CN105963409A - 一种治疗小儿多汗、口干烦躁、睡眠不宁的药物组合物 - Google Patents
一种治疗小儿多汗、口干烦躁、睡眠不宁的药物组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗小儿多汗、口干烦躁、睡眠不宁的药物组合物,该药物组合物是由下述重量份的原料药制成:栀子71‑85份、莲子心20‑31份、淡豆豉71‑85份、珍珠母117‑143份、牡蛎117‑143份、蝉蜕71‑85份、桑叶142‑170份、龙眼肉46‑58份、茯苓90‑115份、莲子117‑143份、甘草32‑46份,克服现有治疗小儿多汗、口干烦躁、睡眠不宁药物的不足,提供一种治疗小儿多汗、口干烦躁、睡眠不宁效果较好的药物组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗小儿多汗、口干烦躁、睡眠不宁的药物组合物。
背景技术
小儿多汗、夜啼、烦躁难眠、躁动不安、多动等症均为婴幼及儿童的常见病,尤其在我国南方及东南亚地区,更为多见。它影响着婴幼儿及儿童的健康和发育,并且严重的困扰着父母长辈们的生活和工作。
小儿多汗、夜啼、烦躁难眠、躁动不安,多动等病症,其病机属中医“心热的症候,心热内蕴,不得清泄,是其因”。昔贤云:“热郁于内不得清散,发越为汗……,热退则汗自止;用桑叶、桑皮清之。”《诸病源候论》中指出“若心烦不得眠者,心热也。”《幼科发挥心所生病》曰:“心属火恶热,心热则烦多夜啼。”《临症备要》说:“小儿夜间惊哭,称为夜啼,以心肝两经为多”。“胸中热而不安为烦,手足而不宁为躁。”从前贤的论述中,可见这些症状前人躁有认识,尤其在《伤寒论》中提出了“反复颠倒,心中懊恼”用栀子豉汤治之的治则,启迪了我们,这种热象是虚热和郁热。它既不是阳明实热,又不是大小陷胸汤的主症;它既不是甘草大麦汤的脏躁,又不是导赤汤的心经实火;它是心肝两经的虚热郁热,以栀子豉汤清心疏肝,发越陈腐,确是要种病机。
中医博大精深,对治疗小儿多汗、口干烦躁、睡眠不宁的药物研究也是无止境的。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有治疗小儿多汗、口干烦躁、睡眠不宁药物的不足,提供一种治疗小儿多汗、口干烦躁、睡眠不宁效果较好的药物组合物。
本发明药物组合物中各组分的用量是发明人经过大量实践总结得出的,由下述重量份的原料药制成:
优选地,它是由下述重量份的原料药制成:
更优选地,它是由下述重量份的原料药制成:
本发明所述药物组合物的剂型可以是口服液、胶囊、片剂、汤剂等医学上可接受的剂型,它们的制备方法、辅料用量按现有常规工艺进行。
本发明所述药物组合物优选按照以下方法制备:
以上十一味,栀子、珍珠母、牡蛎、莲子、茯苓、甘草,粉碎成粗粉,与其余的莲子心等5味,加水煎煮二次,第一次加水6倍量,煎煮2小时,第二次加水5倍量,煎煮1.5小时,合并煎液,滤过,滤液浓缩至相对密度为约1.05(65-70℃)。放冷,加乙醇使含醇量达70%,搅匀,静置24小时,滤取上清液,减压回收乙醇,浓缩至相对密度为1.15-1.20(65-70℃)的清膏,加入水适量和蔗糖、苯甲酸钠,用饱和氢氧化钠溶液调pH值至8,用纯化水调整总量,静置4小时,滤过,灌封,灭菌,即得口服液。
本发明还包括上述药物组合物在制备治疗小儿多汗、口干烦躁、睡眠不宁药物中的应用。
本品以传统中医药理论为根据进行组方,方中以栀子、莲子心为君药,珍珠母、淡豆豉、牡蛎、桑叶、蝉蜕为臣药,龙眼肉、茯苓、莲子、甘草为佐药。
栀子,苦寒。归心、肺、三焦经。具有泻火除颊之功效。《医学启源》称:“疗心经客热,除烦躁,去上焦虚热,治风”。《本草衍义》称:“仲景治(伤寒)发汗吐下后,虚烦不得眠;若剧者,必反复颠倒,心中懊帐,栀子豉汤主之”。药理研究表明,栀予提取物对结扎总胆管动物的GOT升高有明显降低作用,栀子还能减轻四氯化碳引起的肝损害。栀子所含环烯醚萜甙等成分均有利胆作用,其醇提物可使胆汁分泌量增加。本品还有促进胰腺分泌作用,栀子及其几种提取物的明显的利胰,利胆及降胰酶效应,并有提高胰腺炎时机体的抗病能力,改善肝脏和胃肠系统的功能以及减轻胰腺炎等药理作用。另有报道,栀子提取物能降低心肌收缩力,具有降血压和镇静、降温等作用。现代临床应用于治疗急性黄疸型肝炎、消化道出血、冠心病,治疗小儿发热等。故在本方中起主要作用,选为君药。
莲子心,苦寒,归心、肾经。有清心安神,交通心肾,涩精止血的功效。据《随息居饮食谱》称:莲子心“敛液止汗,清热养神,止血固精”。药理研究表明,莲子心提取物具有降血压,有维持毛细管正常抵抗力的作用和降胆固醇作用,能祛火清热,对高血压有效,还具有镇静、催眠作用。故在本方中起主要作用,选为君药。
珍珠母,咸,寒,归肝、心经。有平肝潜阳,定惊明目的功效。用于头痛眩昏,烦燥失眠等。据《中国医学大辞典》称:珍珠母“滋肝阴,清肝火。治小儿惊搐发痉”。《饮片新参>称:珍珠母“平肝潜阳,安神魂,定惊痫”。现代药理临床研究表明用所制珍珠精母液,其注射液对功能性子宫出血,止血作用快,而且对更年期妇女的精神烦燥、睡眠不好,食欲不振等症状有明显改善。另可能促凝血或抗纤溶作用。对再生障碍性贫血、血小板减少治疗有效。故为臣药。
淡豆豉,苦、辛、凉,归肺、胃经。有解表、除烦、宣发郁热的功效。用于烦躁胸闷,虚烦不眠等症。据《药性论》记载,淡豆豉“能止盗汗,除烦”。据《本经疏证》记载:“盖烦者阳盛,躁者阴逆,阳盛而不得下交,阴逆而不能上济,是以神不安于内,形不安于外,最是仲景形容之妙,曰反复颠倒,心中懊浓。惟其反复颠倒,心中懊恼,正可见上以热盛,不受阴之滋,下因阴逆,不受阳之降,治之不以他药,止以豆豉栀子汤,以栀子能泄热下行,即可知豆豉能散阴上逆矣”。药理试验表明能促进细胞的新阵代谢并有血管扩张作用。故为臣药。
牡蛎,咸,微寒,归肝、胆、肾经。有重镇安神、潜阳补阴,收敛固涩之功效。用于惊悸失眠,白汗盗汗等症。据《药性论)称:牡蛎“止盗汗,除风热”。《本草拾遗》记载,“牡蛎捣为粉,粉身,主大人小儿盗汗”。《现代实用中药>报道:“为制酸剂,有和胃镇痛作用,治胃酸过多,身体虚弱,盗汗及心悸动惕肉朗等,对于怀孕妇女及小儿钙质缺乏与肺结核等有效。”故为臣药。
桑叶,甘、苦、寒,归肺、肝经。有疏散风热等功效。《本草经疏》:“桑叶,甘所以益血,寒所以凉血,甘寒相合,故下气而益阴,是以能主阴虚寒热及因内热出汗”。《重庆堂随笔》:“桑叶,虽治盗汗,而风温暑热服之,肺气清肃,即能汗解”。药理研究表明本品具有降血压、镇痛、平喘、抗炎、抗癌、明目等作用。故为臣药。
蝉蜕,甘、寒,归肺、肝经。有散风除热等功效。据《纲目》称:蝉蜕“治小儿噤风天吊,惊哭夜啼”。《药性论》称:“小儿浑身壮热惊痫,兼能止渴”。药理试验表明具有镇静、抗惊厥、解热作用和清除蛋白尿、恢复肾功能。具有抗过敏作用。又能治外感风热、温病初起,疹出不透或声音嘶哑等上焦风热证;又能入厥阴经,清肝经风热证,故为臣药。
龙眼肉,甘、温,归心、脾经。有补益心脾,养血安神的功效。据《滇南本草>记载:龙眼肉“养血安神,长智敛汗,开胃盏脾”。药理试验表明本品能刺激造血系统,增进红细胞及血红蛋白,升高血小板;本品含的槲皮素有改善毛细血管脆性和良好的祛痰作用,促进痰液的分泌和气管纤毛运动。据报道,槲皮素有抑癌作用。本品含的β-谷甾醇能降低血中胆固醇含量,并有镇咳祛痰作用。另有报道,本品煎剂有抗菌作用和利尿与扩张肾动脉增加血流量。李氏称:龙眼粥,补益心脾,养血安神。故为佐药。
茯苓,甘、淡、平,归心、肺、脾、肾经。有健脾宁心等功效,用于心神不宁,惊悸失眠等症。《药性论>称:茯苓“开胃、止呕逆,善安心神。治小儿惊痫”。药理试验结果表明,茯苓多糖具有抗胸腺萎缩及抗脾脏增大和抑瘤生长的功能。羧甲基茯苓多糖还有免疫调节、保肝降酶、间接抗病毒,诱生和促诱生干扰素,减轻放射副反应,诱生和促诱生白细胞调节素等多种生理活性,无不良毒副作用。茯苓对四氯化碳所致大鼠肝损伤有明显的保护作用,使谷丙转氨酶活性明显降低,防止肝细胞坏死。茯苓煎剂腹腔注射,能明显降低小鼠的自发活动,并能对抗咖啡因所致小鼠过度兴奋。茯苓煎剂小鼠腹腔注射对戊巴比妥钠的麻醉有明显的协同作用,可增强硫喷妥钠对小鼠中枢抑制作用,麻醉时间显著延长,证明茯苓具有镇静作用。据报道,临床应用茯苓治疗水肿、肿瘤、婴儿腹泻、精神分裂症等均有一定治疗效果。故为佐药。
莲子,甘、涩、平,归脾、肾、心经。补脾止泻,益肾涩精,养心安神。用于心悸失眠等证。《食医心镜》称:莲子“止渴,去热”。《滇南本草》称:“清心解热”。故为佐药。
甘草,甘、平,归心、肺、脾、胃经,补脾益气,清热解毒,调合诸药。《日华子本草》记载:甘草“安魂定魄。补五劳七伤,一切虚损,惊悸,烦闽,健忘。通九窍,利百脉,益精养气,壮筋骨,解冷热”。药理试验结果表明,甘草有去氧皮质酮样作用,甘草浸膏、甘草粉等制剂对轻症阿狄森氏病有较好疗效。甘草有促皮质激素样作用、有抗溃疡作用、有解痉、促进胰液分泌,保护肝脏等作用。从甘草浸膏中提得和各种甘草次酸样品对大鼠棉球法、福尔马林浮肿法,肉芽肿袋法其及用卡介苗致敏的豚鼠皮肤的结核菌素的反应,均表现出抗炎作用。低浓度甘草甜紊有刺激巨噬细胞吞噬作用。此外,甘草有抗癌、抗病毒及抗菌作用和降脂、抑制血小板聚集集,抗心率失常等作用。还有报道,甘草还能促进咽喉及支气管的分泌,使痰容易咳出,呈现止咳平喘和祛痰镇咳作用;实验发现甘草浸膏和甘草甜素有解毒作用,甘草及其甘草各种制制在I临床应用十分广泛。据报道,临床应用治疗流行性乙型脑炎、阿狄森氏病、胃及十二指肠溃疡、婴幼儿便秘,治疗肝炎、心律不齐、肺结核、贫血、皮肤溃疡、慢性前列腺炎合并阳萎、疱疹性角膜炎、巩膜炎、腓肠肌痉挛、慢性咽炎、血栓性静脉炎、食物中毒等均收到一定的疗效(34)。由于其甜味能盖过其他药材的苦辛味,在中医儿科处方
综上所述,发明人在栀子豉汤方的基础上结合地域和婴幼儿及儿童的特点,加上珍珠母、牡蛎、龙眼肉等,在清疏中加入育阴潜阳、健脾宁神益智之品,制成此方,以上诸药合用,具有镇静、安神、止汗、抗惊厥和益智等作用,成就治疗“小儿多汗,口苦口干,烦躁不安,睡眠不宁”的独特疗效。治疗婴幼儿及儿童的汗多、夜啼、烦躁难眠、烦躁不安、多动等症,以及成人的失眠、狂躁型的精神病患者等均有较好的疗效。
具体实施方式
下面以具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明并不局限于这些实施例。
实施例1
以上十一味,栀子、珍珠母、牡蛎、莲子、茯苓、甘草粉碎成粗粉,与其余的莲子心等5味,加水煎煮二次,第一次加水6倍量,煎煮2小时,第二次加水5倍量,煎煮1.5小时,合并煎液,滤过,滤液浓缩至相对密度为约1.05(65-70℃)。放冷,加乙醇使含醇量达70%,搅匀,静置24小时,滤取上清液,减压回收乙醇,浓缩至相对密度为1.15-1.20(65-70℃)的清膏,加入常规用量的淀粉、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁辅料,按常规工艺,制成胶囊,0.5g/粒。
实施例2
以上十一味,栀子、珍珠母、牡蛎、莲子、茯苓、甘草粉碎成粗粉,与其余的莲子心等5味,加水煎煮二次,第一次加水6倍量,煎煮2小时,第二次加水5倍量,煎煮1.5小时,合并煎液,滤过,滤液浓缩至相对密度为约1.05(65-70℃)。放冷,加乙醇使含醇量达70%,搅匀,静置24小时,滤取上清液,减压回收乙醇,浓缩至相对密度为1.15-1.20(65-70℃)的清膏,加入常规用量的蔗糖粉,按常规工艺制成颗粒剂。
实施例3
以上十一味,栀子、珍珠母、牡蛎、莲子、茯苓、甘草粉碎成粗粉,与其余的莲子心等5味,加水煎煮二次,第一次加水6倍量,煎煮2小时,第二次加水5倍量,煎煮1.5小时,合并煎液,滤过,滤液浓缩至相对密度为约1.05(65-70℃)。放冷,加乙醇使含醇量达70%,搅匀,静置24小时,滤取上清液,减压回收乙醇,浓缩至相对密度为1.15-1.20(65-70℃)的清膏,加入常规用量的淀粉、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁辅料,按常规工艺,制成颗粒,压片,0.5g/片。
实施例4
以上十一味,栀子、珍珠母、牡蛎、莲子、茯苓、甘草粉碎成粗粉,与其余的莲子心等5味,加水煎煮二次,第一次加水6倍量,煎煮2小时,第二次加水5倍量,煎煮1.5小时,合并煎液,滤过,滤液浓缩至相对密度为约1.05(65-70℃)。放冷,加乙醇使含醇量达70%,搅匀,静置24小时,滤取上清液,减压回收乙醇,浓缩至相对密度为1.15-1.20(65-70℃)的清膏.加入水适量和蔗糖170g、苯甲酸钠3g,用饱和氢氧化钠溶液调pH值至8,用纯化水调整总量至1000ml,静置4小时,滤过,灌封,灭菌,即得口服液。
实施例5
以上十一味,栀子、珍珠母、牡蛎、莲子、茯苓、甘草粉碎成粗粉,与其余的莲子心等5味,加水煎煮二次,第一次加水6倍量,煎煮2小时,第二次加水5倍量,煎煮1.5小时,合并煎液,滤过,滤液浓缩至相对密度为约1.05(65-70℃)。放冷,加乙醇使含醇量达70%,搅匀,静置24小时,滤取上清液,减压回收乙醇,浓缩至相对密度为1.15-1.20(65-70℃)的清膏,加入常规用量的淀粉、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁辅料,按常规工艺,制成颗粒,压片,0.5g/片。
实验例:本发明实施例4治疗小儿多汗、口苦烦躁、睡眠不宁临床疗效观察:
临床资料:共观察病人180例,广西中医学院第一附属医院观察60例,广西中医学院第二附属医院观察60例,广西区人民医院观察60例。
(一)、一般资料180例中,阴虚内热之小儿汗证患者,治疗组120例,对照组60例。男性患者96例,女性患者84例,纳入观察对象均为1~6岁婴幼儿及儿童;治疗组120例,采用实施例4得到的口服液,对照组60例,采用武汉健民制药厂生产的“龙牡壮骨冲剂”。两组性别、年龄、病程、病源分布均无显著差异(P<0.05),见表1。
(二)、病例选择及中医诊断标准
汗证是指不正常出汗的一种病证。即在安静状态下,或无故而全身或局部出汗过多,甚则大汗淋漓。
小儿汗证有自汗、盗汗之分,睡中汗出,醒时汗止者称“盗汗”,不分寤寐,无故汗出者,称“自汗”。盗汗多为阴虚,自汗多为阳虚。但不论盗汗、自汗,又各有阴阳之证。《景岳全书汗证》云:“自汗、盗汗亦各有阴阳之证,不得谓自汗必属阳虚,盗汗必属阴虚也”。本证指因虚而至汗出,即平常所称之“虚汗”。因温热病所致汗出,不在范畴。
选择阴虚内热证者为观察对象,其证型标准为:以盗汗为主,或伴自汗,形体消瘦,神萎不振,心烦少寐,寐后汗多,或伴低热,口干,手足心灼热、苔少或见削苔,脉细弱或细数。
观察方法:
采用分组随机、实验对照方法观察。治疗组用实施例4得到的口服液,服法:口服,1-2岁一次5ml,一日两次;3-4岁一次5ml,一日三次;5-6岁一次10ml,一日两次;均连服七天。对照组用“龙牡壮骨冲剂”,服法:开水冲服,搅匀服下,2岁以下一次一包,2-6岁一次1.5包,一日三次,连服七天。试验前常规对患儿详细体格检査,符合病例选择者即纳入观察对象。试验后第3、5、7天各随诊1次,询问用药情况,记录病情及副作用。治疗效果用记分法评定(详见观察表),疗效判断直接由观察者作出,观察期间不用类似药物。
结果:
(一)、疗效评定标准:
1、近期痊愈:盗汗(或自汗)消失。
2、显效:盗汗(或自汗)改善2级。
3、好转:盗汗(或自汗)改善1级。
4、无效:达不到上述标准率。
(二)、治疗效果:
1、对各种症状的改善作用:各组在治疗后患儿盗汗或自汗、烦躁少寐、口干、手足心热等症均有明显改善(P<0.01),见表2,提示实施例4得到的口服液、“龙牡壮骨冲剂”对所治疗疾病的常见症状均有明显的改善作用。
2、各组疗效比较实施例4得到的口服液组120例,痊愈32例,显效27例,有效54例,无效7例,总有效率94.2%,其治疗阴虚内热之汗证患儿与“龙牡壮骨冲剂”疗效无明显差异(P>0.05),见表3。
毒副作用:
实施例4得到的口服液在观察期间未见任何不良反应或毒副作用。
结论
通过对120例病人的观察,提示:
1、实施例4得到的口服液具有清心除烦、敛阴止汗之功效,适用于小儿汗症。本组120例总有效率为94.2%。
2、实施例4得到的口服液安全可靠,本组120例在观察期间未发现任何不良反应或毒副作用。
表1:治疗组与对照组性别、年龄、病程和病源分布比较
注:两组比较,P值均<0.05
表2:见证积分治疗前后比较(X±SD)
注:治疗前后比较,P值均<0.01
表3:治疗组与对照组疗效比较(X±SD)
实施例4得到的口服液经广西中医学院一附院、二附院、区人民医院对120例临床结果表明:本品对阴虚内热之汗证患儿有较好的治疗作用,总有效率为94.2%,在临床期间无任何不良反应和毒副作用。治疗后患儿盗汗或自汗、烦躁少寐、口干、手足心热等症均有明显改善,提示本品具有清心除烦,敛阴止汗之功效。在治疗小儿汗证(阴虚内热型)疗效与对照组武汉健民制药厂生产的龙牡壮骨冲剂一致。
Claims (4)
1.一种治疗小儿多汗、口干烦躁、睡眠不宁的药物组合物,其特征在于:该药物组合物是由下述重量份的原料药制成:
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗小儿多汗、口干烦躁、睡眠不宁的药物组合物,其特征在于:该药物组合物是由下述重量份的原料药制成:
3.根据权利要求2所述的治疗小儿多汗、口干烦躁、睡眠不宁的药物组合物,其特征在于:该药物组合物是由下述重量份的原料药制成:
4.权利要求1-2中任一项所述的药物组合物在制备治疗小儿多汗、口干烦躁、睡眠不宁的药物中的应用。
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