CN111637990A - Method for detecting stress of key position of cutter head system of large-diameter shield tunneling machine - Google Patents
Method for detecting stress of key position of cutter head system of large-diameter shield tunneling machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN111637990A CN111637990A CN202010316460.0A CN202010316460A CN111637990A CN 111637990 A CN111637990 A CN 111637990A CN 202010316460 A CN202010316460 A CN 202010316460A CN 111637990 A CN111637990 A CN 111637990A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
Abstract
The invention provides a method for detecting stress of key positions of a cutter head system of a shield machine, which is characterized in that a strain gauge is embedded in a relevant position in advance before the shield machine leaves a factory, various stress conditions possibly encountered by the shield machine in construction are simulated in the factory, and the cutter head system of the shield machine is calibrated to obtain the accurate stress-strain conversion relation of each measuring point, so that the stress state outside the cutter head system of the shield machine is accurately reflected, the real-time detection of the external environment of the cutter head system of the shield machine is realized, the purposes of timely finding and stopping for adjustment when the external environment is abnormal are realized, and the safe and reliable work of the shield machine is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of detection of underground construction of tunnel excavation of a large-diameter shield tunneling machine, in particular to a method for detecting stress of a key position of a cutter head system of a large-diameter shield tunneling machine.
Background
The shield machine is a tunnel boring machine for tunnel excavation by using a shield method, is large underground construction equipment integrating machine, electricity and liquid, integrates all functions of excavation, slag discharge, support, grouting, guiding and the like in the underground tunnel construction process, and is widely applied to the excavation construction of underground engineering such as traffic, water conservancy and the like under soft soil stratum. The shield machine structurally comprises a cutter head system, a shield body, a rear matched facility and the like. In the construction process of the large-diameter shield tunneling machine, due to the fact that the underground external environment is complex, and the geological conditions can generate sudden changes at any time, for example, the tunnel face is subjected to the conditions of a broken zone, a hard boulder and the like in good stratum tunneling, the problems that the shield tunneling machine cutterhead system panel is greatly deformed and even cracks can be caused, the construction progress of the engineering can be influenced by the conditions, and huge economic losses are caused. Therefore, stress detection of the cutter head system of the shield tunneling machine is extremely important, and stress conditions of the cutter head system are obtained through strain detection and early calibration of the cutter head system, so that the stress conditions outside the cutter head system of the shield tunneling machine are truly and reliably reflected, and the problem to be solved is urgently needed.
At present, strain detection methods and stress-strain relations of key positions of a cutter head system of a shield tunneling machine are relatively rarely researched at home and abroad, and the structure and the working environment of the cutter head system are complex, so that field point selection testing is troublesome. Although some researchers have done some research, they all use methods such as measuring at a position where the patch is easy to be attached or three-dimensional laser scanning, and these methods either cannot measure a position where the patch is difficult to be attached or have insufficient measurement accuracy, so they have certain limitations and one-sidedness.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for detecting stress of key positions of a cutter head system of a shield machine, which is characterized in that a strain gauge is embedded in a relevant position in advance before the shield machine leaves a factory, various stress conditions possibly encountered by the shield machine in construction are simulated in the factory, and the cutter head system of the shield machine is calibrated to obtain an accurate stress-strain conversion relation of each measuring point, so that the external stress state of the cutter head system of the shield machine is accurately reflected, the external environment of the cutter head system of the shield machine is detected in real time, the aims of timely finding and stopping adjustment when the external environment is abnormal are fulfilled, and the safe and reliable work of the shield machine is ensured.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for detecting stress of key positions of a cutter head system of a large-diameter shield tunneling machine comprises the following steps: before the shield machine leaves a factory, arranging a strain gauge in a measuring point position on a model according to a measuring point key position of a cutter head system and embedding the strain gauge into a cutter head system of the shield machine at a corresponding position on the shield machine;
step two: the method comprises the following steps that a strain gauge, a signal testing and analyzing system, a signal conditioner and a wireless transmitting module which are positioned on a shield machine are correspondingly and electrically connected through a shielding wire, a signal receiving module is matched with the wireless transmitting module and used for receiving signals sent by the wireless transmitting module, and the signal receiving module is connected with an upper computer installed in a control room of the shield machine through the shielding wire;
step three: the upper computer records the strain value of each test point on the cutter head system of the shield machine in real time, matches various working conditions during calibration, performs data processing according to the calibration curve of each test point under specific working conditions, converts the measured strain value into stress of each test point, sets a threshold value for the stress of each test point according to the allowable stress of each part of the cutter head system of the shield machine, and alarms and stops when the detected stress is greater than the set threshold value.
In the construction process, strain states of corresponding positions are detected through strain gauges arranged in a cutter head system, an external stress state of the cutter head system is obtained through a stress-strain conversion relation obtained through calibration, and warning of abnormal tunneling of the shield tunneling machine is achieved.
In the process of underground tunneling construction of the shield tunneling machine, when geological abnormal mutation occurs, for example, a tunnel face encounters a broken zone, a hard boulder and the like in good stratum tunneling, the shield tunneling machine and an external environment have interaction, so that certain parts of a cutter head system bear external force exceeding allowable stress of the cutter head system, the cutter head system generates large deformation and even cracks, and the construction process is influenced and even the machine is stopped. In order to reduce the situation, strain gauges can be embedded into the shield tunneling machine according to a key position arrangement model of a measuring point of the cutter head system before delivery, calibration is carried out by simulating different possible working conditions to obtain a stress-strain relation of the cutter head system, strain at corresponding positions is detected by the strain gauges arranged in the cutter head system in the construction process, an external stress state of the cutter head system is obtained through the stress-strain relation obtained by calibration, and alarm on abnormal tunneling environment of the shield tunneling machine is achieved.
The method comprises the following steps that a measuring point arrangement model is adopted, a plurality of groups of strain gauges are arranged on a panel and inside a cutter head system after all parts of the shield tunneling machine reach delivery standards, each group of strain gauges comprise three strain gauges in different directions, and the strain gauges are used for detecting strain at the position where the strain gauges are located; a plurality of groups of strain gauges are uniformly arranged on the surface of the bracket surrounding the cutter head system; and the strain gauge is connected with a signal testing and analyzing system arranged behind the cutter head system through a shielding wire, and the signal testing and analyzing system is used for converting the signal measured by the strain gauge into a strain signal.
The signal testing and analyzing system, the signal conditioner and the wireless transmitting module are correspondingly and electrically connected, the signal receiving module is matched with the wireless transmitting module and used for receiving signals sent by the wireless transmitting module, and the signal receiving module is connected with an upper computer arranged in a shield machine control room through a shielded wire. The signal conditioner is used for converting strain signals obtained by the signal testing and analyzing system into standard signals and carrying out A/D conversion, the wireless transmitting module is a ZigBee signal transmitting module and can transmit signals processed by the signal conditioner, and the signal receiving module can receive wireless signals of the wireless transmitting module and transmit the wireless signals to an upper computer positioned in a shield machine control room through a shielding wire.
In a factory, strain gauges are arranged at measuring points on a cutter head system of a shield machine which is delivered from a factory, corresponding to the positions of the strain gauges arranged in the cutter head system, a signal testing and analyzing system, a signal conditioner and a wireless transmitting module are correspondingly and electrically connected, a signal receiving module is matched with the wireless transmitting module and used for receiving signals sent by the wireless transmitting module, and after the signal receiving module is connected with an upper computer arranged in a control room of the shield machine through a shielding wire, the calibration of the cutter head system can be carried out:
and (3) calibrating a cutter head system: in order to simulate the stress conditions of the whole pressure rise of the tunnel face and the abnormal action of the local harder boulder on the panel of the cutterhead system and the bracket, different jacks can be arranged at the position of the tunnel face in front of the cutterhead system, a plurality of jacks are arranged in front of the whole cutterhead system to simulate the stress condition of the whole pressure rise of the tunnel face, and a small number of jacks are arranged at the local part of the cutterhead system to simulate the stress condition of the local harder boulder of the tunnel face; and recording the magnitude of the thrust exerted by the jack, simultaneously recording the strain of the strain gauge by using a signal test analysis system, drawing and fitting a calibration curve by using the thrust of the jack as an abscissa and the strain value recorded by the signal test analysis system as an ordinate to obtain a stress-strain conversion formula, and recording the calibration curve and the analytic expression of each test point.
The application method comprises the following steps: in the construction process, a signal testing and analyzing system is used for connecting each group of strain gauges in a cutter head system of a shield machine, the signal testing and analyzing system is connected with an upper computer in a control room of the shield machine through a wireless signal transmission mechanism, the upper computer records and detects strain values of each test point in real time and matches various working conditions during calibration, data processing is carried out according to calibration curves of each test point under specific working conditions, the measured strain values are converted into stress of each position, a threshold value is set for the stress of each test point according to the allowable stress of each position, and when the detected stress is larger than the set threshold value, the upper computer immediately sends out shutdown alarm.
Compared with the prior art, the method for detecting the stress of the key position of the cutter head system of the large-diameter shield tunneling machine has the following advantages:
according to the method, firstly, the strain gauge is embedded in a relevant position in advance before the shield machine leaves a factory, various external environments possibly encountered by the shield machine in construction are simulated in the factory to calibrate the strain gauge, the conversion relation between the strain and the external stress of the relevant position is obtained, then the numerical value of the strain gauge is calculated in actual construction, the accurate external stress state of a cutter head system of the shield machine is obtained, the purpose of detecting whether the external environment of the cutter head system of the shield machine is abnormal in real time is achieved, the external environment is fed back to shield machine operators, and the shield machine can work safely and reliably. The invention provides a simple and effective shield tunneling machine cutter head system strain detection method, which solves the problem that the external stress state of a cutter head system is difficult to detect in the shield construction process, reduces the failure probability of a shield tunneling machine, and improves the tunneling efficiency of the shield tunneling machine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of a shield tunneling machine;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a cutter head system of the shield tunneling machine;
FIG. 3 is a distribution diagram of test points on a panel of a cutter head system of the shield tunneling machine;
FIG. 4 is a distribution diagram of measuring points on a bracket of a cutter head system of the shield tunneling machine;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the bonding form of each set of strain gauges;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a wireless signal transmission path;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a cutterhead system calibration process.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," and the like are used in the indicated orientations and positional relationships based on the orientation shown in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus are not to be considered as limiting.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
A method for detecting stress of key positions of a cutter head system of a large-diameter shield tunneling machine comprises the following steps: before the shield machine leaves a factory, arranging a measuring point position on a model and a corresponding position on the shield machine according to a measuring point key position of a cutter head system by using a strain gauge 2, and embedding the measuring point position and the corresponding position on the shield machine into a cutter head system 1 of the shield machine;
step two: the method comprises the following steps that a strain gauge 2, a signal testing and analyzing system 4, a signal conditioner 5 and a wireless transmitting module 6 which are positioned on a shield machine are correspondingly and electrically connected through a shielding wire 3, a signal receiving module 7 is matched with the wireless transmitting module 6 and used for receiving signals sent by the wireless transmitting module 6, and the signal receiving module 7 is connected with an upper computer 8 which is arranged in a shield machine control room through the shielding wire 3;
step three: the upper computer 8 records the strain value of each test point on the cutter head system 1 of the shield tunneling machine in real time, matches various working conditions during calibration, performs data processing according to the calibration curve of each test point under specific working conditions, converts the measured strain value into stress of each test point, sets a threshold value for the stress of each test point according to the allowable stress of each part of the cutter head system 1 of the shield tunneling machine, and alarms and stops when the detected stress is greater than the set threshold value.
In the process of underground tunneling construction of the shield tunneling machine, when geological abnormal mutation occurs, for example, a tunnel face 9 encounters a broken zone, a hard boulder and the like in good stratum tunneling, the shield tunneling machine and an external environment have interaction, so that certain parts of the cutter head system 1 bear external force exceeding design permission, the cutter head system 1 generates large deformation and even cracks, and the construction process is influenced and even stopped. In order to reduce the situation, the strain gauge 2 can be embedded into the shield machine according to a key position arrangement model of a measuring point of the cutter head system before delivery, and is calibrated by simulating different possible working conditions to obtain the stress-strain relation of the cutter head system 1, the strain of the corresponding position is detected by the strain gauge 2 arranged in the cutter head system 1 in the construction process, the external stress state of the cutter head system 1 is obtained through the stress-strain relation obtained by calibration, and the alarm for abnormal tunneling of the shield machine is realized.
According to the principle, the invention provides an accurate strain detection method for a shield tunneling machine cutterhead system, and the specific implementation of the method is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and specifically comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 2, 1) measuring points are arranged, after each component of the shield machine reaches the factory standard, a plurality of groups of strain gauges 2 are arranged in a rear panel 11 of a cutter head system and the cutter head system, each group of strain gauges 2 comprises three strain gauges 2 in different directions, as shown in fig. 4, the strain gauges 2 are used for detecting the strain state of the position, the strain gauges 2 are arranged according to the size of the shield machine, 8 measuring points are arranged in one circle, the interval between two adjacent measuring points is 45 degrees, the interval angle between the measuring points can also be changed, the number of the measuring points is added or reduced, the interval between two adjacent measuring points is 1m, and the rear panel 11 of the cutter head system and the interior of the; in the embodiment, a plurality of groups of strain gauges 2 are uniformly arranged on the surface of a corbel 12, 8 measuring points are arranged in one circle, the interval between every two adjacent measuring points is 45 degrees, and the interval between every two measuring points is 0.5 m; after the strain gauge 2 is installed, the strain gauge 2 is connected with a signal testing and analyzing system 4 arranged behind the cutter head system 1 through a shielded wire 3, and the signal testing and analyzing system 4 is used for converting signals measured by the strain gauge 2 into strain signals.
2) The transmission signal reaches host computer 8, and signal transmission adopts wireless signal's transmission mode, corresponds signal test analytic system 4 and signal conditioner 5 and wireless transmitting module 6 during the use and is connected electrically, and signal reception module 7 and wireless transmitting module 6 phase-match for receive the signal that wireless transmitting module 6 sent, signal reception module 7 with install the host computer 8 in the shield machine control room and pass through shielded wire 3 and be connected. The signal conditioner 5 is used for converting the strain signal obtained by the signal testing and analyzing system 4 into a standard signal and performing A/D conversion, the wireless transmitting module 6 is a ZigBee signal transmitting module and can transmit the signal processed by the signal conditioner 5, and the signal receiving module 7 can receive the wireless signal of the wireless transmitting module 6 and transmit the signal to the upper computer 8 positioned in the shield machine control room through the shielding wire 3.
3) In a factory, after the strain gauge 2 is arranged at a measuring point corresponding to the position of the strain gauge 2 arranged in the cutter head system 1 of the shield machine which leaves the factory on the cutter head system 1 of the shield machine and is connected with the signal transmission system, the calibration of the cutter head system 1 can be carried out:
and (3) calibrating a cutter head system: in order to simulate the stress condition of the whole pressure rise of the tunnel face 9 and the abnormal action of the local harder boulders on the cutterhead system panel 11 and the bracket 12, jacks 10 with different numbers can be arranged at the position of the tunnel face 9 in front of the cutterhead system 1, the stress condition of the whole pressure rise of the tunnel face 9 on the cutterhead system panel 11 can be simulated by the thrust of the jacks 10 with enough numbers, and the stress condition of the local harder boulders on the tunnel face 9 can be simulated by the thrust of the local jacks. During calibration, the thrust of the jack 10 is lifted from 0, the thrust of the jack 10 is recorded by using a force sensor, the strain of the strain gauge 2 is recorded by the signal testing and analyzing system 4, the experiment is stopped until the strain recorded by the signal testing and analyzing system 4 is a dangerous value, the thrust of the jack 10 is used as an abscissa, the strain value recorded by the signal testing and analyzing system 4 is used as an ordinate, a calibration curve is drawn and fitted, and the calibration curve and the analytic expression of the calibration curve of each test point are recorded and formed.
4) In the practical application method, the signal testing and analyzing system 4 can be used for connecting each group of strain gauges 2 in the construction process, the signal collecting and analyzing system 4 is connected with an upper computer 8 positioned in a shield machine control room through the wireless signal transmission mode, the strain value of each test point is recorded in real time, the upper computer 8 is used for matching various working conditions during calibration, data processing is carried out according to the calibration curve of each test point under a specific working condition, the measured strain value is converted into stress of each position, a threshold value is set for the stress of each test point according to the allowable stress of each position, and a shutdown alarm is sent out when the detected stress is larger than the set threshold value.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A method for detecting the stress of the key position of a cutter head system of a large-diameter shield tunneling machine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: before the shield machine leaves a factory, arranging a strain gauge in a measuring point position on a model according to a measuring point key position of a cutter head system and embedding the strain gauge into a cutter head system of the shield machine at a corresponding position on the shield machine;
step two: the method comprises the following steps that a strain gauge, a signal testing and analyzing system, a signal conditioner and a wireless transmitting module which are positioned on a shield machine are correspondingly and electrically connected through a shielding wire, a signal receiving module is matched with the wireless transmitting module and used for receiving signals sent by the wireless transmitting module, and the signal receiving module is connected with an upper computer installed in a control room of the shield machine through the shielding wire;
step three: the upper computer records the strain value of each test point on the cutter head system of the shield machine in real time, matches various working conditions during calibration, processes data according to the calibration curve of each test point under specific working conditions, converts the measured strain value into stress at each position, sets a threshold value for the stress at each test point according to the allowable stress at each position of the cutter head system of the shield machine, and immediately sends out a shutdown alarm when the detected stress is greater than the set threshold value.
2. The method for detecting the stress of the key position of the cutterhead system of the large-diameter shield tunneling machine according to claim 1, wherein the positions of the measuring points on the cutterhead system measuring point key position arrangement model in the first step are as follows: a plurality of groups of strain gauges are arranged on a panel and inside the cutter head system, each strain gauge comprises three strain gauges in different directions, and the strain gauges are used for detecting the strain of the position where the strain gauges are located; and a plurality of groups of strain gauges are uniformly arranged on the surface of the bracket which surrounds the cutter head system.
3. The method for detecting the stress of the key position of the cutterhead system of the large-diameter shield tunneling machine according to claim 1, wherein the calibration curve of each test point under the specific working condition in the third step is as follows: in order to simulate the stress conditions of the whole pressure rise of the tunnel face and the abnormal action of the local harder boulder on the panel of the cutterhead system and the bracket, different jacks can be arranged at the position of the tunnel face in front of the cutterhead system, a plurality of jacks are arranged in front of the whole cutterhead system to simulate the stress condition of the whole pressure rise of the tunnel face, and a small number of jacks are arranged at the local part of the cutterhead system to simulate the stress condition of the local harder boulder of the tunnel face; and recording the magnitude of the thrust applied by the jack, simultaneously recording the strain of the strain gauge by using a signal test analysis system, taking the thrust of the jack as an abscissa, taking the strain values recorded by the signal test analysis system and an upper computer as ordinates, drawing a calibration curve and fitting to obtain a stress-strain conversion formula, and recording the calibration curve and the analytic expression of each test point under a specific working condition.
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| CN113514468A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-10-19 | 济南轨道交通集团有限公司 | Tunnel face abnormal geology and range identification method based on hob stress monitoring |
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