CN105952465A - A monitoring method for a surrounding rock and full face tunnel boring machine shield interaction process - Google Patents
A monitoring method for a surrounding rock and full face tunnel boring machine shield interaction process Download PDFInfo
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- CN105952465A CN105952465A CN201610361371.1A CN201610361371A CN105952465A CN 105952465 A CN105952465 A CN 105952465A CN 201610361371 A CN201610361371 A CN 201610361371A CN 105952465 A CN105952465 A CN 105952465A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012502 risk assessment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000031481 Pathologic Constriction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001215 vagina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/003—Arrangement of measuring or indicating devices for use during driving of tunnels, e.g. for guiding machines
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/10—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of frequency of stressed vibrating elements, e.g. of stressed strings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
Abstract
The invention provides a monitoring method for a surrounding rock and full face tunnel boring machine shield interaction process. The method comprises the steps of: A, welding and installing pressure boxes to the outer surface of a shield for testing the extrusion force applied to the shield by surrounding rocks directly, placing cables of the pressure boxes in flexible cable-protecting casing pipes, and leading the cables into the shield and connecting the cables to a reading device; B, installing a surface strain sensor in each of the annular direction and the longitudinal direction of each monitoring point on the inner surface of the shield, and inversely calculating the extrusion force applied to the shield by the surrounding rocks according to the principle of elastic mechanics based on the tested annular and longitudinal strains of the inner surface of the shield; C, according to the acquired distribution rules of the extrusion force applied to the shield by the surrounding rocks, calculating the friction force borne by the shield on the premise of linear distribution of the extrusion force between two adjacent measuring points; D, according to the jamming state judging criteria and jamming risk coefficient calculation method, calculating whether the shield is jammed and giving early warning of a jamming risk level. The method solves the problem in monitoring of surrounding rock and shield interaction in a shield type TMB tunneling process, provides basis for the predictive analysis of jamming accidents and is of great importance for the safety of TBM tunneling.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to country rock and supporting construction interaction monitoring method field, be more particularly to a kind of TBM and tunnel bar
Under part, country rock and TBM shield interaction process monitoring method are it can also be used to test the country rock load to other supporting construction.
Background technology
Shield formula complete-section tunnel boring machine (TBM) is so that driving and installation section of jurisdiction synchronize to carry out, and drivage efficiency is high,
Construction safety, is widely used in tunnel piercing.But, TBM, in Deep-buried Long And Big Tunnels and deep-well tunnel are built, generally requires and wears
More some high-ground stress weakness, broken rocks, easily there is large deformation in country rock.When the deflection of shield region country rock exceedes excavation in advance
During deformation gap between the country rock stayed and shield, country rock starts to contact with shield and extrude shield, and then the country rock when TBM advances
Shield is produced frictional resistance, just causes TBM to protect when the thrust that TBM propulsion system provides is not enough to overcome frictional resistance suffered by shield
Shield, by card, even causes shield to damage.TBM card machine accident from mechanical essence for be exactly contacting-squeezing between country rock with shield
Pressure-friction interacts.Therefore, judge TBM card machine accident to predict, be highly desirable to the phase testing country rock with TBM shield
Interaction.Wherein country rock is the key of country rock and the monitoring of shield interaction process to the test of shield extruding force, but due to following
Reason, the most domestic and international maturation method the most not monitoring country rock and shield interaction process:
(1) TBM producer is not owing to having testing requirement, therefore the not assembling test country rock extruding force when designing production and dispatching from the factory
Sensor.
(2) unit in charge of construction is the most also the measure of overcoming difficulties of the most passively taking when there is card machine accident, and is seldom entering in advance
Row surrouding rock deformation and the country rock real-time monitoring to shield extruding force.
(3) the least due to the prearrangement of deformation amount gap between country rock and shield, usually 5～10cm, observation space is narrow and small, and
Along with TBM tunnels the most forward, shield and country rock will produce Relative sliding, and many sensings and monitoring device are difficult to be arranged on this
In narrow and small observation space, even with some flat thin shapes sensor install after will shield along with TBM driving reach time
The country rock of the surface irregularity being accessed is scratched and is dropped, or squeezes and ruin, therefore there is presently no special test country rock with
The method of testing of shield interaction process.
In view of being that reserved between country rock and shield to dig deformation gap little when TBM excavates, the feature that the test space is narrow and small, this
Patent of invention proposes a kind of country rock and TBM shield interaction monitoring method.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve a difficult problem for country rock and complete-section tunnel boring machine (TBM) shield interaction process real-time testing, this
The purpose of invention is to there are provided a kind of country rock and complete-section tunnel boring machine (TBM) shield interaction process monitoring side
Method, easy to implement the method, easy and simple to handle, this method of testing can not only test the country rock extruding force to shield at certain point, moreover it is possible to test
Country rock and shield come into contact with from where, contact range and the regularity of distribution of extruding force, moreover it is possible to calculate between country rock and shield
Frictional resistance, thus predict and judge that whether shield is by card.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of country rock and complete-section tunnel boring machine (TBM) shield interaction process monitoring method, the steps include:
(1) shield extruding force is monitored by country rock: uses shield outer surface to install pressure cell and directly measures and shield inner surface
Surface strain sensor is installed and indirectly measures the method combined.Specific as follows:
1. shield outer surface is installed pressure cell and is directly tested country rock to shield extruding force:
Devise a kind of for testing the country rock pressure cell to shield extruding force, make full use of this kind of micro pressure box body and amass
Little, protruding pressure contact can directly measure the country rock extruding force to shield at this measuring point, is fixed on by pressure cell and protects
Shield outer surface measuring country rock is to shield extruding force.It includes cup-shaped base, annular lid, pressure transducer and wire bushing pipe, its
Annexation is: by the bottom welding of cup-shaped base at shield outer surface, be carved with pitch in the range of the 8mm of cup-shaped base upper end
The outside screw of 1mm, and open a square groove in cup-shaped base upper end；Pressure transducer is put in cup-shaped base, by pressure
The pressure transducer cable that sensor carries passes from cup-shaped base upper recess, overlaps around pressure transducer cable
Upper wire bushing pipe；Making a top annular lid, the outermost end at annular lid has lid outward flange, at annular lid outward flange
Inside it is carved with the inside thread of pitch 1mm, opens, at annular lid center, the circular hole that Radius is 10mm, then by annular lid lid,
Cup-shaped base and annular lid are threaded connection；The pressure contact of pressure transducer exposes from annular lid center hole.
Its structural relation and installation method be: processing and fabricating one upper end is left groove and carves threaded cup-shaped base, during on-the-spot test
By cup-shaped base bottom welding on complete-section tunnel boring machine (TBM) shield outer surface, for placement force sensor and general
Sensor is fixed on testee complete-section tunnel boring machine (TBM) shield outer surface, and plays opposing when monitoring and test
The effect of shearing force after country rock and sensor contacts during complete-section tunnel boring machine (TBM) reach；This end is treated during in-site installation
Pressure transducer is put in this cup-shaped base, by sensor cable line from cup-shaped base upper recess after seat welding cooling
Draw, and around cable, lay flexible steel loop wire bushing pipe for protecting cable in order to avoid being touched when shield moves forward
Rock extruding, abrasion；Making has inside center hole, outward flange carves threaded annular lid, covers internal placement
Pressure transducer, and the pressure contact of sensor is exposed, it is possible to contact with the country rock of surrounding；Treat that pressure transducer puts into cup
On shape base bonnet, this annular lid, is connected annular lid by screw threads for fastening with cup-shaped base, now pressure transducer top
The pressure contact in portion exposes from annular lid center hole, just constitutes test country rock and protects complete-section tunnel boring machine (TBM)
The pressure cell of shield extruding force.Pressure cell is arranged to array test country rock shield extruding force is distributed: encircle at shield outer surface
Top, left and right two are takeed on and left and right two helps totally five rows, often row ten to install pressure cell, see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.By all for shield outer surface pressures
Power box cable is concentrated and is merged in stock introducing shield, and protective cable wire casing pipe uses AB glue to glue with shield outer surface box hat
Knot is firmly, it is simple to measure, and thus forms a real-time testing country rock at shield outer surface and tests the array of shield extruding force
Network.Being introduced into the cable in space in shield and access data collecting instrument, read data, what note i-th pressure cell was measured squeezes
Pressure is Pi。
2. shield inner surface strain testing, inverse country rock is to shield extruding force
At shield inner surface, surface strain sensor (type vibration wire or fiber Bragg grating type surface strain sensor) is installed.Protecting
Shield inner surface vault, left and right two are takeed on and totally five rows, often ten measuring points of row are helped in left and right two.Each measuring point hoop is respectively mounted one with longitudinal
Individual strain transducer (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2), longitudinal sensor is used for testing shield longitudinal strainHoop strain sensor is used for
Test shield hoop strain εθ, measure longitudinal at the i-th measuring point and the strain of hoop both direction accordinglyWithEach measuring point
Place's infinitesimal stress as shown in Figure 6, can be calculated country rock at this measuring point according to principle of elasticity and squeeze shield
Pressure Pi':
Wherein:It is the i-th measuring point infinitesimal longitudinal strain,It it is the i-th measuring point infinitesimal hoop strain；It it is the i-th measuring point infinitesimal
Longitudinal stress；It is the i-th measuring point infinitesimal circumference stress, Pi' it is that the equivalent country rock suffered by the i-th measuring point infinitesimal is to shield extruding force；E
For shield bullet mould, μ is shield Poisson's ratio.
Complete-section tunnel boring machine (TBM) shield two ends in the vertical do not retrain, and for free boundary, therefore set each survey
Longitudinal stress at DianThen above formula (1), (2) can be write as:
Solve:
At vault, at outer surface, pressure cell is installed simultaneously and at inner surface, axial, circumferential surface strain transducer is installed,
Extruding force P then pressure cell at vault same observation station recordediEquivalent extruding force P drawn with shield inner surface strain inversei'
Comparing checking, coefficient between the two is designated as k:
Also same proportionate relationship, the then strain of shield inner surface is substantially conformed at other strain measuring points in data display shield
Extruding force P suffered by shield outer surface corresponding at i-th measuring pointiFor:
Pi=kPi' (8)
(2) the extruding force regularity of distribution obtained by measurement calculates frictional resistance suffered by shield.
Owing to measuring point spacing is relatively near, it is therefore assumed that the extruding force between adjacent measuring point obeys linear distribution, as shown in Figure 2.
And upper and lower for shield two halves shape, stress are considered as symmetry.Therefore, obtain each ring monitoring measuring point corresponding to because of
Frictional resistance suffered by the shield that country rock extruding force produces
In formula:Frictional resistance (j=1,2,3 ... 10) suffered by the shield that jth ring monitoring measuring point region is corresponding, f is country rock
And the coefficient of friction between shield, PiFor hoop the i-th measuring point country rock to shield extruding force (i=1,2,3 ... 8), Pi+1It is (i+1)
Measuring point country rock is to shield extruding force, and L is the chord length between the i-th measuring point and (i+1) measuring point, RsFor shield internal diameter, αiIt it is the i-th measuring point
The central angle corresponding with between (i+1) measuring point, Δ l is the spacing between longitudinally adjacent measuring point.
Every ring monitoring calculated frictional resistance of measuring point is added and adds because complete-section tunnel boring machine (TBM) deadweight is produced
Raw frictional resistance, just obtains the total frictional resistance R suffered by shieldf:
In formula: RfTotal frictional resistance suffered by shield, W is complete-section tunnel boring machine (TBM) deadweight, and j is upper monitoring
The sequence number (j=1,2,3 ... 10) of measuring point.
(3) based on card machine condition discrimination criterion, according to frictional resistance and tunneling boring tunnel digging suffered by the shield tested and calculated
Enter the thrust magnitude relationship that machine (TBM) propulsion system provides, calculate card machine risk factor and prediction judges whether card machine.Its
In, card machine condition discrimination criterion is:
In formula: FbFor complete-section tunnel boring machine (TBM) machine normally continuous digging excavation required thrust, FIFor tunneling boring
The normal thrust that tunneler (TBM) propulsion system can be provided by；FrFor overcoming the thrust required for frictional resistance suffered by shield,
Equal to frictional resistance suffered by shield:
Fr=Rf (12)
Differentiate that whether complete-section tunnel boring machine (TBM) shield is by card accordingly.
The risk factor K of complete-section tunnel boring machine (TBM) card machinesIt is defined as:
In formula: FfFor the gross thrust required for complete-section tunnel boring machine (TBM) driving reach.
Calculate the risk factor of card machine accordingly, carry out card machine risk analysis.Risk factor size according to calculating will be broken entirely
Face tunneler (TBM) card machine risk is divided into level Four: not card machine, slight card machine, serious card machine and very serious card machine, as
Shown in table 1.
Table 1TBM card machine state risk stratification
| Ksg | TBM card machine risk class |
| Ks<1 | Not card machine |
| 1≤Ks<1.2 | Slight card machine |
| 1.2≤Ks<1.5 | Serious card machine |
| Ks≥1.5 | Very serious card machine |
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and effect:
(1) use shield outer surface that pressure cell is installed simultaneously and directly measure country rock to shield extruding force and shield inner surface peace
Extruding force measured indirectly by dress surface strain sensor so that measuring instrument is installed simpler, firm, and measurement result more may be used
Lean on.
(2) the test country rock of designed, designed making is to the pressure cell of shield extruding force when test is installed, and welding high temperature is not
Can be delivered on pressure transducer, will not damage sensor internal structure, and ensure that internal pressure sensor will not be with
Shield and TBM move forward and are scratched and drop and damage.
(3) frictional resistance suffered by shield can be calculated according to test result and judge that whether shield is by card.
Use the method to carry out country rock in certain engineering shield formula TBM to try with shield interaction process monitoring field
Test, this TBM shield outer surface be mounted with to test country rock to the pressure cell of shield extruding force, at shield inner surface hoop and axially
Being mounted with type vibration wire and fiber Bragg grating type surface strain sensor, mounting means is as in figure 2 it is shown, the most once supervise in the middle part of shield
The test result surveying section is as shown in table 2:
Table 2 shield formula TBM country rock and shield interaction monitoring result (symbol, with pressure for just, draws as negative)
Note: parameter value in formula (5), (6) and (9): E=212GPa, μ=0.2, f=0.35, Rs=4m, L=1m, W=
20MN。
It is calculated the K=0.81227 of this ring monitoring measuring point, and is calculated suffered by this ring shield according to formula (9)
Frictional resistanceThe frictional resistance other each ring monitoring sections calculated according to formula (10) is added adds
The frictional resistance that TBM deadweight causes can be calculated total frictional resistance suffered by shield, thus calculates card according to formula (11) and formula (13)
Machine risk factor and prediction judge whether card machine, therefore use the method to be capable of country rock and TBM shield interaction process
Monitoring, it is possible to prediction judge that whether TBM shield is by jam.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of country rock and shield interaction test sensor complete layout.
Fig. 2 is a kind of point layout cross-sectional view.
Fig. 3 is a kind of to test the country rock pressure cell entirety front view to TBM shield extruding force.
Fig. 4 is a kind of cup-shaped base top view.
Fig. 5 is a kind of annular lid top view.
Fig. 6 is the stress state figure of a kind of shield inner surface strain measuring point infinitesimal.
In figure: 1. shield outer surface, 2. complete-section tunnel boring machine (TBM) cutterhead, 3. pressure cell, 4. pressure cell cable
Line, 5. shield inner surface, 6. circumferential surface strain transducer, 7. longitudinal surface strain transducer, 8. surface strain sensor electricity
Digging between cable, 9. country rock, 10. complete-section tunnel boring machine (TBM) outline excavation, 11. shields, 12. country rocks and shield is pre-
Stay deformation gap, 13. cup-shaped bases, 14. annular lids, 15. pressure transducers (model: YY-C125-10KN) main body, 16. protect
Thread casing, 17. cup-shaped base upper end outside screw, 18. cup-shaped base upper recess, 19. pressure transducer cables, 20. boxes
Lid center hole, 21. annular lid outward flange inside threads, 22. pressure transducers (model: YY-C125-10KN) pressure touch
Head.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1:
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention carries out country rock successively and calculates the test of shield extruding force, frictional resistance suffered by shield and card machine condition discrimination
Country rock is monitored with shield interaction process, a kind of country rock and complete-section tunnel boring machine shield interaction process monitoring side
Method, the steps include:
First, the country rock test to shield extruding force: shield inner surface strain testing inverse country rock is to shield extruding force:
(1) extruding force is directly tested at shield outer surface:
Designing and producing a kind of country rock pressure cell to shield extruding force, pressure cell is passed by cup-shaped base, annular lid, pressure
Sensor and wire bushing pipe composition, select according to the size digging prearrangement of deformation amount gap 12 between country rock and shield formula TBM shield
Pressure transducer 15 size (height is designated as h, and internal diameter is designated as r, and the present embodiment selection pressure sensor model number is YY-C125-10KN,
Its a size of h=11.5mm, r=13mm), according to diameter and the size of height design cup-shaped base 13 of pressure transducer 15
(cup-shaped base height H=h+20mm, internal diameter Ri=r, external diameter Ro=r+5mm), from rustless steel cast iron, car goes out cup-shaped base 13,
Process the outside screw 17 of pitch 1mm in the range of cup-shaped base 13 upper end 8mm, open a square groove 18 in cup-shaped base upper end
(height=wide=2 times of pressure transducer cable diameters), cup-shaped base 13 is for placement force sensor 15 with by pressure sensing
Device 15 is fixed on testee shield outer surface 1；And according to the diameter of pressure transducer 15, the height of pressure contact 22 and straight
Footpath design top annular lid 14 (annular lid internal diameter Ri'=cup-shaped base external diameter Ro=r+5mm, external diameter R'o=internal diameter+5mm,
Center hole radius R'=10mm, outward flange height H'=8mm, base thickness ),
The circular hole 20 that Radius is 10mm, the inner surface inside top annular lid 14 outward flange is opened at top annular lid 14 center
Making the inside thread 21 of pitch 1mm, for fixation pressure sensor, structure refers to Fig. 1.Pass through in TBM assembling stage or TBM
Midway, tunnel overhauls, when the openr cavern such as disassembling, install pressure cell 3 at shield outer surface 1 and monitor country rock and extrude shield
Power, installation steps are: 1. the pressure cell cup-shaped base 13 made is welded on shield outer surface 1 monitoring point designed, treats
After cooling, pressure transducer 15 is put in cup-shaped base 13, and the cable 19 carried by sensor is recessed from cup-shaped base upper end
Groove 18 is drawn, penetrates in flexible wire bushing pipe 16, by screwed tight between cup-shaped base 13 and annular lid 14, by pressure sensing
Device pressure contact 23 exposes from annular lid center hole 20, is the most just mounted with that is measured a country rock pair at shield outer surface
The pressure cell of TBM shield extruding force；2. shield is considered as symmetrical above and below, and considers convenience to be installed, the most only in shield upper half
Section installs monitoring point, uses same method to install the test country rock pressure to shield extruding force in other monitoring points of shield outer surface
Box, totally five rows, often row ten, often row is longitudinally equally spaced, and is concentrated by all for shield outer surface pressure cell cables 4 and is merged into
Stock introduces in shield, and protective cable wire casing pipe uses AB glue (model: Deli7148) and shield outer surface box hat bonding jail
Gu, it is simple to measure；3. being introduced into the cable in space in shield and access data collecting instrument, read data, the i-th measuring point is measured
Country rock is designated as P to shield extruding forcei。
One tests the country rock pressure cell to complete-section tunnel boring machine (TBM) shield extruding force, and it includes: cup-shaped base
13, annular lid 14, pressure transducer 15 and wire bushing pipe 16.Its annexation is: existed by the bottom welding of cup-shaped base 13
Shield outer surface, is carved with the outside screw 17 of pitch 1mm in the range of cup-shaped base 13 upper end 8mm, and on cup-shaped base 13
End opens a square groove 18；The outermost end edge of top annular lid 14 is carved with the inside thread 21 of 1mm, at top annular lid
The center hole 20 of Radius 10mm is opened at the center of 14；Pressure transducer 15 is put in cup-shaped base 13, by pressure transducer
The pressure transducer cable 19 that 15 carry passes, at pressure sensing from cup-shaped base 13 upper end cup-shaped base upper recess 18
Put wire bushing pipe 16 around device cable 19, then annular lid 14 is covered, by spiral shell between cup-shaped base 13 and annular lid 14
Stricture of vagina connects (tightening), and the pressure transducer pressure contact 22 that pressure transducer 15 carries simultaneously is from annular lid 14 center hole 20
Expose, just constitute the measurement country rock pressure cell to TBM shield extruding force.Connection between each building block of this pressure cell is closed
System: (size height is remembered according to the size selection pressure sensor 15 digging prearrangement of deformation amount gap between country rock and shield formula TBM shield
For h, internal diameter is designated as r, and the pressure transducer model that the present embodiment selects is YY-C125-10KN, its a size of h=11.5mm, r
=13mm), according to the size of the diameter of pressure transducer 3 and height design cup-shaped base 1 (cup-shaped base height H=h+20mm, interior
Footpath Ri=r, external diameter Ro=r+5mm), from rustless steel cast iron, car goes out cup-shaped base 13, in the range of cup-shaped base 13 upper end 8mm
It is carved with the outside screw 17 of pitch 1mm, opens square groove 18 (height=wide=2 times of sensor cables in cup-shaped base 13 upper end
Linear diameter), it is used for placement force sensor 15 in cup-shaped base 13 and sensor 15 is fixed to testee shield outer surface 1
On；And according to diameter, the height of pressure contact 22 and the size (ring of diameter design top annular lid 14 of pressure transducer 15
Shape lid 14 internal diameter Ri'=cup-shaped base external diameter Ro=r+5mm, external diameter R'o=internal diameter+5mm, center hole radius R'=10mm,
Outward flange height H'=8mm, base thickness δ=1/3 pressure contact height), open, at top lid 2 center, the center that Radius is 10mm
Circular hole 20, the inner surface at top annular lid 14 outermost end edge 21 makes the inside thread 22 of pitch 1mm, for fixing pressure
Force transducer 15；During on-the-spot test, by the bottom welding of cup-shaped base 13 at shield outer surface 1, after cooling, by pressure sensing
Device 15 is put in cup-shaped base 13, and the pressure transducer cable 19 carried by pressure transducer 15 is recessed from cup-shaped base 13 upper end
Groove 6 passes, wire bushing pipe 16 on set around pressure transducer cable 19, then annular lid 14 is covered, by the cup-shaped end
Screwed tight between seat 13 and annular lid 14, the pressure contact 22 that pressure transducer 15 carries simultaneously reveals from lid center hole 20
Going out, just constitute the measurement country rock pressure cell 3 to TBM shield extruding force, structure refers to Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.
(2) shield inner surface installs surface strain sensor by strain testing inverse country rock to shield extruding force:
At shield inner surface vault, left and right two is takeed on and left and right two helps totally five rows, often row to arrange ten monitoring measuring points, respectively
Monitoring point hoop and longitudinal direction in design use AB glue by surface strain sensor (type vibration wire or fiber Bragg grating type or two
Type all uses) it is pasted onto shield inner surface (hoop strain sensor 6, longitudinal strain sensor 7), by sensor cable line
8 concentrations are merged into stock and are connected with readout instrument or universal data collection instrument DataTaker, and the reading data of real-time continuous are surveyed i-th
Point longitudinal strain strain transducer reading is designated asI-th measuring point hoop strain strain transducer reading is designated asThink that shield exists
Elastic deformation rule is obeyed, according to following equation inverse country rock to shield extruding force before yield failure:
In formula:It is the longitudinal strain measured of the i-th measuring point,For hoop strain；Pi' it is at the i-th measuring point suffered by infinitesimal
Equivalent country rock to shield extruding force；E is shield bullet mould, and μ is shield Poisson's ratio.
Extruding force P then pressure cell at vault same observation station recordediEquivalent extruding force P drawn with strain inversei' enter
Row compares checking, and coefficient between the two is designated as k:
Then shield inner surface strains extruding force P suffered by the shield outer surface that other measuring points (the i-th measuring point) place is correspondingiFor:
Pi=kPi' (16)
Second, according to the country rock tested out to the shield extruding force regularity of distribution, can draw according to card machine trigger condition and enclose
Rock contacts starting point with shield, calculates country rock frictional resistance total to shield Rf:
In formula: RfTotal frictional resistance suffered by shield, j is the upper sequence number (j=1,2,3 ... 10) monitoring measuring point, and f is for enclosing
Coefficient of friction between rock and shield, PiFor hoop the i-th measuring point country rock to shield extruding force (i=1,2,3 ... 8), Pi+1It is (i+
1) measuring point country rock is to shield extruding force, and W is TBM deadweight, RsFor shield internal diameter, αiIt is corresponding between the i-th measuring point with (i+1) measuring point
Central angle.
In the present embodiment, by shield inner surface strain measuring point the most adjacent to the i-th measuring point and (i+1) measuring point and shield appearance
Face measuring point is equally spaced, then corresponding central angle is:
αi=22.5 ° (18)
Formula (18) is substituted into formula (17):
3rd, according to card machine condition discrimination criterion judge TBM shield whether by card, and identify card machine risk class, right
Card machine accident carries out early warning.
Fr=Rf (20)
In formula: FbFor TBM machine normally continuous digging excavation required thrust, FIFor TBM propulsion system can be provided by specified
Thrust.
Additionally, the safety coefficient K of TBM card machine also can be calculateds, see formula (13).Card machine according to calculating is safely
Number KsCarry out card machine risk analysis, refer to table 1.
Claims (1)
1. country rock and a complete-section tunnel boring machine shield interaction process monitoring method, the steps include:
(1) shield extruding force is monitored by country rock: uses shield outer surface to install pressure cell and directly measures and the installation of shield inner surface
Surface strain sensor is indirectly measured and is combined:
1. shield outer surface is installed pressure cell and is directly tested country rock to shield extruding force:
The pressure contact utilizing pressure cell directly measures the country rock extruding force to shield at this measuring point, is fixed on by pressure cell
Shield outer surface measuring country rock, to shield extruding force, makes a upper end and leaves groove and carve threaded cup-shaped base, on-the-spot survey
During examination by cup-shaped base bottom welding on complete-section tunnel boring machine shield outer surface, for placement force sensor with by biography
Sensor is fixed on testee complete-section tunnel boring machine shield outer surface, and plays opposing tunneling boring tunnel when monitoring and test
Shearing force after country rock and sensor contacts during the reach of road development machine, by pressure transducer after the welding cooling of this base during installation
Put in this cup-shaped base, sensor cable line is drawn from cup-shaped base upper recess, lays soft around cable
Property steel loop wire bushing pipe for protecting cable in order to avoid rock extruding on touched when shield move forward, wearing and tearing, by pressure cell
It is arranged to array test country rock shield extruding force is distributed: take in shield outer surface vault, left and right two and left and right two helps totally five
Row, often row ten install pressure cell, are concentrated by all for shield outer surface pressure cell cables and are merged in stock introducing shield, cable
Line protection sleeve pipe uses AB glue to be firmly bonded with shield outer surface box hat, forms a real-time testing country rock pair at shield outer surface
The array test network of shield extruding force, is introduced into the cable in space in shield and accesses data collecting instrument, read data, note
The extruding force that i-th pressure cell is measured is Pi.；
2. shield inner surface strain testing, inverse country rock is to shield extruding force:
At shield inner surface vault, left and right two is takeed on and left and right two helps totally five rows, often ten measuring points of row to install surface strain sensor,
Each measuring point hoop is respectively mounted a strain transducer with longitudinal, and longitudinal sensor is used for testing shield longitudinal strainHoop
Strain transducer is used for testing shield hoop strain εθ, measure longitudinal at the i-th measuring point and the strain of hoop both directionWith
It is calculated country rock extruding force P to shield at this measuring pointi':
Wherein:It is the i-th measuring point infinitesimal longitudinal strain,It it is the i-th measuring point infinitesimal hoop strain；It is that the i-th measuring point infinitesimal longitudinally should
Power；It is the i-th measuring point infinitesimal circumference stress, Pi' it is that the equivalent country rock suffered by the i-th measuring point infinitesimal is to shield extruding force；E is shield
Playing mould, μ is shield Poisson's ratio；
Complete-section tunnel boring machine shield two ends in the vertical do not retrain, if longitudinal stress at each measuring pointAbove formula
(1), (2) are write as:
Solve:
At vault, at outer surface, pressure cell is installed simultaneously and at inner surface, axial, circumferential surface strain transducer is installed, arch
Extruding force P that at the same observation station of top, pressure cell recordsiEquivalent extruding force P drawn with shield inner surface strain inversei' compare
Relatively verifying, coefficient between the two is designated as k:
Meeting same ratio at other strain measuring points in shield, shield inner surface strains shield appearance corresponding at the i-th measuring point
Extruding force P suffered by faceiFor:
Pi=kPi' (8)
(2) the extruding force regularity of distribution obtained by measurement calculates frictional resistance suffered by shield:
Measuring point spacing is near, and the extruding force between adjacent measuring point obeys linear distribution, upper and lower for shield two halves shape, stress is regarded
For symmetry, obtain frictional resistance suffered by the shield because of the generation of country rock extruding force corresponding to each ring monitoring measuring point
In formula:Frictional resistance (j=1,2,3 ... 10) suffered by the shield that jth ring monitoring measuring point is corresponding, f is between country rock and shield
Coefficient of friction, PiFor hoop the i-th measuring point country rock to shield extruding force, Pi+1For hoop (i+1) measuring point country rock, shield is extruded
Power, L is the chord length between the i-th measuring point and (i+1) measuring point, RsFor shield internal diameter, αiIt is corresponding between the i-th measuring point with (i+1) measuring point
Central angle, Δ l is the spacing between longitudinally adjacent two measuring points；
By every ring monitoring calculated frictional resistance of measuring point be added and add because of rubbing that complete-section tunnel boring machine deadweight produces
Resistance, obtains the total frictional resistance R suffered by shieldf:
In formula: RfTotal frictional resistance suffered by shield, W is complete-section tunnel boring machine deadweight, and j is the upper sequence number monitoring measuring point；
(3) by card machine condition discrimination criterion, according to frictional resistance and complete-section tunnel boring machine suffered by the shield tested and calculated
The thrust size that propulsion system provides, calculates card machine risk factor and prediction judges that card machine, card machine condition discrimination are:
In formula: FbFor complete-section tunnel boring machine machine normally continuous digging excavation thrust, FIAdvance for complete-section tunnel boring machine
The normal thrust that system is provided；FrFor overcoming the thrust required for frictional resistance suffered by shield, equal to frictional resistance suffered by shield:
Fr=Rf (12)
Differentiate that complete-section tunnel boring machine shield is by card accordingly；
The risk factor K of complete-section tunnel boring machine card machinesIt is defined as:
In formula: FfFor the gross thrust required for complete-section tunnel boring machine driving reach；
Calculate the risk factor of card machine, carry out card machine risk analysis, according to the risk factor size calculated by tunneling boring tunnel digging
Enter machine card machine risk and be divided into level Four: not card machine (Ks< 1), slight card machine (1≤Ks< 1.2), serious card machine (1.2≤Ks<1.5)
Very serious card machine (Ks≥1.5)。
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