line of introduction is to use forging technology, which has manufacture The at high cost, deficiencies such as stock utilization is low, production efficiency is low, limitation reflectal wheel are pushed away heavy-load automobile and engineering truck Extensively.

By chinese national standard " the tough casting aluminium alloy ingots of heat-resistance high-strength " (GB/T 29434-2012) and its correspond to Patent ZL2009103061769 introduce, the tough cast aluminium alloy gold of 211Z heat-resistance high-strength because with " four high three is good " feature it is (i.e. high By force, high-ductility, high hard, high temperature resistant, while good casting property, processing performance are good, good cycle) and enter aluminum material world neck It is first horizontal.

But in terms of material design angle, 211Z material is difficult to overcome the problems, such as there is also some.Micro-analysis discovery, There are some bulky grains to have very high titanium Ti and rare earth concentration, as the substance for being used to promote crystal grain refinement, this phenomenon shows Ti The opposite for needing to solve the problems, such as has been moved towards with rare earth, one；And in the production process of 211Z alloy-steel casting, also occur with it is general The equally common defect of logical aluminium alloy, including pin hole, stomata, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, coarse solid solution, high hardness compound, It is mingled with that (slag), cold shut, cold shot, crackle, rotten defect, solid solution is insufficient and burning etc..

These defects, main cause still will start with from the chemical component of alloy itself and its microcosmic phase structure of formation It studies, especially the formation mechenism of object phase molecule composite structure is furtherd investigate, can just see clearly essence, and then finds solution Certainly problem, the effective way of elimination defect.

It is saturating by the spherical aberration correction scanning for being up to the very high resolution of 0.08nm to aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy The precise and tiny constituency analysis of electron microscope (STEM) is penetrated, various phase structures, the Atomic Resolution established on an atomic scale are obtained It is distributed with chemical element.Confirm wherein there are a series of hardening constituents, including well-known Al-Cu binary metastable phase (area GP, θ ＂, θ '), new disc phase and balance phase θ (Al₂Cu)；Wherein inside matrix grain, a kind of forked (the T+ θ H) group of stick of new discovery Phase is closed, the trunk portion T-phase of the combination phase is Al-Cu-Mn ternary phase, molecular structural formula Al₂₀Cu₂Mn₃, molecule phase character is Diameter about 100nm, length about 600~1000nm are in mandrel shape and { 010 } face coherence in its (010) face and alloy matrix aluminum, and two； And the apposition growth secondary phase of Al-Cu binary of size larger (thickness about 20nm, being about 50nm) around T-phase, three and six, due to The secondary phase has very big compared with Al-Cu metastable phases other in matrix (area GP, θ ＂, θ ' or other disc phases) in structure Difference, especially thickness are much thicker than other Al-Cu metastable phases, therefore the present invention is referred to as θ H phase, molecular structural formula Al_xCu (x is likely less than 2) is a kind of richness Cu molecule.

According to alloy strengthening theory, the intensity of alloy is that material median surface or dislocation movement by slip are generated by the obstruction of particle , obstruction is stronger, and the intensity of material is also bigger.And the knot that particle hinders behavior and material median surface or dislocation movement by slip to interact Fruit, there are two types of: one is when particle strong hardness itself is not high enough, dislocation will cut through particle and continue to slide, and another kind is particle Intensity is very high, and dislocation can not be cut through, then can only continue to slide around particle, and a circle dislocation ring is left around particle.

The size that two kinds of results contribute the strength of materials is obvious: cutting through particle to the strength of materials around particle ratio Contribution it is big；It cuts through particle and is capable of providing the preferable elongation percentage of material, and will be mentioned around particle due to the humidification of dislocation ring For the higher yield strength of material and tensile strength.

In the traditional concept about aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy, due to always all thinking that Al-Cu Binary-phase is The principal element of alloy strengthening, therefore, the emphasis of investigation of materials and design concern exactly makes each metastable state of Al-Cu Binary-phase real Now optimal combination in the alloy.Although being not to be considered as T-phase can be with to the contribution of alloy strength it has also been found that there is T ternary phase The combination of each metastable phase of Al-Cu binary is compared, and thinks that T-phase is easy to assemble to form coarse brittlement phase in crystal boundary, therefore tight Lattice control its quantity.

The area GP, θ ＂, θ ' or other disc shapeds the contribution feature of the metastable golden intensity that is involutory of binary Al-Cu belong to dislocation Particle mode is cut through, its main feature is that disc grows bigger, cuts through more difficult therefore also bigger to the contribution of intensity, still, works as disk Piece greatly to a certain extent (diameter is more than 150nm and thickness only has 1~3nm), the mismatch of lattice dot matrix and matrix lattice dot matrix Height is spent, just no longer can keep complete coherence with matrix, and gradually shows the feature of brittlement phase.Therefore, coherence should be kept again Have maximum mismatch stress field with play it is maximum hinder dislocation movement by slip ability, each metastable phase particle of binary Al-Cu have one it is best The problem of combination, while being also required to it and biggish contribution is kept to the elongation percentage of matrix, before this is or even from now on design of material Always one of main problem to be considered.

By consulting pertinent literature, the domestic existing research in terms of liquid forging produces automotive hub comes with some shortcomings, Its tensile strength is greater than 400Mpa, maximum pulling strength 450Mpa, too short in the complex working condition lower hub service life, cannot be bigger Aluminium alloy wheel hub is used in range.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is providing a kind of aluminum alloy materials and its system for substituting QT500 automotive hub Preparation Method, wherein addition Lewis Acids and Bases pair obtain alloy before curing effectively to expedite the emergence of critical nucleus (obtaining equiax crystal) It obtains optimal molecule object and is combined structure ((T+ θ H) combines phase), promote alloy crystalline state to optimize, enable aluminum alloy to substrate realization 500MPa and higher strength grade, to reach the Al-alloy products of production substitution QT500 automotive hub.

The technical scheme is that a kind of aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT500 automotive hub, principal component content is by weight Percentages: cobalt tetracarbonyl anion body Co (CO)₄ ^?: 0.005-0.02%, manganese Mn :≤2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases are to total amount 1% × 10-4~2.0%, alloy mean grain size 120 microns of <, surplus is aluminium Al.

The alloy grain is equiax crystal.

Sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase amount reaches >=1/square micron in the alloy grain.

The Lewis Acids and Bases to for metal and cation body made of ligand binding, complicated ligand compound, super large it is miscellaneous One of more compounds, main group dvielement or more than one mixing.

Cation body made of the metal and ligand binding: nickel cation body [Ni (en) 3] 2 is closed including triethylenediamine +。

The complicated ligand compound or super large heteropoly compound, including dichloro oxygen titanium TiOCl₂。

The Lewis Acids and Bases pair account for Al matrix weight percent, range by element additive amount are as follows: Sr < 0.02%, Ba < 0.05%, B < 0.03%, [Ni (en)₃]²⁺< 0.02%, TiOCl₂< 0.01%.

A kind of preparation method for the aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 automotive hub comprising the steps of:

(1) weight ratio is determined to one group of substance combination within the scope of, element ratio, is selected in aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases, according to The alloy total amount for needing to prepare extrapolates the weight of every kind of required material；

(2) aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid are added into smelting furnace, heat and is kept the temperature at 700 DEG C or more；

(3) manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu and cobalt tetracarbonyl anion body Co (CO) is added^4-, stir, selected Louis be added Acid-base pair, or selected Lewis Acids and Bases are added to combination, it stirs evenly；

(4) furnace refining then is carried out to above-mentioned alloy melt；

(5) slagging-off, standing, sampling analysis alloy composition after refining adjust chemical component based on the analysis results and extremely advise In fixed deviation range；To 650 DEG C or more, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove for temperature adjustment, online degasification, slagging-off；

(6) liquid forging is cast: being referred to and is passed through die-forging forming, solidification and crystallization when aluminium alloy liquid under external force.

The liquid forging, steps are as follows:

1. pourable casting after filtering；

2. should preheat mold before casting, mold cavity is blown clean with compressed air；

3. automation is taken to be poured, aluminium alloy is dipped out of furnace with manipulator and pours into mold, upper mold is in certain pressure It is moved downward under effect, so that melt is generated rheology, fill type pressure maintaining, solidification and crystallization.

4. product is taken out in die sinking, water cooling clears up non-product part, overlap of polishing；

5. appearance quality detection: rough casting should clean out smooth, non-processing face before carrying out presentation quality inspection Dead head should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；

6. internal soundness detects；

7. solution treatment: the blank that casting completes roughing and inside and outside quality testing is sent into solid solution furnace, carry out 560 DEG C with Lower solution treatment quenches at once after the completion of heat preservation, cold using water cooling or oil；

8. ageing strengthening: the casting for completing solution treatment being sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening processing, at 230 DEG C or less Ageing strengthening, after heat preservation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；

9. sampling analysis test verifying；

10. practical performance is verified.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: pointed by lewis' theory of acids and bases, molecule solution can occur in aluminium alloy melt Body or " acid-base pair " substance for facilitating (range i.e. less than 1 nanometer) object phase molecule structure optimization in time nano-area, application It is adjusted in the fine structure of melt nanoscale range, is most important creative technological means of the invention.

By making the addition and exclusion in relation to Lewis Acids and Bases to the microelement of carrying with lewis' theory of acids and bases, Molecule disintegration and conversion occurs in aluminium alloy melt environment, to provide in the hyperfine microcell of melt (0.1nm~10nm scale model Enclose) abundant disturbance and activation effect, reach and expedite the emergence of critical nucleus and largely formed, refine alloy grain degree further, Form more rounding；Optimizing very small areas (micron order: 1~30 μm of scale or so) and precise and tiny region simultaneously, (Subnano-class is secondary Micron order particle: 1 μm of scale 10nm~<) object phase molecule composite structure, increase (T+ θ H) combination mutually in alloy substrate Content is the mechanism problem for the alloy strengthening that the present invention solves.

Due to the discovery of (T+ θ H) combination phase, in aluminium alloy strengthening design, so that it may phase is combined by increase (T+ θ H), The matrix strength for enabling aluminum alloy to material obtains big promotion, is well controlled between 400~600MPa in yield strength, this Be the invention solves engineering application problem, i.e. alternate series ductile iron material and product.

According to lewis' theory of acids and bases, acid is can arbitrarily to connect nucleophobic molecule or ion, and alkali is can to provide electronics Molecule or ion, the chemical combination between soda acid combines with covalent bond, and electronics transfer does not occur.

Negative ions body made of aforementioned metal of the present invention and ligand binding, complicated ligand compound, the miscellaneous polyvoltine of super large are closed Object, due in its lewis' acid structure metallic atom or ion be electron acceptor, be lewis acid, and its ligand is nonmetallic Atom or atomic group are electronq donors, are lewis base, and entire lewis' acid then constitutes Louis " acid-base pair ".Than Such as, cation body [Ni (en)₃]²⁺It is Louis's " acid-base pair ", the Mn that can receive electronics pair in these substances³⁺、Fe²⁺、Ni²⁺ And Mn²⁺It is all lewis acid, corresponding ligand-the en ,-Cl for providing electronics pair is lewis base.

Cation body is as Louis " acid-base pair ", the excellent effect that there is ordinary matter cannot achieve alloy grain refinement Fruit, this is because: these gas ions can be stabilized as normal material molecule at normal temperature, and aluminium alloy melt this Molecule occurs in the high temperature acid or alkali environment of sample to disintegrate, generates lewis acid and lewis base；Due to being molecule disintegration, so be one " falling apart " of the atom composite structure of kind time nanometer range, ligand moiety is come out with gaseous exhaust, the core gold released Belong to ion then to reselect in conjunction with other atoms.

Complicated ligand compound, super large heteropoly compound also have alloy grain refinement general as Lewis Acids and Bases pair The good result that logical substance cannot achieve can close because their molecular structure is similar with the structure of positive and negative ion body in aluminium Atom reconstruct in disintegration, acid-base chemical conversion and the superfinishing microcell of molecule occurs in environment as golden melt, can also disintegrate in molecule When release the ligand of gaseous state or liquid, purification gas discharge melt is accompanied after series reaction and (for example generates CO₂、CH₄、 N₂、NH₃Or H₂S) or enter slag (such as NaCl, KCl, Al (HO)₃、Al₂O₃Or Al₄C₃), wherein the metallic atom that discharges or from Son, non-metallic atom or ion are all the ultra-fine fine particles of secondary nanophase, there is maximum specific surface area, and it is super to provide melt Abundant disturbance and activation effect in precise and tiny area reach and expedite the emergence of critical nucleus and largely generate and crystal grain is inhibited to grow up the machine of effect Reason.By this mechanism, matrix crystalline state is made generally to become equiax crystal, grain size is further to optimize averagely less than 120 μm Effect can reach grain size averagely at 50~100 μm, and this effect is thin using the conventional grains such as aluminium titanium boron and aluminium titanium carbon merely What the gas purification technique of agent and routine cannot achieve.

The present invention is based on to alloy microstructure very high resolution contrast image and precise and tiny constituency structural analysis, it was found that It is transgranular that there is the hyperfine structures of the forked combination phase of (T+ θ H) stick of sub-micron grade.Compared with each binary of Al-Cu, (T+ θ H) Combination mutually has many advantages, comprising: particle size is big, and anti-dislocation movement by slip face is big；Trunk portion T is that high hard high stable compound is poly- Rodlike twin made of conjunction can provide strength support as alloy around mode using dislocation；Its secondary θ H attachment is mutually on trunk It is oblique or perpendicular to T mandrel direction and to surrounding matrix grow simultaneously with matrix coherence, enhance trunk to lattice-site around The tightening ability of battle array, or, in other words, T mandrel by attachment thereon to the secondary phase of θ H of surrounding growth, tightening act on to The transmitting of matrix space and diffusion of surrounding, this effect produce steel in similar building structure to matrix in secondary um region Invigoration effect (can be described as " class concrete reinforced structure ") of the reinforced net in concrete, greatly improves matrix strength.This effect, It is flake Al-Cu metastable phase in matrix (area GP, θ ＂, θ ' or other disc phases) or a combination thereof if compared from monomer All far from comparing；But in common aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy, since each binary Al-Cu metastable phase exists The distribution density of intrinsic silicon is significantly larger than the distribution density of (T+ θ H) combination phase, and the effect of (T+ θ H) combination phase is caused to be blanked And it is never found.

(T+ θ H) combine phase in θ H but with different positions to much bigger thickness (about 20nm), alloy substrate is produced Better than with the reinforcing of the binary Al-Cu metastable phase of the area GP, θ ＂ existing for free state, θ ' or other disc shapeds contribution: θ H in addition to The tightening of trunk T-phase is acted on peripherad matrix space transmitting and diffusion is outer, since anti-matrix slide surface is bigger, therefore to matrix Humidification is bigger；Since direction is more, therefore isotropic uniformity is showed to the invigoration effect of matrix；Due to being not belonging to height Rigid particle, so can still be supplied to the preferable plasticity and toughness of matrix in such a way that dislocation is cut through；In short, (T+ θ H) combination mutually optimizes The object phase molecule composite structure of aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy provides imitating around reinforcing for high Hard Inclusion T-phase for matrix Should be higher than free state Al-Cu it is metastable be combined cut through two kinds of strengthening effect effects；So research play it is this excellent comprehensive Close effect, it is necessary to which be combined metastable to Al-Cu is transferred out merely from tradition the emphasis of design of material concern, and concentrates on pair (T+ θ H) combination phase expedites the emergence of in effect.

Inventive formulation is configured as one of technical way, is to combine the crystalline state of alloy to realize mean grain size < Under the premise of 120 microns of equiax crystal, can also be achieved inside alloy grain (T+ θ H) combination phase amount 1/[μm]²More than.Cause This, principal component content by weight percentage: cobalt tetracarbonyl anion body Co (CO)₄ ^?: 0.005-0.02%, manganese Mn :≤2%, Cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases are to total amount 1% × 10^-4~ 2.0%, 120 microns of alloy mean grain size <, surplus are aluminium Al.Cobalt tetracarbonyl anion body Co (CO)₄ ^?Addition, improve The strength and stiffness of wheel hub reduce and deform probability under wheel hub case of heavy load.

Since the mass ratio of copper manganese element in the trunk T-phase of (T+ θ H) combination phase is about 0.8, and in guarantee (T+ θ in alloy H it also should be ensured that the concentration of (area GP, θ ＂, θ ' or other disc phases) Al-Cu binary disperse phases at different levels while) generation and divide Cloth density does not reduce, and is being more than a range of its saturation solubility or more copper content design, while guaranteeing must have therefore Manganese exists.Under general condition, (T+ θ H) combines lazy weight 1/[μm] of phase², so being difficult to be found, the present invention passes through The optimization of Lewis Acids and Bases pair, it is ensured that (T+ θ H) combine phase quantity 1/[μm]²More than, depth optimization effect can reach 3/[μm]²More than.

According to material reinforcement theory --- dislocation bypasses and cuts through theory to particle, and the destructive process of material is it first The concentration stress of middle bulky grain particle, followed by stress in the smaller particle set of particles of secondary level-one, followed by more short grained matter Point stress, is analogized with secondary；When destroying, the most weak particle of global resistance is first destroyed, and the strongest particle of global resistance is last It destroys, only when all particles all never can resist, the destruction of macroscopic view just occurs for material.

Due to (T+ θ H) combination mutually with Al-Cu binary disperse phase θ ' at different levels, θ ", the area GPI be successively respectively provided with sub-micron grade, Subnano-class and nanoscale distortion of lattice effect, as long as if technical solution of the present invention is the quantity of (T+ θ H) combination phase in matrix It is improved with distribution density, can be achieved with arranging in pairs or groups in terms of size, quantity and distribution with Al-Cu binary disperse phase relatively Even, compact-sized, then it will generate most strong distortion of lattice stress field (maximum dot matrix mismatch) between each other, while again and base Body whole coherence or half coherence completely, therefore a three-dimensional elastoplasticity net battle array is formd in entire crystal grain three-dimensional space, whole A intra-die produces similar " armored concrete " to the hierarchical reinforced structure of fabric structure humidification (hereinafter referred to as " class concrete reinforced structure "), substantially improve the mechanical property of alloy, five；It is this equally distributed super within the scope of crystal particle scale Elastoplasticity tension structure, which has effectively transfer particle as much as possible and participate in resisting, share and absorbs external impact jointly, to be moved The ability of (Dynamic And Static Loads) is measured, thus it is microcosmic upper with powerful fatigue resistance, macroscopically have high-strength, high-ductility, height hard The feature of " three Gao Tongyi ", this " class concrete reinforced structure " in the spheroidal graphite cast-iron of steel material class only have globular graphite with it is iron-based Two kinds of parallel constructions of body and grain size must change between 15~500 μm to obtain strong hardness and toughness and can not improve (one jointly Side raising premised on reducing another party) matrix characteristics compare, it is clear that have higher engineering application value.

So the trunk T-phase of (T+ θ H) combination phase substantially increases the heat resistance and calorific intensity of alloy；And (T+ θ H) is combined The raising of phase amount and distribution density then improves the intensity, hardness and elongation percentage of alloy simultaneously.

From the foregoing, it can be seen that multifarious Lewis Acids and Bases pair, because having nanoscale superfinishing film micro area in aluminium alloy It decomposes, disturbance, activation, reconstruct and exclude effect, be combined to make alloy before curing and can obtain maximum molecule object Self adjustment capability of structure optimization, establish it is a kind of from precise and tiny structure (Subnano-class or sub-micron grade particle: scale 10nm~ 1 μm of <) to fine structure (micron particles: 1~10 μm of scale or so) arrive again crystalline state combine (submicron particles: scale 10 ~100 μm or so) self hierarchical adjustment and improvement channel, so that on the one hand to solve alloy phase diagram theory insurmountable On the other hand the problem of melt structure and solidification structure optimize solves to alloy refining, rotten, slagging-off, degasification etc. The following microscopic fields of sub-micron state that conventional technical means is unable to reach, innovative design to aluminium alloy and with aluminium for steel, with light Strong structure generally substitutes steel weight strong structure, has universal directive significance and industrial value.

In addition, being increased since Lewis Acids and Bases are to the foreign peoples material concentration bigger to alloy melt is capable of providing The constitutional supercooling degree of melt crystallization process causes nucleus quickly to cross critical dimension under stronger crystallization power, and in supercooling It is freely nucleated and grows in liquid, being formed has isotropism and shape closer to spherical equi-axed crystal；Due to equiax crystal It is this because of the free growing endogenetic forming mechanism of liquid internal, change the irregular crystals edge such as plane crystalline substance, dendrite, column crystal In the unidirectionally extended growth pattern of the raw core of the type wall of casting mold cavity, certainly export-oriented liquid internal, therefore avoid or alleviate alloy Component segregation, coarse unidirectional, the non-uniform defect of macro property of crystallization, to effectively avoid or alleviate some common of alloy Defect, such as pin hole, stomata, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, coarse solid solution, high hardness compound, crackle.

Specific embodiment

The specific embodiment of the invention includes 2 parts, and first part is prompt and explanation, and second part is specific implementation Example.

First part: prompt and explanation

A kind of preparation method for the aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 automotive hub comprising the steps of:

(1) weight ratio is determined to one group of substance combination within the scope of, element ratio, is selected in aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases, according to The alloy total amount for needing to prepare extrapolates the weight of every kind of required material；

(2) aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid are added into smelting furnace, heat and is kept the temperature at 700 DEG C or more；

(3) manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu and cobalt tetracarbonyl anion body Co (CO) is added₄ ^?, stir, selected Louis be added Acid-base pair, or selected Lewis Acids and Bases are added to combination, it stirs evenly；

(4) furnace refining then is carried out to above-mentioned alloy melt；

(5) slagging-off, standing, sampling analysis alloy composition after refining adjust chemical component based on the analysis results and extremely advise In fixed deviation range；To 650 DEG C or more, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove for temperature adjustment, online degasification, slagging-off；

(6) liquid forging is cast: being referred to and is passed through die-forging forming, solidification and crystallization when aluminium alloy liquid under external force.

The liquid forging molding, steps are as follows:

1, aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid are added into smelting furnace for melting, heat and keep the temperature at 700 DEG C or more；

2, manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu is added in alloying, and selected Lewis Acids and Bases pair are added in stirring, or are added selected Lewis Acids and Bases to combination, stir evenly；

3, then above-mentioned alloy melt refined in furnace with refining agent；

4, slagging-off, standing, sampling analysis alloy composition after refining adjust chemical component based on the analysis results and extremely provide Deviation range in；To 650 DEG C or more, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove for temperature adjustment, online degasification, slagging-off；

5, liquid forging is cast: referring to that aluminium alloy passes through die-forging forming, solidification and crystallization in liquid under external force.

6, pressure maintaining solidifies, under a certain pressure pressure maintaining solidification and crystallization.

7, product, natural cooling, sawing riser, polishing overlap are taken out in die sinking；

8, appearance quality detection: rough casting should clean out smooth, non-processing face before carrying out presentation quality inspection Dead head should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；

9, internal soundness detects；

10, solution treatment: the blank that casting completes roughing and inside and outside quality testing is sent into solid solution furnace, carries out 560 DEG C Following solution treatment quenches at once after the completion of heat preservation, cold using water cooling or oil；

11, ageing strengthening: will complete solution treatment casting be sent into aging furnace carry out ageing strengthening processing, 230 DEG C with Lower ageing strengthening, after heat preservation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；

Second part: specific embodiment

Embodiment 1

1, a kind of aluminium alloy automobile hub material component weight percent for substituting QT500 are as follows: Cu:5.6%, Mn:1.4%, Cd:0.15%, Sr:0.015%, Ba:0.02%, B:0.02%, [Ni (en)₃]²⁺: 0.01%, TiOCl₂: 0.01%, Co (CO)₄ ^?: 0.01%；

2, production procedure: melting → refining → stands → fills type → die forging → die sinking → cleaning → solid solution → timeliness；

3, pouring temperature: 680 DEG C of >；

4, mold preheating temperature: 200 DEG C of >；

5, filling time: < 30s；

6, die forging: pressure > 130MPa, pressing speed > 3mm/s；

7, pressure maintaining and solidification: dwell pressure > 100Mpa, dwell time > 60s, setting time < 8min；

8, condition of heat treatment: T6- solid solution adds full artificial aging；

9, product microstructure index: metallographic structure is equiax crystal, 65~100 μm of mean grain size, in crystal grain (T+ θ H) Combine phase amount 7~9/[μm]²；

10, products machinery performance: power resistance strength 530Mpa, yield strength > 470Mpa, elongation after fracture > 10%, Bu Shi Hardness > 160.

Embodiment 2

1, a kind of aluminium alloy automobile hub material component weight percent for substituting QT500 are as follows: Cu:6.8%, Mn:1.8%, Cd:0.18%, Sr:0.02%, Ba:0.03%, B:0.01%, [Ni (en)₃]²⁺: 0.02%, TiOCl₂: 0.01%, Co (CO)₄ ^?: 0.02%；

2, specific manufacturing method is same as Example 1；

3, product microstructure index: metallographic structure is equiax crystal, 60~90 μm of mean grain size, (T+ θ H) group in crystal grain Close phase amount 8~10/[μm]²；

4 products machinery performances: power resistance strength Mpa550Mpa, yield strength Mpa > 490Mpa, elongation after fracture > 10%, Brinell hardness > 165.

Embodiment 3

1, a kind of aluminium alloy automobile hub material component weight percent for substituting QT500 are as follows: Cu:7.8%, Mn:1.8%, Cd:0.18%, [Ni (en)₃]²⁺: 0.01%, Co (CO)₄ ^?:0.02%；

2, specific manufacturing method is same as Example 1；

3, product microstructure index: metallographic structure is equiax crystal, 60~90 μm of mean grain size, (T+ θ H) group in crystal grain Close phase amount 7~9/[μm]²；

4 products machinery performances: power resistance strength: 530Mpa, yield strength: > 465Mpa, elongation after fracture > 10%, Bu Shi Hardness > 160.

Claims (6)

1. it is a kind of substitute QT500 automotive hub aluminum alloy materials, it is characterised in that: principal component content by weight percentage: Cobalt tetracarbonyl anion body Co (CO)₄ ^?: 0.005-0.02%, manganese Mn :≤2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~ 8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%；Surplus is aluminium Al；Additive total amount 1% × 10^-4~2.0%, alloy mean grain size < 120 Micron, sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase amount reaches >=1/square micron in alloy grain；Sub-nanometer (T+ θ in alloy grain H the molecular structural formula for) combining phase is (Al₂₀Cu₂Mn₃+Al_xCu)；Wherein x is less than 2, θ H phase with a thickness of 20nm, a length of 50nm； The additive is cation body or dichloro oxygen titanium TiOCl made of metal and ligand binding₂Or one of main group dvielement It is mixed with one or more of aforesaid compound.

2. a kind of aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT500 automotive hub according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: alloy is brilliant Grain is equiax crystal.

3. a kind of aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT500 automotive hub according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described Cation body made of metal and ligand binding: nickel cation body [Ni (en) is closed including triethylenediamine₃]²⁺。

4. a kind of aluminum alloy materials of substitution QT500 automotive hub described in one of -3 according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: The additive accounts for Al matrix weight percent, range by element additive amount are as follows: Sr < 0.02%, Ba < 0.05%, B < 0.03%, [Ni (en)₃]²⁺< 0.02%, TiOCl₂< 0.01%.

5. a kind of preparation method of aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT500 automotive hub as claimed in claim 4, feature exist In: it comprises the steps of:

(1) within the scope of aforementioned additive, element ratio, one group of substance combination is selected, weight ratio is determined, prepares as needed Alloy total amount extrapolates the weight of every kind of required material；

(2) aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid are added into smelting furnace, heat and is kept the temperature at 700 DEG C or more；

(3) manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu and cobalt tetracarbonyl anion body Co (CO) is added₄ ^?, it stirs, selected additive is added, or Selected additive combination is added, stirs evenly；

(4) furnace refining then is carried out to above-mentioned alloy melt；

(5) slagging-off after refining is stood, sampling analysis alloy composition, adjusts chemical component based on the analysis results to defined In deviation range；To 650 DEG C or more, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove for temperature adjustment, online degasification, slagging-off；

(6) liquid forging is cast: being referred to and is passed through die-forging forming, solidification and crystallization when alloy liquid under external force.

6. a kind of preparation method of aluminum alloy materials for substituting QT500 automotive hub according to claim 5, feature exist In: the liquid forging, steps are as follows:

1. being poured casting after filtering；

2. should preheat mold before casting, mold cavity is blown clean with compressed air；

3. automation is taken to be poured, aluminium alloy is dipped out of furnace with manipulator and pours into mold, upper mold is under certain pressure effect It moves downward, so that melt is generated rheology, fill type pressure maintaining, solidification and crystallization；

4. product is taken out in die sinking, water cooling clears up non-product part, overlap of polishing；

5. appearance quality detection: rough casting should be cleaned out smooth before carrying out presentation quality inspection, and non-processing face is poured Riser should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；

6. internal soundness detects；

7. solution treatment: the blank that casting completes roughing and inside and outside quality testing being sent into solid solution furnace, carries out 560 DEG C or less admittedly Molten processing quenches at once after the completion of heat preservation, cold using water cooling or oil；

8. ageing strengthening: the casting for completing solution treatment being sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening processing, in 230 DEG C or less timeliness Strengthen, after heat preservation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；

9. sampling analysis test verifying；

10. practical performance is verified.