CN103557013A - Annular steel structure supporting construction method with open type TBM (tunnel boring machine) - Google Patents
Annular steel structure supporting construction method with open type TBM (tunnel boring machine) Download PDFInfo
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- CN103557013A CN103557013A CN201310544338.9A CN201310544338A CN103557013A CN 103557013 A CN103557013 A CN 103557013A CN 201310544338 A CN201310544338 A CN 201310544338A CN 103557013 A CN103557013 A CN 103557013A
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Abstract
An open state is formed behind a shield of an open type TBM (tunnel boring machine), so that bolting and shotcreting with wire mesh and the like can be realized, when unfavorable geological conditions such as crushed zones are encountered, broken surrounding rock collapses and falls, which not only threatens the safety of operating personnel and equipment, but also greatly lowers the construction efficiency. The invention discloses an annular steel structure supporting construction method with the open type TBM. The supporting TBM is provided with a shield which has an annular steel structure installation space. When the unfavorable geological conditions are encountered, the annular steel structure can be fast erected in an assembly line mode under the protection of the shield, the shield is replaced with the annular steel structure for supporting the surrounding rock as the TBM tunnels; under the protection of the annular steel structure, an annular steel grating and a steel mesh hollow structure are used for carrying out the bolting and shotcreting supporting and the like, the previous extensive construction is changed to controllable standardized operation, the original open type unsafe environment is changed to a closed protected operation zone; the construction method disclosed by the invention is different from the passive supporting which is carried out after the surrounding rock collapses and falls; the annular steel structure actively close off the broken surrounding rock, then the surrounding rock becomes a part of the supporting structure, the work amount for backfilling concrete and removing slag is greatly reduced, and thus the method is more efficient and safer, the cost is reduced and the operation is easy to realize.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the full section hard rock tunneling machine of a kind of tunnel excavation and support engineering (TBM) construction technology, particularly relate to a kind of open type TBM in the face of the job practices of the unfavorable geological conditions such as breaking surrounding rock.
Background technology
The advantage of open type TBM maximum is because of its feature of " opening wide ", the region after its short shield, and country rock, in facing dummy status, makes the supportings such as anchor net spray be easy to realize.But also just because of this feature, when facing the unfavorable geological conditions such as breaking surrounding rock, in facing the breaking surrounding rock of dummy status, will cave in, fall, bring very big security threat not only to personnel, equipment in this operation, and the supporting operating efficiency of implementing is in this case extremely low, and poor effect; In addition, at the bottom of the rubble that falls of caving in is all deposited in hole, because bottom space is limited, need again to spend a large amount of artificial and time to go to remove, and the chamber of collapsing of country rock slump formation needs a large amount of concretes of backfill, time-consuming, cost is high.Can not manifest that TBM is efficient at all, the advantage of safety, environmental protection, on the contrary be not as flexible as traditional drilling and blasting method.Therefore more in whole driving hole section accounting once zone of fracture geological conditions, the TBM driving progress quality that depend on country rock, have greatly limited the extensive use of open type TBM more.
Steel arch frame or title annular girder are to process the important means of unfavorable geology such as breaking surrounding rock, generally by the bending loop configuration of H shaped steel, when reaching the unfavorable geological condition of IV level, V level country rock in the face of poor, the classification of situation, tunnel generally increases the supporting of steel arch frame on the basis of anchor net spray.Open type TBM utilizes the steel arch frame erector self being equipped with at shield rear, directly to face country rock steel arch frame is installed, but overall mechanization degree is not high, and extensive work need to complete in hole, mainly relies on labour, overall efficiency is very low, cost is high, and poor effect.Existing TBM installation steel arch frame and drilling and blasting method roughly the same, are all to become standard knot to make in processing factory single Pin steel arch frame segment design.Then every joint bow member is transported to and in hole, is assembled into a complete Pin bow member, and lock with anchor pole.With TBM, tunnel forward after a determining deviation, next Pin steel arch frame is installed again, and with dowel interval, two Pin steel arch framves are welded together, form the preliminary bracing of tunnel together with bolt-spary supports.Open type TBM as existing in accompanying drawing 1 installs as shown in steel arch frame construction method schematic diagram, different from drilling and blasting method is, first TBM mounting method is that steel arch frame is assembled in bow member storage ring in advance, be pre-formed annular, then by manipulator, the steel arch frame in storage ring is crawled out, then strut steel arch frame and be pressed on country rock, the bolt between fastening standard knot, the non-standard joint of final section is installed and is completed the installation of whole circle steel arch frame, and lock with anchor pole 5; In accompanying drawing 1, mark 1 is that steel arch frame, 2 steel arch frame, the 3 steel arch framves, 4 that strut for manipulator that take out for gripper of manipulator that are assembled in storage ring are already installed steel arch frame.Need before this thoroughly clearing up at the bottom of hole, to guarantee steel arch frame installing space.Utilize steel arch frame haulage device that steel arch frame is transported to steel arch frame erector simultaneously.The steel arch frame erector that different TBM adopts is different with conveying equipment form, but the function realizing is roughly the same.This process is also uncomplicated, but practical operation distressfrulness exists many unfavorable factors, as follows:
Although the pre-assembled steel arch frame standard knot of TBM can complete in the bow member storage ring in shield, the process need being pressed on country rock with rear distraction completes in the position immediately following after shield.Because the breaking surrounding rock of unstability is inevasible, drops and even cave in successively.For steel arch frame is installed, the rock slag falling at the bottom of hole must cleanedly be vacateed bow member installing space, and the breaking surrounding rock that will fall at any time in crown and waist arch also will clear, and these work all must be by manually completing.And landslide falls piece when more, owing to not having other means auxiliary, labor cleaning is extremely time-consuming, also very dangerous;
Open type TBM steel arch frame as existing in accompanying drawing 2 is as shown in the assembled schematic diagram in storage ring, existing TBM installs steel arch frame and the standard knot of segmentation manufacture need to be assembled in advance in steel arch frame erector storage ring 6, because steel arch frame diameter is much larger than storage ring diameter, final section standard knot can only overlap first segment outside or above, and each joint standard knot all needs to open hole so that the pin 7 of making way in storage silo is temporary fixed.It is different in fact that the different while of bow member and storage ring diameter is also caused the position of each joint standard knot perforate, this brings larger trouble to practical operation, we notice constructor often in assembled process according to the on-the-spot temporary punching of actual conditions, such work efficiency is well imagined.The mode of the pre-splicing steel arch frame of storage ring also having is fixing on storage ring outer ring, due to the rigidity effect of bow member, and the more difficult operation of this mode reality;
The link that TBM installs steel arch frame most critical is to utilize manipulator to strut the pre-splicing steel arch frame installing, and makes it be close to scar.In fact this process is only the most difficultly, and mark shown in accompanying drawing 11, for the steel arch frame that the steel arch frame that is assembled in steel arch frame in storage ring, 2 and takes out for gripper of manipulator, 3 struts for manipulator, has been demonstrated this process.Due to the country rock the coming out position, chamber that occurs collapsing, loose, part, steel arch frame part may can be pasted without country rock; And steel arch frame is made according to annulus, self-assembling formation ring body after all connecting, the integral body comparison " softness " that seems, but single-unit bow member rigidity is very large again, in addition the error in manufacturing process, as the distortion of steel arch frame, not contraposition of bolt hole, junction plate dislocation etc., all concentrate and display at this moment, bow member seems and is difficult to be tamed and obediently by expection, is fixed on the position of wanting.The bow member that both needed tightly to hold of steel arch frame manipulator now gives its constraint, need again to give the certain sliding space of bow member so that it struts smoothly, until bow member, be adjacent to after scar is fixed and unclamp again bow member, therefore need very complicated frame for movement to realize, operate also quite difficult.And in the situation of wall rock condition very severe, in fact this process is difficult to be controlled, often set-up time postponement once and again.Pass through these processes, the steel arch frame that TBM installs is out also often difficult fully up to expectations simultaneously.Usually exist such as the defect of not being close to scar, torsional deformation, integrated deflection etc., even part bow member has been occupied the space of secondary lining, and meanwhile the supporting capacity of steel arch frame has also reduced;
Although steel arch frame is directly installed on scar, because country rock has now passed through slump, and form the chamber of collapsing in various degree.So the same with the construction of drilling and blasting method, steel arch frame can not contact country rock in part in a big way, can not realize and be adjacent to scar in fact on the contrary.Need if desired to adopt the mode of " arch arch " to be adjacent to country rock.In drill bursting construction, also exist the steel arch frame that cannot be close to country rock to install;
Single Pin bow member not yet laterally connects between bow member after installing, can only independent stressed.Then TBM starts driving, and country rock comes out successively from the protection of shield, in facing dummy status, until next Pin bow member is installed.Because the spacing between bow member is generally 0.5 ~ 1.5 meter, so the breaking surrounding rock coming out starts a new round in this space, destroy, and pile up at the bottom of hole, so repeatedly;
In order to strengthen the whole stress-bearing capability of bow member, between two Pin bow members, also need the muscle of welding contact in time, this is again a very long process.In fact in hole, carry out this operation not only dangerous but also time-consuming, and because working environment is severe, whole process allows constructor be sick of, so often dealt with, not only welding quality difficulty is guaranteed, quantity is also usually not enough, and crudy has problems in addition, and bow member integrated carrying ability has reduced.Therefore, usually there is the situations such as torsional deformation, encroachment line, cause supportting boots be difficult to by.
Above-mentioned background technology data that can be for reference has the work < < TBM such as Wang Mengshu by the construction technology > > of fault belt, the work < < TBM such as Wang Lihua the work < < such as are and brief talk geological disaster and the prophylactico-therapeutic measures > > in TBM driving by methods analyst > > Liu Peng in weak broken wall rock section, Deng Qingli work < < open type TBM tunneled joint density area construction technology > >, Ou Yangyan work < < WEST QINLING tunnel bad geological section TBM construction technology > >, the analysis of Influential Factors of Yang Qinghui work < < silk screen TBM drivage efficiency and thinking > > etc.
Summary of the invention
As previously mentioned, the present invention is that open type TBM is in the face of the job practices of the unfavorable geological conditions such as breaking surrounding rock.For above-mentioned situation, the present invention comprehensive shield formula TBM and open type TBM be advantage separately, when in the face of unfavorable geological conditions such as breaking surrounding rock, adopts annular steel structure as supporting means, annular steel structure is to take the loop configuration that steel are main making, it can be the loop configuration that can bear and transmit load being formed by connecting by connector with steel plate and Re Zha, clod wash or fabricated structural shape, concrete material, size, form are selected according to the actual needs of tunnel support, the annular steel structure forming ringwise grille-like is called annular steel grating, nettedly ringwise be called annular steel mesh, tile shape is called annular steel tile ringwise, and annular steel structure needs segmental machining according to transportation, making, installation, open type TBM adopts coverage to have the shield of annular steel structure installing space, while facing the unfavorable geological conditions such as breaking surrounding rock as open type TBM, the annular steel structure fragment of prior segmentation manufacture is spliced in shield protective zone, set up into whole circle or part annular steel structure, multi-form annular steel structure fragment is alternative splicing optionally, along with TBM tunnels forward fixed whole circle or part annular steel structure, progressively take over the shield moving forward and support country rock, until shield, move forward while again forming installing space, optionally set up next Pin, repeat aforesaid operations, one Pin or many Pin, whole circle or part annular steel are configured to the support of country rock and protection, under its protection, utilize the structure of annular steel grating, annular steel mesh hollow out to implement the supportings such as spray anchor, and look country rock situation and select to increase the supporting measures such as advance anchor bolt, ductule, slip casting, whole circle or part annular steel structure and these supporting measure synergy form the supporting to tunnel.On the basis of the above, the present invention also can do following improvement:
Further, in order to improve making work efficiency, crudy, the installation efficiency of annular steel structure fragment, according to annular steel body plan work, transportation, mounting condition, require to select applicable annular steel structure fragment size, by this size, annular steel structure is segmented into several duplicate standard fragments and single non-standard fragment, fragment two ends adopt end face junction plate, and the annular Gang Gou processing factory batch machining of segmentation is made;
Further, TBM shield adopts finger-type structure, when annular steel structure installation in position, one side are just in time positioned at finger-type shield indentation, there, between the surface, outer ring of finger-type shield breach, country rock and annular steel structure, prolong hoop interval, steel structure outer ring and fill in stopper respectively, stopper quantity is looked country rock situation and is determined, with TBM, tunnel forward annular steel structure opposite side while being just in time positioned at finger-type shield indentation, there, repeat above-mentioned steps, annular steel structure supports country rock by stopper, thereby is adjacent to country rock;
Further, use has the device of grasping mechanism, oscillating head mechanism, steering mechanism, telescoping mechanism, slew gear, from transport vehicle, capture annular steel structure fragment, by oscillating head mechanism, steering mechanism, telescoping mechanism and slew gear, adjust attitude and position, transported and be placed on docking site, realized flexibly, assembled fast;
Further, end face junction plate " two two " the pairing processing taper locating hole at annular steel structure fragment two ends, in annular steel body plan work, installation process, use conical dowel pin to insert in the end face junction plate taper locating hole of the annular steel structure fragment docking of two joints, realize quick exactitude position;
Further, in the ring beam structure of annular steel structure, increase " stretching " joint (existing anti-rock burst technology), strengthen the anti-rock burst ability of annular steel structure.
Being different from existing open type TBM is passive protecting after country rock slump, this method fully develops " New Austrian Tunneling Method " tunnel support theory, utilize the synergy of annular steel structure and shotcrete initiatively to support and closed disintegrating country rock, the no longer slump of country rock that script will be caved in, keep to greatest extent its reset condition, turn waste into wealth, use the bearing capacity that these breaking surrounding rock self structure interphase interactions form, obtain better supporting effect, make passive protecting become active support; Not only can save in a large number backfill concrete, can significantly reduce again the engineering quantity of tunnel floor scarfing cinder, the steel arch frame of take that complexity is heavy is that the supporting operation of leading becomes simple, light and fruitful; The most important thing is, by the original undue Construction Condition that relies on country rock geological condition, to become controlled pipeline system, standardization, efficient operation process; Allow the originally dangerous space of " opening wide ", become the construction area that is closed with protection, thereby open type TBM no longer " is opened wide ".The feature of this method maximum be efficient, safety, saving cost, effect significantly and easy operating, there is actual application value very widely.The present invention is different from the principal character of existing job practices:
Adopt the steel arch frame of the annular steel structure alternative " thin " that supporting capacity is stronger; Enabling capabilities is stronger, and anti-rock burst ability also strengthens; The annular steel structure that also can convenient stand setting tool has " stretching " function, further strengthens the ability of opposing rock burst;
Annular steel structure fragment substitutes single-unit bow member in processing factory's streamline processing; The welding job of the connector that accounts in a large number critical circuits in hole and be difficult to carry out is transferred under condition more favourable outside hole and is constructed, and do not occupy the TBM driving time, be both conducive to ensure the quality of products, save again the time valuable in hole and cost-saving;
Adopt the larger shield of coverage, form the safety zone of certain limit, under its protection, utilize Special annular steel structure erector, adopt assembly line standard equalization program and quick taper localization method to splice annular steel structure, avoid directly operation on country rock, realize sequencing, operation efficiently;
Along with TBM tunnels forward, after shield, by annular steel structure, uninterruptedly support country rock, TBM no longer " is opened wide ", the safety of operating personnel and equipment under protection breaking surrounding rock space; This region is owing to being no longer subject to the infringement of breaking surrounding rock, thereby is easier to maintain the good clean environment of TBM; Simultaneously the feature of annular steel grating, annular steel net structure hollow out makes it both can support country rock, does not seal again country rock completely, more easily realizes work efficiency thereby higher in its protection supporting such as net spray grade of casting anchor.When wall rock condition is favourable, again can profit " opens wide ” L1 district, implement the construction of anchor net spray, both retained the feature of open type TBM, again the double shield defencive function of receiving shield formula TBM;
Can still adopt finger-type shield, at the annular girder place of finger-type shield breach and annular steel structure, fill in stopper, allow annular steel structure " be adjacent to " scar; Because country rock is closed all the time, in fact the cavity that rarely slump forms, therefore can " be adjacent to " scar than setting up more of existing steel arch frame;
Be different from passive protecting after country rock slump, the various combination of annular steel structure and anchor pole, spray concrete, advance anchor bolt, advanced tubule, pre-grouting etc. forms arch ring structure, synergy is closed disintegrating country rock initiatively, the original state that has kept to greatest extent breaking surrounding rock, turn waste into wealth, make script want the country rock of slump to become on the contrary the composition of supporting and protection structure, the supporting that the homeostasis that also makes script need to rely on country rock after breaking surrounding rock slump forms the chamber of collapsing is carried out becomes controlled.Equally, even still less realizing stronger supporting effect in input situation.Follow-up according to the function of tunnel and actual conditions, or adopt the measures such as grouting further fixed, complete final system supporting; Both avoided a large amount of fill concretes in position, chamber that collapse, substantially stopped again a large amount of rock slag labor cleaning at the bottom of hole, reduced the dependence to country rock situation simultaneously;
Apply this method advantage quick, that install flexibly, " heavy type " annular steel structure can be installed, can set up again " light-duty " annular steel structure of different size; Whole ring shape steel structure both can be installed, part annular steel structure also can be installed, can select flexibly according to country rock actual conditions, and at utmost save construction and drop into.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that existing open type TBM installs steel arch frame construction method schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the assembled schematic diagram of existing open type TBM steel arch frame in storage ring;
Fig. 3 is the whole ring shape of the present invention steel structure scheme of installation;
Fig. 4 is the present invention's annular steel grating fragment schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the present invention's annular steel mesh fragment schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is that open type TBM shield of the present invention is selected schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is steel mesh reinforcement storage silo rapid dismounting apparatus schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the present invention's annular steel structure manipulator schematic diagram;
Fig. 9 is the various attitude demonstrations that manipulator of the present invention captures annular steel structure fragment;
Figure 10 is the annular steel structure fragment scheme of installation of the first joint of the present invention;
Figure 11 is the present invention's annular steel structure rapid-aligning schematic diagram;
Figure 12 is the non-standard annular steel structure fragment scheme of installation of the present invention;
Figure 13 is the lower part annular steel structure scheme of installation of shield protection of the present invention;
Figure 14 is that the present invention is adjacent to country rock installation part annular steel structure schematic diagram;
Figure 15 is that the present invention's annular steel structure is adjacent to country rock schematic diagram;
Figure 16 is the annular steel structure that the present invention has increased elastic telescopic joint;
Figure 17 is the construction operation schematic diagram under the protection of the present invention's annular steel structure.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, principle of the present invention and feature are described, example, only for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit scope of the present invention.
Overall demonstration
Accompanying drawing 3 is installed as example with whole ring shape steel grating, and wherein mark 8 is to hold the TBM shield that annular steel structure is installed, and 9 is that TBM cutterhead, 10 is the original short shield of TBM; Mark 12 is the annular steel structure fragment that annular steel structure manipulator 13 captures from transport vehicle 15; Mark 17 is by the assembled annular steel structure fragment of manipulator; Mark 11 is firm assembled annular steel structure fragments that are positioned at inverted arch position that put in place; 14 of marks are the continuous three Pin annular steel structures of installation, and it forms guard space, can protect the operation of jumbolter 16 grades in the scope covering; Mark 18 is the drilling rod of the borings such as advanced tubule, advance anchor bolt.
Annular steel structure and manufacturing and designing
Annular steel structure is to take the loop configuration that steel are main making, it can be the loop configuration that can bear and transmit load being formed by connecting by connector with steel plate and Re Zha, clod wash or fabricated structural shape, concrete material, size, form are selected according to the actual needs of tunnel support, the annular steel structure forming ringwise grille-like is called annular steel grating, nettedly ringwise be called annular steel mesh, tile shape is called annular steel tile ringwise, and annular steel structure needs segmental machining according to transportation, making, mounting condition.In order to improve processing work efficiency, making quality, the installation efficiency of annular steel structure fragment, according to annular steel body plan work, transportation, installation requirement, select the annular steel structure fragment size being applicable to, by this size, annular steel structure is segmented into several duplicate standard fragments and single non-standard fragment, fragment two ends adopt end face junction plate, and the annular Gang Gou processing factory batch machining of segmentation is made.Below a kind of design, preparation method of annular steel structure fragment:
Using shaped steel as main material, according to tunnel situation design and matched annular steel structure with it, determine material specification and the fragment size of annular steel structure; Then the frock for welding assembly annular steel structure fragment according to the size of annular steel structure fragment and selection customization, thus realize the fast pipeline formula processing of annular Gang Gou fragment factory, and this frock should guarantee that dimensional accuracy meets the processing needs of annular steel structure; By design size intercepting shaped steel, bending machining, circularize beam fragment, the end face junction plate welding with being fixed in advance in frock, is welded into integral body with connector interval by two or more annular girder fragments, forms annular steel grating fragment; Connector can be selected screw-thread steel, angle steel or T-steel etc., and according to actual conditions, can dredge can be close, also can between connector, increase connector again; On the basis of annular steel grating fragment, set up or in several annular girder fragments, directly lay steel mesh reinforcement or gauze wire cloth, forming annular steel mesh fragment; On the basis of annular steel grating fragment, set up or directly lay steel plate, iron sheet or pantile and form annular steel tile fragment in several annular girder fragments.As shown in steel grating fragment schematic diagram as annular in accompanying drawing 4, this example adopts and bends to annular girder 19 by two Pin H shaped steel, the model of H shaped steel can be enclosed and select (this example adopts 200*200 type) with surrounding rock category according to footpath, hole, and adopt supporting this example of screw-thread steel 20(28) and this routine 50*100 of T-steel 21() as connector, (length can be selected according to surrounding rock category, 1.2 meters of this examples) two Pin annular girders are welded into integral body, become annular steel grating, screw-thread steel is welded on the outer ring of H shaped steel, T-steel is welded on the inner ring of H shaped steel, between the external surface of screw-thread steel and H shaped steel, just in time there is certain spacing, can be used for laying the gauze wire cloth that mesh is less, steel mesh reinforcement, form annular steel mesh, also can be used for laying steel sheet or pantile, form annular steel tile, annular steel tile can be placed in hole water outlet position for water guide.And T-steel just in time coordinates the manipulator crawl mechanism on annular steel structure erector to pick up; 4 annular girder termination welding end surface junction plates 22 of annular steel structure fragment.As shown in steel mesh fragment schematic diagram as annular in accompanying drawing 5, as set up or directly lay steel mesh reinforcement or gauze wire cloth 23 etc. on annular girder on the basis of annular steel grating, be referred to as annular steel mesh, annular steel mesh can adopt flexible steel silk screen, ordinary steel silk screen or the steel mesh reinforcement etc. that mesh is less, and inverted arch still adopts the comparatively simple annular steel grating of structure.The footpath, hole that this example is 12.5 meters, annular steel structure is divided into 7 standard fragments and the off-gauge lap segment of a joint, and 4 annular girder termination welding end surface junction plates 22 of every annular steel structure are docking between two joints when assembled.The suggestion of non-standard fragment is not too big, so that last assembled, non-standard fragment should be passed through on-the-spot installation test and be decided final length.Each engineering can design the annular steel structure fragment of many middle specifications to adapt to different geological conditions, and manufactures as required.Annular steel structure can be selected shaped steel, also available other steel combination.Annular steel structure can be used by whole circle, also can install part.The annular steel structure of " heavy type " is for country rock on the weak side, " light-duty " on the contrary.Annular steel structure structure design and selection are not emphasis herein, believe that this example also can do further optimization in structure design.Be stressed that herein, in order to realize the assembled of in hole fast pipeline formula, annular steel structure fragment is very important in the processing of factory.Except welding quality, the contraposition size of annular steel structure must accurately guarantee.The least bit of difference, a thousand li of mistake if annular steel structure fragment size has certain error, cannot be assembled into complete ring plate at all.For processing the frock size of annular steel structure fragment, must strict control, proofread and correct in time.The annular steel structure fragment processing, except current check, while reaching some, must be carried out the assembled check of the domain outside hole.Because the assembled of annular steel structure need to complete under the protection of shield; consider the needs of installing space; the final annular radius forming is less than shield 1 ~ 3cm; add the about 4cm of thickness of shield; after final annular steel formation ring, than the little 5 ~ 8cm of tunnel radius, this will note when annular steel structure design.
The shield of open type TBM
The support of cutterhead topmast, two sides of open type TBM support the shield 10 that is accompanied with certain length, and with telescopic cutter head support adjustable diameter, general coverage is less, and for the protection of equipment such as drive motors, scope is less.As shown in accompanying drawing 6 open type TBM shield schematic diagrames, for safe space being provided to the installation of annular steel structure, the present invention need select has the shield that annular steel conformational space can be installed, due to the original shield of general open type TBM shorter (also can do similar improvement on shield formula TBM basis), can not address that need, need to lengthen for this reason, the shield lengthening is labeled as 8, but this shield 8 is integrated with former shield 10, by topmast support and two sides, supporting subsidiary shield respectively extends, although the longer the better for the length of extending, but be limited by the self-bearing capacity of shield body, this example adopts 1.5m.Before annular steel structure carrying country rock, this shield will seal protection to country rock.According to the way of existing TBM maturation, this shield afterbody at a certain distance (this example adopt 30cm) perforate form the wide 5cm of finger-type long 40cm of this example of 25(), for anchor bolt construction.Simultaneously in forward appropriate location (this example the adopts 30cm) perforate 24 at a certain distance of shield, for advance anchor bolt and ductule pore-creating forwards.Shield bottom is opened wide, and the annular steel structure that is therefore positioned at bottom can directly be laid and be fixed on country rock.Shield inner side, top can adopt existing technology, establishes steel mesh reinforcement storage silo 26 to facilitate the installation of steel mesh reinforcement.But this device will the annular steel structure of impact installation, be therefore designed to the device that can dismantle flexibly, so that according to circumstances conversion at any time.As shown in Fig. 7 steel mesh reinforcement storage silo rapid dismounting apparatus schematic diagram, steel mesh reinforcement storage silo is used for placing steel mesh reinforcement by ring plate 28(), strut 27, strut bearing 31 form.In order to realize dismounting fast, the design is divided into small pieces by ring plate, and the groove 29 being placed on during use on strut is interior fixing, can ride on the bearing of strut tail end during dismounting; The connection of strut and bearing adopts connected structure 30, and dismounting is quick and convenient.
Annular steel structure manipulator
Annular steel structure is by installing at the manipulator of girder upper rotary, and slew gear can be continued to use existing way, is not separately described herein.Manipulator needs flexibly, so that capture annular steel structure fragment and adjust when mounted its attitude and realize contraposition from transport vehicle.As shown in steel structure manipulator schematic diagram as annular in accompanying drawing 8, the design's manipulator mainly comprises grasping mechanism 32, oscillating head mechanism 33, steering mechanism 34, telescoping mechanism 35, and the mode that adopts hydraulic jack to drive, can realize multi-faceted action.Accompanying drawing 9 manipulators capture the various attitude schematic diagrames of annular steel structure fragment, have demonstrated manipulator and have captured the various attitudes that annular steel structure fragment realizes.
The peace of whole ring shape steel structure is set up
As shown in ring shape steel structure scheme of installation as whole in accompanying drawing 3, whole ring shape steel structure fragment starts to set up at the bottom of hole, then successively alternately to two sides splicing, finally splice non-standard fragment, form the whole ring shape of Pin steel structure, the whole ring shape of Pin steel structure can be selected annular steel grating, annular steel mesh, the different combined and alternatively splicing of annular steel tile according to country rock situation.As shown in the annular steel structure fragment scheme of installation of the first joint of accompanying drawing 10, at the bottom of hole the installation of the annular steel structure fragment of first joint particularly important, must strictly control installation accuracy, otherwise reversing may appear in follow-up annular steel structure fragment, dislocation, interferes with shield.Notice that first joint annular steel structure fragment outer ring needs padded certain altitude, thus make the whole circle of annular steel structure all with the equal distance of shield inwall.For this reason, the end of at, support 37 hoop both sides and set up respectively a coordinate rule 36 that is used for controlling annular steel structure fragment installation dimension, to proofread and correct annular steel structure fragment, location dimension is installed.Behind the annular steel structure fragment of first joint location, bottom, must then with a plurality of U-shaped joint bars, it be firmly locked in to end arch upper with Churn drill in end arch punching, in assembled tile process, produce and be shifted preventing.
The contraposition of annular steel structure
Success Determined by Details, annular steel structure is quick, exactitude position is to realize its efficient assembled key; As shown in steel structure contraposition schematic diagram as annular in accompanying drawing 11, this law adopts the mode of taper location; On four end face 22 junction plates at annular steel structure fragment two ends, two two pairing processing taper locating holes 39, while annular steel structure fragment being installed in hole with conical dowel pin 38, fast, accurately realize the contraposition between annular steel structure fragment; Conical dowel pin 38 is also used for locating during factory process simultaneously, to guarantee the accurate of annular steel structure installation dimension; In order to guarantee the effect of accurate contraposition, annular steel structure end face junction plate need to adopt thicker steel plate, and this example adopts the steel plate of 3cm.The position in each end face connecting bolt hole needs well-designed, to facilitate the operation of pneumatic impact spanner; If possible can select the less bolt of the alternative diameter of bolt that diameter is larger conveniently to install to reduce bolt quantity.
The non-standard fragment of annular steel structure
Except last a slice, annular steel structure is all designed to standard knot manufacture; As shown in annular steel structure fragment scheme of installation as non-standard in accompanying drawing 12, non-standard annular steel structure fragment 40 is in the end a slice installation generally; For ease of installing, its hoop Design of length is shorter, when between two, a reserved determining deviation is convenient to install, adjusts; The hoop length of non-standard fragment should be determined according to on-site consolidation actual conditions.
Setting up of part annular steel structure
Although whole ring shape steel structure Stability Analysis of Structures, supporting capacity are strong, cost is higher.In Practical Project, mostly the lower needs of situation are to country rock crown and the sealing of local edge arch, and the effect that the annular steel structure fragment at position on the lower side mainly plays formation one arch ring integrated carrying is encircleed on inverted arch and limit.Therefore, in practice of construction, strongly advise according to country rock actual conditions, set up as far as possible the part annular steel structure on arch ring top, so both can reach the object of closed disintegrating country rock, can save a large amount of inputs again, the more important thing is if the part annular steel structure of installing is crossed support boots influence basin, can effectivelyly evade annular steel framework and establish the burden to support boots adverse effect in place.As shown in the lower part annular steel structure scheme of installation of accompanying drawing 13 shield protection, determine as required scope and the installation site that part annular steel structure covers, in country rock both sides, respectively two these examples of longitudinal bracing 41(are adopted to H shaped steel) one section be fixed on the installation site that country rock determines (this example adopts anchor pole 43 and A-frame 42 to fix), another section unsettled and put in shield, one end of annular steel structure fragment is placed on to longitudinal bracing to be put in a section of shield and goes up and fix, then splice successively annular steel structure fragment, finally complete the splicing of non-standard fragment, form a Pin part annular steel structure, one Pin part annular steel structure can be selected annular steel grating, annular steel mesh, the different combined and alternatively splicing of annular steel tile according to country rock situation, along with TBM tunnels unsettled longitudinal bracing, progressively expose shield, then fixing unsettled longitudinal bracing, optionally extends longitudinal bracing, for the installation of next Pin part annular steel structure simultaneously.Utilize annular steel structure erector also can be close to the installation that country rock is realized part annular steel structure.As accompanying drawing 14 is adjacent to country rock, install as shown in part annular steel structure schematic diagram, part annular steel structure fragment is close to country rock installation after shield, and locks with anchor pole; Because manipulator has multi-faceted motor function, can realize the installation of optional position within the scope of 360 degree.
The network forming of annular steel is adjacent to the method for scar
Whole circle or part annular steel structure be assembled complete and expose from shield after, because its diameter is less than footpath, hole, cannot be close to scar.This law is utilized the feature of finger-type shield for this reason, between the surface, outer ring of finger-type shield breach, country rock and annular steel structure, prolongs hoop interval, steel structure outer ring and fills in stopper, thereby make it " be adjacent to " scar respectively.Steel structure as annular in accompanying drawing 15 is close to as shown in country rock schematic diagram, each breach spacing of finger-type shield 8 can design (this routine 30cm) according to actual needs, can evenly lay a circle stopper 45 according to this spacing like this, make the whole circle of annular steel structure " be adjacent to " country rock uniform stressed.The design of stopper can adopt various ways certainly, and this example adopts the combination of three screw-thread steels (this example adopts ￠ 28, long 30cm) welding, and section is triangular in shape, and size is slightly larger than finger-type breach; Top is little is conducive to fill in country rock; Up-small and down-big, along with entering, the rock degree of depth increases and the contact area of country rock progressively increases; Bottom contact area large and annular girder is large; Stopper bottom surface processing clamp 44, the outer ring clamping stopper of positive good utilisation annular girder, prevents stopper " positioning ".
Scalable annular steel structure
Annular steel structure is stronger compared with steel arch frame supporting capacity, thereby the ability of anti-rock burst is improved.Utilize the advantage of this method Fast Installation annular steel structure simultaneously, can select the annular steel structure that has installed elastic telescopic joint (being fruitful) additional, when burst high pressure, can compressedly release energy, further strengthen opposing rock burst ability.As shown in the annular steel structure that accompanying drawing 16 has increased elastic telescopic joint 46, elastic telescopic joint is comprised of spring 47 and " primary and secondary " expansion coupling 48 of nesting together, can in annular steel structure installation process, be installed between two joint annular steel structure fragments, last non-standard joint length needs to adjust certainly; It should be noted that the expansion coupling both ends of the surface that install additional need be in the normal direction of tunnel, otherwise whole ring shape steel structure will be difficult to install.
Operation under the protection of annular steel structure
As shown in construction operation schematic diagram under steel structure protection as annular in accompanying drawing 17, anchor pole, spray concrete, advanced tubule and grouting etc. can be constructed under the protection of annular steel structure; Owing to setting up the flexible steel silk screen that mesh is less according to country rock situation, stopped the slump of bulk crushing country rock, thereby work progress becomes smooth and easy, work efficiency significantly improves, and is easy to keep clean environment.
The transportation of annular steel structure
Annular steel structure fragment can be transported to by the passage of TBM bottom annular steel structure erector bottom.For this reason, the rear supporting of TBM should adopt portal framed structure, is convenient to going everywhere without any hindrance here of haulage vehicle.Some project, in order to solve the drainage channel of rich water band water burst, has been set up door frame support on inverted arch, and lays track on door frame supports, but cannot cover annular steel structure manipulator region, thereby haulage vehicle cannot directly put in place.Need to take the mode of transfer transport for this reason, in railcar, reach the limit of behind position, by loop wheel machine, the annular steel structure fragment in railcar is directly shifted and put in place, or adopt tracked carrier to realize material transport in the unlapped region of track.This law is owing to adopting annular steel structure to country rock closure construction, and bottom scarfing cinder work is stopped substantially, therefore has ready conditions very much and realizes this means of transportation.The double layer channel transportation adopting with respect to existing job practices, the transportation of one deck passage will be simple, efficient, be easy to realize.
The foregoing is only the embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention.All any modifications of making are within the spirit and principles in the present invention equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
TBM drivage method is originally a kind of high mechanization, meticulous, advanced construction technology, but when open type TBM is during in the face of unfavorable geological conditions such as zone of fracture, its operation process is extensive, slow, dangerous and uncontrollable, cannot bring into play the advantage of TBM speedy drivage at all.This law fully develops " New Austrian Tunneling Method " tunnel support theory, utilize the feature of annular steel structure, adopt the mode of initiatively sealing country rock, make open type TBM with this understanding most critical the construction technology of weak cargo handling operation thoroughly improve, and impel whole operation process to become safe, efficient and controlled, thereby open type TBM no longer " is opened wide ".The annular steel framework that every Pin is complete is according to a preliminary estimate established expectation needs 1 ~ 2 hour, and the driving speed of calculating according to this open type TBM under IV level, V level wall rock condition is multiplied can the phase, and effect is remarkable, has using value extremely widely.
Claims (10)
1. open type TBM of the present invention annular steel structure construction method for supporting, that a kind of open type TBM is in the face of the job practices of the unfavorable geological conditions such as breaking surrounding rock, it is characterized in that: open type TBM adopts coverage to have the shield of following said annular steel structure installing space, while facing the unfavorable geological conditions such as breaking surrounding rock as open type TBM, select with the matched annular steel structure of country rock situation as supporting means, the annular steel structure fragment of prior segmentation manufacture is spliced in the protective zone of shield, set up into whole circle or part annular steel structure, multi-form annular steel structure fragment is alternative splicing optionally, along with TBM tunnels forward fixed whole circle or part annular steel structure, progressively take over the shield moving forward and support country rock, until shield, move forward while again forming installing space, optionally set up next Pin, repeat aforesaid operations, one Pin or many Pin, whole circle or part annular steel are configured to the support of country rock and protection.
2. according to claim 1, said annular steel structure, it is characterized in that: said annular steel structure is to take the loop configuration that steel are main making, can be with steel plate and Re Zha, the loop configuration that can bear and transmit load that clod wash or fabricated structural shape are formed by connecting by connector, concrete material, size, form is selected according to the actual needs of tunnel support, the annular steel structure forming ringwise grille-like is called annular steel grating, nettedly ringwise be called annular steel mesh, tile shape is called annular steel tile ringwise, annular steel structure is according to transportation, make, installation needs segmental machining.
3. according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: after said whole circle or part annular steel structure installation in position; under its protection; utilize the structure of annular steel grating, annular steel mesh hollow out to implement the supportings such as spray anchor; and look country rock situation and select to increase the supporting measures such as advance anchor bolt, ductule, slip casting, whole circle or part annular steel structure and these supporting measure synergy form the supporting to tunnel.
4. according to claim 1, said annular steel structure is adjacent to a kind of method of country rock, it is characterized in that: TBM shield adopts finger-type structure, when annular steel structure installation in position, when one side is just in time positioned at finger-type shield indentation, there, respectively at finger-type shield breach, between the surface, outer ring of country rock and annular steel structure, prolong hoop interval, annular steel structure outer ring and fill in stopper (45), stopper quantity is looked country rock situation and is determined, with TBM, tunnel forward annular steel structure opposite side while being just in time positioned at finger-type shield indentation, there, repeat above-mentioned steps, annular steel structure supports country rock by stopper, thereby be adjacent to country rock.
5. according to claim 1, a kind of assembling method of said annular steel structure, it is characterized in that: use the device with grasping mechanism (32), oscillating head mechanism (33), steering mechanism (34), telescoping mechanism (35), slew gear, from transport vehicle, capture annular steel structure fragment, by oscillating head mechanism, steering mechanism, telescoping mechanism and slew gear, adjust attitude and position, transported and to be placed on docking site assembled.
6. according to claim 1, a kind of erection method of said whole ring shape steel structure, it is characterized in that: at the bottom of the first joint of annular steel structure fragment is placed on hole, with several U-shaped joint bars, be fixed at the bottom of hole on country rock, then piecewise successively from both sides alternative splicing, finally complete non-standard fragment assembly, form whole ring shape steel structure.
7. according to claim 1, a kind of erection method of said part annular steel structure, it is characterized in that: determine as required scope and the installation site that part annular steel structure covers, in country rock both sides, respectively one section of two longitudinal bracings (41) is fixed on the installation site that country rock determines, another section unsettled and put in shield, then in both sides, one end of annular steel structure fragment is placed on respectively to longitudinal bracing puts on a section of shield and fixing, then splice successively annular steel structure fragment, finally complete non-standard fragment assembly, form part annular steel structure, along with tunneling unsettled longitudinal bracing, TBM progressively exposes shield, then fixing unsettled longitudinal bracing, and optionally extend longitudinal bracing, installation for next Pin annular steel structure.
8. according to claim 2, a kind of processing method of annular steel structure, it is characterized in that: according to annular steel body plan work, transportation, installation requirement, select matched annular steel structure fragment size, by this size, annular steel structure is segmented into several duplicate standard fragments and single non-standard fragment, fragment two ends adopt end face junction plate, and the annular Gang Gou processing factory batch machining of segmentation is made.
9. according to claim 8, the alignment method of said annular steel structure splicing, it is characterized in that: end face junction plate " two two " the pairing processing taper locating hole (39) at annular steel structure fragment two ends, in annular steel body plan work, installation process, use conical dowel pin (38) to insert in the end face junction plate taper locating hole (39) of two joint annular steel structure fragment docking, realize contraposition.
10. according to claim 8, a kind of preparation method of annular steel structure fragment, it is characterized in that: select shaped steel as main making material, according to tunnel situation, design annular steel structure, determine material specification and the fragment size of annular steel structure, customization and the frock of annular steel structure fragment match for its welding assembly, this frock should guarantee that dimensional accuracy meets the processing needs of annular steel structure, by design size intercepting shaped steel bending machining, circularize beam fragment, with the end face junction plate welding being fixed in advance in frock, with connector interval, two or more annular girder fragments are welded into integral body, form annular steel grating fragment, connector can be selected screw-thread steel, angle steel or T-steel etc., according to actual conditions, can dredge can be close, also can between connector, increase again connector, on the basis of annular steel grating fragment, set up or directly lay steel mesh reinforcement or gauze wire cloth in several annular girder fragments, form annular steel mesh fragment, on the basis of annular steel grating fragment, set up or directly lay steel plate in several annular girder fragments, iron sheet or pantile form annular steel tile fragment.
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| CN105952465A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-09-21 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | A monitoring method for a surrounding rock and full face tunnel boring machine shield interaction process |
| CN105909267A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-08-31 | 重庆睿安特盾构技术股份有限公司 | Open type hard rock tunnel boring machine |
| CN106285691A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2017-01-04 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | The method for tunnel construction that a kind of shield formula multi-arm development machine combines with New Austrian Tunneling Method |
| CN106285691B (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2018-08-03 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | A kind of method for tunnel construction that shield formula multi-arm development machine is combined with New Austrian Tunneling Method |
| CN108343447A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2018-07-31 | 新疆北方建设集团有限公司 | A kind of tunnel inner steel web safety support construction suitable for frangible rock stratum |
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| CN107893665B (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-07-05 | 山东建筑大学 | A kind of prefabricated assembled composite supporting construction mounting process based on fashioned iron |
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| CN111878101B (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2021-11-23 | 黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司 | Method for protecting rock burst by using telescopic containment during open type TBM construction |
| CN112065411B (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2022-03-18 | 黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司 | Method for protecting rock burst by adopting rotary containment during open type TBM construction |
| CN111878101A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-03 | 黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司 | Method for protecting rock burst by using telescopic containment during open type TBM construction |
| CN113047858A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-06-29 | 中煤第五建设有限公司 | Chest-closed TBM construction system for water-containing soft rock stratum of crack and construction method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20140205 |