CN105970046A - Aluminum alloy material for replacing QT500 agricultural machinery hydraulic pump and low-pressure casting method thereof - Google Patents

Aluminum alloy material for replacing QT500 agricultural machinery hydraulic pump and low-pressure casting method thereof Download PDF

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CN105970046A
CN105970046A CN201610493340.1A CN201610493340A CN105970046A CN 105970046 A CN105970046 A CN 105970046A CN 201610493340 A CN201610493340 A CN 201610493340A CN 105970046 A CN105970046 A CN 105970046A
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hydraulic pump
agricultural machinery
aluminum alloy
machinery hydraulic
alloy
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CN105970046B (en
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车云
张中可
门三泉
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Guizhou Huake Aluminium Material Engineering Technology Research Co Ltd
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Guizhou Huake Aluminium Material Engineering Technology Research Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an aluminum alloy material for replacing a QT500 agricultural machinery hydraulic pump. The aluminum alloy material is characterized by comprising the following main components in percentage by weight: 0.02-0.03% of strontium Sr, manganese Mn not more than 2%, 0.05-0.5% of cadmium Cd, 4.2-8.0% of copper Cu and Cu not less than 0.8 Mn+4.05%, and the balance of Al; and the Louis acid and alkali pair total quantity is 1%*10-4-2.0%.

Description

A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 agricultural machinery hydraulic pump and low-pressure casting method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 agricultural machinery hydraulic pump and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron (abbreviation magnesium iron) is one of material of main utilization in agricultural machinery industry, traces it to its cause and is that magnesium iron Low price, stable mechanical property and physical index.
This mechanical performance index of magnesium iron and criteria for classification thereof, can be as aluminum alloy materials innovative design, raising property Can to mark basis；Low-carbon (LC), intensive, high efficiency (high-effect), motility are pursued in current market, are that manufacturing industry is from tradition shape The mark that state is crossed over to high-end form.
In order to give full play to aluminium alloy with " gently " serial advantageous characteristic as representative, it is necessary to first make its aspect in " by force " have Tremendous development, can not have unacceptable manufacturing cost increment simultaneously, could significantly expand its use field.This just requires necessary First Al-alloy material design makes a breakthrough.
The method close examination prepared from material, owing to material feature is combined by the functional microcosmic thing that carry this feature Contribute out, therefore obtain good functional thing combined, such as high intensity, high-melting-point, high-ductility, high rigidity, corrosion resistant Erosions etc., are the final results of various preparation method pursuit.The mixed smelting of formula element and casting crystalline, be that fusion casting forms material The major contributing link of material thing phase molecule combinative structure, in fusion-casting process, solid solution crystal grain and the intermetallic of crystal boundary Thing molecule thing determine mutually alloy crystalline state combination (submicron particles: about yardstick 10～300 μm), subsequent heat treatment or Flow harden is then to fine structure under crystalline state group frame (micron particles: about yardstick 1～30 μm) or even more microcosmic Precise and tiny structure (Subnano-class or sub-micron grade particle: yardstick 10nm～＜ 1 μm) be adjusted and perfect, this adjustment and complete Kind degree and scope, in known technology and traditional view, it is believed that main by the alloy phase diagram district residing for alloy composition The combined decision of thing that territory is given, but, alloy phase diagram does not provide the interpolation of other trace element and gets rid of the impact produced, Add with less prediction and get rid of the directiveness that thing is affected by other trace element mutually.Use for reference alloy solution chemistry theory and Method improves melt structure, the covering of such as protecting film, the interpolation of slag former, refining agent or alterant, degasification slag removal and purification etc., It is to improve the combination of alloy crystalline state, fine structure or even the important technical of the more precise and tiny structure of microcosmic, but these means, by Then during preparing alloy, grope accumulation to get, be therefore often considered as " preparation technology " rather than " composition design " A part.
Scan thoroughly by aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy being up to the spherical aberration correction of the very high resolution of 0.08nm Penetrate ultramicroscope (STEM) precise and tiny constituency to analyze, it is thus achieved that set up various phase structures on an atomic scale, Atomic Resolution It is distributed with chemical element.Confirm wherein there is a series of hardening constituent, including well-known Al-Cu binary metastable phase (GP district, θ ＂, θ ＇), new disc phase and balance phase θ (Al2Cu)；Wherein inside matrix grain, new discovery one rod forked (T+ θ H) group Closing phase, the trunk portion T-phase of this combination phase is Al-Cu-Mn ternary phase, molecular structural formula Al20Cu2Mn3, molecule phase character Be diameter about 100nm, length about 600～1000nm be mandrel shape and its (010) face with alloy matrix aluminum 010} face coherence,； And apposition growth size is compared with the secondary phase of Al-Cu binary of big (thickness about 20nm, be about 50nm) around T-phase, owing to this is secondary Compare with other Al-Cu metastable phase in matrix (GP district, θ ＂, θ ＇ or other disc phase), structurally have very big difference, special Not being that thickness is thicker much than other Al-Cu metastable phase, therefore the present invention is referred to as θ H phase, and (x may for its molecular structural formula AlxCu Less than 2), it is a kind of rich Cu molecule.
On engineer applied, the size of aluminum alloy solution body crystal grain and state, and it is distributed in the intermetallic of crystal boundary The size and form of thing, has conclusive impact to the mechanical property of alloy.Thick plane crystalline substance, dendrite, column crystal etc. are no Ordered crystal and the thick brittle property intermetallic compound being distributed in crystal boundary, it is possible to the fine structure that alloy is good and precise and tiny knot The obdurability of matrix is contributed and is all balanced out, because the law of development that these coarse grains are deferred to results from casting mold cavity by structure The raw core of type wall, from the unidirectionally extended growth pattern of export-oriented liquid internal, cause alloy component segregation, crystallize thick unidirectional, The defect that macro property is uneven, thus become some common deficiencies of alloy, such as pin hole, pore, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, thick The root of big solid solution, high hardness compound, crackle etc..The routine used at present goes bad the means of means and crystal grain thinning, as Adding aluminum titanium boron or Al-Ti-C master alloy, best effect can only make mean grain size refine to 120～150 microns, and branch Brilliant form does not often have basic transformation, and this is the important bottleneck problem that alloy mechanical property improves.Because aluminum is closed For gold, it is thus achieved that the refinement of the approach that intensity and toughness improve simultaneously, only crystal grain and rounding；The adjustment of Technology for Heating Processing, At crystalline structure it has been determined that, intensity or one aspect of toughness can only be made to obtain and to optimize.Therefore, the thinnest Change and the mean grain size of rounding alloy, be the target pursued all the time of industrial circle.
Theoretical according to alloy strengthening, the intensity of alloy is material median surface or dislocation movement by slip is produced by the obstruction of particle , hinder the strongest, the intensity of material is the biggest.And particle hinders the knot that behavior interacts with material median surface or dislocation movement by slip Really, having two kinds: one is when the strong hardness of particle own is not high enough, dislocation will cut through particle and continue sliding, and another kind is particle Intensity is the highest, and dislocation cannot cut through, then can only walk around particle and continue sliding, and leave a circle dislocation ring around particle.
The size that the strength of materials is contributed by two kinds of results is apparent from: walks around particle ratio and cuts through particle to the strength of materials Contribution big；Cutting through particle can provide material preferable elongation percentage, and walks around particle due to the potentiation of dislocation ring, will carry For the higher yield strength of material and tensile strength.
The hydraulic pump of aluminum alloy materials corrosion-resistant strong, lightweight, plot ratio is high, simple in construction, be suitable under various environment making Industry.But the hydraulic pump discharge of most aluminum alloy materials is little, MTP is less than 20MPa, and this is this large-scale for agricultural machinery Plant equipment can not meet its needs, and the agricultural machinery hydraulic pump that the aluminum alloy materials designed herein is made can meet the highest The oil pressure supply of 40MPa, has good performance guarantee under low temperature and hot environment.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: provide a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 agricultural machinery hydraulic pump and Preparation method, wherein adds Lewis Acids and Bases pair, effectively to expedite the emergence of critical nucleus (obtaining equiax crystal), makes alloy before curing Obtain the optimal combined structure of molecule thing ((T+ θ H) combines phase), promote alloy crystalline state optimization, enable aluminum alloy to base material and realize 500MPa and higher strength grade, thus reach to produce the Al-alloy products substituting QT500.
The technical scheme is that
A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 agricultural machinery hydraulic pump, main constituent content by weight percentage: strontium Sr: 0.02%～0.03%, manganese Mn :≤2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%～0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%～8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+ 4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases is to total amount 1% × 10-4～2.0%, surplus is aluminum Al.
Described alloy grain is equiax crystal.
Described alloy mean grain size ＜ 120 microns, in alloy grain, sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase amount reaches >=1 Individual/square micron.
The described Lewis Acids and Bases negative ions body to being combined into for metal and part, metal carbides, complicated part The one of compound, or more than one mixing.
The negative ions body that described metal and part are combined into: include that six carbonyls close manganese cation body Mn (CO)6 +, three second Diamidogen closes nickel cation body [Ni (en)3]2+, chlordene close Molybdenum anion body [MoCl6]3-。
Described complicated ligand compound, including aluminium sulfide Al2S3
Described Lewis Acids and Bases pair, accounts for Al matrix percentage by weight by element addition, and scope is: Co ＜ 0.2%, Ru ＜ 0.1%, TiC ＜ 0.15%, Al2S3＜ 0.08%, Mn (CO)6 +＜ 0.05%,-[Ni(en)3]2+＜ 0.05%, [MoCl6]3- ＜ 0.03%.
The preparation method of a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 agricultural machinery hydraulic pump, comprises the steps of
(1) in the range of aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases is to, element ratio, selected one group of combinations of substances, determine weight ratio, according to Need the alloy total amount of preparation, extrapolate the weight of every kind of required material；
(2) adding aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid in smelting furnace, heating is also incubated more than 700 DEG C；
(3) adding manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, strontium Sr stirs, and the Lewis Acids and Bases that addition is selected, to combination, stirs；
(4) then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out furnace refining；
(5) remove the gred after refine, stand, sample analysis alloy composition, adjust chemical composition to rule according to analysis result In fixed deviation range；Homoiothermic is to more than 650 DEG C, and aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, online degasification, slagging-off；
(6) casting: use low pressure casting.
Described low-pressure casting, step is as follows:
1. melted molten metal is poured into insulation crucible, fill top cover labyrinth, insulation；
2. installing liter fluid catheter makes molten metal communicate with casting mold, locks casting mold；
Being passed through dry compressed air the most lentamente in crucible furnace, molten metal is by gas pressure, from bottom to top along liter Liquid pipe and running gate system are full of die cavity；
4. die cavity molten metal is kept to crystallize under stress；
5. removing the pressure in crucible after foundry goods molding, the molten metal in stalk rolls back crucible inner metal liquid face；
6. open casting mold, take out foundry goods；
7. surface quality inspection, cleaning trimming, internal flaw inspection, solid solution, Ageing Treatment, performance test can refer to gravity Casting.
8. solution treatment: foundry goods is completed roughing and inside and outside quality testing blank send into solid solution furnace, carry out 560 DEG C with Lower solution treatment, quenches after being incubated at once, uses water-cooled；
Ageing strengthening: the foundry goods completing solution treatment is sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening process, time below 230 DEG C Effect strengthening, after insulation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；
9. sample analysis test checking；
10. Practical Performance checking.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: pointed by lewis' theory of acids and bases, molecule solution can occur in aluminium alloy melt Body or " acid-base pair " material of (i.e. less than the scope of 1 nanometer) thing phase molecule structure optimization, application in contributing to time nano-area Fine structure in melt nanoscale scope adjusts, and is the topmost creative technological means of the present invention.
By using lewis' theory of acids and bases, make about Lewis Acids and Bases the interpolation of trace element of carrying and eliminating, Disintegrate at aluminium alloy melt environment generation molecule and convert, to provide the abundant disturbance in the hyperfine microcell of melt and to activate effect Should, reach to expedite the emergence of critical nucleus and formed in a large number, make alloy grain degree be refined further, form more rounding；Increase (T+ θ H) combination content in alloy substrate, is the mechanism problem of the alloy strengthening that the present invention solves.
Cation body and anion body are as Louis " acid-base pair ", and alloy grain refinement is had ordinary matter cannot be real Existing excellent effect, this be due to: these gas ions at normal temperatures as normal material molecule can stable existence, and at aluminum Alloy melt such high temperature acid or alkali environment occurs molecule disintegrate, generate lewis acid and lewis base；Owing to being molecule solution Body, so being " falling apart " of the atom combinative structure of a kind of nanometer range, its ligand moiety with gaseous exhaust out, discharges The core metal ion come then reselects and combines other atom.
This generation disintegration in aluminium alloy melt and reconstruct, dissolve different from common material, because: 1. under high temperature Decompose the incipient bubble only one of which molecular size (less than 1nm, i.e. secondary nanophase) that the gaseous material of release is formed, specific surface area Maximum, has the disturbance ability of extremely strong activity and nanometer range, is in the size range that crystallization critical nucleus is formed, thus And the fluctuation of energy of atom in the melt superfinishing microcell caused, structure rise and fall and the state such as composition fluctuations rises and falls all with extremely strong Characteristics of Mutation, promotes neighbouring more polyatom to cross over crystallization potential barrier, so being particularly conducive to a large amount of formation of critical nucleus, to gold Between genus, catalysis and the refinement of alloy structure crystal grain of compound reaction of formation all create and are better than the good of common alterant such as aluminum titanium boron Effect；This disturbance and activation effect in the superfinishing microcell of secondary nanometer range of positive and negative ion body simultaneously, is conventional additional purification The bubble (diameter is more than 0.5mm) that gas is formed cannot realize；2. the metallic atom or the cation that decompose release have ratio and join Volume that body is less and bigger specific surface area, it is higher to disturbance and the activation effect of neighboring atom, superfinishing microcell that is that cause State rises and falls more significantly, the most higher to intermetallic compound reaction of formation catalysis and alloy substrate tissue Grain Refinement Effect； 3. acid-base pair division in high-temperature fusant and reconstruct enhance particle in the dispersion of microcell and diffusion velocity, will not be as common gold Belong to or additive causes clustering like that, and restrained effectively the alloying component segregation and bulky grain matter caused because of additive Point gathering and grow up, this can effectively solve conventional die fining agent tendency of coarsening in crystallization process, such as, can prevent Titanium Ti and the roughening of rare-earth phase；4. part bubble can also occur secondary reaction, and after a series of changes, retinue purifies gas Discharge melt and (such as generate CO2、CH4、N2、NH3Or H2S) or enter slag (such as Al2O3、Al(HO)3Or Al4C3), this only Change effect, it is possible to most stable of solid-state or gaseous material, dissolving H in the melt and oxide impurity absorbs and decomposes, Thus its purification is more preferable than conventional gas purification mode effect.Here it is positive and negative ion body is as Lewis Acids and Bases pair Interpolation and eliminating, disintegrate at aluminium alloy melt environment generation molecule, atom reconstruct in acid-base chemical conversion and superfinishing microcell, to provide Abundant disturbance in melt superfinishing microcell and activation effect, reach to expedite the emergence of critical nucleus and generate in a large number and inhibiting grain growth work With, and realize the mechanism of more preferable clean-up effect.By this mechanism, matrix crystalline state is made generally to become equiax crystal, grain size Average less than 120 μm, further effect of optimization can reach grain size averagely in 50～100 μm.This effect, is simple use The gas purification technique of the conventional die fining agents such as aluminum titanium boron and aluminum titanium carbon and routine cannot realize.
Complicated ligand compound, as Lewis Acids and Bases pair, also has what ordinary matter cannot realize to alloy grain refinement Good result, because their molecular structure is similar with the structure of positive and negative ion body, can be at the such environment of aluminium alloy melt In the disintegration of middle generation molecule, acid-base chemical conversion and superfinishing microcell, atom reconstruct, also can discharge gaseous state or liquid when molecule disintegrates The part of state, after series reaction, retinue purifies gas discharge melt and (such as generates CO2、CH4、N2、NH3Or H2Or enter S) Enter slag (such as NaCl, KCl, Al (HO)3、Al2O3Or Al4C3), the metallic atom wherein discharged or ion, non-metallic atom or Ion, is all the ultra-fine fine particle of secondary nanophase, has the specific surface area of maximum, and be provided that in melt superfinishing microcell fully disturbs Move and activation effect, reach to expedite the emergence of critical nucleus and generate in a large number and the mechanism of inhibiting grain growth effect.By this mechanism, make Matrix crystalline state generally becomes equiax crystal, and grain size is averagely less than 120 μm, and further effect of optimization can reach grain size and puts down All in 50～100 μm, this effect, it is to use merely conventional die fining agent and the gas of routine such as aluminum titanium boron and aluminum titanium carbon Purification techniques cannot realize.
Therefore, main constituent is designed as by weight percentage: strontium Sr:0.02%～0.03%, manganese Mn :≤2%, cadmium Cd: 0.05～0.5%, copper Cu:4.2～8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05% Lewis Acids and Bases to total amount 1% × 10-4～ 2.0%, surplus is aluminum Al.Strontium Sr is surface active element, and in crystallography, strontium can change intermetallic compound phase.Therefore strontium is used Element carries out Metamorphism treatment can improve plastic working and the end product quality of alloy.Due to strontium rotten effective time length, Effect and the advantage such as repeatability is good, add 0.01% in aluminium alloy～0.03% strontium, make β-AlFe in ingot casting become Chinese character shape mutually α-AlFe phase, decreases the ingot homogenization time, improves material mechanical performance and plastic working；Improve product surface coarse Degree.
Due to the discovery of (T+ θ H) combination phase, when aluminium alloy strengthening design, it is possible to by increasing (T+ θ H) combination phase, The matrix strength enabling aluminum alloy to material obtains big lifting, and stability is well controlled, and this is the engineering that the invention solves the problems that Application problem, i.e. alternate series ductile iron material and goods.
In alloy melt, different metal atom or ion close, also can produce energy level splitting between them and heat occurs Chemical reaction (electron transfer does not occur) and form the pattern of intermetallic compound, due to define be different from matrix crystalline state point Minor structure, has preferable heat stability, so being also suitable lewis' theory of acids and bases.Such as at intermetallic compound molecule AlxCu and Al20Cu2Mn3In, according to electronegativity size, it is known that Al is easier to lose electronics than Cu, Mn, therefore, Al is Louis Alkali, Cu, Mn are lewis acids, AlxCu and Al20Cu2Mn3Louis's " acid-base pair " can be regarded as.External when add in melt Lewis Acids and Bases is to when decomposing, and the intermetallic compound presoma that can differ from matrix Presence of an interface is the most also disturbed and activates And recurring structure rises and falls, produce more critical nucleus, make (T+ θ H) combination concentration the most in the alloy and be evenly distributed density, Make up to 1/[μm]2Above, here it is Lewis Acids and Bases can increase Asia to disturbance and the activation effect at nanoscale Nanoscale particle (T+ θ H) combination phase and nanoscale particle GP district, θ ＂, the mechanism of θ ＇ tandem reinforcement phase.
Further, since foreign peoples's material concentration that Lewis Acids and Bases is bigger to being supplied to alloy melt, therefore increase The constitutional supercooling degree of melt crystallization process, causes nucleus quickly to cross critical dimension under higher crystallization power, and supercool Free nucleation and growth in liquid, formed and have isotropism and shape closer to spherical equi-axed crystal；Due to equiax crystal This because of the free growing endogenetic forming mechanism of liquid internal, change the irregular crystal edge such as plane crystalline substance, dendrite, column crystal The growth pattern that the raw core of type wall in casting mold cavity, the most export-oriented liquid internal are unidirectionally extended, therefore avoids or alleviates alloy Component segregation, crystallize thick unidirectional, defect that macro property is uneven, thus it is common to be prevented effectively from or alleviate some of alloy Defect, such as pin hole, pore, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, thick solid solution, high hardness compound, crackle etc..
Due to (T+ θ H) combination and Al-Cu binary disperse phase θ ' at different levels, θ ", GPI district be respectively provided with successively sub-micron grade, Subnano-class and nano level distortion of lattice effect, as long as if technical solution of the present invention is the quantity of (T+ θ H) combination phase in matrix Improve with distribution density, can be achieved with arranging in pairs or groups relative equal in terms of size, quantity and distribution with Al-Cu binary disperse phase Even, compact conformation, then it will produce the strongest distortion of lattice stress field (maximum dot matrix mismatch) each other, the most again with base Body overall coherence or half coherence completely, therefore define a three-dimensional elastoplasticity net battle array, whole in whole crystal grain three dimensions Individual intra-die creates similar " armored concrete " to the hierarchical reinforced structure of fabric structure potentiation (hereinafter referred to as " class concrete reinforced structure "), substantially improve the mechanical property of alloy；This in the range of crystal particle scale equally distributed superlastic mould Property tension structure have can effectively transfer particle as much as possible jointly participate in opposing, share and absorb external impact momentum The ability of (Dynamic And Static Loads), thus there is on microcosmic powerful fatigue resistance, macroscopically there is high-strength, high-ductility, height hard " three High unified " feature, only globular graphite and iron-based body in this " class concrete reinforced structure " and the spheroidal graphite cast-iron of ferrous materials class Two kinds of parallel constructions and grain size must change to obtain strong hardness between 15～500 μm can not improve (a side jointly with toughness Raising to reduce premised on the opposing party) matrix characteristics compare, it is clear that there is higher engineer applied and be worth.
According to lewis' theory of acids and bases, aluminum melt is an electron rich high temperature system, i.e. belongs to strong lewis base, has served as After the copper manganese of amount adds, owing to the electronegativity of copper manganese is relatively strong, the more electron cloud of suction, make the alkali of the alloy melt of formation Property reduce, surface tension increase, be unfavorable for the generation of critical nucleus；After adding electron rich material, balance the acid effect of copper manganese Should, the interfacial tension that original nucleus faces reduces, thus the original nucleus promoting the trunk T-phase of (T+ θ H) combination phase is grown into Critical nucleus, thus quantity and distribution density significantly improve in the alloy mutually to determine (T+ θ H) combination.
Detailed description of the invention
The specific embodiment of the invention includes 2 parts, and Part I is prompting and explanation, and Part II is for being embodied as Example.
Part I: point out and illustrate
The preparation method of a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 agricultural machinery hydraulic pump, comprises the steps of
(1) in the range of aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases is to, element ratio, selected one group of combinations of substances, determine weight ratio, according to Need the alloy total amount of preparation, extrapolate the weight of every kind of required material；
(2) adding aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid in smelting furnace, heating is also incubated more than 700 DEG C；
(3) adding manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, strontium Sr stirs, and the Lewis Acids and Bases that addition is selected, to combination, stirs；
(4) then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out furnace refining；
(5) remove the gred after refine, stand, sample analysis alloy composition, adjust chemical composition to rule according to analysis result In fixed deviation range；Homoiothermic is to more than 650 DEG C, and aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, online degasification, slagging-off；
(6) casting: use low pressure casting.
Described low pressure casting, step is as follows:
1. melted molten metal is poured into insulation crucible, fill top cover labyrinth, insulation；Pouring temperature adjusts 700～750 ℃；
2. installing liter fluid catheter makes molten metal communicate with casting mold, locks casting mold, more than preheated mold to 200 DEG C；
Being passed through dry compressed air the most lentamente in crucible furnace, molten metal is by gas pressure, from bottom to top along liter Liquid pipe and running gate system are full of die cavity；
4. die cavity molten metal is kept to crystallize under stress, dwell time more than 30s；
5. removing the pressure in crucible after foundry goods molding, the molten metal in stalk rolls back crucible inner metal liquid face；Open Open casting mold, take out foundry goods；
6. appearance quality detection: rough casting, before carrying out presentation quality inspection, should be cleaned out smooth, non-machined surface Dead head should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；
7. internal soundness detection: section dye penetrant inspection detection or integral fluorescence or X-ray check；
8. solution treatment: foundry goods is completed roughing and inside and outside quality testing blank send into solid solution furnace, carry out 560 DEG C with Under solution treatment, quench at once after insulation, water-cooled；
Ageing strengthening: the foundry goods completing solution treatment is sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening process, ageing strengthening technique 150～240 DEG C, after insulation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；Cast(ing) surface can carry out impeller blasting；
9. sample analysis test checking: cutting coupon from the foundry goods after Overheating Treatment, sampling point is selected in blank Body has the position that the appropriate location of allowance, foundry goods body are loaded uniform or concentrate, and each sampling point should cut three Root coupon；
Described mechanics property analysis includes tensile strength, yield strength, elongation percentage, hardness, and numerical indication is: tensile strength 530 ± 30Mpa, yield strength 450 ± 30Mpa, elongation percentage 5 ± 2%, hardness 160 ± 10HBS；
10. Practical Performance checking: processed and after assembling by machining, surface, be simulated the practicality of applying working condition Can detection test, including selecting fatigue test, wear test, reverse overload test or overvoltage test.
Part II: specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of aluminium alloy agricultural machinery hydraulic pump substituting QT500 and low-pressure casting method thereof
1, product parameter:
Maximum oil pressure MPa Operating temperature Output moment of torsion Nm
15～40 -40 °～115 ° 572～1550
2, production procedure: melt → suppress and fill type → holding pressure → release → cooling → die sinking pickup → cleaning, sawing → solid solution → timeliness；
3, alloy formula percentage by weight (%)
4, melt cast temperature >=700 DEG C；
5, mold preheating temperature >=200 DEG C；
6, filling time >=1s, fills type (gas) pressure: >=0.02MPa；
7, dwell time >=30s, keeps (gas) pressure: >=0.1MPa；
8, cool time: >=60s；
9, heat treatment: T6 (solid solution adds complete artificial aging)；
10, goods microstructure index: metallographic structure is equiax crystal, mean grain size 65～75 μm, in crystal grain (T+ θ H) Combination phase amount 2～3/[μm]2；
11, mechanical performance
Embodiment 2
A kind of aluminium alloy agricultural machinery hydraulic pump substituting QT500 and low-pressure casting method thereof
1, product parameter:
Maximum oil pressure MPa Operating temperature Output moment of torsion Nm
10～35 -60 °～135 ° 540～1250
2, production procedure: melt → suppress and fill type → holding pressure → release → cooling → die sinking pickup → cleaning, sawing → solid solution → timeliness；
3, alloy formula percentage by weight (%)
4, melt cast temperature >=700 DEG C；
5, mold preheating temperature >=200 DEG C；
6, filling time >=1s, fills type (gas) pressure: >=0.02MPa；
7, dwell time >=30s, keeps (gas) pressure: >=0.1MPa；
8, cool time: >=60s；
9, heat treatment: T6 (solid solution adds complete artificial aging)；
10, goods microstructure index: metallographic structure is equiax crystal, mean grain size 55～65 μm, in crystal grain (T+ θ H) Combination phase amount 1～2/[μm]2；
11, mechanical performance
A kind of aluminium alloy agricultural machinery hydraulic pump substituting QT500 and low-pressure casting method thereof
1, product parameter:
Maximum oil pressure MPa Operating temperature Output moment of torsion Nm
15～40 -40 °～115 ° 572～1550
2, production procedure: melt → suppress fills type → holding pressure → release → cooling → die sinking pickup → clear up, saws
Cut → solid solution → timeliness；
3, alloy formula percentage by weight (%)
4, melt cast temperature >=700 DEG C；
5, mold preheating temperature >=200 DEG C；
6, filling time >=1s, fills type (gas) pressure: >=0.02MPa；
7, dwell time >=30s, keeps (gas) pressure: >=0.1MPa；
8, cool time: >=60s；
9, heat treatment: T6 (solid solution adds complete artificial aging)；
10, goods microstructure index: metallographic structure is equiax crystal, mean grain size 65～75 μm, in crystal grain (T+ θ H) Combination phase amount 2～3/[μm]2；
11, mechanical performance

Claims (9)

1. the aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 agricultural machinery hydraulic pump, it is characterised in that: main constituent content is by weight percentage Meter: strontium Sr:0.02%～0.03%, manganese Mn :≤2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%～0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%～8.0% and Cu >= 0.8Mn+4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases is to total amount 1% × 10-4～2.0%, surplus is aluminum Al.
A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 agricultural machinery hydraulic pump the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: alloy Crystal grain is equiax crystal.
A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 agricultural machinery hydraulic pump the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: alloy Mean grain size ＜ 120 microns, in alloy grain, sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase amount reaches >=1/square micron.
A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 agricultural machinery hydraulic pump the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described The Lewis Acids and Bases negative ions body to being combined into for metal and part, metal carbides, the one of complicated ligand compound, Or more than one mixing.
A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 agricultural machinery hydraulic pump the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described The negative ions body that is combined into part of metal: include that six carbonyls close manganese cation body Mn (CO)6 +, triethylenediamine close nickel just from Daughter [Ni (en)3]2+, chlordene close Molybdenum anion body [MoCl6]3-。
A kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 agricultural machinery hydraulic pump the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described Complicated ligand compound, including aluminium sulfide Al2S3。
7., according to a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 agricultural machinery hydraulic pump one of claim 1-6 Suo Shu, its feature exists In: described Lewis Acids and Bases pair, account for Al matrix percentage by weight by element addition, scope is: Co ＜ 0.2%, Ru ＜ 0.1%, TiC ＜ 0.15%, Al2S3＜ 0.08%, Mn (CO)6 +＜ 0.05%,-[Ni(en)3]2+＜ 0.05%, [MoCl6]3- ＜ 0.03%.
The preparation method of a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 agricultural machinery hydraulic pump the most as claimed in claim 7, its feature exists In: comprise the steps of
(1) in the range of aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases is to, element ratio, selected one group of combinations of substances, determine weight ratio, as required The alloy total amount of preparation, extrapolates the weight of every kind of required material；
(2) adding aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid in smelting furnace, heating is also incubated more than 700 DEG C；
(3) adding manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, strontium Sr stirs, and the Lewis Acids and Bases that addition is selected, to combination, stirs；
(4) then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out furnace refining；
(5) remove the gred after refine, stand, sample analysis alloy composition, adjust chemical composition to regulation according to analysis result In deviation range；Homoiothermic is to more than 650 DEG C, and aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, online degasification, slagging-off；
(6) casting: use low pressure casting.
The preparation method of a kind of aluminum alloy materials substituting QT500 agricultural machinery hydraulic pump the most according to claim 8, its feature Being: described low pressure casting, step is as follows:
1. melted molten metal is poured into insulation crucible, fill top cover labyrinth, insulation；
2. installing liter fluid catheter makes molten metal communicate with casting mold, locks casting mold；
Being passed through dry compressed air the most lentamente in crucible furnace, molten metal is by gas pressure, from bottom to top along stalk It is full of die cavity with running gate system；
4. die cavity molten metal is kept to crystallize under stress；
5. removing the pressure in crucible after foundry goods molding, the molten metal in stalk rolls back crucible inner metal liquid face；
6. open casting mold, take out foundry goods；
7. surface quality inspection, cleaning trimming, internal flaw inspection, solid solution, Ageing Treatment, performance test can refer to gravity casting Make；
8. solution treatment: solid solution furnace sent into by the blank that foundry goods completes roughing and inside and outside quality testing, carries out less than 560 DEG C admittedly Molten process, quenches after being incubated at once, uses water-cooled；
Ageing strengthening: the foundry goods completing solution treatment being sent into aging furnace and carries out ageing strengthening process, timeliness is strong below 230 DEG C Change, after insulation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；
9. sample analysis test checking；
10. Practical Performance checking.
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