CN105936997A - Aluminum alloy material replacing QT500 automobile axle housing and low-pressure casting forming method of aluminum alloy material - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy material replacing QT500 automobile axle housing and low-pressure casting forming method of aluminum alloy material Download PDFInfo
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- CN105936997A CN105936997A CN201610493044.1A CN201610493044A CN105936997A CN 105936997 A CN105936997 A CN 105936997A CN 201610493044 A CN201610493044 A CN 201610493044A CN 105936997 A CN105936997 A CN 105936997A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum alloy material replacing a QT500 automobile axle housing. The aluminum alloy material is characterized in that the aluminum alloy material is mainly prepared from, by weight percent, 0.01%-0.05% of cerium (Ce), not larger than 2% of manganese (Mn), 0.05%-0.5% of cadmium (Cd), 4.2%-8.0% of cuprum (Cu), 1%*10<-4>-2.0% of Lewis acid and alkali pairs and the balance Al, wherein the percent of Cu is larger than or equal to 0.8Mn+4.05%, and the average alloy grain size is smaller than 120 micrometers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 automobile axle housing and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron (abbreviation magnesium iron) is one of primary base material in steel industry, extensively it is heavily used for manufacturing stress complexity, intensity, toughness, wearability etc. require higher part, as universal machine, lifting, agricultural, automobile, cast, weave, lathe, electric power, petrochemical industry, boats and ships part etc., Main Morphology and type are hydraulic pressure housing, the pump housing, pipeline, valve body, cylinder body, wheel hub, shaft member, ball connection, driving member, suspender, hook fastener, conducting element, tumbler etc.；In the automotive industry, the consumption of ferrous materials accounts for the 60～70% of Vehicle Materials total amount, and therein more than 2/3rds is again magnesium iron class ferroalloy.
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron production manufacture needs to carry out at very high temperatures, corresponding energy consumption is the highest, pollutes big, and along with automotive light weight technology and the requirement of energy-conserving and environment-protective, relevant spheroidal graphite cast-iron product is in the urgent need to seeking the newest succedaneum.
Pursue low-carbon (LC), intensive, high efficiency (high-effect), motility and personalization, be the mark crossed over to high-end form from traditional form of manufacturing industry, with aluminum for steel, generally substitute the iron and steel strong structure of weight with light strong structure, be the Main Means realizing this leap.
Owing to material feature is by carry the functional combined contribution of microcosmic thing of this feature out, therefore good functional thing is obtained combined, such as high intensity, high-melting-point, high-ductility, high rigidity, corrosion-resistant etc., it it is the final result of various preparation method pursuit, thus, the Design of Chemical Composition of aluminium alloy and its technology of preparing also exist close internal integrity, this uniformity, in brief, it is that a kind of atom relation of how being combined into required " thing phase molecule ", the i.e. thing of material can regard a kind of molecular structure mutually as.nullThe mixed smelting of formula element and casting crystalline，It it is the major contributing link of fusion casting formation material thing phase molecule combinative structure，In fusion-casting process，Solid solution crystal grain determines crystalline state combination (submicron particles: about yardstick 10～300 μm) of alloy mutually with the intermetallic compound molecule thing of crystal boundary，Subsequent heat treatment or flow harden are then that the precise and tiny structure (Subnano-class or sub-micron grade particle: yardstick 10nm～＜ 1 μm) to fine structure under crystalline state group frame (micron particles: about yardstick 1～30 μm) or even more microcosmic is adjusted and perfect，This adjustment and perfect degree and scope，In known technology and traditional view，Think mainly by the combined decision of thing that the alloy phase diagram region residing for alloy composition is given，But，Alloy phase diagram does not provide the interpolation of other trace element and gets rid of the impact produced，Add with less prediction and get rid of the directiveness that thing is affected by other trace element mutually.Theory and the method for using for reference alloy solution chemistry improve melt structure; the covering of such as protecting film; the interpolation of slag former, refining agent or alterant; degasification slag removal and purification etc.; it is to improve the combination of alloy crystalline state, fine structure or even the important technical of the more precise and tiny structure of microcosmic; but these means, owing to being to grope accumulation during preparing alloy to get, are therefore often considered as " preparation technology " rather than the part of " composition design ".
On engineer applied, the size of aluminum alloy solution body crystal grain and state, and it is distributed in the size and form of the intermetallic compound of crystal boundary, the mechanical property of alloy there is is conclusive impact.Thick plane is brilliant, dendrite, the irregular crystals such as column crystal and the thick brittle property intermetallic compound being distributed in crystal boundary, the obdurability contribution of matrix all can be balanced out by fine structure good for alloy and precise and tiny structure, because the law of development that these coarse grains are deferred to results from the raw core of type wall of casting mold cavity, from the growth pattern that export-oriented liquid internal is unidirectionally extended, cause the component segregation of alloy, crystallize thick unidirectional, the defect that macro property is uneven, thus become some common deficiencies of alloy, such as pin hole, pore, shrinkage cavity, shrinkage porosite, segregation, thick solid solution, high hardness compound, the root of crackle etc..The routine used at present goes bad the means of means and crystal grain thinning, as added aluminum titanium boron or Al-Ti-C master alloy, best effect can only make mean grain size refine to 120～150 microns, and the form of dendrite does not often have basic transformation, this is the important bottleneck problem that alloy mechanical property improves.Because for aluminium alloy, it is thus achieved that the refinement of the approach that intensity and toughness improve, only crystal grain and rounding simultaneously；The adjustment of Technology for Heating Processing, at crystalline structure it has been determined that, intensity or one aspect of toughness can only be made to obtain and to optimize.Therefore, refine the most further and the mean grain size of rounding alloy, be the target pursued all the time of industrial circle.
Introduced by patent ZL2009103061769 of CNS " heat-resistance high-strength tough foundry goods aluminium alloy ingots " (GB/T 29,434 2012) and correspondence thereof, 211Z heat-resistance high-strength tough Cast aluminium alloy gold enters the aluminum leading level in the world because having " four high three is good " feature (the most high-strength, high-ductility, high hard, high temperature resistant, good casting property, good processability, good cycle simultaneously).
But, in terms of design of material angle, 211Z material there is also some problems being difficult to overcome.Micro analysis finds, has some bulky grains to have the highest titanium Ti and rare earth concentration, and as the material for promoting crystal grain to refine, this phenomenon shows that Ti and rare earth have moved towards to need the opposite of solution problem；And in the production process of 211Z alloy-steel casting, also there is defect common as common aluminum alloy, including pin hole, pore, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, thick solid solution, high hardness compound, be mingled with (slag), cold shut, cold shot, crackle, rotten defect, solid solution deficiency and burning etc..
Analyze by aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy being up to spherical aberration correction scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) the precise and tiny constituency of the very high resolution of 0.08nm, it is thus achieved that set up various phase structures on an atomic scale, Atomic Resolution and chemical element distribution.Confirm wherein to there is a series of hardening constituent, including well-known Al-Cu binary metastable phase (GP district, θ ＂, θ ＇), new disc phase and balance phase θ (Al2Cu)；Wherein inside matrix grain, new discovery one rod forked (T+ θ H) combination phase, the trunk portion T-phase of this combination phase is Al-Cu-Mn ternary phase, molecular structural formula Al20Cu2Mn3, molecule phase character be diameter about 100nm, length about 600～1000nm be mandrel shape and its (010) face and alloy matrix aluminum { 010} face coherence；And apposition growth size is compared with the Al-Cu binary secondary phase of big (thickness about 20nm, be about 50nm) around T-phase, owing to this secondary phase compares with other Al-Cu metastable phase in matrix (GP district, θ ＂, θ ＇ or other disc phase), structurally there is very big difference, particularly thickness is thicker much than other Al-Cu metastable phase, therefore the present invention is referred to as θ H phase, its molecular structural formula AlxCu (x is likely less than 2), is a kind of rich Cu molecule.
The binary Al-Cu metastable phase of GP district, θ ＂, θ ＇ or other disc shaped belongs to dislocation to the contribution feature of alloy strength and cuts through particle mode, it is characterized in that disc looks the biggest, cut through the most difficult, therefore the contribution to intensity is the biggest, but, when disc is big to a certain extent (more than 150nm, thickness only has 1～3nm to diameter), and its lattice dot matrix is too high with the mismatch of matrix lattice dot matrix, the most no longer can keep complete coherence with matrix, and gradually show the feature of brittlement phase.Therefore, coherence should be kept to have again the mismatch stress field of maximum to hinder dislocation movement by slip ability to play maximum, the problem that binary Al-Cu each metastable phase particle has a best of breed, it is also required to the contribution that it is bigger to the elongation percentage holding of matrix, one of subject matter that this is in the past or even design of material will be to be considered from now on simultaneously.
At present, the domestic correlation technique also not finding aluminium alloy automobile axle housing in disclosed document, a kind of aluminium alloy automobile axle housing tensile strength that the present invention provides reaches more than 500Mpa, it is possible to achieve substitute the automobile axle housing that QT500 produces.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 automobile axle housing and preparation method thereof is provided, wherein add Lewis Acids and Bases pair, effectively to expedite the emergence of critical nucleus (obtaining equiax crystal), alloy is made to obtain the optimal combined structure of molecule thing ((T+ θ H) combines phase) before curing, promote alloy crystalline state optimization, enable aluminum alloy to base material and realize 500MPa and higher strength grade, thus reach to produce the Al-alloy products substituting QT500 automobile axle housing.
The technical scheme is that: a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 automobile axle housing, main constituent content by weight percentage: cerium Ce:0.01-0.05%, manganese Mn :≤2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%～0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%～8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases is aluminum Al to total amount 1% × 10-4～2.0%, alloy mean grain size ＜ 120 microns, surplus.
Described alloy grain is equiax crystal.
In described alloy grain, sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase amount reaches >=3/square micron.
One in the described Lewis Acids and Bases cation body to being combined into for metal and part, metal nitride, main group dvielement, or more than one mixing.
The cation body that described metal and part are combined into comprises: different sulfur cyano ferrum cation body [Fe (NCS)] 2+.
Described major element comprises: lithium Li, beryllium Be and calcium Ca.
Described Lewis Acids and Bases pair, accounts for Al matrix percentage by weight by element addition, and scope is: Li ＜ 0.15%, Be ＜ 0.01%, Ca ＜ 0.01%, [Fe (NCS)] 2+ ＜ 0.01, AlCrN ＜ 0.01%.
The preparation method of a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 automobile axle housing, comprises the steps of
(1) in the range of aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases is to, element ratio, selected one group of combinations of substances, determine weight ratio, the alloy total amount prepared as required, extrapolate the weight of every kind of required material；
(2) adding aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid in smelting furnace, heating is also incubated more than 700 DEG C；
(3) addition manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu and cerium Ce, stirring, adds selected Lewis Acids and Bases pair, or the Lewis Acids and Bases that addition is selected is to combination, stirs；
(4) then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out furnace refining；
(5) remove the gred after refine, stand, sample analysis alloy composition, adjust chemical composition in the deviation range of regulation according to analysis result；Homoiothermic is to more than 650 DEG C, and aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, online degasification, slagging-off；
(6) low pressure casting: refer to that aluminium alloy low pressure fills type, pressurize solidification and crystallization.
A kind of preparation method of the aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 automobile axle housing, the cast of described low pressure casting, step is as follows:
1. pourable casting after filtering；
2. mould should be preheated before casting, by compressed air, mold cavity be blown clean；
3. take automatization to pour into a mould, make aluminium alloy pass through pipe in the late into the night under a certain pressure and be full of die cavity, pressurize solidification and crystallization.
4. product, natural cooling, sawing rising head, polishing overlap are taken out in die sinking；
5. appearance quality detection: rough casting, before carrying out presentation quality inspection, should be cleaned out smooth, the dead head of non-machined surface should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；
6. internal soundness detection；
7. solution treatment: solid solution furnace sent into by the blank that foundry goods completes roughing and inside and outside quality testing, carries out less than 560 DEG C solution treatment, quenches at once after being incubated, uses water-cooled or oil cold；
8. ageing strengthening: the foundry goods completing solution treatment is sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening process, ageing strengthening below 230 DEG C, after insulation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；
9. sample analysis test checking；
10. Practical Performance checking.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: pointed by lewis' theory of acids and bases, molecule can be occurred in aluminium alloy melt to disintegrate or contribute in time nano-area " acid-base pair " material of thing phase molecule structure optimization (i.e. less than the scope of 1 nanometer), the fine structure being applied to melt nanoscale scope adjusts, and is the topmost creative technological means of the present invention.
By using lewis' theory of acids and bases, make about Lewis Acids and Bases the interpolation of trace element of carrying and eliminating, disintegrate at aluminium alloy melt environment generation molecule and convert, to provide abundant disturbance and the activation effect of (0.1nm～10nm range scale) in the hyperfine microcell of melt, reach to expedite the emergence of critical nucleus to be formed in a large number, alloy grain degree is made to be refined further, form more rounding；Optimize very small areas (micron order: about yardstick 1～30 μm) and the thing phase molecule combinative structure of precise and tiny region (Subnano-class or sub-micron grade particle: yardstick 10nm～＜ 1 μm) simultaneously, increase (T+ θ H) combination content in alloy substrate, be the mechanism problem of the alloy strengthening that the present invention solves.
One in cation body that the described Lewis Acids and Bases aforementioned metal of the present invention to being combined into for metal and part is combined into part, metal nitride, main group dvielement, or more than one mixing.Owing to the metallic atom in its lewis' acid structure or ion are electron acceptors, for lewis acid, and its part non-metallic atom or atomic group are electronq donors, and for lewis base, whole lewis' acid then constitutes Louis's " acid-base pair ".
Such as, different sulfur cyano ferrum cation body [Fe (NCS)]2+It is all Louis's " acid-base pair ", the Mn that can accept electronics pair in these materials3+、Fe2+、Cr3 +And Mn2+Being lewis acid, the corresponding part-NCS providing electronics pair is lewis base.
Gas ions is as Louis " acid-base pair ", alloy grain refinement had the excellent effect that ordinary matter cannot realize, this is at normal temperatures can stable existence as normal material molecule due to: these gas ions, and occur molecule to disintegrate in aluminium alloy melt such high temperature acid or alkali environment, generate lewis acid and lewis base；Owing to being that molecule disintegrates, so being " falling apart " of the atom combinative structure of a kind of nanometer range, with gaseous exhaust out, the core metal ion discharged then reselects and combines other atom its ligand moiety.
Complicated ligand compound, super large heteropoly compound are as Lewis Acids and Bases pair, alloy grain refinement also had the good result that ordinary matter cannot realize, because their molecular structure is similar with the structure of positive and negative ion body, atom reconstruct in the disintegration of molecule, acid-base chemical conversion and superfinishing microcell can occur in the such environment of aluminium alloy melt, also can discharge the part of gaseous state or liquid when molecule disintegrates, after series reaction, retinue purifies gas discharge melt and (such as generates CO2、CH4、N2、NH3Or H2S) or enter slag (such as NaCl, KCl, Al (HO)3、Al2O3Or Al4C3), the metallic atom wherein discharged or ion, non-metallic atom or ion, it it is all the ultra-fine fine particle of secondary nanophase, there is the specific surface area of maximum, be provided that the abundant disturbance in melt superfinishing microcell and activation effect, reach to expedite the emergence of critical nucleus and generate in a large number and the mechanism of inhibiting grain growth effect.By this mechanism, making matrix crystalline state generally become equiax crystal, grain size is averagely less than 120 μm, and further effect of optimization can reach grain size averagely in 50～100 μm.This effect, is to use merely the gas purification technique of the conventional die fining agent such as aluminum titanium boron and aluminum titanium carbon and routine to realize.
In alloy melt, different metal atom or ion close, also can produce energy level splitting generation thermal chemical reaction (electron transfer does not occur) between them and form the pattern of intermetallic compound, owing to defining the molecular structure being different from matrix crystalline state, there is preferable heat stability, so being also suitable lewis' theory of acids and bases.Such as at intermetallic compound molecule AlxCu and Al20Cu2Mn3In, according to electronegativity size, it is known that Al is easier to lose electronics than Cu, Mn, therefore, Al is lewis base, and Cu, Mn are lewis acids, AlxCu and Al20Cu2Mn3Louis's " acid-base pair " can be regarded as.When the external Lewis Acids and Bases added in melt is to when decomposing, the intermetallic compound presoma that can differ from matrix Presence of an interface is the most also disturbed and activates and recurring structure fluctuating, produce more critical nucleus, make (T+ θ H) combination concentration mutually the most in the alloy and be evenly distributed density, make up to 1/[μm]2Above, here it is Lewis Acids and Bases can increase Subnano-class particle (T+ θ H) combination phase and nanoscale particle GP district, θ ＂, the mechanism of θ ＇ tandem reinforcement phase to disturbance and the activation effect at nanoscale.
Aluminium alloy melt is overall as a rich, high temperature electron system, electronegativity is higher than to its metallic element, it it is electron donor, and electronegativity is less than to its active metal element, it it is again electron acceptor, visible aluminium alloy melt also has the general general character of Lewis Acids and Bases, itself and the element added among it, also broad sense " Lewis Acids and Bases to " can be formed, therefore, can be the various elements adjusting melt chemistry activity, unified " lewis acid " or " lewis base " being considered as aluminium alloy, as the main group dvielement such as silicon Si using the present invention to provide, during transition group dvielement such as Fe, in order to simplify description, and also to the prominent optimization function to aluminium alloy melt, individual element is also referred to as " Lewis Acids and Bases to ".
To sum up, Lewis Acids and Bases pair of the present invention, variform can be shown as, the one in the described Lewis Acids and Bases cation body to being combined into, metal nitride, main group dvielement, or more than one mixing for metal and part.
Additionally, due to foreign peoples's material concentration that Lewis Acids and Bases is bigger to being supplied to alloy melt, therefore the constitutional supercooling degree of melt crystallization process is increased, nucleus is caused quickly to cross critical dimension under higher crystallization power, and free nucleation and growth in supercool liquid, formed and there is isotropism and shape closer to spherical equi-axed crystal；This because of the free growing endogenetic forming mechanism of liquid internal due to equiax crystal, change the irregular crystals such as plane crystalline substance, dendrite, column crystal because of the raw core of type wall of casting mold cavity, from the unidirectionally extended growth pattern of export-oriented liquid internal, therefore avoid or alleviate the component segregation of alloy, crystallize thick unidirectional, defect that macro property is uneven, thus it is prevented effectively from or alleviates some common deficiencies of alloy, such as pin hole, pore, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, thick solid solution, high hardness compound, crackle etc..
The present invention is based on to the contrast image of alloy microstructure very high resolution and the structural analysis of precise and tiny constituency, it was found that intracrystalline also exists the hyperfine structure of (T+ θ H) excellent forked combination phase of sub-micron grade.Binary-phase each with Al-Cu compares, and (T+ θ H) combination has many advantages mutually, including: particle size is big, and anti-dislocation movement by slip face is big；Trunk portion T is the bar-shaped twin of high hard high stable compound polymerization, it is possible to walks around mode with dislocation and provides strength support for alloy；Its secondary θ H attachment on trunk oblique or be perpendicular to T mandrel direction and to surrounding matrix grows while with matrix coherence, enhance trunk and lattice dot matrix around is tightened up ability, or in other words, T mandrel is by adhering on it to the secondary phase of θ H of surrounding growth, tightening up the transmission of effect peripherad matrix space and diffusion, this effect, in secondary um region, matrix is created steel grid invigoration effect (can be described as " class concrete reinforced structure ") in concrete in similar building structure, makes matrix strength be greatly improved.This effect, if compared from monomer, be in matrix flake Al-Cu metastable phase (GP district, θ ＂, θ ＇ or other disc phase) or a combination thereof all far from comparing；But, in common aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy, owing to each binary Al-Cu metastable phase is in the distribution density of distribution density significantly larger than (T+ θ H) combination phase of intrinsic silicon, the effect of (T+ θ H) combination phase is caused to be blanked and be never found.
(T+ θ H) combination mutually in θ H but with not coordination to much bigger thickness (about 20nm), alloy substrate is created the strengthening contribution of the binary Al-Cu metastable phase being better than GP district, θ ＂, θ ＇ or other disc shaped with free state existence: θ H is except transmitting the peripherad matrix space of effect of tightening up of trunk T-phase and in addition to diffusion, owing to anti-matrix slide surface is bigger, thus bigger to matrix potentiation；Owing to direction is more, therefore isotropic uniformity is showed in the invigoration effect to matrix；Owing to being not belonging to high rigid particle, so still mode can be cut through with dislocation be supplied to the preferable plasticity and toughness of matrix；In a word, (T+ θ H) combination optimizes the thing phase molecule combinative structure of aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy mutually, provides walking around strengthening effect and cutting through strengthening effect two kinds effect higher than what free state Al-Cu metastable phase combined of high Hard Inclusion T-phase for matrix；So, research plays the comprehensive effect of this excellence, it is necessary to the combination of Al-Cu metastable phase is transferred out merely by the emphasis that design of material is paid close attention to from tradition, and concentrates on and expedite the emergence of (T+ θ H) combination phase in effect.
Inventive formulation is configured as one of technical way, is that the crystalline state combination making alloy realizes under the equiax crystal premise of mean grain size ＜ 120 microns, also can realize alloy grain internal (T+ θ H) combination phase amount 3/[μm]2Above.Therefore, main constituent content is by weight percentage: cerium Ce:0.01-0.05%, manganese Mn :≤2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%～0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%～8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases is to total amount 1% × 10-4～2.0%, alloy mean grain size ＜ 120 microns, surplus is aluminum Al.In the addition of cerium Ce, can effectively shield the impurity elements such as Fe, Si in melt, simultaneously by spicule phase nodularization, it is possible to obtain more equiax crystal and (T+ θ H), improve alloy flowability simultaneously, make automobile axle housing tissue finer and close.
Owing in the trunk T-phase of (T+ θ H) combination phase, the mass ratio of copper manganese element is about 0.8, and alloy also should be ensured that the concentration of (GP district, θ ＂, θ ＇ or other disc phase) at different levels Al-Cu binary disperse phase and distribution density do not reduce while ensureing (T+ θ H) generation, therefore, the design of copper content is being exceeded a scope of more than its saturation solubility, and ensure must be with the presence of manganese simultaneously.Under general condition, lazy weight 1/[μm] of (T+ θ H) combination phase2, so being difficult to be found, the present invention is by the optimization of Lewis Acids and Bases pair, it is ensured that the quantity of (T+ θ H) combination phase 3/[μm]2Above.
The trunk T-phase of (T+ θ H) combination phase substantially increases thermostability and the calorific intensity of alloy；And (T+ θ H) combination phase amount and the raising of distribution density, improve the intensity of alloy, hardness and elongation percentage the most simultaneously.
Detailed description of the invention
The specific embodiment of the invention includes 2 parts, and Part I is prompting and explanation, and Part II is specific embodiment.
Part I: point out and illustrate
The low-pressure casting method of a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 automobile axle housing, comprises the steps of
(1) in the range of aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases is to, element ratio, selected one group of combinations of substances, determine weight ratio, the alloy total amount prepared as required, extrapolate the weight of every kind of required material；
(2) adding aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid in smelting furnace, heating is also incubated more than 700 DEG C；
(3) addition manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu and cerium Ce, stirring, adds selected Lewis Acids and Bases pair, or the Lewis Acids and Bases that addition is selected is to combination, stirs；
(4) then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out furnace refining；
(5) remove the gred after refine, stand, sample analysis alloy composition, adjust chemical composition in the deviation range of regulation according to analysis result；Homoiothermic is to more than 650 DEG C, and aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, online degasification, slagging-off；
(6) low pressure casting: refer to that aluminium alloy low pressure fills type, pressurize solidification and crystallization.
Described sand casting, step is as follows:
1, melting, adds aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid in smelting furnace, and heating is also incubated more than 700 DEG C；
2, alloying, adds manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, stirring, add selected Lewis Acids and Bases pair, or add selected Lewis Acids and Bases to combination, stir；
3, refining agent refine is used in then above-mentioned alloy melt being carried out stove；
4, remove the gred after refine, stand, sample analysis alloy composition, adjust chemical composition in the deviation range of regulation according to analysis result；Homoiothermic is to more than 650 DEG C, and aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, online degasification, slagging-off；
5, low pressure fills type cast, makes aluminium alloy pass through pipe in the late into the night under a certain pressure and is full of die cavity.
6, pressurize solidification, pressurize solidification and crystallization under a certain pressure.
7, product, natural cooling, sawing rising head, polishing overlap are taken out in die sinking；
8, appearance quality detection: rough casting, before carrying out presentation quality inspection, should be cleaned out smooth, the dead head of non-machined surface should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；
9, internal soundness detection；
10, solution treatment: solid solution furnace sent into by the blank that foundry goods completes roughing and inside and outside quality testing, carries out less than 560 DEG C solution treatment, quenches at once after being incubated, uses water-cooled or oil cold；
11, ageing strengthening: the foundry goods completing solution treatment is sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening process, ageing strengthening below 230 DEG C, after insulation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；
Part II: specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
1, the aluminium alloy automobile axle housing material component percentage by weight of a kind of QT500 of replacement is: Cu:6.6%, Mn:1.3%, Cd:0.25%, Li:0.14%, Be:0.01%, Ca:0.005%, [Fe (NCS)]2+: 0.01%, AlCrN:0.01%, Ce:0.04%.
2, production procedure: melting → refine → stand → suppress and fill type → pressurize solidification → die sinking → cleaning → solid solution → timeliness
(1) melting, adds aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid in smelting furnace, and heating is also incubated more than 700 DEG C；
(2) alloying, adds manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, stirring, add selected Lewis Acids and Bases pair, or add selected Lewis Acids and Bases to combination, stir；
(3) refining agent refine is used in then above-mentioned alloy melt being carried out stove；
(4) remove the gred after refine, stand, sample analysis alloy composition, adjust chemical composition in the deviation range of regulation according to analysis result；Homoiothermic is to more than 650 DEG C, and aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, online degasification, slagging-off；
(5) low pressure fills type cast, time ＜ 15s, pressure ＜ 1MPa, casting temperature ＞ 700 DEG C, mold preheating temperature ＞ 300 DEG C；
(6) pressurize and solidification: dwell time ＞ 20s, dwell pressure ＜ 0.8MPa, setting time ＜ 8min；
(7) condition of heat treatment: T5-solid solution adds incomplete artificial aging；
(8) goods microstructure index: metallographic structure is equiax crystal, mean grain size 70～110 μm, (T+ θ H) combination phase amount 10-12/[μm] in crystal grain2；
(9) products machinery performance: power resistance strength Mpa > 500Mpa, yield strength Mpa > 450Mpa, elongation after fracture > 10%, Brinell hardness > 160.
Embodiment 2
1, the aluminium alloy automobile axle housing material component percentage by weight of a kind of QT500 of replacement is: Cu:7.0%, Mn:1.4%, Cd:0.28%, Li:0.13%, Be:0.008%, Ca:0.009%, [Fe (NCS)]2+: 0.009%, AlCrN:0.008%, Ce:0.05%；
2, concrete preparation method is same as in Example 1；
3, goods microstructure index: metallographic structure is equiax crystal, mean grain size 60～100 μm, (T+ θ H) combination phase amount 11-13/[μm] in crystal grain2；
4, products machinery performance: power resistance strength Mpa > 510Mpa, yield strength Mpa > 455Mpa, elongation after fracture > 12%, Brinell hardness > 163.
Embodiment 3
1, the aluminium alloy automobile axle housing material component percentage by weight of a kind of QT500 of replacement is: Cu:5.6%, Mn:1.4%, Cd:0.28%, [Fe (NCS)]2+: 0.009%, Ce:0.02%；
2, concrete preparation method is same as in Example 1；
3, goods microstructure index: metallographic structure is equiax crystal, mean grain size 60～100 μm, (T+ θ H) combination phase amount 9-10/[μm] in crystal grain2；
4, products machinery performance: power resistance strength Mpa > 500Mpa,
Yield strength Mpa > 450Mpa,
Elongation after fracture > 11%, Brinell hardness > 163.
Claims (9)
1. the aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 automobile axle housing, it is characterised in that: main constituent content by weight percentage: cerium Ce:0.01-0.05%, manganese Mn :≤2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%～0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%～8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases is to total amount 1% × 10-4～2.0%, alloy mean grain size ＜ 120 microns, surplus is aluminum Al.
A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 automobile axle housing the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: alloy grain is equiax crystal.
A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 automobile axle housing the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in alloy grain, sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase amount reaches >=3/square micron.
A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 automobile axle housing the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the one in the described Lewis Acids and Bases cation body to being combined into for metal and part, metal nitride, main group dvielement, or more than one mixing.
A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 automobile axle housing the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the cation body that described metal and part are combined into comprises: different sulfur cyano ferrum cation body [Fe (NCS)]2+。
A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 automobile axle housing the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described major element comprises: lithium Li, beryllium Be and calcium Ca.
7. according to a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 automobile axle housing one of claim 1-6 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that: described Lewis Acids and Bases pair, Al matrix percentage by weight is accounted for by element addition, scope is: Li ＜ 0.15%, Be ＜ 0.01%, Ca ＜ 0.01%, [Fe (NCS)]2+＜ 0.01, AlCrN ＜ 0.01%.
The preparation method of a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 automobile axle housing the most as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that: comprise the steps of
(1) in the range of aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases is to, element ratio, selected one group of combinations of substances, determine weight ratio, the alloy total amount prepared as required, extrapolate the weight of every kind of required material；
(2) adding aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid in smelting furnace, heating is also incubated more than 700 DEG C；
(3) addition manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu and cerium Ce, stirring, adds selected Lewis Acids and Bases pair, or the Lewis Acids and Bases that addition is selected is to combination, stirs；
(4) then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out furnace refining；
(5) remove the gred after refine, stand, sample analysis alloy composition, adjust chemical composition in the deviation range of regulation according to analysis result；Homoiothermic is to more than 650 DEG C, and aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, online degasification, slagging-off；
(6) low pressure casting: refer to that aluminium alloy low pressure fills type, pressurize solidification and crystallization.
The preparation method of a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 automobile axle housing the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: described low pressure casting is poured into a mould, and step is as follows:
1. pourable casting after filtering；
2. mould should be preheated before casting, by compressed air, mold cavity be blown clean；
3. take automatization to pour into a mould, make aluminium alloy pass through pipe in the late into the night under a certain pressure and be full of die cavity, pressurize solidification and crystallization；
4. product, natural cooling, sawing rising head, polishing overlap are taken out in die sinking；
5. appearance quality detection: rough casting, before carrying out presentation quality inspection, should be cleaned out smooth, the dead head of non-machined surface should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；
6. internal soundness detection；
7. solution treatment: solid solution furnace sent into by the blank that foundry goods completes roughing and inside and outside quality testing, carries out less than 560 DEG C solution treatment, quenches at once after being incubated, uses water-cooled or oil cold；
8. ageing strengthening: the foundry goods completing solution treatment is sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening process, ageing strengthening below 230 DEG C, after insulation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；
9. sample analysis test checking；
10. Practical Performance checking.
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| CN112792319A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-05-14 | 山西江淮重工有限责任公司 | Counter-pressure casting process and counter-pressure casting equipment for lithium alloy castings |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101363094A (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2009-02-11 | 贵州铝厂 | High-strength cast aluminium alloy material |
| CN102418011A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2012-04-18 | 贵州华科铝材料工程技术研究有限公司 | High-strength aluminum alloy added with AlCrN and RbH and preparation method of aluminum alloy |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101363094A (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2009-02-11 | 贵州铝厂 | High-strength cast aluminium alloy material |
| CN102418011A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2012-04-18 | 贵州华科铝材料工程技术研究有限公司 | High-strength aluminum alloy added with AlCrN and RbH and preparation method of aluminum alloy |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112792319A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-05-14 | 山西江淮重工有限责任公司 | Counter-pressure casting process and counter-pressure casting equipment for lithium alloy castings |
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